Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.8 Published:15 March 2021

  Effects of Sowing Rate and Fertilization Rate on Yield Formation and Mechanical Harvest Quality of Spring Soybean in South China Tang Lizhong, Xie Yizhi, Sun Xiaocheng, Ouyang Guochun, Lei Gannong, Li Xiaohong, Zhu Wangchong 2021, 37 (8):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0178 Abstract + ( 489 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 132 ) To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of soybean under mechanized operation in south China, wide field experiments were conducted to exploring the effects of sowing rate and fertilization rate on the agronomic characters, yield, yield components and mechanical harvest quality of spring soybean with ‘Xiangchundou V8’ as the material. The results showed that: (1) the plant height, bottom pod height and lodging rate of soybean rose with the increase of sowing and fertilization, while the seedling rate and plant rate decreased with the increase of sowing; (2) the number of plants per unit area rose with the increase of sowing rate, but the number of effective pods per plant was on the contrary; while the number of seeds per pod increased with the increase of fertilization rate; result of comparing by pairs indicated that the highest yield of 2834.91 kg/hm 2 could be obtained by treatment S2F2 (sowing rate of 75 kg/hm2 + compound fertilizer application rate of 90 kg/hm2); (3) no significant effect of sowing rate or fertilization rate on the mechanical harvest loss rate was observed, and there was no interaction between them, however, the total loss rate was between 5.39% and 6.21%. The correlation analysis showed that the sowing rate mainly affected the impurity rate by the number of plants per unit area, the plant rate, plant height, and lodging rate, and affected the seed damage rate by the number of plants per unit area and the plant rate; while the fertilization rate mainly affected the damage seed rate by the plant height, bottom pod height and lodging rate. It could be seen that the effect of sowing rate on the quality of mechanical harvest, especially the impurity rate and damage rate of mechanical harvest, was more extensive than that of fertilization rate. Considering the factors of soybean yield, mechanical harvest quality etc., the highest yield of 2834.91 kg/hm2 (mechanical harvest yield of 2731.88 kg/hm2) could be obtained by sowing 75 kg/hm2 + compound fertilizer 90 kg/hm2, moreover, it could effectively reduce the impurity rate and damage rate of mechanical harvest to 6.82% and 11.38%.

  Exogenous Hormone in Flowering Period of Adzuki Bean: Effects on Agronomic and Yield Characters Li Wan, He Ning, Xiang Hongtao, Liu Miao, Wang Manli, Li Bo, Wang Xueyang 2021, 37 (8):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0217 Abstract + ( 447 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 88 ) To explore the effect of different concentrations of exogenous substances abscisic acid (ABA) on the agronomic characters and yield of adzuki bean, adzuki bean variety ‘Baihong 8’ and ‘012-27’ were used as the experimental materials. After spraying different concentrations of ABA on the leaves in field, the length of the main stem, the diameter of the main stem, the fresh weight of the leaves, the fresh weight of the roots and the yield characters were measured at different growth stages. The results showed that ABA treatment with 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L at flowering stage could significantly reduce the main stem length of ‘Baihong 8’ and ‘012-27’. In the treatment of A100, the fresh weight of leaves of ‘Baihong 8’ and ‘012-27’ at flowering stage was increased by 33.54% and 23.81%, respectively. Compared with that of CK, grain number per plant of the two varieties under A100 was increased by 12.80% and 20.13%, respectively. To sum up, abscisic acid spraying could reduce the length of main stem of adzuki bean, and increase the diameter of main stem, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of roots and the number of seeds per plant of adzuki bean significantly. ABA spraying of 100 mg/L at flowering stage could increase the yield of adzuki bean to some extent.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Anatomical Structure of Potato Zheng Zhiyin, Wang Fang 2021, 37 (8):  14-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0697 Abstract + ( 454 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1771KB )   ( 77 ) The drought resistance response and physiological mechanism of potato under drought stress were studied by exploring the botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato under different soil water content conditions. Two potato varieties of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ were used as materials. The optimum moisture content of soil in T0 (CK) (70%-75% relative soil water content) was taken as the control, and other treatments were T1 (55%-60%), T2 (40%-45%), T3 (25%-30%) and T4 (no watering after emergence). The botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato plant were analyzed respectively. The results show that water stress has significant effects on phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, leaf area, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length) of the two potato varieties, the measured values of the above botanical characters of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ have a decreasing tendency with the decrease of soil water content, the plant height, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length of ‘Qingshu 9’ are all higher than those of ‘Minshu 1’. The analysis of physiological indexes shows that under T2-T4 treatments, the contents of proline, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in potato are significantly different from those of control T0 (P<0.01). The microscopic index analysis shows that the upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness and grid-sea ratio of the leaves are all affected by water stress. The experiment could provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant cultivation and breeding of potato.

  Metabonomics Analysis of Dark Septate Endophytes Phialocephala bamuru A024 Under the Induction of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Song Xiaoshuang, Yu Wenjing, Min Kai, Zhou Qi, Deng Xun, Liu Yanhong, Jiang Ruifeng 2021, 37 (8):  25-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0190 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1732KB )   ( 46 ) To explore the inhibition mechanism of dark septate endophytes fungus A024 Phialocephala bamuru against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, the non-targeted metabonomics of fungus A024 induced by R. solani were analyzed by LC-MS system. The results showed that the metabolites of A024 strain included 9 categories and 27 classes, and 52 differential metabolites were screened out. Compared with the control group, 31 of them were up-regulated and 21 of them were down-regulated after induction, among which, flavonoids, L-malic acid, guanosine monophosphate and nicotinic acid were significantly up-regulated. Arachidonic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of histidine and purine alkaloids, biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketide alkaloids were significantly enriched in the analysis of KEGG enrichment. Different metabolites and their enriched metabolic pathways were screened in the study, which laid a foundation for further research on the mechanism of their inhibition on R. solani.

  Study on the Skin Permeation Effect of Ranae Oviductus Peptides Zhang Yuyao, Xu Yunfeng, Wang Han, Li Xiangyan, Jing Li, Zhang He 2021, 37 (8):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0204 Abstract + ( 402 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1462KB )   ( 42 ) A comparative study on relative molecular mass, viscosity and skin permeation effect of ranae oviductus peptides before and after enzymolysis was carried out. Ranae oviductus peptides were prepared through hydrolyzing ranae oviductus protein by pepsin and alkaline protease. The viscosimeter was used to detect the changes of viscosity during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. Taking the mouse skin as a transdermal barrier, percutaneous rate and the relative molecular weight distribution of percutaneous peptides at different times were detected by apparatus of transdermal absorption and high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), respectively. The results showed that the viscosity of ranae oviductus peptides decreased from 5278.85 mPa·s (1.0 g/100 mL) to 12.56 mPa·s (7.0 g/100 mL); the peak area percentage of ranae oviductus proteins with the relative molecular mass 1147 kDa went down from 75.36% to 8.83%, however, the percutaneous rate of ranae oviductus peptides increased from 4.50% to 9.14%. When the percutaneous time was 36 h, percutaneous peptides with the relative molecular mass less than 1 kDa were the main component in percutaneous fluid, accounting for about 62%, followed by percutaneous peptides with the relative molecular mass of 2.46 kDa, accounting for 13.34%. In general, the ranae oviductus peptides prepared by double-enzyme method have low molecular weight and good water solubility, and could penetrate the skin of mouse easily.

  Effects of Biochar-calcium Peroxide Composite Particles on Benzoic Acid Allelochemical Stress to Tomato Seedlings Tu Yuting, Huang Jichuan, Wu Xuena, Liao Weijie, Peng Zhiping 2021, 37 (8):  39-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0655 Abstract + ( 501 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 89 ) Allelopathy autotoxcity effect of phenolic acids has been proved to be one of the important causes of tomato continuous cropping obstacles. Development of technologies for the phenolic acids allelochemicals removal is expected to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles. In this study, blending method and coating method were employed for the preparation of biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles. The adsorption and oxidation behaviors of benzoic acid on the composite particles were studied by sequencing batch experiments. Then the particles prepared via coating method were used in hydroponics experiments, to investigated the alleviate effect on the allelopathy of benzoic acid stress to tomato seedlings over this novel composite particles. The results showed that, after 3 h of reaction, the removal rate of 100 mg/L benzoic acid could be obtained at 82.6% and 67.0% over 1.5 g/L of the particles prepared via coating method and blending method, respectively. The composite particle prepared via coating method displayed higher catalytic activity due to its better buffering capacity for the hydroxide ions generated by the decomposition of calcium peroxide. The results of hydroponic experiment showed that compared to the treatments with benzoic acid allelochemical stress, the growth indexes of tomato seedling, including individual biomass, root weight, fresh weight of stem and leaf, plant height, root length, and root activity, increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles. The relative permeability of root cell membranes and the content of malondialdehyde in leaves decreased by 23.7% and 30.4%; and the leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, increased by 61.0% and 45.6%, respectively. Therefore, the prepared biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles could effectively reduce the concentration of benzoic acid in the cultivation medium through adsorption-oxidation reactions, reducing the physiological stress of phenolic acid on tomato seedlings and promoting its growth. These results have certain guiding significance for the development of new technologies for reducing continuous cropping obstacles.

  Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bougainvillea Overwintering Ma Xiaohua, Hu Qingdi, Zheng Jian, Zhang Xule, Liu Hongjian, Qian Renjuan 2021, 37 (8):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0640 Abstract + ( 454 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 54 ) To study the adaptability of different Bougainvillea varieties under low temperature, 7 kinds of healthy and mature Bougainvillea plants ‘Brazil Purple’, ‘Mosaic Red’, ‘Green Cherry’, ‘Yunnan Purple’, ‘Pearl White’, ‘Lemon Yellow’ and ‘Chinese Red’ of two-year-old were used as the experimental materials to determine the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the generation rate of superoxide radicals (O2 ·-) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) during the natural overwintering process. The results showed that the content of MDA, proline, soluble protein and H2O2 of different Bougainvillea varieties had significantly different variation trends during the natural overwintering period. The proline content of ‘Lemon Yellow’ showed a gradual decrease with the decrease of temperature; that of ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Brazil Purple’ decreased first and then increased with the decline of natural temperature. The H2O2 content of ‘Brazil Purple’, ‘Mosaic Red’, ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Yunnan Purple’ all had an increase-decrease-increase-decrease trend as the temperature decreased during the winter. The POD activity of ‘Yunnan Purple’ first increased and then decreased; while the POD activity of ‘Chinese Red’ showed a gradual decrease as the temperature decreased. Therefore, the low temperature adaptability of different Bougainvillea varieties is indeed very different, ‘Chinese Red’, ‘Brazil Purple’ and ‘Lemon Yellow’ show a strong low temperature adaptability; ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Yunnan Purple’ have a weak low-temperature resistance, but they could survive safely overwintering, while ‘Mosaic Red’ and ‘Pearl White’ need to have leaf fall to adapt to the low temperature environment during the winter.

  Planning and Design of Rural Landscape: A Case Study of Zhoucun Ecological Experience Park Chen Lin 2021, 37 (8):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0707 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1658KB )   ( 65 ) The landscape planning and design of rural garden has injected new vitality into the development of rural tourism, and is an indispensable backbone of sustainable development industry. The design of ecological cultural landscape with unique humanistic flavor and charm is an urgent problem in rural landscape planning and design. Starting from the related concepts of landscape planning, this paper explains the operation mode and types of rural landscape, as well as the principles of landscape ecology, and puts forward the design principles and methods. Taking the landscape planning and design of Zhoucun Ecological Experience Park as an example, the detailed design ideas of all parties are put forward, and the rural landscape planning and design strategies are obtained. The design features of rural garden ecological experience park determine its ecological relationship with its surrounding areas. Infiltration of landscape design elements in the natural environment can convey the local historical and cultural tradition, shape the characteristics of rural tourism, and provide a strong backing for the economic development of the countryside. The research can also provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development planning and design of rural landscape projects in the future.

  Comparison of Wind and Sand Flow Characteristics of Two Types of Sand Accretion Instruments on Abandoned Farmland of Different Years Li Jingjing, Li Delu, Man Duoqing, Yan Zizhu, Zhang Dekui, Ma Junmei, Guo Shujiang 2021, 37 (8):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0142 Abstract + ( 397 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 53 ) Two different types of sand accretion instruments were installed on the abandoned farmland of different years, and the similarities and differences of the two sand accretion instruments were analyzed through a comparative study on the structural characteristics of the wind sand flow, so as to select the ideal sand accretion instruments for the study of wind sand flow under different wind sand environment conditions in arid and desert areas. The results showed that (1) the annual sediment transport of No.2 sand accretion instrument was significantly higher than that of No.1, the higher the wind sand flow, the greater the difference, and the difference had a close relationship with the distance to sand source, the farther distance, the more obvious the difference; (2) there was a significant linear correlation between the annual sediment transport volume of the two sand accretion instruments, and the correlation coefficient was up to 0.998, indicating that there was a significant linear correlation between the amount of wind sand flow collected by the two sand accretion instruments; (3) according to the monthly variation of sediment transport rate of the two kinds of sand accretion instruments, the overall performance was that the sediment transport amount was consistent with the local wind season, and the monthly variation rules between them were also very similar, however, the sediment transport amount of each month still showed that the sand accretion instrument 2 was greater than that of the sand accretion instrument 1; (4) under the same wind speed, the sediment transport rate of the two kinds of sand accretion instruments showed a downward trend with the increase of the number of years of farmland returning, the longer the number of years of farmland returning, the larger the sediment transport rate was, and the larger the change range was within the range of 0-50 cm; while, the shorter the time of farmland returning, the smaller the sediment transport rate was, and the small change range was within the range of 0-50 cm. The results showed that under the same condition, the sand volume collected by sand accretion instruments 2 was 1.7-1.9 times of that collected by sand accretion instrument 1. The two kinds of sand accretion instruments could be used to observe sand flow in areas with large amount of wind-sand, while good results could be obtained when sand accretion instrument 2 was used to observe sand flow in areas with small amount of wind sand.

  Review of Watershed Eco-hydrological Processes and Vegetation Responses Zhang Han, Wang Lin 2021, 37 (8):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0199 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1058KB )   ( 79 ) Ecological hydrology is the theoretical basis of river basin water resources management. The relationship between ecological and hydrological process is a research emphasis of eco-hydrology, which is a scientific method to realize the ecological civilization construction. There is a close relationship between vegetation and eco-hydrological processes. Vegetation in the basin can alleviate air pollution, reduce energy consumption and improve water quality. In addition, it can maintain the dynamic balance between water resources and soil resources in the basin through interception, evapotranspiration and infiltration. Similarly, the conditions of land, climate and water resources can directly affect the growth, distribution and succession of vegetation. Based on the theory of eco-hydrology, in terms of the effect of vegetation on watershed ecological restoration and the response of vegetation to watershed hydrology, we systematically summarized the impacts of vegetation on the ecological and hydrological processes and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of relevant ecological and hydrological models. Finally, we pointed out that it is an urgent research direction to solve the imbalance between the ecological process and hydrological process.

  Stabilization Remediation Technology and Remediation Practice of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil Huang Di, Huang Zhihong, Kong Hui, Yi Hao, Long Xiang, Yang Yanqun, Xiao Huining 2021, 37 (8):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0162 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 80 ) To study the stabilization remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil, the remediation project of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil in Yunnan Province is carried out, to compare remediation technologies and summarize and analyze stabilization agents through the systematic process research and technical application of small-scale experiment, pilot-scale experiment and project implementation. The results show that the remediation technology could ensure the remediation effect and reduce the cost, and the safe utilization of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil has been achieved. The remediation mode of source reduction, concentration reduction, availability reduction, absorption reduction and safe production of agricultural products has been formed. The combined remediation technical system of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil has been established which includes stabilization, phytoremediation and agricultural ecological restoration technologies, to realize the dynamic integration of the remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil, ecological improvement and economic benefits.

  Fertilization System of Nutrient Critical Value for Optimum Yield of Tea Plantation in South Yunnan Chen Jianfeng, Liu Jun, He Zhenghai, Chen Hua, Yin Mei, Wang Zhiyuan, Wang Wei, Fu Libo 2021, 37 (8):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0271 Abstract + ( 499 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 49 ) To study the precision fertilization amount of tea plant in south Yunnan, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship of the seasonal fertilizer application amount and soil nutrients with tea yield and net output. The results showed that the highest yield of tea was obtained by treatment N2P2K2 in different experiment sites. In different sites, soil nutrients (alkaline hydrolyze nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) and tea yield of fertilizer deficiency treatment had positive correlations. The regression equations between soil nutrient correlation coefficient and soil nutrient contents could be expressed as: yN=1.888-0.30ln(xN), yP=1.551-0.58ln(xP) and yK=0.786-0.13ln(xK). The nutrient critical value for optimum tea yield in south Yunnan was calculated according to the optimum fertilizer application rate and the levels of available nutrients in the soil. The nutrient critical values of tea plant could be calculated as: N (412.5±25.0) kg/hm 2, P2O5 (88.5±27.1) kg/hm2 and K2O (180.2±27.7) kg/hm2.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil pH, Yield Sustainability and Quality of Tea Wang Jinlin, Wen Lu, Chen Ping, Zhang Dequan, Tian Yong, Zeng Jie, Yang Zheng 2021, 37 (8):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0220 Abstract + ( 276 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 63 ) The study aims to explore the changes of soil pH, yield and quality of tea under different fertilization patterns and their influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for the development of tea industry. The results showed that: (1) the pH of soil was stable without fertilization for a long time; the output was stable for the first 5 years, and then decreased year by year; the annual output after 14 years was only 99.6 kg/hm2; (2) after the long-term application of chemical fertilizer alone, the pH of soil in layer A decreased to 4.30, by 0.30 unit, and higher than the optimal range of tea tree growth of pH 4.5-5.5, the average yield was higher than that of other treatments, the theine content was significantly higher than that of other treatments; (3) after the long-term application of organic fertilizer alone, the pH of A and B layer was 6.14 and 5.52, respectively, increased by 1.54 and 0.83 units, which exceeded the optimal range, the yield was lower than that of NPKM and NPK treatment; (4) under the long-term chemical fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer, soil pH was basically stable in the optimal range; the yield sustainability index was the highest, which was 15.3% higher than that of NPK, 48.8% higher than that of M and 280.8% higher than that of CK; the total amino acid content of spring tea and autumn tea was the highest and significantly higher than that of M and CK. The catechin content of spring tea was 2.2%, 1.8% and 32% higher than that of NPK, M and CK, respectively. The above results showed that fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could stabilize the pH of tea garden soil, ensure the sustainability of yield, and increase the content of catechin, caffeine and total amino acid of tea leaves, which is a recommended fertilization pattern for green development of tea industry in Pu 'er area.

  Effects of Straw Returning and Biochar Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat-maize Rotation Fu Mengxue, Wu Mingyu, Han Bibo, Zhang Qian, Han Yanlai, Tan Jinfang, Li Peipei, Zhang Tao, Li Hui 2021, 37 (8):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0732 Abstract + ( 547 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 86 ) To provide guidance for fertilization and grain production on yellow cinnamon soil, straw returning combined with biochar applying was employed to exam the effect on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. The experiments were conducted with CK (no fertilization), B (only biochar), NPK (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer), NPKS (NPK + straw returning), NPKB (NPK + biochar) and NPKBS (NPKS + biochar), to analyze the effects of different treatments on crop yield, nutrient content and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that straw and biochar combined with chemical fertilizer could significantly increase grain number per spike, yield, soil available nitrogen and total nitrogen contents, and the nitrogen accumulation in the plant and the grain, and improve the nitrogen use efficiency significantly; the effect of the fertilization on winter wheat was better than that on summer maize, the nitrogen utilization in reality was 17.72%-37.43% higher than of current season, and the NPKBS showed the best effects on the nitrogen efficiency. To sum up, chemical fertilizer combined with biochar and straw could significantly improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

  The Effect of Four Herbicides on Soil Enzyme Activity: Research Progress Yang Fengshan, Gao Mengying, Sun Cong, Wang Yanbo, Yang Siyuan, Fu Haiyan, Liu Chunguang 2021, 37 (8):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0201 Abstract + ( 296 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1074KB )   ( 46 ) The paper aims to study the influence of herbicides on soil environment to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and effective use of herbicides and reduce their harm to environment, as well as for agricultural production. In this paper, the application and harm of chloroacetanilide, phenoxyacetic acid, diphenyl ether and dinitroaniline herbicides were analyzed, and the influence of the four herbicides on soil enzyme activity was summarized. Finally, the problems to be solved in herbicide degradation were put forward, and the research trend of remediation of the herbicide contaminated soil was discussed.

  Study on Pathogenic Fungi Causing Soybean Root Rot in Yinchuan and Field Disease Control Efficiency of Seed Coating Du Yixin, Shi Niuniu, Ruan Hongchun, Lian Jinfan, Gan Lin, Chen Furu 2021, 37 (8):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0535 Abstract + ( 455 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 52 ) The current study aims to clarify the pathogenic fungi causing soybean root rot and control efficiency of different kinds of seed coating in the field. Pathogen samples of soybean root rot disease were collected from the soybean production area in Helan, Xingqing and Yongning of Ningxia during 2018-2019. The pathogens were isolated by tissue separation, and identified according to morphology and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF). Then the control efficiency of six kinds of seed coating were assessed in field. The results showed that 126 strains were isolated and identified, belonging to four Fusarium species, i.e., F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. brachygibbosum, which accounted for 51.59%, 24.60%, 13.49% and 10.32%, respectively. Pathogenicity assay showed that four Fusarium species were pathogenic against soybean, showing root rot. The field test demonstrated that the control efficiency of the six kinds of seed coating were more than 65% 20 days after sowing, and the control efficiency was lower than 60% 60 days after sowing. In summary, four Fusarium species on soybean are observed in Yinchuan and the tested kinds of seed coating have certain control efficiency, but the control efficiency decreases at the adult-plant stage of soybean.

  Research Progress of Annexin B1 in Immune Evasion of Cysticercus Cellulosae Yu Mingchuan, Wang Xinrui, Song Weiyi, Song Yining, Yang Jingfang, Sun Shumin 2021, 37 (8):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0555 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 31 ) Annexin is a type of effective endogenous regulatory protein, which binds to membrane phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+ and participates in various functions of cell activities. It is closely related to tumorigenesis, autoimmune diseases, viral and parasitic infections, etc. As a member of the annexin family, annexin B1 has a unique structure of amino acid residues and is closely related to the invasion of specific hosts by different species of parasites. This article mainly describes the types of annexin and the role of annexin B1 in the immune evasion process of Cysticercus cellulosae infecting the host, aiming to explore the immune evasion mechanism of Cysticercus cellulosae infection. A further understanding of the relationship between annexin B1 and cysticercus, as well as a more in-depth study of annexin B1 in parasite immunity could provide relevant information on the biological significance of parasite immune evasion and the diagnoses and treatment of parasitic diseases.

  Crude Fat in Micro-encapsulated Fat Powders: Rapid Determination Yin Qiumiao, Wang Yong, Qiang Li, Wang Weili, Huang Xiaomei, Sun Lihua 2021, 37 (8):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0373 Abstract + ( 424 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 51 ) To deal with the trade problems of new type products of fat powders caused by lacking suitable determination method of crude fat, a rapid and reliable determination method of crude fat in the products of micro-encapsulated fat powders was developed by selecting the micro-encapsulated fat powders with higher embedding rates as main testing samples and establishing the hydrolysis method and the extraction method. The testing scopes of this method were also studied. According to the requirements of the national standard GB/T 6379.2—2004 Accuracy of Measurement Methods and Results, the accuracy and precision of this method were then determined by testing the crude fat contents of five micro-encapsulated fat powder samples with different embedding rates in 3 independent labs. In this method, the sample (1-2 g) was hydrolyzed by 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 85℃ ± 5℃ for 1 h, and then the solution was extracted twice by petroleum ether (20 mL×2). After removing the petroleum solvent by distilling, the residue was dried at 103℃±2℃ for 15 min, then the residue was determined by Gravimetric method. After examined by Cochran test and Grubbs test, the results were found to be consistent and accurate without outliers. The average repeatability errors and reproducibility errors (RSD) of the method were 0.34%-0.58% and 0.38%-1.33%, respectively, indicating that this method could fully meet the precision requirements of the national standard GB/T 27404—2008 Specification for Laboratory Quality Control. This newly developed method is suitable for determination of crude fat in micro-encapsulated fat powder products without phospholipids, and is more accurate, fast and cost-effective, and more reliable when compared with the current standard GB/T 6433—2006.

  Remote Sensing Monitoring of Vegetation Change in Central Asia from 2000 to 2017 Guo Yan, He Yi, Zhang Lifeng, Qiu Lisha, Zhang Guoqiang, Zhang Zhihua 2021, 37 (8):  123-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0197 Abstract + ( 349 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 2295KB )   ( 63 ) Vegetation in Central Asia plays an important role in the protection of regional ecological security and the construction of “The Silk Road Economic Belt”. However, the influence of climate on vegetation growth mode in Central Asia is still not clear. Based on the index of NDVI combined with meteorology, terrain and population data, we studied the time-space distribution rule and change trend of the vegetation in Central Asia for nearly 18 years and confirmed the correlation between the vegetation change and different influencing factors, and predicted roughly the future growth trend of the vegetation. The results showed that the whole vegetation in Central Asia between 2000 and 2017 presented a decreasing trend, mainly distributed in the middle area and south-western area and along the mountains. The vegetation in west slope was stronger than that in east slope. In 2010, the vegetation was changed from degradation trend to improving trend as a whole. The precipitation and temperature had a promotion role for the vegetation growth, but vegetation was more sensitive to precipitation than to temperature. In the future, the vegetation in Central Asia will show an improving trend on the whole. In addition, different geographical demarcation and human activities will have certain influence on vegetation.

  Early Prediction of Apple Yield Based on Meteorological Data in Young Fruit Stage:An Example of Yuncheng City Jing Hui, Yang Hua, Zhao Huijin, Meng Yao 2021, 37 (8):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0671 Abstract + ( 473 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 108 ) By analyzing the meteorological data and apple annual yield data in Yuncheng City from 2005 to 2018, an early prediction model of apple yield was constructed. Firstly, the annual yield of apple was divided into trend yield and meteorological yield by using HP filtering method. Secondly, multiple linear regression models were established respectively for apple phenology stages: germination stage, flowering stage, young fruit stage, expanding stage and mature stage, to study the influence of each phenology period on apple meteorological yield. Finally, the early prediction model of BP neural network was established and verified in terms of the young fruit stage which had the strongest influence on meteorological yield of apple. The relative average error of early yield prediction model based on BP neural network was 7.08%, and the accuracy of BP neural network early prediction model was verified with the relevant data in 2019, which was 89.6%. The model could accurately predict apple yield and provide theoretical support for early crop yield prediction.

  Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Analysis in Shaanxi: Current Situation Based on Statistical Data Suo Long, Zhao Xiaojin, Zhang Junli, Ma Qingqing, Zhao Hui, Jiao Xueli, Li Kang, Li Mingming 2021, 37 (8):  137-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0086 Abstract + ( 652 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 92 ) To understand the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (NSP) in Shaanxi Province and provide a theoretical basis for controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution, we analyzed the consumption of fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, the discharge of livestock wastes, and the amount of generated straw and its corresponding input intensity and load, based on the agricultural statistical data from 2005 to 2018 and NSP calculation methods provided by literature. The results showed that both the input intensity and consumption of fertilizer peaked in 2013, with 241.73×104 t and 841.98 kg/hm2, respectively; the pesticide consumption increased year by year and the input intensity slightly decreased in recent years; the consumption and input intensity of agricultural and plastic film overall increased yearly, and showed a stagnant increase in recent years; the amount of discharged livestock wastes and discharge load generally showed a continuous decline, slightly fluctuated in some years; the generation of crop straw and load steadily increased, yet with minor increase recently. Therefore, the NSP pattern in Shannxi demonstrates a positive correlation with policy regulations as well as technology stimulation, presenting a declining trend in general. Accordingly, top priority should be given to technology optimization and upgrade and scientific adjustment of regulations, aiming to reduce NSP and promote sustainable agriculture development.

  Advances in the Practice of Urban Historical Heritage Protection and Management Based on GIS Technology Hong Li, Pang Songling, Geng Meiyun 2021, 37 (8):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0195 Abstract + ( 820 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1052KB )   ( 90 ) The traditional method of protecting urban historical heritage has great limitations in information processing and management. Aiming at the development of world heritage protection and management mechanism, the construction process of GIS database of urban resource survey and information integration is analyzed through successful cases at home and abroad. The paper expounds the practice of GIS in the aspects of urban cultural heritage protection, urban historical landscape protection, regional cultural and natural heritage protection, landscape heritage protection and so on. It is pointed out that the domestic heritage protection should make use of new ways of thinking and research methods to integrate GIS and other digital technologies into heritage protection management research. We need to strengthen the study of heritage value and heritage document preservation, GIS system detection and so on. The research shows that information processing, editing heritage documents and drawing thematic maps are the core links in the construction process of dynamic GIS database, which can effectively excavate the outstanding heritage value of historical cities and help the management department to formulate different urban heritage document protection and management strategies, so as to provide innovative ideas for the future heritage protection and sustainable development of China.

  Farmers' Livelihood Strategy Selection and Livelihood Resilience Assessment—An Analysis of Farmer Household Survey Data of the Three Gorges Pastoral Complex Guo Leilei 2021, 37 (8):  151-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0192 Abstract + ( 333 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1523KB )   ( 48 ) Focusing on the farmers in the "Three Gorges Orange Town", this paper aims at revealing the relationship between the livelihood strategy selection and livelihood resilience. Based on the 209 surveys of the farmers in the objective area, a model is constructed to measure the resilience of farmers' livelihood. Thus, the resilience condition and the structural differences can be analyzed. The results show that the main types of livelihood strategies for farmers in the Three Gorges Pastoral Complex are agriculture-oriented (P1), pure-labor-oriented (P2), labor-oriented (P3), self-employed (P4), subsidy-dependent (P5) and diversified-operation (P6); the resilience value of various types of farmers' livelihoods is: P1 (0.306)> P6 (0.273)> P4 (0.193)> P3 (0.185)> P2 (0.157)> P5 (0.119); in terms of dimensionality, P1 has the highest self-organization ability, P6 is more advanced and balanced, P3 and P4 are equipped with higher resilience structures, and P5 shows more disadvantages. It is significant to focus on farmers with lower level of livelihood resilience and strengthen local self-organization construction to improve the overall level of livelihood resilience and structural optimization.

  Practice and Exploration of the Digital Village—An Example of Beijing Guo Meirong, Li Jin 2021, 37 (8):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0120 Abstract + ( 410 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1050KB )   ( 89 ) The purpose of the study is to find out the existing problems and the promotion path of digital rural construction in Beijing by analyzing its practice, so as to provide reference for the development of digital countryside. Based on literature analysis, typical cases and expert consultation, this paper discusses the theory and practice of digital rural development. Digitalization is the key feature of modern agriculture 4.0, and digital economy is a new engine and new driving force for the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas. Beijing is the forerunner of digital village, and the construction of digital village in Beijing has laid a solid foundation for the rural revitalization and agricultural modernization. The communication network and infrastructure are great well, and the digitization of agriculture, the network of rural life and the modernization of rural governance have been constantly improved. The development of digital village is faced with some problems, such as weak infrastructure construction, imperfect data resource system, insufficient integration of digital technology and industry, and lack of talents in digital village. Agricultural production, rural life, agricultural product management and agricultural and rural information services need to be further integrated with the Internet of Things, big data, Internet, blockchain, artificial intelligence, 5G and other information technologies. We should constantly consolidate the foundation of digital rural construction, increase the research and development of digital rural science and technology, deepen the popularization and application of digital rural technology products, improve the governance system of digital rural areas, and strengthen the support of digital rural talents.