Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.7 Published:05 March 2021

  Nitrogen Application Mode and Planting Density of Rice: Effect on Growth and Yield in Hilly Area of Sichuan Ouyang Yuyuan, Chen Yingli, Lan Hanjun, Zhu Conghua, Yu Junqi, Diao You, Li Xuyi 2021, 37 (7):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0488 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 71 ) To explore the effects of fertilization mode and planting density on rice yield and growth in hilly area of Sichuan Province, ‘Shuyou 217’ and ‘Tianyouxiang 99’ were used as materials in this study. The main area was fertilization mode, the split area was planting density. The results showed that deep side fertilization could effectively improve rice yield, and there were some differences among different varieties. Under the deep side fertilization mode, ‘Shuyou 217’ was suitable for higher planting density, while high planting density of ‘Tianyouxiang 99’ could cause significant decrease of the number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate, and reduce the panicle rate and transfer rate. Therefore, the appropriate planting density should be determined according to the characteristics of varieties.

  Effects of Wood Vinegar on Seedling Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Endogenous Hormone Content of Wheat Lu Xincheng, Jiang Jianchun, He Jing, Sun Kang, Sun Yunjuan 2021, 37 (7):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0092 Abstract + ( 593 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 72 ) This study investigated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on seedling growth, antioxidant activity and endogenous hormone content of wheat, and discussed the influence mechanism for the application of WV as growth regulator. The effects of different concentrations of WV on morphological indexes, antioxidant characteristics and endogenous hormone content of wheat seedlings were analyzed by using water as the control group (CK). The results showed that the growth of wheat seedlings was affected by the concentration of WV via the changing of the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of endogenous hormones caused by the stress effect of adversity. Low concentration of WV was the slight stress condition to wheat seedling growth, which reduced the MDA content, increased the activities of POD and SOD, and increased the contents of IAA and GA3 and decreased the content of ABA, thus promoted the growth of wheat seedlings. On the contrary, high concentration of WV caused the severe stress on the growth of wheat seedling, which increased the MDA content, decreased the activities of POD and SOD, and reduced the contents of IAA and GA3 and increased the ABA content, resulting in the inhibition of wheat seedling growth. The regulation mechanism of WV on wheat seedling growth could be described as low concentration of WV could promote the wheat seedlings growth and high concentration could inhibit the growth, and the optimal concentration of WV on the growth of wheat seedling is 0.25 mL/L.

  Effects of Harvesting Period of Corn Silk on Its Functional Components, Collectable Silk Yield and Maize Yield Qian Chunrong, Li Liang, Jiang Yubo, Yu Yang, Hao Yubo, Gong Xiujie, Ge Xuanliang, Lv Guoyi, Wang Weiming, Lai Yongcai 2021, 37 (7):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0072 Abstract + ( 738 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1336KB )   ( 215 ) The paper aims to study the optimum harvesting period of corn silks. Corn silks harvesting experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 with ‘Jingnongke 728’and ‘Demeiya 3’, the main corn varieties planted in Heilongjiang Province, to compare the effects of different harvesting periods on the functional components of corn silk, the yield of corn silk and the yield of corn. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in corn silk decreased with the silking days and the content of total polysaccharides increased. Delaying pollination in female spike bagging way could effectively promote the growth of silk, however significantly reduce the rate of ear setting. The yield of silks of ‘Jingnongke 728’and ‘Demeiya 3’ bagging 6 d increased by 79.2% and 65.5% compared with that of natural pollination respectively, and grain number fell 57.9% and 88.2% respectively; bagging 12 d the yield of silk of the two varieties increased by 107.6% and 74.8% respectively, and the amount of grain number fell by 96.1% and 96.0% respectively; bagging 3 d had no effect on ear setting. The variation range of corn silk yield ranged from 0.443 to 1.003 g/ear, with an average value of 0.655 g/ear and a variation coefficient of 24.78%. To give consideration to corn yield, corn silk quality and silk yield, 3 to 5 d after silking is the best harvest time of corn silk.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Plant Nutrient Uptake of Tartary Buckwheat After Flue-cured Tobacco Zhang Yanjun, Hu Xuanjiang, Liu Jia, Rao Min, Hu Xinzhou, Shi Li’an, Shen Wenzhi, Li Chengchun, Li Huaihong, Zhang Cuiping, Lin Jiaojiao, Yang Shaocong 2021, 37 (7):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0116 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 43 ) The effects of nitrogen application on yield and plant nutrient uptake of planting tartary buckwheat variety ‘Yunqiao No.1’ after flue-cured tobacco harvest were studied to select the best nitrogen application level in Yuxi. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application, the yield increased first and then decreased, the growth period was prolonged and the plant height was increased. There was no significant difference in major agronomic characters and yield components. However, the nitrogen application amount of 225 kg/hm 2 had the largest main stalk pitch number and primary branches, and the yield components of grain number and weight per plant were relatively good, so the yield reached 2900 kg/hm2, which was 720 kg/hm2 or 33.03% higher than that of CK. In terms of plant nutrient uptake, with the increase of nitrogen application, the nitrogen uptake of the whole plant showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the variation trend of phosphorus and potassium uptake was consistent, and the plant nutrient uptake was the highest with nitrogen application level of 225 kg/hm2, followed by nitrogen application at 150 kg/hm2. Therefore, under this experiment, the optimal nitrogen application rate is 150 kg/hm2 to 225 kg/hm2, which has not only high yield, but also the highest uptake of plant nutrients.

  Effects of Degradable Plastic Film on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Cotton in Shihezi Reclamation Area Liu Xiaowei, He Wenqing, Li Zhiqiang, Li Shengtai, Lv Jun 2021, 37 (7):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0079 Abstract + ( 481 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 56 ) Degradable plastic film is one of the effective ways to solve the ‘white pollution’. The matching of the safety period of degradable plastic film with climatic conditions is a prerequisite to ensure cotton growth and seed cotton yield. In this study, three kinds of degradable plastic film were used as test materials to investigate the degradation of plastic film, agronomic characters and yield of cotton. Compared with the control without plastic film mulching, plastic film mulching promoted the growth of cotton and increased cotton yield by 6.6% to 21.3%. Due to the different materials of degradable plastic film, there were significant differences in the degradation characteristics, agronomic characters and yield (P<0.05). The degradation rate of the whole biodegradable plastic film was the fastest, and it entered the induction stage earlier than the photodegradable plastic film, especially the full biodegradable plastic film which was mainly composed of PBAT and could be degraded completely after 120 days. Due to premature degradation, the yield of PBAT was significantly lower than that of conventional PE plastic film, but there was no significant difference between PLA and PE. The degraded plastic film mainly composed of PLA matched well with the climatic conditions and cotton growth of Shihezi region, and there was no significant difference in cotton yield between PLA and PE.

  Effects of Top Dressing Types Under Mulch Drip Irrigation on Senescence and Yield of Peanut Qin Wenjie, Guo Runze, Zou Xiaoxia, Zhang Xiaojun, Yu Xiaona, Wang Yuefu, Si Tong 2021, 37 (7):  28-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0105 Abstract + ( 312 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 49 ) This paper aims to assess the effect of different kinds of fertilizers and their mutual application on increasing peanut yield, determine the appropriate types of fertilizer and their mutual application, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of fertilizer to achieve high yield and quality, and cost saving and efficiency increasing of peanut cultivation. Under the condition of mulching drip irrigation in field, nitrogen, calcium, boron and their combined application were conducted at the flower needle stage. The results showed that the application of nitrogen, boron, calcium and their combination increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, activities of SOD and POD, soluble protein content, while decreased the MDA content, delayed the senescence, increased the number of fruit per plant, the weight of 100 fruits, the weight of 100 kernels and the rate of kernel production, and finally increased the yield. However, the effect of single application of N, B and Ca was not as good as that of combined application, in which, the combined top dressing of N, B and Ca or N and Ca showed the best effect on photosynthetic property and protective enzyme activity, and the yield increase range was the largest, which was 26.51%-27.91% and 22.15%-22.18% higher than that of the control without top dressing, respectively.

  Classification and Quality Evaluation of Artificial Stands of Larix kaempferi in Hubei Li Bincheng, Xu Yezhou, Yuan Hui, Hou Yimei, Li Shuanglong, Song Huili, Du Chaoqun 2021, 37 (7):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0081 Abstract + ( 381 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 45 ) The aim is to establish a site classification and quality evaluation system of Larix kaempferi plantation in Hubei, to provide theoretical guidance for afforestation of L. kaempferi plantation. Based on the investigation and determination of 80 representative standard plots of L. kaempferi in Hubei, the site classification and site quality evaluation of L. kaempferi plantation were investigated by using principal component analysis and quantitative theory I. The results of principal component analysis showed that the five site factors, including elevation, thickness of soil layer, slope position, slope and aspect, were the dominant site factors affecting the growth of L. kaempferi and the cumulative contribution rate contained 84.803% of the total information. Quantitative analysis results showed that the number of complex correlations between the five dominant site factors and the benchmark variable fitting model R=0.7362. The meso-slope thick soil layer, middle elevation, sunny slope and mid-slope site conditions were more favorable for the growth of L. kaempferi. According to the factor contribution rate, the larch plantation in the study area were divided into 16 site types, and the 16 site types were evaluated according to the equivalent of excellent, good, medium and poor sites. The results showed that the quality of 90% sample sites in the study area belonged to the upper middle level, which was more suitable for the development of L. kaempferi.

  Effects of Exogenous H2O2 on Physiological Characteristics of Populus tomentosa Under Saline-alkali Stress Ren Jinlan 2021, 37 (7):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200093 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1186KB )   ( 53 ) By studying the influence of exogenous H2O2 on physiological characteristics of Populus tomentosa under saline-alkali stress, the paper aims to provide a theoretical basis to improve the afforestation of P. tomentosa in saline-alkali land. Under potted condition, four treatments were set including nutrient solution (control, H1), nutrient solution+NaHCO3+NaCl (H2), nutrient solution+NaHCO3+NaCl+H2O2(H3), and nutrient solution+H2O2 (H4), which were repeated for 3 times. The results showed that: the content of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, MDA and conductivity of P. tomentosa of H2 was significantly higher than those of H1, and the content of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide of H3 was significantly lower than those of H2, while the decrease of conductivity and MDA content was not significant, and there was no significant difference between H4 and H1; the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and APX of H2 was significantly higher than those of H1, increasing the content of AsA and GSH, H3 had an increase in the activity of protective enzyme and the activity of H2O2 scavenging system of P. tomentosa compared with H2, while H4 significantly increased the AsA content of P. tomentosa compared with H1; H2 significantly increased the content of soluble sugar of P. tomentosa compared with H1, while H3 decreased the soluble sugar content compared with H2; the content of soluble protein and free proline of P. tomentosa were increased by H1 compared with H2 and by H3 compared with H2. Through the comprehensive analysis, it is believed that exogenous H2O2 can stimulate the physiological response mechanism of P. tomentosa and alleviate salinity stress significantly.

  Effects of Key Planting Techniques on Treatment of Chlorosis of Blueberry ‘Britewell’ Leaves Mu Chan, Qian Rongqing, Yang Shaocong, Yao Zhaobing, Zhang Zhong, Li Chengchun, Shen Wenzhi, Fei Yong 2021, 37 (7):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300210 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1130KB )   ( 56 ) ing at the occurrence of plant physiological iron-deficiency chlorosis in the production of Yuxi blueberry, the blueberry variety ‘Britewell’ was taken as the test sample, and the field test and laboratory analysis were used to conduct the experimental study from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that the key techniques of blueberry planting, such as regulating soil acidity by acid microbial organic fertilizer+ blueberry soil improvement matrix, balancing the application of N, P, K fertilizer and fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, and applying chelated iron to soil and leaf surface, could significantly reduce the pH of blueberry rhizosphere soil and increase the active Fe content. Mild and moderate chlorosis plants were treated to be normal or basically normal plants, and severe chlorosis plants were treated to be mild to moderate chlorosis plants. The SPAD value and Fe and Mn content of leaves were significantly increased, the Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn ratio were decreased, the blueberry fruits were plump, and the hundred-grain weight was increased, which could provide scientific references for the treatment of physiological iron-deficiency chlorosis in blueberry production.

  Research on Smellscape Enhancement of Healthy Urban Green Space Wang Qingyi, Liu Bin, Jin Hexian 2021, 37 (7):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0700 Abstract + ( 411 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 56 ) This paper expounded the problems existed in current urban smellscape, proposed the countermeasures to improve urban smellscape by combining with health effect and cultural connotation of plants. The countermeasures included reconstructing city negative smell, paying attention to the different effects of plant volatiles on human health, highlighting a joint role of ‘multi sense’ (mobilizing multiple human organs simultaneously to enjoy the landscape) and building urban cultural smell memory, etc. Then several concrete examples were presented for the application of urban smellscape. In this way, urban smellscape can contribute to the construction of the living environment.

  Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Newly Collected Tobacco Germplasm Resources in Hainan Province Xiang Xiaohua, Li Yuan, Zhang Xingwei, Liu Guoxiang, Yang Jing, Zhao Wentao, Wen Gang, Shao Yu, Fan Jingyuan, Lv Hongkun 2021, 37 (7):  59-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0032 Abstract + ( 599 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 70 ) To catalogue and preserve 23 tobacco germplasm resources collected from Hainan Province, agronomic characters and genetic diversity of these tobacco germplasm resources were investigated, and the fingerprints were constructed. The results showed that the agronomic traits and qualitative traits of tested germplasms varied greatly. The coefficient of variation ranged from 20.69% to 29.41% in different agronomic traits. These collected tobacco germplasms were divided into 3 groups by clustering analysis. The germplasms from the second group were the tallest with the largest leaf, which could be used for high-yield breeding. In addition, 12 pairs of primers with specific amplification were screened from 2000 pairs of SSR primers, and 46 polymorphic bands were obtained. An average of 3.83 alleles was observed for each primer pair with the average heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.5301, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.4700. Shannon’s index was 0.8930, Nei’s index was 0.4593. The genetic diversity of the 23 tobacco germplasm resources was relatively abundant. These varieties were clustered into two groups at the genetic similarly coefficient of 0.206 by UPGMA cluster analysis. At the same time, 12 pairs of primers were used to construct the fingerprints of the 23 tobacco germplasm resources, which laid a theoretical foundation for the research on the identification system of sun-cured tobacco varieties. The study can provide reference for identification and utilization of sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources and selection of parent materials for cigar breeding.

  Effects of Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Shilin Stony Desertification Farmland Zhang Binyan, Li Xiaoying, Qin Wenjing, Lu Xingmei 2021, 37 (7):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0118 Abstract + ( 262 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 61 ) To investigate the effects of biomass biochar particle size and application ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in stony desertification farmland, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting and preparing soil conditioner and slow-release fertilizer carrier suitable for this area. In this experiment, rice husk biochar, rubber wood biochar, bamboo biochar with particle size of 0-1 mm (powdered biochar) and bamboo biochar with particle size of 1-3 mm (granular biochar) were selected, and four processing gradients (by carbon soil ratio of 1%, 3%, 5%) were set up for each biochar and non-biochar was taken as CK, 13 treatments in total, and the indoor pot and leaching experiments were carried out. The results showed that biomass biochar of different raw materials reduced the amount of infiltration water and soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and the effect on total nitrogen loss was better than that of total phosphorus loss. The water retention and nitrogen and phosphorus loss reduction of powdered bamboo biochar were better than that of granular biochar, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loss reduction rates of powder bamboo biochar were 15.9%-26.1% and 8.9%-19.9%, respectively, and that of granular bamboo biochar were 5.1%-21.3% and 5.3%-14.3%, respectively. Except granular bamboo biochar whose application ratio of 3% was the best, and the application ratio of 5% was the best for all other biochar treatments. 5% rubber wood biochar treatment had the best effect on increasing the dry weight of ginseng fruit, water conservation and nitrogen and phosphorus loss reduction. Therefore, rubber wood biochar is the most suitable soil conditioner and slow release fertilizer carrier in Shilin stony desertification farmland area.

  The Response of Soil Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activity to Water and Carbon Control Regulation in Paddy Fields Lin Xiuyan, Jiang Zewei, Chen Xi, Zhang Shuna, Dai Huidong, Yang Shihong 2021, 37 (7):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0242 Abstract + ( 507 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1203KB )   ( 49 ) To explore the changes of soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity in water and carbon control regulated paddy fields, the variation rules of soil microbial quantity, catalase activity and sucrase activity with soil depth under different water and carbon treatments were studied based on field and laboratory experiments. The results showed that with the increase of soil depth, soil catalase activity increased first and then decreased, and soil microbial quantity and soil sucrase activity decreased. Compared with conventional fertilization management, organic fertilizer and straw incorporation had no significant effect on soil catalase activity in paddy fields, while they had a greater impact on soil microbial quantity and soil sucrase activity. Compared with flooded irrigation, controlled irrigation improved soil catalase activity. Under different fertilization conditions, the effect of controlled irrigation on soil microbial quantity and soil sucrase activity in paddy fields was not consistent. In general, the combination of controlled irrigation with organic fertilizer application and straw incorporation could improve the amount of soil microbial quantity, catalase activity, and sucrase activity. Besides, the combined effect of controlled irrigation with organic fertilizer application was more prominent. When controlled irrigation was combined with organic fertilizer application and straw incorporation, the average values of soil colonies, soil catalase activity, and soil sucrase activity in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased by 1.73×105-3.83×105 and 2.33×104-2.43×105, 1.82%-4.14% and 2.95%-5.66%, 30.47%-64.25% and -25.04%-20.98%, respectively.

  Remediation Measures of Saline-alkali Land: A Review Yu Baole 2021, 37 (7):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300211 Abstract + ( 593 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 105 ) The research on ecological remediation of saline-alkali land is of great significance to saline-alkali land orderly utilization, the healthy development of agriculture and animal husbandry industry, and curbing the aggravation and expansion of soil salinization in some areas. This paper summarizes the literatures and reports on saline-alkali land improvement methods and technologies at home and abroad in recent years, analyzes the achievements of the research on saline-alkali land restoration and utilization. So far saline-alkali land improvement mainly includes engineering measures, chemical measures, biological measures and comprehensive measures. The application of different measures has achieved preferable results. To consolidate different measures to form the integrated saline-alkali land restoration technology system, constantly explore new materials and technologies, and extend the time line of evaluation and monitoring on the improvement effect will be the development direction of saline and alkali land restoration and utilization in the future.

  Analysis of the Natural Endowment of Agricultural Cultural Heritage Sites from the Perspective of Soil and Climate: A Case Study on Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System Tan Kaiyan, Min Qingwen, Wu Dingrong 2021, 37 (7):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0130 Abstract + ( 328 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1849KB )   ( 34 ) Kuancheng traditional chestnut cultivation system is recognized as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China. The chestnut cultivation in Kuancheng County has a long history and chestnut produced there is well known with excellent quality. To investigate the natural advantages and disadvantages of chestnut cultivation system in Kuancheng from the perspective of soil and climate, this paper analyzed the soil and climatic conditions in Kuancheng chestnut cultivation system based on the observation dataset of basic meteorological station and automatic meteorological stations in addition to the soil data gathered by specialized field sampling in the research area, the comprehensive climatic suitability for chestnut cultivation was evaluated. The results show that the soil in Kuancheng chestnut cultivation system is featured with proper pH, abundant organic matter, high N, K fertilizer and rich Fe, Mg, Mn and other trace elements content. Meanwhile, the solar radiation and heat resource in Kuancheng County are adequate to meet the needs of chestnut growth and fruit ripening, there is suitable precipitation during fruit growth and pretty large average diurnal temperature range during fruit maturity, which is beneficial to accumulation of sugar in fruits. A comprehensive assessment of climate conditions for suitability to chestnut cultivation suggests that most areas of Kuancheng County are well suitable for chestnut cultivation. However, precipitation scarcity in spring could limit chestnut yield in certain extent, appropriate spring irrigation measurement could greatly promote the potential of high-yield and high-quality chestnut production.

  Effect of 20% Nicosulfuron OD on Annual Weeds in Corn Field Hao Baoqiang, Ren Lirui, Cheng Hongyan, Cao Aocheng, Wang Qiuxia, Li Yuan, Yan Dongdong, Ouyang Canbin, Zhu Wenda 2021, 37 (7):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0043 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 77 ) To further clarify the control effect of nicosulfuron OD on annual weeds in corn field, the purpose of rational use was achieved. The effects of 20% nicosulfuron OD on the control of annual weeds in corn field and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and water in weeds were studied by field experiment. The experiment results showed that the application of 20% nicosulfuron OD had a significant effect on the control of annual weeds in corn field, and it had a good effect on the control of weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eclipta prostrata and Portulaca oleracea, and the total grass fresh weight control effect was 79.70% -93.23%. The control reduced the weeds’ consumption of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in corn field, and improved the water and fertilizer condition in corn field to some extent. Meanwhile, the yield of maize reached 7436.29-7791.29 kg/hm 2, and the yield increase was significant, 20.89%-26.66% higher than that of the blank control. The results show that the 20% nicosulfuron OD has a broad application prospect in the prevention and control of annual weeds in corn field, and the recommended dose is 45-60 g (a.i)/hm2.

  Preliminary Study on Physiological Characteristics and Disease Control Effect of Huanglong Vaccine (HB-1) in Tomato Seedling Stage Li Xurui, Hu Xuefang, Sun Hao, Pei Haisheng, Deng Zhongxian, Cao Jingxia, Wang Shikui 2021, 37 (7):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0039 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 37 ) To clarify the effects of Huanglong vaccine (HB-1) on tomato physiological characteristics and growth, tomato virus disease and early blight, through laboratory biological active determination experiments, we determined the effects of different concentrations of HB-1 on tomato apparent traits, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tomato leaf; through field experiments, the control efficiency of HB-1 on tomato virus disease and early blight was determined. The results of laboratory experiments showed that HB-1 diluted 1000-fold, 2000-fold, and 3000-fold solutions could significantly increase POD activity and reduce MDA content. Among them, compared with that of control, the POD activity was more than 7 times higher under 2000-fold treatment, and the disease resistance effect was extremely significant. HB-1 could significantly increase tomato seedling plant height, stem diameter and leaf number under the dilution of 1000-3000 folds, and promote tomato seedling growth. In field experiments, the HB-1 diluted 800-fold solution had a 96.40% and 70.30% control efficiency on tomato virus disease and early blight, respectively. It shows that HB-1 has a good control efficiency on tomato virus disease and early blight within the test dilution range, and could obviously promote the growth of tomato seedlings and increase POD activity. HB-1 is suitable for the prevention and treatment of tomato virus disease and early blight, and has certain development and promotion value.

  Screening of Malus miRNA: Mediated Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Zhang Yanan, Chen Xinhui, Zhang Jie 2021, 37 (7):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0519 Abstract + ( 417 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1544KB )   ( 51 ) To screen the response of related miRNAs after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection on genus Malus, the disease resistant variety Malus robusta and the susceptible variety ‘Gala’ were taken as test materials to cultivate the seedlings respectively by using the C. gloeosporioides spore suspension infection group. Two varieties were infected after 4 days. Total RNAs of plants were extracted, and miRNAs were reversed. On this basis, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the difference of two varieties in relative expression of disease resistance related miRNAs and predict the target genes. The expression levels of miR390a and miR396b/c/f were down-regulated in resistant varieties, while they were up-regulated in susceptible varieties. Moreover, their target genes had LRR receptor like serine/ threonine protein, and miR482b target genes were resistance protein. miR390a, miR482b and miR396b/c/f might play an important role in the infection of apple anthracnose.

  Optimization of Culture Medium and Fermentation Parameters of Bacillus cereus MA23 Antagonistic to Kiwifruit Canker Zhu Haiyun, Ma Yu, Ke Yang, Li Bo 2021, 37 (7):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0108 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 103 ) As an important biocontrol bacterium, Bacillus cereus MA23 exhibits good antagonistic effect on the pathogen of kiwifruit canker, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. To promote its application in the control of the diseases, it is necessary to improve the biomass and antimicrobial activity of strain MA23. Thus, orthogonal test and single factor experiment were selected for the optimization of culture medium and fermentation parameters. Through variance analysis of orthogonal experiment results, it was demonstrated that peptone, soluble starch, K2HPO4 and MgSO4 were highly significant factors, and NaNO3 was a significant factor while glucose was not a significant factor. These factors affected the test result in an order of soluble starch> K2HPO4> peptone> MgSO4> NaNO3> glucose, and A1B4C4D1E2F2 was determined as the optimal combination. So the optimal culture medium for MA23 was 0.8% glucose, 0.2% peptone, 3.5% soluble starch, 0.05% NaNO3, 0.2% K2HPO4, 0.2% MgSO4, 0.12% CaCO3, 0.035% MnSO4. After optimization of the medium, the biomass and antimicrobial activity of strain MA23 fermentation broth increased by 41% and 37.2%, respectively. After the single factor experiments, the optimal fermentation condition was determined as fellows: the initial pH of the medium was 6.5, the fermentation temperature was 30℃, the inoculation size was 8%, the liquid medium volume was 70 mL, and the rotation speed was 180 r/min. After optimization of fermentation conditions, the biomass and antimicrobial activity of strain MA23 fermentation broth increased by 28.2% and 25.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the biomass and antimicrobial activity of Bacillus cereus MA23 are improved significantly through optimization of culture medium and fermentation parameters, and this will lay the foundation for the further application of strain MA23.

  Effect of Far-infrared Light Withering on Enzyme Activities of Oxidases and Biochemical Quality of Black Tea Zhao Fei, Li Yuanli, Yang Yiyang, Li Ronglin, Yang Jianhua, Ma Shengzhou 2021, 37 (7):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0034 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 56 ) The effects of far-infrared light withering of different duration and intensities on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity,biochemical composition, and sensory quality of black tea were analyzed by single factor test based on the special photothermal effect of far-infrared and the advantages of light whitering in tea processing. The results showed that the PPO activity increased with the rise of the far-infrared light intensity, presented a downward trend after rising first with the extension of far-infrared light time; the change of POD activity was consistent with the change of PPO activity, and compared with the control group, the activity of PPO and POD in withering leaves of 15 W/m 2 far-infrared light treatment for 3 h increased by 14.4% and 23.5% respectively, the amino acid content of black tea increased by 8.4%, the total amount of tea polyphenols decreased by 14.3%, the content of theaflavin increased by 20.5%, the content of thearubigins increased by 11.9%, and the sensory evaluation score was the highest. The experiment optimizes the process parameters of far-infrared radiation withering and provides a theoretical basis for the application of far-infrared radiation in black tea processing.

  Flavonoids from Fujian Bergamot: Ultrasonicly Extracting Technology and Its Antioxidation Properties Huang Jing, Chen Chan, Huang Xiaomei 2021, 37 (7):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0095 Abstract + ( 379 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1316KB )   ( 82 ) The paper aims to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Fujian bergamot by ultrasonicly method and study its antioxidation activity. The extraction process condition optimized by orthogonal experiments is: under the double frequency of ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz and 80 kHz, the ratio of material to liquid of 1:35 (g:mL), the ethanol concentration of 60%, the ultrasonic power and ultrasonic temperature of 50 W and 50℃ respectively, and the extraction time of 80 min, the extraction yield of flavonoids could reach the highest of 3.33%. The scavenging effect of Fujian bergamot flavonoids on ·OH and O2-·are obvious and effective, but the antioxidant activity is weaker than that of Vc. When the solubility of Fujian bergamot flavonoids is 1.4 mg/mL, the scavenging rate is 54.4% and 39.2%, respectively.

  Deep Processing and Bioactivity Study of Lentinus edodes: Research Progress Cui Guomei, Xu Fangfang, Li Shunfeng, Wei Shuxin, Liu Lina, Wang Anjian 2021, 37 (7):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0049 Abstract + ( 854 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 155 ) The study introduced the nutritional components and active ingredients, deep processing and biological activity of Lentinus edodes, summarized current situation of intensive processing of L. edodes as leisure food, seasoning and flavor food, and summed up the research and utilization of active substances of L. edodes such as lentinan, L. edodes purine and L. edodes polypeptide, aiming to provide reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of L. edodes resources. It is found that the intensive processing capacity of domestic L. edodes products is obviously insufficient, and the extraction and application of active substances have obvious shortfall, which restrict the healthy development of L. edodes industry. To transform the resource advantage of L. edodes into economic advantage, it is necessary to take the path of deep processing, especially to develop high value-added products with functional activity.

  Leaf Disease Recognition of Horticultural Crops Based on Transfer Learning and Its Application Li Bo, Jiang Zhaohui, Xie Jun, Rao Yuan, Zhang Wu 2021, 37 (7):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0430 Abstract + ( 396 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1449KB )   ( 107 ) To provide farmers with recognition services for horticultural crop leaf disease more conveniently and economically, a model training method based on transfer learning and a Web deployment method based on Flask are proposed. The PlantVillage dataset is preprocessed, and three recognition models are obtained by transfer learning using ResNet18, ResNet50 and ResNet152 models. Then, these three models are deployed to the server using Flask. The average recognition accuracy of the three models for 26 leaf diseases of 14 horticultural crops, such as apple, is 95.61%, 96.63% and 97.33%, respectively, and the recognition time of a single image is 10.9, 17.9 and 33.7 ms, respectively. Considering the characteristics of the model and users’ expectation, three fast, standard and accurate recognition patterns are designed to realize the stable operation of the deep model in the server, which has some practical value.

  Supply and Demand of Tilapia Industry in China Dai Yunyun, Yuan Yongming, Yuan Yuan, Zhang Hongyan 2021, 37 (7):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0119 Abstract + ( 342 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 88 ) From the perspective of supply and demand, this paper analyzed the current status, characteristics, existing problems and future development trends of the tilapia industry. The development of tilapia supply and demand is characterized by a high concentration of supply and scattered domestic consumption; products are mainly supplied to the international market and highly dependent on foreign countries; demanding countries are diversified and trade volume is greatly affected by the US market. China's tilapia demand has changed significantly, especially due to the uncertainty of the US market, which has caused a partial surplus of tilapia supply. It is expected that the demand for tilapia would decline significantly in the future, but this decline will be alleviated after the impact of COVID-19 and the demand will continue to grow. Due to market uncertainty and other reasons, China’s tilapia supply will increase at a low level, or even decrease.

  MicroRNAs in Sea Urchins and Sea Cucumbers: A Review Yin Wenlu, Liu Li, Zhao Tanjun, Han Senrong, Song Jian, Li Yingying, Chang Yaqing, Zhan Yaoyao 2021, 37 (7):  150-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0154 Abstract + ( 484 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1834KB )   ( 47 ) MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a class of short endogenous non-coding RNAs (NcRNAs) about 20 nucleotides (nt) in length. It has been well documented that miRNAs are vital regulators of post transcriptional regulation of genes in most eukaryotes involving in growth and development, cell differentiation and immune defense. Sea urchins and sea cucumbers belong to echinoderms which are higher marine invertebrates. They are not only important model organisms for studying the evolution of invertebrates to vertebrates, but also important fishery resources with high economic value. In recent years, exploring the regulatory functions and mechanisms of various miRNAs in the physiological and metabolic process of sea urchins and sea cucumbers has gradually become a hotspot in the field of sea urchin and sea cucumber research. In this paper, we reviewed the research results and progress of miRNAs in sea urchins and sea cucumbers in recent years, aiming to further enrich and improve the data system of miRNAs in sea urchins and sea cucumbers, as well as, provide reference materials for systematically understanding the sequence characteristics, biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in regulating important physiological metabolism processes in sea urchins and sea cucumbers.

  Pollution Status of Pesticides in Water-Sediment-Organisms: A Review Chen Feng, Meng Shunlong, Chen Jiazhang 2021, 37 (7):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0019 Abstract + ( 474 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1115KB )   ( 82 ) In China, more and more lakes are polluted by human activities, among which, the lakes polluted by pesticides account for a large proportion. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of lakes’ pollution by pesticides and its mechanism is very crucial for the ecological restoration of the lakes. The paper briefly introduced common pesticide residues in daily life, summarized the residue amount of pesticides in sediments, water and organisms, and studied the distribution characteristics of pesticide residues in sediment-water-organisms. The sources and ecological risks of pesticides in water-sediment-organisms were explained. In the aquatic environment pesticide pollution of water bodies, sediments, and aquatic organisms, organochlorine and organophosphate account for a major part. Organochlorine pollution mainly comes from historical and current use of pesticides. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver, kidney and muscle of crucian carps are significantly inhibited by pesticide contamination. Among the distribution status of pesticides in water, sediments and aquatic organisms, aquatic organisms have the highest pesticide residues. Some lakes in China have already had low ecological risks, pesticide residues are detected in water, sediments and organisms, and the accumulation of pesticide residues has been observed.