Effects of Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Potato Tuber Quality

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0598

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on soil and potato, explore the impact on soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato, and propose a suitable organic substitution ratio, so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In Xiji County, Guyuan City of Ningxia in 2022, five treatments, CK (single fertilizer), T₁ (organic alternative fertilizer 20%), T₂ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 40%), T₃ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 60%) and T₄ (single application of organic fertilizer), were set up to analyze the relationship between soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato using the ‘Qingshu 9’ potato variety as the test material. The results showed that (1) compared with CK and T₄, the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of other treatments were increased to varying degrees, and the effect of increasing the content of available potassium was the most significant, increasing by 13.86%-37.74% and 2.55%-42.10%, respectively. (2) The soil enzyme activity of soil depth of 0-20 cm was slightly higher than that of 20-40 cm, and compared with CK and T₄, the soil enzyme activity of organic fertilizer of other treatments was improved, and the index of alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest, compared with CK, 0-20 and 20-40 cm increased by 3.74%-56.11%, 2.02%-55.90%, respectively; compared with T₄ treatment, it increased by 7.57%-64.94% and 8.56%-50.57%. (3) Compared with CK and T₄ treatment, organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer treatments improved the quality content of potato tubers. (4) Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrient content, and the increase of soil nutrient content promoted the improvement of enzyme activity. The stepwise linear regression equations of soil nutrient content, enzyme activity and potato quality showed that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase and 20-40 cm catalase activities could be explained by the correlation with potato quality. The replacement of partial chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content, enhance soil enzyme activity and improve potato quality, among which the replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer had the most significant effect.

Key words: potato, replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, tuber quality

DING Yuping, MA Tao, YANG Yongsen, LIU Jili, ZHE Yongqing, WU Na. Effects of Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Potato Tuber Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(19): 76-85.

Figures/Tables 22

References 24

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土层/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	EC	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH
0~20	8.52	0.60	0.58	42.54	22.88	357.78	8.62
20~40	8.35	0.56	0.64	41.33	20.08	340.77	8.76

土层/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	EC	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH
0~20	8.52	0.60	0.58	42.54	22.88	357.78	8.62
20~40	8.35	0.56	0.64	41.33	20.08	340.77	8.76

处理	有机肥	化肥			养分含量
处理	有机肥	尿素	过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总养分
CK	0	485	563	115	225	90	60	375
T₁	2451	388	450	92	220	94	61	375
T₂	4902	291	338	69	215	99	61	375
T₃	7353	194	225	46	210	103	62	375
T₄	12255	0	0	0	200	111	64	375

处理	有机肥	化肥			养分含量
处理	有机肥	尿素	过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总养分
CK	0	485	563	115	225	90	60	375
T₁	2451	388	450	92	220	94	61	375
T₂	4902	291	338	69	215	99	61	375
T₃	7353	194	225	46	210	103	62	375
T₄	12255	0	0	0	200	111	64	375

变异来源	酶活性
施肥处理	^**
生育时期	^**
土层深度	^**
施肥处理×生育时期
施肥处理×土层深度
生育时期×土层深度	^**
施肥处理×生育时期×土层深度	^**