Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Their Ecological Stoichiometry Ratios in Orchards

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0536

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the soil nutrients and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers in replanted and no replanted orchards, control (CK), biological fertilizer (F), soil conditioner (M) and combination application (FM) were set up in this study. The results showed that compared with the value before improvement, the contents of soil TC, OC, TN, NO₃^--N -N, TP and AP were increased, while the contents of soil NH₄⁺-N was decreased under the CK, F, M and FM treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchards. Compared with CK, F treatment significantly increased the contents of soil TC and NO₃^--N in 0-20 cm in the replanted orchard, and significantly increased the contents of soil TC, OC, TN and NO₃^--N in 0-20 cm and soil TP and AP in 0-60 cm in no replanted orchard. The distribution ranged of C:N, C:P, N:P were 14.21-17.97, 94.50-120.40, 5.60-7.68 in the replanted orchard and were 13.69-17.78, 65.49-107.06, 4.39-7.02 in no replanted orchard, respectively. Soil C:N was significantly decreased in the 0-20 cm by CK and F treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchard. Compared with CK, soil C:P and N:P were significantly decreased in the F, M and FM treatments caused by higher TP in no replanted orchard. Taking soil quality and improvement effect into consideration, the application of 1500 kg/hm² bio-fertilizer only had the best soil improvement effect on the soil nutrients in the replanted and no replanted orchards, indicating that bio-fertilizer had a lot of application potential in the soil improvement of replanted orchards and new orchards, but it was not recommended to apply soil conditioner and bio-fertilizer together.

Key words: soil conditioner, bio-fertilizer, soil nutrients, stoichiometric characteristics

ZHANG Fengchuan, WANG Pu, LU Yijun, XU Hong, ZHANG Wenjun, HUANG Chenxiang, LU Xingrong. Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Their Ecological Stoichiometry Ratios in Orchards[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(19): 86-93.

Figures/Tables 6

References 26

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土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%
0~20	改良前	15.19±0.21c	6.21±0.97b	40.87	14.93±0.42b	5.82±0.78b	39.01
	CK	18.04±1.23b	8.67±1.26ab	48.05	13.96±0.72b	5.78±0.38b	41.40
	F	20.21±0.94a	10.59±0.99a	52.42	16.82±0.8a	8.24±0.5a	48.99
	M	16.15±0.55bc	6.31±0.51b	39.08	15.51±0.35ab	6.93±0.4ab	44.70
	FM	15.96±0.16bc	7.5±1.23ab	47.02	14.06±0.63b	5.36±0.51b	38.13
20~40	改良前	12.27±0.72c	4.17±1.08b	33.96	13.03±0.89a	3.70±0.41b	28.44
	CK	16.07±1.02ab	6.34±1.23ab	39.47	12.76±0.65a	5.01±0.23ab	39.30
	F	17.38±0.12a	7.79±0.32a	44.83	15.51±1.56a	7.43±0.96a	47.89
	M	16.59±0.4ab	7.96±0.79a	47.98	15.41±0.8a	7.09±1.43a	45.98
	FM	14.71±0.29b	4.94±0.33ab	33.60	13.43±0.77a	5.37±0.78ab	39.99
40~60	改良前	11.41±0.43b	3.04±0.35a	26.66	10.28±0.76c	3.11±0.33b	30.20
	CK	14.63±1.91a	5.09±2.23a	34.81	11.9±0.27bc	3.94±0.26b	33.13
	F	15.29±0.92a	6.28±1.62a	41.04	13.78±1.35ab	5.57±0.73a	40.41
	M	13.88±0.79ab	4.35±0.57a	31.32	14.57±0.27a	5.69±0.12a	39.04
	FM	13.39±0.8ab	5.44±1.08a	40.66	11.29±0.41bc	4.35±0.64ab	38.50

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%
0~20	改良前	15.19±0.21c	6.21±0.97b	40.87	14.93±0.42b	5.82±0.78b	39.01
	CK	18.04±1.23b	8.67±1.26ab	48.05	13.96±0.72b	5.78±0.38b	41.40
	F	20.21±0.94a	10.59±0.99a	52.42	16.82±0.8a	8.24±0.5a	48.99
	M	16.15±0.55bc	6.31±0.51b	39.08	15.51±0.35ab	6.93±0.4ab	44.70
	FM	15.96±0.16bc	7.5±1.23ab	47.02	14.06±0.63b	5.36±0.51b	38.13
20~40	改良前	12.27±0.72c	4.17±1.08b	33.96	13.03±0.89a	3.70±0.41b	28.44
	CK	16.07±1.02ab	6.34±1.23ab	39.47	12.76±0.65a	5.01±0.23ab	39.30
	F	17.38±0.12a	7.79±0.32a	44.83	15.51±1.56a	7.43±0.96a	47.89
	M	16.59±0.4ab	7.96±0.79a	47.98	15.41±0.8a	7.09±1.43a	45.98
	FM	14.71±0.29b	4.94±0.33ab	33.60	13.43±0.77a	5.37±0.78ab	39.99
40~60	改良前	11.41±0.43b	3.04±0.35a	26.66	10.28±0.76c	3.11±0.33b	30.20
	CK	14.63±1.91a	5.09±2.23a	34.81	11.9±0.27bc	3.94±0.26b	33.13
	F	15.29±0.92a	6.28±1.62a	41.04	13.78±1.35ab	5.57±0.73a	40.41
	M	13.88±0.79ab	4.35±0.57a	31.32	14.57±0.27a	5.69±0.12a	39.04
	FM	13.39±0.8ab	5.44±1.08a	40.66	11.29±0.41bc	4.35±0.64ab	38.50

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	0.87±0.06c	7.13±0.63a	4.03±0.12d	0.94±0.02b	6.52±0.19a	4.34±0.09b
	CK	1.28±0.15ab	3.41±0.13b	4.72±0.19bc	0.97±0.09b	4.41±0.18b	4.07±0.16b
	F	1.43±0.1a	4.29±0.06b	5.18±0.28ab	1.23±0.08a	5.01±0.23b	5.91±0.48a
	M	0.96±0.02c	3.38±0.06b	4.15±0.26cd	1.04±0.04b	4.82±0.13b	4.32±0.26b
	FM	1.01±0.01bc	3.86±0.06b	5.49±0.35a	0.87±0.03b	4.93±0.16b	4.33±0.43b
20~40	改良前	0.7±0.06c	7.02±0.31a	3.69±0.13b	0.74±0.04a	6.6±0.28a	4.35±0.26a
	CK	1.07±0.11ab	3.04±0.19c	4.63±0.02a	0.77±0.01a	4.19±0.37b	4.49±0.33a
	F	1.13±0.03a	3.96±0.07b	4.86±0.25a	1.01±0.11a	5.08±0.26b	5.12±0.09a
	M	1.02±0.03ab	3.49±0.14bc	5.23±0.38a	0.98±0.11a	4.69±0.49b	4.91±0.37a
	FM	0.89±0.04bc	3.78±0.09bc	5.15±0.41a	0.96±0.18a	5.00±0.27b	5.08±0.12a
40~60	改良前	0.69±0.02b	6.55±0.78a	3.75±0.05b	0.58±0.02c	6.03±0.28a	3.82±0.03b
	CK	0.88±0.2ab	3.49±0.25b	4.12±0.12b	0.7±0.02b	4.53±0.18b	4.27±0.30ab
	F	0.94±0.08a	3.84±0.06b	4.97±0.26a	0.89±0.07a	4.71±0.15b	4.74±0.39a
	M	0.81±0.03ab	3.56±0.2b	5.27±0.38a	0.91±0.03a	4.54±0.21b	4.72±0.16a
	FM	0.79±0.04ab	3.90±0.12b	4.25±0.1b	0.70±0.02b	4.57±0.05b	4.90±0.12a

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	0.87±0.06c	7.13±0.63a	4.03±0.12d	0.94±0.02b	6.52±0.19a	4.34±0.09b
	CK	1.28±0.15ab	3.41±0.13b	4.72±0.19bc	0.97±0.09b	4.41±0.18b	4.07±0.16b
	F	1.43±0.1a	4.29±0.06b	5.18±0.28ab	1.23±0.08a	5.01±0.23b	5.91±0.48a
	M	0.96±0.02c	3.38±0.06b	4.15±0.26cd	1.04±0.04b	4.82±0.13b	4.32±0.26b
	FM	1.01±0.01bc	3.86±0.06b	5.49±0.35a	0.87±0.03b	4.93±0.16b	4.33±0.43b
20~40	改良前	0.7±0.06c	7.02±0.31a	3.69±0.13b	0.74±0.04a	6.6±0.28a	4.35±0.26a
	CK	1.07±0.11ab	3.04±0.19c	4.63±0.02a	0.77±0.01a	4.19±0.37b	4.49±0.33a
	F	1.13±0.03a	3.96±0.07b	4.86±0.25a	1.01±0.11a	5.08±0.26b	5.12±0.09a
	M	1.02±0.03ab	3.49±0.14bc	5.23±0.38a	0.98±0.11a	4.69±0.49b	4.91±0.37a
	FM	0.89±0.04bc	3.78±0.09bc	5.15±0.41a	0.96±0.18a	5.00±0.27b	5.08±0.12a
40~60	改良前	0.69±0.02b	6.55±0.78a	3.75±0.05b	0.58±0.02c	6.03±0.28a	3.82±0.03b
	CK	0.88±0.2ab	3.49±0.25b	4.12±0.12b	0.7±0.02b	4.53±0.18b	4.27±0.30ab
	F	0.94±0.08a	3.84±0.06b	4.97±0.26a	0.89±0.07a	4.71±0.15b	4.74±0.39a
	M	0.81±0.03ab	3.56±0.2b	5.27±0.38a	0.91±0.03a	4.54±0.21b	4.72±0.16a
	FM	0.79±0.04ab	3.90±0.12b	4.25±0.1b	0.70±0.02b	4.57±0.05b	4.90±0.12a

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TP/(mg/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	OP/(mg/kg)	TP/(mg/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	OP/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	146.44±7.64b	96.74±11.35bc	49.69±12.17a	140.21±4.73b	51.47±6.63c	88.74±6.39a
	CK	166.87±11.7ab	117.83±2.4ab	49.04±13.76a	138.44±8.99b	59.88±8.16c	78.56±16.76a
	F	185.45±2.58a	136.41±6.11a	49.04±5.33a	214.81±10.43a	155.54±12.36a	59.27±17.82a
	M	144.50±4.24b	83.86±14.21c	60.65±10.23a	239.18±18.83a	152.07±8a	87.11±14.6a
	FM	168.85±1.07a	130.77±6.63a	38.08±5.57a	160.31±8.48b	101.20±11.51b	59.11±13.21a
20~40	改良前	125.20±6.16b	46.15±6.83b	79.04±5.79a	127.85±4.75b	33.24±4.76c	94.61±2.78a
	CK	164.01±5.43a	95.17±12.13a	68.84±10.78a	130.16±2.03b	48.47±9.14bc	81.69±9.78a
	F	164.80±14.7a	98.20±7.15a	66.61±17.5a	201.76±34.11a	142.66±19.13a	59.11±26.34a
	M	150.35±4.68ab	85.67±13.13a	64.68±9.74a	196.69±25.72a	133.91±6.58a	62.78±22.78a
	FM	158.50±18.13a	103.65±1.21a	54.84±16.93a	136.82±4.15b	65.04±6.53b	71.78±4.92a
40~60	改良前	117.73±3.78a	38.41±2.59b	79.32±5.28a	120.00±8.94b	28.89±0.35b	91.11±8.81a
	CK	134.80±2.25a	51.94±15.31ab	82.85±13.55a	111.95±6.22b	35.90±4.25b	76.05±2.04a
	F	148.21±16.98a	73.51±10.71a	74.70±13.77a	202.62±40.69a	123.52±20.72a	79.11±21.59a
	M	117.60±15.32a	58.77±12.19ab	58.83±3.37a	158.76±33.27a	104.24±20.27a	54.52±16.67a
	FM	133.82±18.78a	78.53±3.09a	55.30±16.11a	116.5±2.51b	46.97±13.67b	69.53±14.62a