Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria of Eggplant Soil Borne Diseases and Control Effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0730

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the types of eggplant soil-borne diseases and the antagonistic effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 on eggplant, the pathogen of eggplant wilt disease was isolated and purified by tissue separation method, and its pathogenicity was verified by soil inoculation. The pathogen of wilt disease was identified by combining morphology and molecular biology. The effects of C. globosum CEF-082 and fermentation broth on the hyphal growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogen were determined by confrontation culture method, drug containing medium method, and microscopic observation method. The control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on eggplant soil borne diseases was clarified through pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing eggplant wilting were Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium solani and Phomopsis vexans. The inhibitory effect of C. globosum CEF-082 and its fermentation broth had significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth and spore germination of V. dahliae and F. solani, while the inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of P. vexans was moderate. The inhibitory rates of the 10% fermentation broth on spore germination of V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans were 70.63%, 69.93% and 67.69%, respectively. In the pot experiments, within 30 days after application, the control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant ranged from 46.95% to 55.68%, 39.44% to 46.43%, and 71.78% to 95.19%, respectively. In conclusion, C. globosum CEF-082 has significant antagonistic and control effects on V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans, providing a new approach for the green control of soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant.

Key words: Chaetomium globosum, soil-borne pathogens, eggplant Verticillium wilt, eggplant root rot, Phomopsis vexans, antagonism, control effect

LI Wenyan, ZHOU Jinglong, ZHANG Yalin, ZHAO Lihong, FENG Hongjie, WEI Feng, WANG Chaoyang, ZHU Heqin, FENG Zili. Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria of Eggplant Soil Borne Diseases and Control Effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(24): 111-118.

Figures/Tables 5

References 27

[1]	王锦秀. 《植物名实图考》中一些百合科植物考证兼论茄子在中国的栽培起源和传播[D]. 北京: 中国科学院植物研究所, 2005.
[2]	韩顺国. 茄子黄萎病及防治研究[J]. 种子科技, 2022, 40(15):106-108.
[3]	陆景倩, 郎剑锋, 杨秋侠, 等. 解淀粉芽孢杆菌对植物土传病害的作用机制[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(12):5-10.
[4]	张礼生, 陈红印. 生物防治作用物研发与应用的进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2014, 30(5):581-586.
[5]	杜华, 王玲, 孙炳剑, 等. 防治植物病害的生物农药研究开发进展[J]. 河南农业科学, 2004, 33(9):3942.
[6]	MOJIBURR K, FIONAM D. Bacteriummediated control of Fusarium head blight disease of wheat and barley and associated mycotoxin contamination of grain[J]. Biological control, 2009, 48(1):4247.
[7]	刘晓芸. 对致病疫霉具拮抗作用的真菌XF的鉴定及抑菌活性研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2007.
[8]	张芸. 棉花内生真菌对棉花黄萎病的控制作用及机理研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[9]	张芸, 冯自力, 冯鸿杰, 等. 内生球毛壳属真菌CEF-082对棉花黄萎病的控制作用[J]. 植物病理学报, 2016, 46(5):697-706. doi: 10.13926/j.cnki.apps.2016.05.015
[10]	姜成. 球毛壳菌素A的合成调控及发酵条件优化[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2017.
[11]	周晓慧, 刘军, 江蛟, 等. 引起茄子黄化萎蔫病原菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(12):127-129.
[12]	方中达. 植病研究法[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001.
[13]	卢丹丹, 郑鼎玉, 陈婕, 等. 北桑寄生内生真菌的分离及其次级代谢产物分析[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2020, 32(3):447-452.
[14]	渠非. 木瓜海棠内生球毛壳菌MG2对苹果树腐烂病的生防作用研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2022.
[15]	孟娜, 汤斌, 黄晓东, 等. 4种木霉菌对棉花黄萎病菌抑制作用的测定[J]. 生物学杂志, 2007, 24(4):58-61.
[16]	马金慧, 杨克泽, 吴之涛, 等. 14种杀菌剂对玉米藤仓镰孢菌室内毒力测定[J]. 山东农业科学, 2020, 52(3):102-106.
[17]	唐婕, 陈健鑫, 尼玛此姆, 等. 栽培墨兰根腐病病原鉴定与生防菌筛选[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(19):128-133. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0239
[18]	王帅, 刘召阳, 高小宁, 等. 10种生物源杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的室内活性评价[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2019, 34(1):150-156.
[19]	李丽, 张树武, 陈大为, 等. 5种矿物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌室内防效评价[J]. 植物保护, 2019, 45(2):247-252.
[20]	于善增. 日光温室茄子优质高产栽培技术[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2022(6):173-175.
[21]	张德政, 朱荷琴, 冯自力, 等. “入田”拌种对棉花枯黄萎病的防治效果[J]. 中国棉花, 2020, 47(2):30-33. doi: 1000-632X.zdzpj.20200214
[22]	程功, 张国财, 张欣倩, 等. 植物内生菌生物防治作用机制的探讨[J]. 中国林副特产, 2011(2):77-80.
[23]	米士伟. 球毛壳ND35在宿主植物上的侵染定殖及其菌肥研制初探[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2012.
[24]	印容. 球毛壳菌对油菜根肿病拮抗机制的研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2014.
[25]	TIAN Y, FU X, ZHANG G, et al. Mechanisms in growth-promoting of cucumber by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum strain ND35[J]. Journal of fungi, 2022, 8(2):180.
[26]	冯超红, 李丽娟, 张姣姣, 等. 球毛壳菌促生防病机制及应用研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(4):961-969. doi: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.043
[27]	LI H Q, LI X J, WANG Y L, et al. Antifungal metabolites from Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus in ginkgo biloba[J]. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 2011, 39(4-6):876-879.

病菌	发酵液浓度/%	菌落直径/cm	抑制率/%
黄萎病	0.0	8.49±0.01a
	0.5	5.55±0.26b	36.75±3.31c
	1.0	5.20±0.13c	41.13±1.66b
	2.0	5.18±0.03c	41.33±0.36b
	5.0	4.55±0.10d	49.25±1.25a
	10.0	4.63±0.13d	48.21±1.58a
根腐病	0.0	8.49±0.02a
	0.5	5.82±0.10b	33.41±1.30c
	1.0	5.38±0.16c	38.83±2.01b
	2.0	5.37±0.08c	39.04±0.95b
	5.0	4.75±0.2d	46.75±2.50a
	10.0	5.08±0.28c	42.58±3.44b
褐纹病	0.0	8.48±0.01a
	0.5	6.20±0.17b	28.5±2.17d
	1.0	5.87±0.08bc	32.67±0.95cd
	2.0	5.55±0.30cd	36.63±3.80bc
	5.0	4.92±0.21e	44.54±2.60a
	10.0	5.23±0.23de	40.59±2.89ab

病菌	发酵液浓度/%	菌落直径/cm	抑制率/%
黄萎病	0.0	8.49±0.01a
	0.5	5.55±0.26b	36.75±3.31c
	1.0	5.20±0.13c	41.13±1.66b
	2.0	5.18±0.03c	41.33±0.36b
	5.0	4.55±0.10d	49.25±1.25a
	10.0	4.63±0.13d	48.21±1.58a
根腐病	0.0	8.49±0.02a
	0.5	5.82±0.10b	33.41±1.30c
	1.0	5.38±0.16c	38.83±2.01b
	2.0	5.37±0.08c	39.04±0.95b
	5.0	4.75±0.2d	46.75±2.50a
	10.0	5.08±0.28c	42.58±3.44b
褐纹病	0.0	8.48±0.01a
	0.5	6.20±0.17b	28.5±2.17d
	1.0	5.87±0.08bc	32.67±0.95cd
	2.0	5.55±0.30cd	36.63±3.80bc
	5.0	4.92±0.21e	44.54±2.60a
	10.0	5.23±0.23de	40.59±2.89ab

病原菌	处理组序号	药后10 d		药后20 d		药后30 d
病原菌	处理组序号	病情指数	防治效果/%	病情指数	防治效果/%	病情指数	防治效果/%
黄萎病	1	12.50	41.64d	27.27	55.68c	56.82	34.34d
	2	12.50	41.64d	35.42	42.45h	62.50	27.77h
	3	11.36	46.95b	34.09	44.60f	60.42	30.18g
	4	11.67	45.53c	28.33	53.96d	48.33	44.14a
	5	13.89	35.16f	35.94	41.60i	58.93	31.90f
	6	13.16	38.57e	35.00	43.13g	58.33	32.59e
	7	15.91	25.73h	31.25	49.22e	65.00	24.88i
	8	14.58	31.92g	20.83	66.15a	52.27	39.59c
	9	10.00	53.31a	21.67	64.79b	51.67	40.29b
	10(CK)	21.43		61.54		86.54
根腐病	1	26.79	39.44a	28.85	40.01a	33.93	32.14e
	2	29.17	34.06d	31.25	35.01d	34.09	31.82f
	3	26.92	39.13b	30.77	36.01c	32.69	34.62c
	4	26.79	39.44a	30.36	36.87b	26.79	46.43a
	5	32.14	27.33f	33.93	29.44h	32.14	35.71b
	6	32.69	26.09g	34.62	28.01i	32.69	34.62c
	7	29.41	33.50e	32.35	32.72f	33.82	32.35d
	8	27.27	38.34c	31.82	33.83e	34.09	31.82f
	9	29.17	34.06d	33.33	30.68g	35.42	29.17g
	10(CK)	44.23		48.08		50.00
褐纹病	1	3.13	95.19a	14.06	81.66b	31.67	58.76g
	2	6.25	90.38d	20.00	73.91d	21.67	71.78c
	3	5.36	91.76c	30.77	59.87i	32.69	57.43h
	4	10.42	83.97e	22.92	70.11f	28.57	62.79f
	5	12.5	80.77g	26.79	65.06g	26.79	65.12e
	6	17.31	73.37h	30.36	60.41h	28.57	62.79f
	7	5.36	91.76c	12.50	83.70a	17.86	76.75a
	8	3.57	94.51b	17.86	76.71c	22.92	70.16d
	9	11.54	82.25f	20.83	72.83e	21.15	72.45b
	10(CK)	65.00		76.67		76.79

病原菌	处理组序号	药后10 d		药后20 d		药后30 d
病原菌	处理组序号	病情指数	防治效果/%	病情指数	防治效果/%	病情指数	防治效果/%
黄萎病	1	12.50	41.64d	27.27	55.68c	56.82	34.34d
	2	12.50	41.64d	35.42	42.45h	62.50	27.77h
	3	11.36	46.95b	34.09	44.60f	60.42	30.18g
	4	11.67	45.53c	28.33	53.96d	48.33	44.14a
	5	13.89	35.16f	35.94	41.60i	58.93	31.90f
	6	13.16	38.57e	35.00	43.13g	58.33	32.59e
	7	15.91	25.73h	31.25	49.22e	65.00	24.88i
	8	14.58	31.92g	20.83	66.15a	52.27	39.59c
	9	10.00	53.31a	21.67	64.79b	51.67	40.29b
	10(CK)	21.43		61.54		86.54
根腐病	1	26.79	39.44a	28.85	40.01a	33.93	32.14e
	2	29.17	34.06d	31.25	35.01d	34.09	31.82f
	3	26.92	39.13b	30.77	36.01c	32.69	34.62c
	4	26.79	39.44a	30.36	36.87b	26.79	46.43a
	5	32.14	27.33f	33.93	29.44h	32.14	35.71b
	6	32.69	26.09g	34.62	28.01i	32.69	34.62c
	7	29.41	33.50e	32.35	32.72f	33.82	32.35d
	8	27.27	38.34c	31.82	33.83e	34.09	31.82f
	9	29.17	34.06d	33.33	30.68g	35.42	29.17g
	10(CK)	44.23		48.08		50.00
褐纹病	1	3.13	95.19a	14.06	81.66b	31.67	58.76g
	2	6.25	90.38d	20.00	73.91d	21.67	71.78c
	3	5.36	91.76c	30.77	59.87i	32.69	57.43h
	4	10.42	83.97e	22.92	70.11f	28.57	62.79f
	5	12.5	80.77g	26.79	65.06g	26.79	65.12e
	6	17.31	73.37h	30.36	60.41h	28.57	62.79f
	7	5.36	91.76c	12.50	83.70a	17.86	76.75a
	8	3.57	94.51b	17.86	76.71c	22.92	70.16d
	9	11.54	82.25f	20.83	72.83e	21.15	72.45b
	10(CK)	65.00		76.67		76.79