Evaluation of Agronomic, Economic and Environmental Effects of Special Fertilizer on Oolong Tea

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0431

Abstract

Abstract:

To solve the problem of excessive fertilization input in Tie Guanyin tea garden, a field experiment was conducted in Anxi County to analyze the effects of different fertilization modes (farmers’ practice, optimized fertilization and special fertilizer treatment) on yield, quality, nutrient absorption and environmental cost of Tie Guanyin tea garden from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that: (1) compared with the farmers’ practice (FP), the yield, economic benefit, NPK concentration of young shoot and nutrient take away amount of the optimized fertilization (Opt-_NPK) had no significant difference, the special fertilizer treatment (SF) of oolong tea significantly increased bud density compared with the optimized fertilization treatment; (2) compared with the FP treatment, the partial productivity of NPK fertilizers in the Opt-_NPK treatment increased by 63.8%, 112.4% and 106.6%, respectively, and that of SF treatment increased by 72.3%, 123.3% and 117.3%, respectively; (3) the apparent surplus of NPK fertilizers in the Opt-_NPK treatment was reduced by 48.0%, 58.0% and 65.8% compared with the FP treatment, respectively, the apparent surplus of NPK fertilizers in the SF treatment was reduced by 48.8%, 58.0% and 65.8% compared with the FP treatment, respectively; (4) compared with the FP treatment, the environmental impacts were also significantly reduced, for the per unit output of Opt-_NPK treatment, the reactive N loss, greenhouse gas emission, acidification and eutrophication averagely decreased by 37.6%, 36.1%, 37.5% and 37.7%, respectively, and those of special fertilizer treatment averagely decreased by 42.4%, 41.0%, 42.3% and 42.5%, respectively. Reducing the amount of fertilizer has no effect on the yield, bud density and hundred bud weight of tea, in addition, it could guarantee of the stable absorption and utilization of nutrients, tea quality and economic benefits, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate and decrease the apparent surplus of NPK nutrients and environmental cost. Meanwhile, the application of magnesium could improve tea bud density, which was effective to the sustainable development of Tie Guanyin tea.

Key words: Tie Guanyin, yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer partial productivity, cost-benefit, environmental cost

CLC Number:

S634.1

Huang Zican, Chen Xiaohui, Su Da, Yin Jiaxu, Wu Huihuang, Wu Liangquan. Evaluation of Agronomic, Economic and Environmental Effects of Special Fertilizer on Oolong Tea[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(16): 89-96.

Figures/Tables 9

References 41

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土层深度/cm	pH	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(mg/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)
0~20	3.6	172.9	458.9	51.4	11.2
20~40	3.8	112.9	152.6	29.4	8.3

土层深度/cm	pH	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(mg/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)
0~20	3.6	172.9	458.9	51.4	11.2
20~40	3.8	112.9	152.6	29.4	8.3

投入	单位	活性氮损失/ (kg N/hm²)	温室气体/ (kg CO₂eq/hm²)	酸化效应/ (kg SO₂eq/hm²)	富营养化效应/ (kg PO₄eq/hm²)	参考文献
氮肥生产与运输	kg	7.15×10^-3	8.3	2.52×10^-2	3.03×10^-3	[20-22]
磷肥生产与运输	kg	1.84×10^-4	0.79	6×10^-4	7.67×10^-5	[20-22]
钾肥生产与运输	kg	1.46×10^-4	0.55	4.8×10^-4	6.13×10^-5	[20-22]
农药生产与运输	kg	4.69×10^-3	19.1	1.05×10^-2	1.94×10^-3	[21-23]

投入	单位	活性氮损失/ (kg N/hm²)	温室气体/ (kg CO₂eq/hm²)	酸化效应/ (kg SO₂eq/hm²)	富营养化效应/ (kg PO₄eq/hm²)	参考文献
氮肥生产与运输	kg	7.15×10^-3	8.3	2.52×10^-2	3.03×10^-3	[20-22]
磷肥生产与运输	kg	1.84×10^-4	0.79	6×10^-4	7.67×10^-5	[20-22]
钾肥生产与运输	kg	1.46×10^-4	0.55	4.8×10^-4	6.13×10^-5	[20-22]
农药生产与运输	kg	4.69×10^-3	19.1	1.05×10^-2	1.94×10^-3	[21-23]

年份	处理	茶青产量/(t/hm²)	芽密度/(个/m²)	百芽重/g	成本/(元/hm²)	产值/(万元/hm²)	纯收入/(万元/hm²)
2018—2019 春茶	FP	7.8±0.2a	1080±19ab	72.2±1.6a	19441	4.7±0.1a	2.7±0.1a
	Opt-_NPK	7.5±0.5a	1031±30b	71.6±2.8a	17651	4.5±0.3a	2.7±0.3a
	SF	7.6±0.2a	1092±38a	69.8±3.6a	17859	4.5±0.1a	2.8±0.1a
2018—2019 秋茶	FP	4.8±0.4a	722±33ab	68.1±3.8a	19441	5.8±0.4a	3.9±0.4a
	Opt-_NPK	4.1±0.3a	668±18b	63.0±3.1a	17651	5.0±0.4a	3.2±0.4a
	SF	4.6±0.2a	742±49a	63.4±2.3a	17859	5.5±0.3a	3.7±0.3a
2018—2019 平均	FP	6.3±0.2a	897.5±19.0a	70.1±2.8a	19441	5.2±0.2a	3.3±0.2a
	Opt-_NPK	5.8±0.4a	845.3±15.2b	67.8±2.6a	17651	4.7±0.3a	3.0±0.3a
	SF	6.1±0.2a	919.2±26.4a	66.8±2.9a	17859	5.1±0.2a	3.3±0.2a