Interaction Between Tillage Modes and Nitrogen Application Rates: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0450

Abstract

Abstract:

To find out the best tillage mode and nitrogen application rate of wheat in southwest Shandong, using ‘Shannong 20’ as the experimental material, the effects of four tillage modes (T₁: no straw returning no tillage, T₂: straw returning no tillage, T₃: straw returning two rotary tillage, T₄: straw returning deep tillage) and three nitrogen application rates (N₁: 225 kg/hm ², N₂: 165 kg/hm², N₃: 300 kg/hm²) on wheat yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the grain yield of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application level, the yield of T₄ was the highest, reaching 8210.59 kg/hm², which was 2.25%, 5.71% and 8.61% higher than that of T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. Under the same tillage mode, the yield of N₃ was the highest. The interaction effect of tillage mode and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain protein content and wet gluten content was extremely significant, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. T4 significantly increased the protein content of wheat grain, and nitrogen application rate increased dough formation time, stability time and water absorption. Therefore, the implementation of deep tillage combined with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm² in southwestern Shandong is the best tillage and nitrogen application mode for wheat production to achieve high yield and high quality.

Key words: wheat, tillage mode, nitrogen application rate, yield, quality

CLC Number:

WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, SUN Leiming, HUANG Ling, SHAO Minmin, ZHAO Kai, YANG Benzhou, ZHANG Yudan, YAN Lu, WANG Lin. Interaction Between Tillage Modes and Nitrogen Application Rates: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(9): 20-26.

Figures/Tables 6

References 26

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平台	耕作方式	备注
T₁	秸秆不还田免耕	玉米秸秆全部移出,旋耕1遍
T₂	秸秆还田免耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,旋耕1遍
T₃	秸秆还田两旋一耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,每两年旋耕,第3年深耕
T₄	秸秆还田深耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,每年深耕深翻,旋耕2遍。

平台	耕作方式	备注
T₁	秸秆不还田免耕	玉米秸秆全部移出,旋耕1遍
T₂	秸秆还田免耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,旋耕1遍
T₃	秸秆还田两旋一耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,每两年旋耕,第3年深耕
T₄	秸秆还田深耕	玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖,每年深耕深翻,旋耕2遍。

耕作方式	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	基本苗/(万/hm²)	冬前群体/(万/hm²)	返青群体/(万/hm²)	最大群体/(万/hm²)	有效群体/(万/hm²)
T₁	N₁	234.87abc	444.6ef	1334.30ef	1427.55f	642.75d
	N₂	240.78abc	469.79de	1274.60f	1410.65f	649.8d
	N₃	229.94bc	489.06cd	1388.03ef	1468.70f	652.8d
T₂	N₁	232.15abc	401.29g	1538.77cd	1635.6de	672bc
	N₂	228.38c	420.89fg	1447.73de	1632.75de	660.15cd
	N₃	233.06abc	422.37fg	1540.26cd	1754.8bc	673.95bc
T₃	N₁	251.21ab	524.63bc	1667.12abc	1709.1cd	673.05bc
	N₂	242.06abc	508.33cd	1376.09ef	1577.15e	678.75abc
	N₃	232.26abc	555.75ab	1722.35ab	1810.75abc	695.85a
T₄	N₁	238.79abc	573.53a	1755.18ab	1817.35ab	693.3a
	N₂	247.16abc	567.61a	1652.20bc	1757.35bc	679.2ab
	N₃	252.37a	591.32a	1791.0a	1881.8a	694.95a
T		2.44	101.04^**	19.79^**	46.72^**	21.93^**
N		1.16	6.13^*	7.85^*	11.11^**	3.74
T×N		0.95	0.80	2.17	1.35	1.07

耕作方式	施氮量/(kg/hm²)	基本苗/(万/hm²)	冬前群体/(万/hm²)	返青群体/(万/hm²)	最大群体/(万/hm²)	有效群体/(万/hm²)
T₁	N₁	234.87abc	444.6ef	1334.30ef	1427.55f	642.75d
	N₂	240.78abc	469.79de	1274.60f	1410.65f	649.8d
	N₃	229.94bc	489.06cd	1388.03ef	1468.70f	652.8d
T₂	N₁	232.15abc	401.29g	1538.77cd	1635.6de	672bc
	N₂	228.38c	420.89fg	1447.73de	1632.75de	660.15cd
	N₃	233.06abc	422.37fg	1540.26cd	1754.8bc	673.95bc
T₃	N₁	251.21ab	524.63bc	1667.12abc	1709.1cd	673.05bc
	N₂	242.06abc	508.33cd	1376.09ef	1577.15e	678.75abc
	N₃	232.26abc	555.75ab	1722.35ab	1810.75abc	695.85a
T₄	N₁	238.79abc	573.53a	1755.18ab	1817.35ab	693.3a
	N₂	247.16abc	567.61a	1652.20bc	1757.35bc	679.2ab
	N₃	252.37a	591.32a	1791.0a	1881.8a	694.95a
T		2.44	101.04^**	19.79^**	46.72^**	21.93^**
N		1.16	6.13^*	7.85^*	11.11^**	3.74
T×N		0.95	0.80	2.17	1.35	1.07

耕作方式	施氮量	苗期	越冬期	返青期	拔节期	开花期	成熟期
T₁	N₁	90.90abcd	714.70g	1030.87fg	4287.26de	10042.28i	17012.37g
	N₂	80.44cd	778.88ef	894.93h	3778.87f	9130.41j	15952.59h
	N₃	97.43a	810.93de	997.28g	4198.58e	10054.86i	18032.76d
T₂	N₁	96.56ab	646.02h	1268.19d	3802.33f	10896.10f	17886.95de
	N₂	78.55d	759.26f	1072.67f	3759.74f	10239.60h	17361.72f
	N₃	80.73bcd	764.95f	1197.54e	4297.10d	12275.16b	18746.49c
T₃	N₁	94.82abc	882.98c	1269.54d	4753.41c	11533.02d	17829.37e
	N₂	92.93abcd	820.67de	1254.71d	4197.27e	10376.11g	17759.47e
	N₃	86.54abcd	948.58ab	1524.58c	5298.92b	12084.59c	20052.35b
T₄	N₁	87.7abcd	932.85b	1648.11b	5840.17a	11288.18e	18576.33c
	N₂	90.95abcd	847.04cd	1597.01b	5351.45b	10784.95f	18044.94d
	N₃	90.90abcd	987.08a	1744.83a	5877.81a	12763.83a	20450.10a
T		0.43	10.79^*	44.94^**	44.52^**	14.98^**	16.86^**
N		0.94	3.50	4.67	10.03^*	19.92^**	33.18^**
T×N		1.67	10.97^**	15.02^**	42.28^**	64.30^**	37.83^**