Morphological Characteristics of Low-nitrogen and High-efficiency Red Beet

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0945

Abstract

Abstract:

Screening low-nitrogen and high-efficiency genotypes of red beet is an effective way to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrogen pollution. The liquid culture method was adopted, and three nitrogen levels of low nitrogen (1.5 mmol/mL), normal nitrogen (5 mmol/mL) and high nitrogen (10 mmol/mL) were set. The breeding strains of The Sugar Beet Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were selected, the evaluation indexes were determined through growth index statistics, factor analysis and cluster analysis, and the low nitrogen tolerant genotypes were screened. Under the condition of low nitrogen and high nitrogen, there were significant differences of nitrogen content in stem and leaf, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency in stem and leaf, whole plant nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency and whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, and the coefficients of variation were 0.169-0.217 and 0.110-0.271, respectively. Through factor analysis, it was found that the cultivation of principal components was basically the same under the condition of low nitrogen and high nitrogen. The first principal component was determined by root nitrogen content, root nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, whole plant nitrogen content and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency. The variance contribution rate of the first principal component was large. Based on the variation characteristics and factor analysis of nitrogen absorption and accumulation in red beet, nitrogen content in stem and leaf, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency in stem and leaf, whole plant nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency and whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency were taken as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of nitrogen efficiency in red beet. Then, according to the comprehensive value of nitrogen efficiency calculated by membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distance square fitting, the whole plant nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was taken as the comprehensive evaluation index for screening nitrogen efficiency. Finally, the materials with high nitrogen absorption and utilization (low-nitrogen high-efficiency type‘YeginaS2’, low-nitrogen low-efficiency and high-nitrogen high-efficiency type ‘CYCLHDAR’) were selected. Combined with their morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, petiole length and root length, dry matter weight and root shoot ratio, the characteristics of soil nitrogen absorption and utilization of different genotypes of red beet were analyzed, the low-nitrogen high-efficiency type variety and low-nitrogen low-efficiency and high-nitrogen high-efficiency type variety, which were sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer increase, were further verified.

Key words: red beet, nitrogen efficiency, morphological characteristics, root system

CLC Number:

S566.3

HAN Zhuojun, CUI Jingjing, PAN Hengyan, LI Youwei, NA Minghui, SONG Baiquan, ZHOU Jianchao, WANG Qiuhong. Morphological Characteristics of Low-nitrogen and High-efficiency Red Beet[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(13): 20-29.

Figures/Tables 11

References 37

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编号	品系名	特点
1	CYCLHDAR	红长
2	捷洛特伊	皮红内白长
3	ChioGGiA	皮红内白圆
4	GOLDEN	皮红内黄圆
5	红圆30	红圆
6	YeginaS2	红长
7	美5=5	红圆

编号	品系名	特点
1	CYCLHDAR	红长
2	捷洛特伊	皮红内白长
3	ChioGGiA	皮红内白圆
4	GOLDEN	皮红内黄圆
5	红圆30	红圆
6	YeginaS2	红长
7	美5=5	红圆

指标	低氮				正常氮				高氮
指标	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数
整株氮含量/%	0.577~0.972	0.807cB	0.140	0.173	0.769~1.165	0.954bB	0.115	0.121	0.577~1.73	1.418aA	0.219	0.155
茎叶氮含量/%	0.295~0.532	0.409cC	0.069	0.169	0.460~0.724	0.560bB	0.082	0.146	0.640~0.930	0.832aA	0.091	0.110
根系氮含量/%	0.282~0.522	0.398bB	0.080	0.201	0.309~0.440	0.394bB	0.041	0.104	0.368~0.855	0.585aA	0.153	0.262
整株氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	4.155~6.937	5.120cB	0.951	0.186	3.652~5.406	4.386bB	0.511	0.117	2.313~4.286	3.036aA	0.617	0.203
茎叶氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	1.878~3.387	2.510cC	0.442	0.176	1.380~2.173	1.819bB	0.250	0.137	1.076~1.565	1.217aA	0.155	0.127
根系氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	1.915~3.550	2.609bB	0.538	0.206	2.271~3.232	2.567bB	0.299	0.116	1.170~2.721	1.819aA	0.492	0.271
整株氮累积量/(mg/株)	0.387~0.790	0.574cC	0.125	0.217	1.672~3.806	2.390bB	0.612	0.256	2.191~5.24	4.060aA	1.086	0.268
氮生理利用效率/(mg/株)	2.071~3.466	2.551cC	0.471	0.185	1.682~2.541	2.101bB	0.254	0.121	1.150~1.961	1.417aA	0.253	0.179

指标	低氮				正常氮				高氮
指标	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数	变幅	均值	标准差	变异系数
整株氮含量/%	0.577~0.972	0.807cB	0.140	0.173	0.769~1.165	0.954bB	0.115	0.121	0.577~1.73	1.418aA	0.219	0.155
茎叶氮含量/%	0.295~0.532	0.409cC	0.069	0.169	0.460~0.724	0.560bB	0.082	0.146	0.640~0.930	0.832aA	0.091	0.110
根系氮含量/%	0.282~0.522	0.398bB	0.080	0.201	0.309~0.440	0.394bB	0.041	0.104	0.368~0.855	0.585aA	0.153	0.262
整株氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	4.155~6.937	5.120cB	0.951	0.186	3.652~5.406	4.386bB	0.511	0.117	2.313~4.286	3.036aA	0.617	0.203
茎叶氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	1.878~3.387	2.510cC	0.442	0.176	1.380~2.173	1.819bB	0.250	0.137	1.076~1.565	1.217aA	0.155	0.127
根系氮素干物质生产效率/(g/g)	1.915~3.550	2.609bB	0.538	0.206	2.271~3.232	2.567bB	0.299	0.116	1.170~2.721	1.819aA	0.492	0.271
整株氮累积量/(mg/株)	0.387~0.790	0.574cC	0.125	0.217	1.672~3.806	2.390bB	0.612	0.256	2.191~5.24	4.060aA	1.086	0.268
氮生理利用效率/(mg/株)	2.071~3.466	2.551cC	0.471	0.185	1.682~2.541	2.101bB	0.254	0.121	1.150~1.961	1.417aA	0.253	0.179

指标	整株氮含量	茎叶氮含量	根系氮含量	整株氮素干物质生产效率	茎叶氮素干物质生产效率	根系氮素干物质生产效率	整株氮累积量	氮生理利用效率
整株氮含量	1
茎叶氮含量	0.837^*	1
根系氮含量	0.902^**	0.519	1
整株氮素干物质生产效率	-0.998^**	-0.821^*	-0.911^**	1
茎叶氮素干物质生产效率	-0.877^**	-0.994^**	-0.585	0.864^*	1
根系氮素干物质生产效率	-0.924^**	-0.569	-0.995^**	0.936^**	0.632	1
整株氮累积量	0.554	0.556	0.426	-0.577	-0.606	-0.466	1
氮生理利用效率	-0.997^**	-0.835^*	-0.899^**	0.998^**	0.879^**	0.923^**	-0.612	1