The Interaction of Phenotypic Traits of Safflower with Application Rates of NPK

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0271

Abstract

Abstract:

By studying the interaction of the phenotypic traits of safflower with the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), we aim to provide reference for rational application of fertilizers in safflower production. 21 phenotypic traits of safflower at full-bloom stage and mature stage were recorded based on three-factor and three-level orthogonal design method, the data was investigated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), and the requirement rule and amounts of NPK fertilizers at different safflower growth stages were studied by DTOPSIS method. The results showed that 7 traits of fresh root weight per plant, number of flowering balls, number of all balls, fresh weight per plant, branch height, fresh weight of all balls, and main root length at full-bloom stage, and 4 traits of dry weight of all balls, dry weight per plant, number of seeds in top ball, and dry weight of root at mature stage varied with the application rates of NPK, and the variation coefficients were all higher than 10%, accounting for 53.8% and 50.0% of the tested phenotypic traits. 13 traits at full-bloom stage and 8 traits at mature stage had different degrees of responses to different NPK fertilizer rates, but the traits were coordinated with each other, and some traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation. 4 principal components at full-bloom stage and 3 principal components at mature stage were identified by PCA, accounting for 84.61% and 85.70% of the total variation, suggesting that proper application rates of NPK fertilizers could lay a foundation for high flower and seed yield of safflower by changing yield related traits. The requirement of N and P fertilizers at full-bloom stage and mature stage of safflower was relatively high. Therefore, it is suggested that N and P fertilizers should be applied with proper rates and at proper time for the high yield of safflower.

Key words: safflower, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, phenotypic traits, principal component analysis, DTOPSIS analysis

XU Lanjie, LIANG Huizhen, YU Yongliang, YANG Hongqi, TAN Zhengwei, YANG Qing, LI Chunming, DONG Wei, LI Lei, AN Sufang, LU Dandan. The Interaction of Phenotypic Traits of Safflower with Application Rates of NPK[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 63-68.

Figures/Tables 8

References 26

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项目	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	分枝高度/cm	分枝数/个	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	开花果球数/个
最小值	108.66	10.99	38.46	8.00	8.46	3.89	3.00
最大值	117.30	12.21	61.90	10.40	9.46	4.23	6.40
平均值	112.96	11.57	54.58	9.12	8.92	4.01	5.16
标准差	2.19	0.34	6.51	0.76	0.34	0.09	0.95
变异系数/%	1.94	2.98	11.92	8.28	3.81	2.36	18.44
项目	顶果球直径/mm	总果球数/个	果球总鲜重/g	主根长/cm	根鲜重/g	单株鲜重/g
最小值	23.77	10.00	47.40	13.00	11.52	148.34
最大值	26.05	15.20	66.38	18.52	31.20	232.64
平均值	24.82	11.22	55.19	15.83	15.83	189.07
标准差	0.82	1.75	5.70	1.62	5.89	25.07
变异系数/%	3.29	15.64	10.33	10.25	37.18	13.26

项目	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	分枝高度/cm	分枝数/个	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	开花果球数/个
最小值	108.66	10.99	38.46	8.00	8.46	3.89	3.00
最大值	117.30	12.21	61.90	10.40	9.46	4.23	6.40
平均值	112.96	11.57	54.58	9.12	8.92	4.01	5.16
标准差	2.19	0.34	6.51	0.76	0.34	0.09	0.95
变异系数/%	1.94	2.98	11.92	8.28	3.81	2.36	18.44
项目	顶果球直径/mm	总果球数/个	果球总鲜重/g	主根长/cm	根鲜重/g	单株鲜重/g
最小值	23.77	10.00	47.40	13.00	11.52	148.34
最大值	26.05	15.20	66.38	18.52	31.20	232.64
平均值	24.82	11.22	55.19	15.83	15.83	189.07
标准差	0.82	1.75	5.70	1.62	5.89	25.07
变异系数/%	3.29	15.64	10.33	10.25	37.18	13.26

项目	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	节间数/个	顶果球直径/mm	顶果球着粒数/个	果球总干重/g	根干重/g	单株干重/g
最小值	105.80	10.42	40.60	25.32	30.40	30.98	3.94	78.62
最大值	132.80	12.59	44.40	28.87	48.20	58.00	5.72	133.84
平均值	117.96	11.37	42.74	27.12	41.36	40.72	4.89	107.89
标准差	9.09	0.70	1.32	0.94	5.22	8.43	0.53	19.57
变异系数/%	7.71	6.14	3.10	3.48	12.61	20.71	10.92	18.14

项目	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	节间数/个	顶果球直径/mm	顶果球着粒数/个	果球总干重/g	根干重/g	单株干重/g
最小值	105.80	10.42	40.60	25.32	30.40	30.98	3.94	78.62
最大值	132.80	12.59	44.40	28.87	48.20	58.00	5.72	133.84
平均值	117.96	11.37	42.74	27.12	41.36	40.72	4.89	107.89
标准差	9.09	0.70	1.32	0.94	5.22	8.43	0.53	19.57
变异系数/%	7.71	6.14	3.10	3.48	12.61	20.71	10.92	18.14

	株高	茎粗	分枝高度	分枝数	叶长	叶宽	开花果球数	顶果球直径	总果球数	果球总鲜重	主根长	根鲜重
茎粗	0.12
分枝高度	0.79^**	-0.29
分枝数	-0.67^*	0.29	-0.88^**
叶长	0.04	0.04	-0.32	0.54
叶宽	-0.58	-0.11	-0.70^*	0.52	0.16
开花果球数	-0.31	0.17	-0.47	0.21	-0.24	0.36
顶球直径	-0.43	0.25	-0.36	0.11	-0.33	-0.01	0.56
总果球数	-0.59	0.28	-0.79^**	0.74^*	0.55	0.55	-0.01	0.25
果球总鲜重	-0.57	0.43	-0.70^*	0.64^*	0.14	0.60	0.35	0.38	0.69^*
主根长	-0.49	0.13	-0.15	0.07	-0.71^*	-0.06	0.25	0.59	-0.09	0.27
根鲜重	-0.16	0.13	-0.34	0.23	-0.03	0.14	0.35	-0.04	0.01	-0.26	-0.03
单株鲜重	-0.44	0.53	-0.56	0.41	0.00	0.19	0.28	0.79^**	0.60	0.69^*	0.47	-0.26