Effects of Sowing Date on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Different Types of Proso Millet

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0452

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of sowing period on the growth and development, yield and quality of proso millet in arid area of northwest China, we took non-waxy proso millet and waxy proso millet suitable for cultivation in arid areas of northwest China as the research objects, explored the growth and development, yield and quality changes of proso millet in the six sowing periods (S1: April 20, S2: May 5, S3: May 20, S4: June 4, S5: June 19, S6: July 4). The results showed that with the delayed sowing period, developmental phase of proso millet was delayed and the days of growth was shortened accordingly. The growth days of proso millet varieties in S1 ranged from 125-139 d, and that of S4 was shortened to 101-112 d, and that of S6 was only 81-88 d. Proso millet presented stunted growth with the delayed sowing period. In S4, the plant height of each kind of broomcorn millet was 10.63-16.70 cm (P<0.001) lower than that of S3. Under the S5, the spikes length of proso millet was longer, and the spikes weight, grain weight per spikes, thousand-grain weight and yield reached the top. In addition, the ear stem was shorter. In S5, the yield of ‘Longmi 12’, ‘Gumi 21’, ‘Yumi 2’, ‘Jishu 2’, ‘Chishu 8’and ‘Jinshu 9’ was 18.0%, 14.4%, 15.1%, 9.3%, 8.0% and 10.0% higher than that of S3, respectively (P<0.05), and the length of ear stem was 13.1%、14.6%、15.1%、30.6%、15.3% and 11.8% shorter than that of S3, respectively (P<0.05). Besides, the quality of proso millet kernels was also significantly affected by the sowing period. The delayed sowing date could improve the quality of the proso millet, but sowing too late was unfavorable to the quality of the proso millet. The starch and protein of all varieties treated with S5 were the highest, and the starch and protein of all cultivars were 12.1%-22.7% (P<0.05) and 11.3%-20.5% (P<0.05) higher than that of S3, respectively. Taking the growth, yield and quality of proso millet into consideration comprehensively, the sowing period of S5 is proper for proso millet production in the arid area of northwest China.

Key words: sowing period, proso millet, growth period, yield, quality

WANG Zhan, YANG Jiao, WANG Yong, LI Kai, LUO Shiwu, YANG Junxue, WANG Fei, CHENG Bingwen. Effects of Sowing Date on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Different Types of Proso Millet[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(13): 18-26.

Figures/Tables 7

References 34

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品种	播期	穗长/cm	穗茎长/cm	穗重/g	单穗粒重/g	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
陇糜12号	S1	28.81c	19.26b	5.68	4.06	7.83	3550.18c
	S2	29.84bc	16.29c	6.92	4.62	8.00	4403.55b
	S3	30.58b	15.80c	7.37	4.81	8.03	4546.89b
	S4	30.84b	13.94d	10.14	6.52	8.23	5246.93a
	S5	33.50a	13.73d	10.90	8.07	8.53	5366.94a
	S6	29.60bc	20.23a	5.46	3.86	7.80	3470.17c
固糜21号	S1	23.67c	16.07b	5.64	3.90	7.20	3760.19cd
	S2	24.67bc	13.74c	5.66	4.16	6.73	3900.20c
	S3	25.57b	13.56c	5.91	4.20	6.80	4706.90b
	S4	26.00ab	11.72cd	5.95	4.25	6.87	5166.93a
	S5	27.97a	11.58d	6.14	4.34	7.57	5383.60a
	S6	25.13b	19.73a	3.70	2.54	6.33	3530.18d
榆糜2号	S1	23.63c	15.93b	4.82	3.92	7.83	2986.82d
	S2	24.10bc	12.51c	5.50	4.04	8.23	3573.51c
	S3	25.68b	11.17cd	5.58	4.28	8.30	4270.21b
	S4	25.73b	10.73de	6.23	4.93	8.73	4713.57a
	S5	28.20a	9.48e	6.33	5.10	8.80	4913.58a
	S6	24.10bc	20.03a	7.14	3.40	7.80	2980.15d
冀黍2号	S1	23.20e	19.53b	5.46	4.01	7.97	3956.86c
	S2	23.31d	17.89bc	5.84	4.36	8.20	4340.22b
	S3	25.26c	15.05cd	8.10	5.45	8.57	4350.22b
	S4	26.49bc	14.12d	8.39	5.67	8.97	4400.22b
	S5	28.65a	10.44e	8.48	6.30	9.13	4756.90a
	S6	27.20b	21.07a	4.08	3.24	7.93	3130.16c
赤黍8号	S1	25.14b	20.77a	3.96	2.78	6.70	3220.16cd
	S2	26.77b	16.70b	4.42	2.86	7.00	3466.84c
	S3	27.00b	15.52b	4.89	3.25	7.13	3976.87b
	S4	29.47a	13.52c	7.06	4.62	7.27	4126.87a
	S5	29.76a	13.15c	9.24	6.43	7.53	4296.88a
	S6	26.37b	20.33a	3.10	2.23	6.63	3070.15d
晋黍9号	S1	24.05c	17.91b	4.56	3.33	7.87	3976.87c
	S2	24.17c	15.47c	5.20	3.62	8.03	4070.20b
	S3	26.42b	14.55cd	6.69	4.13	8.10	4123.54b
	S4	27.77b	12.93d	6.70	4.93	8.23	4233.55ab
	S5	29.83a	12.84d	8.62	5.47	8.60	4536.89a
	S6	23.83c	20.20a	3.35	2.34	7.67	2790.14d

品种	播期	穗长/cm	穗茎长/cm	穗重/g	单穗粒重/g	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
陇糜12号	S1	28.81c	19.26b	5.68	4.06	7.83	3550.18c
	S2	29.84bc	16.29c	6.92	4.62	8.00	4403.55b
	S3	30.58b	15.80c	7.37	4.81	8.03	4546.89b
	S4	30.84b	13.94d	10.14	6.52	8.23	5246.93a
	S5	33.50a	13.73d	10.90	8.07	8.53	5366.94a
	S6	29.60bc	20.23a	5.46	3.86	7.80	3470.17c
固糜21号	S1	23.67c	16.07b	5.64	3.90	7.20	3760.19cd
	S2	24.67bc	13.74c	5.66	4.16	6.73	3900.20c
	S3	25.57b	13.56c	5.91	4.20	6.80	4706.90b
	S4	26.00ab	11.72cd	5.95	4.25	6.87	5166.93a
	S5	27.97a	11.58d	6.14	4.34	7.57	5383.60a
	S6	25.13b	19.73a	3.70	2.54	6.33	3530.18d
榆糜2号	S1	23.63c	15.93b	4.82	3.92	7.83	2986.82d
	S2	24.10bc	12.51c	5.50	4.04	8.23	3573.51c
	S3	25.68b	11.17cd	5.58	4.28	8.30	4270.21b
	S4	25.73b	10.73de	6.23	4.93	8.73	4713.57a
	S5	28.20a	9.48e	6.33	5.10	8.80	4913.58a
	S6	24.10bc	20.03a	7.14	3.40	7.80	2980.15d
冀黍2号	S1	23.20e	19.53b	5.46	4.01	7.97	3956.86c
	S2	23.31d	17.89bc	5.84	4.36	8.20	4340.22b
	S3	25.26c	15.05cd	8.10	5.45	8.57	4350.22b
	S4	26.49bc	14.12d	8.39	5.67	8.97	4400.22b
	S5	28.65a	10.44e	8.48	6.30	9.13	4756.90a
	S6	27.20b	21.07a	4.08	3.24	7.93	3130.16c
赤黍8号	S1	25.14b	20.77a	3.96	2.78	6.70	3220.16cd
	S2	26.77b	16.70b	4.42	2.86	7.00	3466.84c
	S3	27.00b	15.52b	4.89	3.25	7.13	3976.87b
	S4	29.47a	13.52c	7.06	4.62	7.27	4126.87a
	S5	29.76a	13.15c	9.24	6.43	7.53	4296.88a
	S6	26.37b	20.33a	3.10	2.23	6.63	3070.15d
晋黍9号	S1	24.05c	17.91b	4.56	3.33	7.87	3976.87c
	S2	24.17c	15.47c	5.20	3.62	8.03	4070.20b
	S3	26.42b	14.55cd	6.69	4.13	8.10	4123.54b
	S4	27.77b	12.93d	6.70	4.93	8.23	4233.55ab
	S5	29.83a	12.84d	8.62	5.47	8.60	4536.89a
	S6	23.83c	20.20a	3.35	2.34	7.67	2790.14d