Growth Characteristics of Switchgrass in Mu Us Sandy Land of Northern Shaanxi

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0896

Abstract

Abstract:

The adaptability evaluation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was assessed to establish a foundation for selecting switchgrass varieties in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi. A comprehensive evaluation system was established by observing the agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, leaf area, biomass, seedling emergence rate), physiological characteristics (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate), and soil physical properties (water content, bulk weight, porosity) of 12 switchgrass varieties. This system adopted the principal component analysis method to assess the adaptability of switchgrass. There were significant differences in the indicators of plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, biomass and seedling emergence rate among the 12 species of switchgrass. Specifically, the plant height and leaf area of YM-9 were 115 cm and 59.20 cm², respectively, the number of tillers of YM-2 was 93, the biomass of YM-6 was 153.98 g/cm², and the seedling emergence rate of YM-5 was 48.50%. These varieties showed significantly superior indicators compared to the other varieties. The following correlations were observed. A significant negative correlation between soil bulk weight and plant height and soil porosity, with a correlation coefficient over 0.65; a highly significant positive correlation between yield and seedling emergence rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.82; a significant positive correlation between yield and biomass, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63; and a highly significant positive correlation between transpiration rate of plant leaves and net photosynthetic rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. YM-2 achieved the highest composite score (1.144) and was identified as most suitable switchgrass variety for large-scale cultivation in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi among the 12 switchgrass varieties.

Key words: Mu Us Sandy Land, switchgrass, variety screening, introduction, environmental adaptation

YANG Hang, LI Yixuan, LI Qiang, LIU Xiaoming, YANG Tao, LUO Zhumei, LIU Jiangtao. Growth Characteristics of Switchgrass in Mu Us Sandy Land of Northern Shaanxi[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(34): 42-49.

Figures/Tables 8

References 31

[1]	张爱玲, 付晨, 陈志宏, 等. 8份柳枝稷种质资源苗期抗旱性综合评价[J]. 草业科学, 2017, 34(4):706-713.
[2]	刘晓侠. 能源作物柳枝稷对盐碱土的响应与改良效果研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2016.
[3]	郭春燕, 李晋川, 岳建英, 等. 两种高质牧草不同生育期光合生理日变化及光响应特征[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(6):1751-1761.
[4]	贾飞飞, 徐成琳, 张建伟, 等. 晚全新世毛乌素沙地东南缘沉积物粒度特征及其指示的环境变化[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2023, 45(6):1285-1298.
[5]	刘思源. 陕北农牧交错带沙地农业利用规模的水资源调控研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2021.
[6]	宁松瑞, 韩霁昌, 郝起礼. 榆林市耕地资源变化及分析研究[J]. 西部大开发(土地开发工程研究), 2016(2):20-27.
[7]	LEWANDOWSKI I, SCURLOCK J M O, LINDVALL E, et al. The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe[J]. Biomass & bioenergy, 2003, 25(4):335-361.
[8]	王连军, 刘宇飞, 霍延卫, 等. 榆阳区苜蓿产业存在的问题及对策建议[J]. 养殖技术顾问, 2010(2):186-187.
[9]	张京磊, 贾春林, 张进红, 等. 柳枝稷对滨海盐碱地的改良效果及饲用价值[J]. 草业科学, 2023, 40(6):1551-1558.
[10]	刘建, 齐宝林, 于洪柱, 等. 盐碱胁迫对3种柳枝稷生长性状、叶片性状及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2023(1):85-91.
[11]	安雨. 基于资源竞争和化感作用原理的柳枝稷生态适应机制研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014.
[12]	徐爱珍, 胡建民, 熊永, 等. TDR法、干烧法及烘干法测定土壤含水量的比较研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2018, 29(2):253-256.
[13]	刘萌, 王善举, 樊军, 等. 利用环刀法快速原位测定土壤蒸发量[J]. 土壤通报, 2021, 52(1):55-61.
[14]	艾锋, 张生, 李强, 等. 蚯蚓肥复配土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤性质及中科羊草生长的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2023, 51(5):531-538.
[15]	张浩, 王秋, 张丽娜. 复合肥不同追肥次数对宽叶缬草农艺性状的影响[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2023(8):86-89.
[16]	陈奋奇, 张金青, 马晖玲. 激素调控植物分枝/分蘖的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(2):212-225. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2023118
[17]	林宇茜, 孙卫. 9个丁香品种叶面积测量相关性分析及回归方程的建立[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2023, 51(4):118-122.
[18]	雷颖, 罗杰, 郭旭曼, 等. 小生境尺度下喀斯特弃耕地植物多样性、生物量及其影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(2):28-38. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2023133
[19]	徐岚俊, 孙梦遥, 张传帅, 等. 不同农机驾驶方式对玉米播种出苗率的影响——基于无人机多光谱影像的测算[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(6):143-147.
[20]	王玉, 李莉莉, 周楷贺. 基于主成分分析法的两步子抽样算法及应用研究[J]. 青岛大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 36(4):13-17.
[21]	李洪, 王彧超, 王瑞军, 等. 基于主成分分析法的玉米/甘蓝不同套种模式的效益评价[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(5):21-25. doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500063
[22]	何海锋, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 等. 盐碱条件下施磷对柳枝稷生长发育及耐盐性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(10):64-74. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2021378
[23]	闫承宏, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 等. 施磷量对盐碱地柳枝稷生长及土壤养分的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2022, 35(7):1598-1603.
[24]	张进红, 王国良, 吴波, 等. 黄河三角洲盐碱地不同柳枝稷品种生长特性比较[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(12):158-165.
[25]	姜峻, 李代琼, 黄瑾. 柳枝稷的生长发育与土壤水分特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2007(5):75-78.
[26]	张永乾. 宁夏银北地区盐碱地柳枝稷适应性研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2019.
[27]	高丽欣, 刘静, 邓波, 等. 施氮水平和收获时间对柳枝稷生物质产量和能源品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2016, 33(1):110-115.
[28]	徐伟洲, 卜耀军, 刘翠英, 等. 榆林市牧草产业发展现状分析与对策探讨[J]. 价值工程, 2017, 36(14):222-223.
[29]	马永清, 郝智强, 熊韶峻, 等. 我国柳枝稷规模化种植现状与前景[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6):133-137.
[30]	黄瑾, 徐伟洲, 高志娟, 等. 黄土丘陵区不同种植行距对柳枝稷生产力与水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2022, 44(4):60-66.
[31]	常雯雯. 西北旱区盐碱地柳枝稷生长适应性研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2020.

品种	株高/cm			分蘖数			叶面积/cm²			生物量/(g/cm²)			7月出苗率/%
品种	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	7月出苗率/%
YM-1	59.70de	67.40d	85.10d	53.00bc	54.00de	61.00cd	31.16b	32.77c	51.00b	78.23ab	112.23a	139.36ab	33.11d
YM-2	67.90b	81.00ab	85.00d	61.00a	84.00a	93.00a	30.06bc	37.40b	58.42a	61.54c	108.32a	151.9a	28.66e
YM-3	60.20de	75.00bc	98.50b	49.00cd	52.00e	55.00d	25.05cd	26.44e	49.16bc	49.06f	75.11c	126.16b	27.11e
YM-4	55.00e	67.10d	100.10b	55.00b	60.00cd	70.00b	20.70e	28.57de	40.82e	59.40cd	61.99d	88.62f	42.44b
YM-5	62.10cd	64.00d	92.40bc	59.00ab	63.00bc	68.00bc	20.26e	29.70d	40.33ef	56.26de	79.87c	118.33de	48.50a
YM-6	66.90bc	81.00ab	82.20d	47.00de	59.00cd	68.00bc	35.41a	37.21b	48.38bc	71.71b	103.86a	153.98a	45.00ab
YM-7	69.00b	70.90cd	101.50b	54.00bc	54.00de	61.00cd	27.91c	34.33bc	44.41d	75.00b	106.85a	123.24cd	37.38c
YM-8	64.70b	71.00cd	83.20d	53.00bc	58.00cd	63.00c	26.60cd	27.75de	37.91f	84.93a	88.72b	94.21f	20.61f
YM-9	57.30d	69.50cd	115.00a	54.00bc	59.00cd	60.00cd	24.16d	45.61a	59.20a	61.22cd	74.58c	107.31e	27.27e
YM-10	49.10f	80.00ab	87.90cd	43.00e	56.00de	71.00b	23.33d	35.70bc	48.31bc	54.62e	75.40c	125.92cd	40.83bc
YM-11	77.00a	86.40a	95.00bc	61.00a	68.00b	74.00b	33.91ab	38.93b	49.32bc	44.94f	101.44a	133.15bc	42.55b
YM-12	64.00b	66.00d	112.30a	42.00e	57.00de	65.00bc	25.27cd	32.41cd	45.70cd	62.05c	79.46c	108.62e	46.44ab

品种	株高/cm			分蘖数			叶面积/cm²			生物量/(g/cm²)			7月出苗率/%
品种	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	8月	9月	10月	7月出苗率/%
YM-1	59.70de	67.40d	85.10d	53.00bc	54.00de	61.00cd	31.16b	32.77c	51.00b	78.23ab	112.23a	139.36ab	33.11d
YM-2	67.90b	81.00ab	85.00d	61.00a	84.00a	93.00a	30.06bc	37.40b	58.42a	61.54c	108.32a	151.9a	28.66e
YM-3	60.20de	75.00bc	98.50b	49.00cd	52.00e	55.00d	25.05cd	26.44e	49.16bc	49.06f	75.11c	126.16b	27.11e
YM-4	55.00e	67.10d	100.10b	55.00b	60.00cd	70.00b	20.70e	28.57de	40.82e	59.40cd	61.99d	88.62f	42.44b
YM-5	62.10cd	64.00d	92.40bc	59.00ab	63.00bc	68.00bc	20.26e	29.70d	40.33ef	56.26de	79.87c	118.33de	48.50a
YM-6	66.90bc	81.00ab	82.20d	47.00de	59.00cd	68.00bc	35.41a	37.21b	48.38bc	71.71b	103.86a	153.98a	45.00ab
YM-7	69.00b	70.90cd	101.50b	54.00bc	54.00de	61.00cd	27.91c	34.33bc	44.41d	75.00b	106.85a	123.24cd	37.38c
YM-8	64.70b	71.00cd	83.20d	53.00bc	58.00cd	63.00c	26.60cd	27.75de	37.91f	84.93a	88.72b	94.21f	20.61f
YM-9	57.30d	69.50cd	115.00a	54.00bc	59.00cd	60.00cd	24.16d	45.61a	59.20a	61.22cd	74.58c	107.31e	27.27e
YM-10	49.10f	80.00ab	87.90cd	43.00e	56.00de	71.00b	23.33d	35.70bc	48.31bc	54.62e	75.40c	125.92cd	40.83bc
YM-11	77.00a	86.40a	95.00bc	61.00a	68.00b	74.00b	33.91ab	38.93b	49.32bc	44.94f	101.44a	133.15bc	42.55b
YM-12	64.00b	66.00d	112.30a	42.00e	57.00de	65.00bc	25.27cd	32.41cd	45.70cd	62.05c	79.46c	108.62e	46.44ab

	株高	分蘖数	叶面积	生物量	出苗率	土壤含水率	蒸腾速率	净光合速率	土壤容重	土壤pH	土壤电导率	产量
分蘖数	-0.371	1.000
叶面积	0.158	0.299	1.000
生物量	-0.497	0.398	0.542	1.000
出苗率	0.109	0.134	-0.295	0.110	1.000
土壤含水率	0.374	0.274	0.490	-0.142	-0.257	1.000
蒸腾速率	-0.320	0.154	-0.352	0.038	0.533	-0.115	1.000
净光合速率	-0.359	0.166	-0.142	0.196	0.238	-0.029	0.877^**	1.000
土壤容重	-0.651^*	-0.028	-0.395	0.039	-0.210	-0.430	0.331	0.501	1.000
土壤pH	0.335	0.197	0.570	0.219	-0.219	0.119	-0.636^*	-0.474	-0.353	1.000
土壤电导率	0.337	0.159	0.712^**	0.298	-0.344	0.340	-0.727^**	-0.493	-0.389	0.928^**	1.000
产量	-0.229	0.307	0.048	0.635^*	0.823^**	-0.229	0.481	0.339	-0.143	-0.106	-0.135	1.000
孔隙度	0.630^*	0.024	0.378	-0.022	0.268	0.413	-0.292	-0.482	-0.990^**	0.363	0.391	0.205

	株高	分蘖数	叶面积	生物量	出苗率	土壤含水率	蒸腾速率	净光合速率	土壤容重	土壤pH	土壤电导率	产量
分蘖数	-0.371	1.000
叶面积	0.158	0.299	1.000
生物量	-0.497	0.398	0.542	1.000
出苗率	0.109	0.134	-0.295	0.110	1.000
土壤含水率	0.374	0.274	0.490	-0.142	-0.257	1.000
蒸腾速率	-0.320	0.154	-0.352	0.038	0.533	-0.115	1.000
净光合速率	-0.359	0.166	-0.142	0.196	0.238	-0.029	0.877^**	1.000
土壤容重	-0.651^*	-0.028	-0.395	0.039	-0.210	-0.430	0.331	0.501	1.000
土壤pH	0.335	0.197	0.570	0.219	-0.219	0.119	-0.636^*	-0.474	-0.353	1.000
土壤电导率	0.337	0.159	0.712^**	0.298	-0.344	0.340	-0.727^**	-0.493	-0.389	0.928^**	1.000
产量	-0.229	0.307	0.048	0.635^*	0.823^**	-0.229	0.481	0.339	-0.143	-0.106	-0.135	1.000
孔隙度	0.630^*	0.024	0.378	-0.022	0.268	0.413	-0.292	-0.482	-0.990^**	0.363	0.391	0.205

品种	株高/ cm	分蘖数	叶面积/ cm²	生物量/ (g/cm²)	出苗率/ %	土壤含水率/ %	土壤容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤pH	土壤电导率/ (μS/cm)	产量/ (t/hm²)	孔隙度/ %	蒸腾速率/ [mmol/(m²·s)]	净光合速率/ [µmol/(m²·s)]
YM-1	85.10	61	51.00	139.36	33.11	2.08	1.45	5.23	0.36	1.35	0.46	4.65	19.64
YM-2	85.00	93	58.42	151.90	28.67	5.01	1.39	5.35	0.44	1.35	0.48	4.81	22.85
YM-3	98.50	55	49.16	126.16	27.11	2.79	1.43	5.33	0.41	1.05	0.47	4.83	23.09
YM-4	100.10	70	40.82	88.62	42.44	4.37	1.4	5.17	0.27	1.20	0.48	7.81	26.46
YM-5	92.40	68	40.33	118.33	48.50	2.88	1.45	4.99	0.20	1.65	0.46	7.75	28.60
YM-6	82.20	68	48.38	153.98	45.00	4.00	1.38	5.10	0.30	2.10	0.49	7.71	28.88
YM-7	101.50	61	44.41	123.24	37.39	3.15	1.33	5.18	0.32	1.35	0.50	4.40	16.42
YM-8	83.20	63	37.91	94.21	20.61	3.99	1.45	5.09	0.29	0.60	0.46	4.29	18.11
YM-9	115.00	60	59.20	107.31	27.28	7.08	1.31	5.21	0.40	0.90	0.51	4.28	18.49
YM-10	87.90	71	48.31	125.92	40.83	2.65	1.35	5.19	0.30	1.50	0.50	5.47	16.37
YM-11	95.00	74	49.32	133.15	42.56	5.17	1.38	5.27	0.41	1.65	0.49	4.63	17.21
YM-12	112.30	65	45.70	108.62	46.44	3.31	1.32	5.36	0.43	1.50	0.51	3.66	14.46