Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.11 Published:15 May 2011

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  Progresses in Improvement of Trifolium repens L. by Genetic Engineering 2011, 27 (11):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 558328KB )   ( 1140 ) Abstract: As one of the important forage grass species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) has been extensively applied in feed industry and ornamental horticulture. However, the poor resistance of the majority of current white clover cultivars to salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses greatly restricts its adaptability for a broader range of soil and climatic conditions. Transgenic engineering is promising an alternative solution for the genetic modification of abiotic stress tolerence of white clover. In this paper, progresses in the research of tissue culture, transformation and genetic improvement of white clover during the past 30 years were reviewed.

  Associations Between Msp I Polymorphism of TLR6 Gene and Growth Traits of Pigs 2011, 27 (11):  5-9.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 1085805KB )   ( 1219 ) The associations between SNPs in the porcine Toll-like receptors 6(TLR6) gene and growth traits of pigs were reported in this study. Polymorphism of a segment of TLR6 gene was detected in 405 pigs by PCR-RFLP. A Msp I RFLP was detected in the sequence and the polymorphic locus is common in all detected groups, which were Daweizi Pigs, Shaziling Pigs, Ningxian Pigs and Qianshao spotted Pigs. Alleles detected in the sequence were allele T and C with frequencies of 0.136 and 0.864, 0.189 and 0.811, 0.186 and 0.814, 0.281 and 0.719, respectively. This polymorphic locus of TLR6 gene was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05). The relationship between the founded Msp I RFLP in the sequence and birth weight, body weight at 45 days, body weight at 60 days, body weight at 4 months, body weight at 6 months, body length at 6 months, Withers height at 6 months and circumference at 6 months was analyzed by least square analysis. No significant different between Msp I RFLP and birth weight, body weight at 60 days and Withers height 6 months were founded in this study, but significant associations were found between TT genotype with body weight at 4 months (P<0.01) and body weight at 45 days, body weight at 6 months, body length at 6 months and circumference at 6 months(P<0.05), The animals with genotype TT showed 25.92% increase in body weight at 4 months (P < 0.01), 12.46%, 7.20%, 7.62% and 7.24% increase in body weight at 45 days, body weight at 6 months, body length at 6 months and circumference compared with genotype CC (P < 0.05), respectively. Therefore, it could be seen that porcine TLR6 genotypes had significant influence on growth traits, this SNP might be considered as a potential genetic marker for selection.

  The analysis of genetic diversity of microsatellite loci in Qinchuan Cattle 2011, 27 (11):  10-14.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 1070189KB )   ( 997 ) The polymorphism distributions of microsatellite loci , BM2113、IDVGA2、TGLA44、IDVGA27、ETH10、ILSTS005、and IDVGA46 were detected in Qinchuan cattle by Polymerase Chain Reaction and multiplex gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining . The results indicated that genetic heterozygosity of Qinchuan cattle was high，genetic diversity Was rich．The selected microsatellite loci can be used to evaluate genetic diversity of Qinchuan cattle．

  Effect of Indigowoad Root Polysaccharides on The Activity of Protein kinase C of Spleen lymphocytes in Chicken 2011, 27 (11):  15-19.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 650978KB )   ( 1029 )

  Wulong Goose FSH? gene SNP association analysis with egg production traits 2011, 27 (11):  20-22.  Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 891787KB )   ( 1165 ) Polymorphism in Exon 3 of FSHβ gene of Wu long goose was analyzed by PCR-SSCP and analyzed the relationship with Wu long goose egg production traits. One SNP site was detected.It produced three kinds of genotypes (AA, AB, BB); the average open egg weight and the average egg weight of AB goose and BB goose are higher than the average of the AA goose,but there was not significant difference in them(P>0.05), the open average age of AA goose is lower than AB goose and BB goose , Egg production showed the trend AA> AB> BB.

  Composition of soil fauna and ecological distribution in cultivated black soil regions of songnen plain 2011, 27 (11):  23-30.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 953710KB )   ( 1026 ) Abstract：We selected five representative regions in different latitude of cultivated black soil regions in sonnen plain, in order to reveal the differences of ecological environment, and the effects of the differences on the fauna composition. All work were done in May, August and October in 2009, and 2242 macro-soil animals of 41 classes and 15050 mid-micro soil animals of 491 classes were captured, which were subordinate to 57 families, 22 orders, 7 classes in 3 phylum. The results showed that individual and group number of the soil animals varied greatly in horizontal distribution of different regions. Macro-soil animals and mid-micro soil animals in Hailun was dominant, not only in individual number but also in group number, and the least was in nenjiang. The vertical distribution showed that mid-micro soil animals mainly lived in the topsoil layer, not like macro-soil animals, but compared with those lived in forest soil, the phenomenon was not apparent. The diversity index of macro-soil animals was Nenjiang > Yi’an > Hailun >Hulan >Suihua, and that in mid-micro soil animals was Hailun> Hulan> Suihua> Nenjiang > Yi’an.

  Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Canine Adenovirus TypeⅠ and Their Identification of Biological Characters 2011, 27 (11):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 765857KB )   ( 1436 ) Abstract:Objective To prepare and identify the monoclonal antibody against canine adenovirus typeⅠ. Methods cell culture fluid of CAV-I were precipitationed by saturated ammonium sulfate, concentrated differential centrifugation, caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation,BALB/c mice were immunized conventionally with the purified CAV-I. On the third day after the final immunization,spleen cells of mice fused with myeloma cells SP2/0 were filtered by culturing selectively,detecting special antibody,ELISA test, and coloning. Two hybridoma cell lines,obtained by culturing in vitro and anabiosis after freezing in a long period which were named C8、E9,could stably secrete McAbs. Results　The subclasses of the two McAbs were IgG2a and IgG1 respectively. Among the two McAbs,the titers of cell cultures ranged from 1∶1600 to 1∶3200 and the titers of ascites fluids ranged from 1∶25600 to 1∶51200. These McAbs were specific to CAV-I,but not reacted with CDV、FPV、FCV.Conclusion McAb against CAV-I has been successfully prepared. It is also a basic for establishing a related diagnoses method.

  Culture of Sika Deer Antler Mesenchymal Layer Cells and Prechonseoblasts and the Effects of SB-431542 on Their Proliferation 2011, 27 (11):  35-38.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 673730KB )   ( 986 ) In this study, the sika deer antler mesenchymal layer cells and prechonseoblasts were isolated and cultured, and the regulatory mechanism of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to cell proliferation and differentiation of deer antler mesenchymal layer cells and prechonseoblasts was explored through the research on the effects of SB-431542, a special small molecular antagonist, on the proliferation of these two kinds of cells. The mesenchymal layer cells and prechonseoblasts were isolated from the sika deer antler which had grown for 30 days and cultured in vitro, and then the mesenchymal layer cells and prechonseoblasts which had been sub-cultured for the second generation were cultured in culture solution with SB-431542 at different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 μmol/L), then MTT assay was performed to detect the changes of cell proliferation activity after 48 hours, and SPSS software was used to analyze the differences of cell proliferation. The results showed that the deer antler mesenchymal layer cells cultured in vitro were fibroblast-like, while the prechonseoblasts were fusiform or spindle-shaped, and trypan blue staining showed that the cell activity was above 90%. The proliferation activity of the mesenchymal layer cells treated by SB-431542 was lower than the control group (P<0.05), while the prechonseoblasts group was higher than the control group (P<0.05), furthermore, the proliferation activity of prechonseoblasts treated by SB-431542 at the concentration of 3μmol/L and 5μmol/L was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.01). The results indicated that TGF-β might play an important role in the process of maintaining the tacho-proliferation of mesenchymal layer cells and inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal layer cells to chondrocytes.

  Effects of Synbiotics on Immune function and Intestinal microflora of Meat-type Quails 2011, 27 (11):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 572815KB )   ( 1073 ) Abstract：The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary synbiotics on immune functiou of meat-type quails．One hundred and twenty one-day-old meat-type quails were allocated to control group and symbiotics group. 60 meat-quails in each group. Control group fed with basal diet，the other was experimental group fed with basal diet supplemented 0.05% synbiotics. The experiment period is 35 days. The results showed that synbiotics increased significantly immune organ indexes, antibody level against ND and E-rosette formation rate, significant difference in 28～35-day-old. Supplementation of synbiotics decreased significantly the of Escherichia coli and Salmonella (P<0.05), but increased obviously the numbers of Lactobacillus in the jejunum of meat quails(P<0.05).

  Effect of Olaquindox on serum antioxidation activity of enzymes in mice 2011, 27 (11):  43-45.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 502352KB )   ( 1185 ) Abstract: Based on the method of toxicology, mice were administered with different dosage olaquindox by intragastric administration in order to investigate the effect of olaquindox on function of serum antioxidation in mice. The results were as follows. Olaquindox had a significant effect on the function of organism antioxidation. Low doses of olqquindox can increase the serum T-AOC in mice, and the high doses can produce a certain Inhibition. Olaquindox with high dose made the activity SOD and GSH-Px of antioxidase system rise, content of MDA and T-AOC lower, suggesting that olaquindox caused the decrease of antioxidation capacity by the regulation of other than GSH-Px and SOD. These antioxidation factors might not only eliminate the activity effect of GSH-Px and SOD, but also reduced significantly the body's antioxidant levels.

  Comparison of argyrophil cells in Digestive Tract of Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius leechii 2011, 27 (11):  46-49.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 2189479KB )   ( 584 ) Abstract: Using the silver niterate method of grimelius to study the distributed density and morp- hology of argyrophil cells in the digestive tract of Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius leech- hii. The results shows : The argyrophil cells could be found throughout the digestive tract of two kinds animals, but the highest density appears differently in digestive tracts of two animals: the distributed density of argyrophil cells in digestive tract of Salamandrella keyserlingii is the highest in rectum and the lowest in stomach ,but the distributed density of argyrophil cells in digestive tract of Hynobius leechii is the highest in pylorica and the lowest in oesophagus. The shapes of argyrophil cells about Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius leechhii are similar and the same situation to the distribution: The shape of argyrophil cells is round, ellipse, tapering, shuttle and so on. The argyrophil cells distribute between glandular epithelial cells，between epithelial cells and at the basal region of epithelial cells, but a few in the lamina propria. The origin of distributive mode of argyrophil cells in the digestive tract of Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius Leechii is related to feeding habit, living environment and physiological function in different regions of digestive tracts.

  the Effects of Lentiviral-directed shRNA on Somatostatin Silencing and the Cell Proliferation of MFC Cells 2011, 27 (11):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 750651KB )   ( 1120 ) Somatostatin could inhibit the growth of the tumor cell, and the correlation between somatostatin and the tumor is becoming a hot topic in oncology. In our research, MFC cells were infected with the lv-shRNA viral stocks targeting somatostatin with pcDNA3.1-SS transfected cells as the positive controls. The results showed that high infection efficiency was gained at 96 h with the fluorescence observation. SS protein level in LV-shRNA infected cells were reduced 49.55% in protein level (P<0.05) detected with RIA. Cell growth curve measured using the MTT assay showed that high levels of SS inhibit the cell growth ability significantly (8.14%, P<0.05). Reversely, lowering SS could stimulate the cell growth ability (19.27%, P<0.05), which identified that SS could inhibit the growth of the tumor cells MFC. This is the first research of the inhibition effects of SS on cell growth via high and ow levels of SS in vitro, and lays theoretical basis for the SS or the SS analogue on the oncotherapy.

  Study on comparisons of Cuora Trifasciata, Mauremys mutica, Cistoclemmys flavomarginatas and the local strain in morphological characteristics 2011, 27 (11):  54-60.  Abstract + ( 1382 )   PDF ( 4622816KB )   ( 851 ) This is the first study on differences comparison about three kinds of rare turtles such as Cuora Trifasciata, Mauremys mutica ,Cistoclemmys flavomarginatas and the local strain in morphological characteristics. It would provide the technical information for the development of appropriate germplasm standards of turtles, conservation and rational use of turtles resources.

  Morphological Variations Analysis of the Genus Cambaridae (Procambarus clarkii and Cambaroides dauricus) in China 2011, 27 (11):  61-65.  Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 627198KB )   ( 1091 ) Morphological data of Procambarus clarkii and Cambaroides dauricus collected from Jiangsu and Heilongjiang provinces in China were analyzed. Thirteen proportion of morphometric trait were measured from crayfish and the degree of morphological variation among populations was calculated using two multivariate analysis. In the principal component analysis of the female populations, three principal components were constructed, the contributory ratio of the first principal component was 62.104%, the second and the third was 14.201% and 7.959% respectively, the cumulative contributory ratio was 84.264%. Accordingly, for the male populations, two principal components were also constructed, their contributory ratios were 77.960% and 7.837% respectively, the cumulative contributory ratio was 85.797%, and the morphological variations in different species were mostly induced by differences of different length and width in body. Discriminant analysis indicated that the identification accuracy of female was 100.0% (P1) and 100.0% (P2), the total discriminant accuracy was 100.0%. The identification accuracy of male was 100.0% (P1) and 100.0% (P2), the total discriminant accuracy was 100.0%. All results supported that coefficient of difference between C. dauricus and P. clarkii were characterized subspecies, which was consistent with the status of their traditional taxonomy and shows feasibility of multivariate analysis in this study.

  Study on the determination method of inorganic arsenic in formula feed of marine fish 2011, 27 (11):  66-69.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 547451KB )   ( 1271 ) Abstract: This essay researched the determination method of inorganic arsenic in formula feed of marine fish. Applied 6mol/L hydrochloric acid as medium, picked up 1h from 70℃, then used active carbon to absorb organic substance such as organic arsenic, applied HG-AFS method to determine the inorganic arsenic content in formula feed of marine fish. the preparation of this method is simple and fast. The detection limit 0.08mg/kg; the recovery range was 85.5%～109.7%; The RSD was 2.6%～9.8%; linear scope0～400μg/L . After examined in 4 different labs using same sample, the result indicated that both the accuracy and nicety of this method satisfied the requirements of determination.The proposed method has been applied to the determination of actual sample with satisfactory results.

  Effects of Different Environment of Fine Manipulation on the Main Biochemistry Components of ‘Dangui’ Oolong Tea 2011, 27 (11):  70-73.  Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 685602KB )   ( 1363 ) In order to investigate the effects of environment of fine manipulation in traditional and air condition on the main biochemistry components of ‘Dangui’ oolong tea, the contents of main chemical components of ‘Dangui’ oolong tea were determined. The dry matter content was 94.72%-97.04% in the natural environment and 94.84%-96.80% in air-conditioned environment. The dry matter content of tea products was slightly lower than that of the fresh leaves; The total tea polyphenols of air-conditioned environment was lower than the natural environment, 27.92%-31.3% and 29.27%-31.56%, respectively, and the total polyphenols of tea product was lower than the fresh leaves; Amino acids contents in the natural environment and air-conditioned environment were 1.90%-2.24% and 1.95 %-2.32%, respectively, and amino acids content of tea products was higher than the fresh leaves; Caffeine content under air-conditioned environment was 2.23%-2.37%, which was decreased comparing with the content of 2.32%-2.66% in the natural environment. The results showed that the contents of caffeine and amino acid were similar, while the contents of the total tea polyphenols were significantly different between the natural environment and air-conditioned environment and the polyphenols and ratio of tea polyphenol and amino acid in air condition were lower. Sensory evaluation showed that the scores of the aroma and endoplasmic of tea product in air-conditioned environment were increased comparing with the natural environment. The temperature and humidity controlled by air-conditioned equipment in the tea processing were good for improving the aroma and quality of oolong tea.

  The Characteristics Chages Study Duing Egg yolk Salting Process 2011, 27 (11):  74-77.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 1520919KB )   ( 2318 ) The salting process of egg yolk will produces moisture, protein and fat of characteristic changes that the quality of egg yolk will have a significant impact. The characteristic changes of salting process in egg yolk have discussed by texture profile、TG/DTA and electron microscope method. The results show that: egg yolk hardness increased as the reduction of moisture in the pre-salted egg yolk and the 17d at peak; the adsorbed water of 22d decreased to 0.628%, the hardness decreased because of changed with protein and egg yolk oil emulsion stability of the structure as the precipitation of egg yolk oil and the fracture of protein particles; the protein particles reduce a half and the egg yolk has softer mouth-feel.

  Preparation of Folic acid artificial antigen and identification of antiserum 2011, 27 (11):  78-81.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 646573KB )   ( 1226 ) Folic acid, as the necessary nutrition of human, can defense many diseases, such as NDFS, so building up a rapid test method of folic acid is important to quality control of food or research in clinic. The Folic acid hapten was synthesized by Williamson synthesis method. immunogen and coating conjugate have been synthesized. Balb/c Mice were immunized with the folic acid conjugated with bovie serum avumin. The antiserum titer determined by indirect ELISA was more than 1.28×105，Using antibodies, the indirect competivive ELISA was established which was suitable for detecting FA: the IC50 was 14.28ng/mL.

  Economics Theories Analysis for Food Safety 2011, 27 (11):  82-87.  Abstract + ( 1276 )   PDF ( 602611KB )   ( 2252 ) At present, the food safety problem has developed into one potential threaten for the social stability which is prerequisite to be solved immediately. In order to seek for the solving measures for food safety problem, based on the theories of information asymmetry, lemon market, game theory and transaction cost theory, does the theories analysis, analyzes the theories reasons for the continuous food safety problems, and puts forward the corresponding policies advice.

  Study on Production Process of Guava Flavor Cake 2011, 27 (11):  88-92.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 621095KB )   ( 1349 ) AA study was made of processing technology for flavor cake with the wild guava in Panzhihua and edible gel as raw materials to define the technological process, the product formulations and the optimum technological parameters. The results showed that choosing the complex gums (carrageenan: xanthan=8:2) as gels was preferred, and the optimal formula for guava cake was guava juice: sucrose: maltodextrin: compound edible gel: compound acid=700:250:150:20:10, and added a small amount of monascus color as a coloring agent. The optimum production conditions were installing thickness of dish 1.2 cm, baking temperature 60℃, upside down time 6 h, total baking time 24 h. Guava cakes product under the conditions above had a light red color, moderate sweet-sour taste, outstanding flavor, better toughness and hardness, no stick teeth, the physicochemical and microbiological indicators were qualified.

  Discussion on the Urban-Rural Balanced Development Pattern of County Economy in Central China 2011, 27 (11):  93-97.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 560373KB )   ( 1085 ) The positive effects of urban-rural balanced development of county economy in central China have been achieved, since the government implemented the strategy to stimulate the rise of central China in 2006. The main experience of urban-rural balanced development in central China lies in coordinating and utilizing resources, location and policy. However, there are many difficulties and problems in the urban-rural balanced development of some weak counties in agriculture and industry of central provinces. Based on the status analysis to the urban-rural balanced development of county economy in central China, the different urban-rural balanced development patterns of county economy in central China were summarized and combed, the actual problems of urban-rural balanced development of central China were raised and also the future development suggestions were proposed.

  The Study on Selection of the Agriculture Ecological Industry in Semiarid Loess Hilly Regions in South Ningxia 2011, 27 (11):  98-103.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 636130KB )   ( 919 ) In order to promote the industry economy development of the semiarid loess hilly region in south, the author used the cost-effective method, relative comparative advantage coefficient, and the relative proportions of comparative method, according to the relative comparative advantage principle, geographic advantages principle, dynamics compare principle and the principle of maximum industrial efficiency, researched on the semiarid loess hilly region’s agriculture ecological advantage industry, from the natural resources dominance, the proportion of output and scale proportion, etc. After researching the economic crops corn, potato and vegetables, the fruit forest as well as plant-eating livestock, were remarkable compared with the superiority, were suitable in the research area development. The results had the positive promoter action to the economy's growth in this area.

  Advances on the Impacts of Ecological Compensation to Regional Development 2011, 27 (11):  104-107.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 509759KB )   ( 1275 ) Based on the design goals of ecological compensation program and the effect of implementation in the ecological compensation project, it becomes the common concern issue for the research on the impacts of PES program between at home and abroad in recent years. First of all, this study reviewed briefly the concept of ecological compensation and its mechanism in domestic and abroad. Then, the article reviewed and analyzed the latest progresses that the implementation of PES program exerted the impacts to the regional development. Finally, the paper put forward some problems, which was related to the program's design of ecological compensation and was urgent need of the improvement in China, so as to provide some references to the researches that the implementation of PES program exerted the impacts to the regional development in China.

  Study on the Rice Regionalization Based on the Factors of the Weather and the Soil in Lianyungang Areas 2011, 27 (11):  108-115.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 765415KB )   ( 1010 ) Middle-mature japonica rice is mainly planted in Lianyungang areas in jiangsu province. The paper mainly studied and analyzed rice ecological environment, rainfall, soil salt content, soil nutrients and heavy metal pollution based on weather and soil materials, the results were as follows. (1) Moisture factor for rice growth is little affected. (2) Parts of the non-plough layer, to the detriment of the high salinity rice growth and development. (3) Single pollution indexes of arsenic(As), plumbum (Pb), cadmium(Cd), chromium mercury and Cu were below 1, pollution share rate was arranged as follows: As (36.07%) >Pb (27.89%) >chromium (14.54%) >Cd (10.39%) >mercury (8.52%) >Cu (2.59%) and As & Pb were the two major pollution resources. Based on the Factors, The area of rice can be further into four sub zone in order to perfect rice regionalization and afford reference to coastal and some similar areas.

  Study on the Relationship Among Yield, Nutrient Efficiency and Benefits of Grain Crop 2011, 27 (11):  116-122.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 1085833KB )   ( 1065 ) Based on the investigation data on farmers’ production in four provinces, this study systematically analyzed the current situation and the relationship among yields, nutrient efficiencies and economic benefits of wheat, maize and rice in China, respectively, and explored limiting factors on high yield, high nutrient efficiency and high economic benefit. The results showed that in study area only few farmers simultaneously achieved the high yield, high nutrient efficiency and high economic benefits, while most of them were still in the status of low yield, low nutrient efficiency and low economic benefit. With the increasing of fertilizer application, grain yield didn’t increase accordingly due to there was no statistically significant correlation between them. However, significantly negative correlation existed between nutrient efficiency and fertilizer application rate. With the increase of yield, there was an obvious increasing of nutrient efficiency and economic benefit, and there was a significant correlation. It was concluded that increase the yield by optimizing management technologies of crop cultivation is a useful way to increase fertilizer use efficiency and farmers’ income.

  An Empirical Analysis of farmers’ willing act to transfer farmland in major grain-producing area ：A Case Study of Jiangxi Province 2011, 27 (11):  123-128.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 548390KB )   ( 1013 ) An Empirical Analysis of farmers’ willing act to transfer farmland in major grain-producing area ：A Case Study of Jiangxi Province XU Feng, QIU Long-yun, WENG Zhen-Lin (Jiangxi Agricultural University"Agriculture Rural peasants" Research Center, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330045，China) Abstract： To conduct empirical analysis on the obtained data of 334 households from 3 villages of 3 major grain-producing counties in Jiangxi province in 2008: Xinjian County, Yongxiu County and Nanchang County. samples by applying econometrics logit model and statistical analysis software SPSS14.0. The age of the householder, the occupation of the householder, the number of the family labor force, the family income ratio of migrant workers, farm labor situation, security function, people’s view, grain price, sources of funding, food distribution channels and other significant factors that affect the farmland transfer. The inductive analysis of the factors that affect farmers to transfer farmlands will have significant influences on the relevant government departments to guide and encourage farmers’ transferring act in order to promote the development of farmland transferring market, regulate the farmland transferring process and increase grain production. Key words：Food business; major grain-producing areas; farmland transfer; willing act; Empirical Analysis

  The Application Study of “Enterprise+Farmer”Mode in Folk Arts and Crafts Industrialization——A Case of Suihua Straw Product Villages 2011, 27 (11):  129-134.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 650911KB )   ( 1043 ) There are divided into two kinds :practical and impractical in Folk Arts and Crafts. “Enterprise+Farmer” mode can solve problems of inefficiencies in mass production and poor marketing channels in the industrial development of practical folk arts and crafts.(such as straw products.)This article drew a conclusion by establishing repeating game models that if producers compose production alliance,(such as Cooperative) ,or their productions bring more benefits to enterprises, or they choose better reputation and larger scale enterprises as cooperative partners, enterprise compliance rate will increase. Base on the above-mentioned conclusions ,it analyzes Suihua“Enterprise+Farmer”modes and put forward some suggestions from perfecting the organization mode,supporting from thegovernment to enterprise, industry reputation maintenance and brand building,etc.

  Research on Land Development and Consolidation Planning Based on MapGIS and AutoCAD 2011, 27 (11):  140-145.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 1699736KB )   ( 1263 ) With respective of their own characteristics and advantages, MapGIS and AutoCAD have been widely used in the field of land development. These two softwares should be flexibly used for extracting the data and information accurately, in further order to make full use of various data resources, improve the planning and design efficiency and realize the data sharing in the ultimate. This is very important with regard to continuously improve the technical content of land consolidation and maintain the balance of the total cultivated land amount. In the search, the relationship of MapGIS and land-use planning, AutoCAD and planning and design had been started with. And then two data sharing realizing problems had been discussed: one was coordinate transformation, the other was data sharing. At last, an example of land consolidation project was researched to analyze the application of MapGIS and AutoCAD in land use, and then maps and land-use structure table were completed in the end.

  Advance of Key Technology Selection for Agro-food Safety Production and Monitoring 2011, 27 (11):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 543311KB )   ( 1651 ) Based on ideas of "needs, problems to be solved, key technology selection"，this paper analysed the requirements of chinese agro-food safety and set forth number of key issues which were existed in chinese agro-food safety production and monitoring. New technologies which were applied in agro-food safety production and monitoring, such as breeding technology of new crop species, safety technology of agro-inputs, modern technology of facility agriculture, intelligent monitoring and information technology of agro-food safety, green storage technology of agro-food, rapid detection technology and retroactive technology of agro-food safety, were generalized,and the direction of applying these new technologies in the field of agricultural products were discussed.

  Study on Agricultural Distance Monitoring and Diagnosing Integration Platform Based on XMPP 2011, 27 (11):  151-154.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 1057464KB )   ( 1211 ) In order to solve distance monitoring and distance diagnosing in the process of agricultural production, This paper used XMPP and Jingle which were XMPP expand protocol as transmission carrier to realize integration of agricultural environment factors monitoring, field distance-vision surveillance and expert distance-vision consultation. Platform used Client/Server structure. Plant environment factors depended on concentrator to transform data to XMPP format. Field distance-vision surveillance and expert distance-vision consultation transform instructions and text data relied on XMPP parsing module. Then these XMPP data were used to communicate with servers. Audio data and video data used Jingle protocol to communicate. Platform had been used in production safety of agricultural products. Agricultural environment factors monitoring, field distance-vision surveillance and expert distance-vision consultation in platform ensured production and quality of agricultural products.

  A MVC based three dimension bin packing system for regular packaging agriculture products 2011, 27 (11):  155-160.  Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 1722589KB )   ( 1394 ) In order to improve the load rate and save logistics cost for agricultural products, the three dimension bin packing model is studied. After detailed analysis about the packing process of agricultural products, we designed the main architecture, work flow and functional module of the system. The three dimension bin packing model is embedded into the system, which is implemented based on MVC design pattern. Based on the information technology combined with J2EE and JAVA3D, the result can be shown in the web browser vividly. The three dimension bin packing system can provide decision support for regular packaging agriculture product enterprises in loading cost savings.

  The Study of Agricultural Products Market Price Transmission Relationship between Original and Sale Market——the empirical analysis of Beijing and Hebei vegetable market 2011, 27 (11):  161-169.  Abstract + ( 1240 )   PDF ( 1340840KB )   ( 1058 ) This article researches agricultural products market price transmission relationship between original and sale market, in order to explore the transmission form, speed and power of agricultural products market price between original and sale market under the conditions of market economy, illustrated by the example of Beijing and Hebei vegetable market, take Chinese cabbage, cucumber and tomato market prices as object, with the help of correlation coefficient, Johansen Co-integration test, Granger causality test, impulse response function, variance decomposition method. Empirical result shows that vegetable market price of Beijing and Hebei relates strongly, which has Co-integration relationship and two-way causal relationship. The price transmission relationship is notable, of which Chinese cabbage and cucumber price transmission rate is 2-order lag, but tomato is 3-order lag. At the conductive process of vegetable price, the guiding force of Beijing, which plays a leading role, is stronger than Hebei province. The transmission type belongs to "demand-pull" typically, and intrinsic transmission power is mainly determined by price fluctuation is caused by supply and demand change of Beijing market. The results also show that, at the case of integration of vegetable in the country to form a large market, the characteristic of manufacturing-according-to-sale has been fully reflected in buyers' market. It proposes that, when the agricultural sector, which plans the vegetable industrial structure according to the trend of sale market, through the establishing of market price of early warning mechanism, the multi-party consultation mechanism, production and marketing joint monitoring mechanism, develops regional vegetable industry, the price of sale market must be fully considered first.

  The Value-added Link Excavation of the Logistics of Agricultural Products 2011, 27 (11):  170-175.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 627910KB )   ( 1364 ) With the development of the information technology, the logistics of modern agricultural products is a real value-added chain that connects storing, transportation, packing, circulation processing and distribution with information technology and network. On the basis of analyzing the problem of the logistics of agricultural products in the increment aspect, this paper constructs the pattern of the logistics of agricultural products under the information platform and excavates the appreciation link of the logistics of agricultural products thoroughly, and then put forward the logistics appreciation measure and view of agricultural products.

  Strategies of Strengthening the Agricultural Technology Extension System du lihua 2011, 27 (11):  176-180.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 552398KB )   ( 1326 ) Agricultural technology extension system is to promote the transformation of the mode of agricultural development. However, the system dominated by the government cannot meet the need of the new rural construction and the rural economic and social development. In terms of the problems in China’s current agricultural technology extension system, many efforts should be done to strengthen the construction of the system. The organization of agricultural technology extension system led by government should be diversified; the security mechanism should be improved; the construction and the quality of a talented team should be strengthened; and the promotion of agricultural science and technology commissioner system should be continued.

  Study on Intensive Land Use Appraise of Country Residential Areas-A Case Study of Kaixian in Chongqing City 2011, 27 (11):  181-186.  Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 825445KB )   ( 1018 ) The level of intensive land use is affected by various factors, including economic factors, social factors, ecological factors, policy, etc. To provide theoretical guidance of intensive use of rural residential land, promote optimal allocation of resources and reasonable land use, ensure the sustainable utilization of the land resources in future, the author took kaixian as an example, build the evaluation index system based on multiple factors of intensive land use in rural residential areas, got the status level through the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model. Currently, the land of most areas were in moderation and extensive use in kaixian county by analyzing the result of the evaluation, for the reason that the current inefficient use of rural residential land, proposed some countermeasures to make sure the land conservation intensive use.

  Analysis on Farmer Behaviors of Updating Rice Varieties and Related Factors----Based on a Survey in Hunan Province 2011, 27 (11):  187-192.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 680695KB )   ( 971 ) Seed is one of the key elements in the production and development of agriculture. Finding the main factor of dominant species of local farmers and guiding the farmers orderly update. Given full role to the rice varieties in the production and development of agriculture, through which would not only enhance rice production and quality, but also increased farmers income. In this paper, it surveyed 144 households of the rice farmers in three township of the main producing areas of double cropping rice in Hunan Province, summarized the external dominant factor that affect the households update behavior of the rice varieties, and used of three Logistic model for the further empirical analysis on the internal factors. Based on the results of investigation and analysis, it was think that agricultural extension agencies still played an important role in guiding farmers to update the varieties, and farmers’ accumulated cultivation habits is one of the important factors, and thus proposed the corresponding countermeasures.

  Induced birth control: The new rural policy 2011, 27 (11):  193-197.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 544790KB )   ( 1283 ) Family planning is China's basic national policy ,which ensure population and economic resources to achieve sustainable development. Through the historical review and comparative analysis, we believe that the mandatory birth control based on the high-handed policy, although they have achieved the purpose of controlling the rural population over-growth, seriously have damaged the ralations between party and farmers; voluntary birth control policy, which is based on fertility of farmers ideas improved and higher levels of economic and social development ,which is difficult to produce expected results in the current moment China, it will lead to a misunderstanding of farmers,and lead to a new round of small peak fertility; Therefore, Inducement birth control policy that "reward-based, supplemented by punishment", the practical benefits by building a better social security system step by step can guide farmers consciously controlling birth, finally achieve the Coordinated development between population、economy and society.

  Analysis on Precipitation Characteristics and Drought-Flood in Huachuan County of Sanjiang Plain for nearly 60 Years 2011, 27 (11):  198-202.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 862294KB )   ( 1174 ) Droughts and floods are the main threats to the agricultural production, uneven distribution of precipitation is the important reason. Based on the precipitation records observed from the meteorological stations in Huachuan from 1967 to 2008, the characteristics of precipitation variation and regularity of drought and flood were analyzed with linear trend estimation method, mutation check, wavelet analysis and standard precipitation index (SPI). The results indicated that the precipitation over the same period with the growing season, and the distribution of monthly precipitation was not even. The difference of yearly showed a great degree, showed significant decreasing trends. Spring drought, summer and autumn floods were more serious, obvious features of the performance of droughts and floods in universality, seasonal, continuity and stage etc. On this basis, recommendations for the prevention of droughts and floods were advised, in order to guide the local agricultural production.

  NDVI Changes and Their Relation with Climate Factors in Chengde Based on SPOT-VGT 2011, 27 (11):  203-212.  Abstract + ( 1569 )   PDF ( 1725159KB )   ( 1497 ) In order to quickly and accurately extract vegetation situation, analyze vegetation change, protect vegetation and provide favorable environment for survival of mankind, this research used 10-day SPOT VEGATION NDVI time-series data and meteorological data from 1998 to 2007 in chengde district of hebei province, using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods, to analyze vegetation change and correlations between NDVI and driving factors including air temperature, precipitation and land surface temperature of chengde district during these 10 years. The results showed that vegetation grew best in July and August every year. The lowest value of NDVI appeared in 2000, the highest value of NDVI appeared in 2005. Correlation between vegetation and temperature, precipitation and surface temperature were weak positive, and also were significant linear relationship. The correlation between annual average NDVI and annual average temperature was higher（0.24）than that of precipitation（0.07）and surface temperature（0.02）. Significant NDVI change in 2005 was mainly distributed in the north of chengde district, that is to say, bashang area in fengning and weichang counties. Vegetation grew better in area of temperature 20-24℃, surface temperature 20-30℃ and 10-40 mm precipitation. In space, vegetation in the study area was affected by air temperature more significantly than precipitation and surface temperature.

  Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activit in the Suburban Area in Chongqing-A Case Study of Xiema Town, Beibei District 2011, 27 (11):  213-218.  Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 732636KB )   ( 933 ) In order to investigate the effects on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of different land use patterns in the suburban of Chongqing, the author analyzed the soil nutrients content and enzyme activities under different land use patterns with the methods of collecting field samples and laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil nutrients and enzyme activities had obvious differences among the land use patterns. The content of organic matter and alkali-hydro nitrogen were the highest in the three different soil layers of paddy field; phosphorus was the highest in the layer of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm of upland field and performed: upland field>vegetable field>paddy field>orchard field, then 40-60 cm performed: upland field >paddy field>vegetable field>orchard field. The available potassium was highest in 0-20 cm of orchard field, secondly was paddy field, then was upland field and the lowest was vegetable field. Soil urease activity in 0-20 cm performed: upland field>vegetable field>paddy field>orchard field. Soil catalase in 0-20 cm performed: paddy field>orchard field=vegetable field>upland field. Soil available nutrients reached significant level in each layer under different land use patterns mostly, but soil enzyme activities were not obvious (P<0.05).

  Design and Application on Meteorological Service System of Sunlight Greenhouse 2011, 27 (11):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 629221KB )   ( 816 ) The information of gale, strong temperature drop, heavy snow, successive overcast weather and other disasters, and diseases and pests is warned and preventing measure is given, by analyzing status of the climate background, physiological index, producing environment of diseases and pests and cultivation techniques, using remote monitoring system in greenhouse real-time monitoring of meteorological factors. Also, greenhouse microclimate is simulated. Agricultural weather forecast of chemical spray, irrigation, cover and ventilation is developed, meteorological service system of greenhouse is established, capacity of meteorological services for agriculture is improved and the economic efficiency is enhanced.

  Progress in Functions of Organic Agriculture in Soil Carbon Sequestration and Biodiversity 2011, 27 (11):  224-230.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 594489KB )   ( 1545 ) Soil carbon sequestration plays an important role in global warming and concerns for it has been increased. Management measurements of organic agriculture such as applying organic manures, conservation tillage, straw return and rotation could promote soil aggregates and increased microbial activity, enhanced increasing SOC, which influences soil carbon sequestration greatly. The effects of organic agriculture on soil carbon sequestration and biodiversity were reviewed objectively and in detail in this paper. There are a few studies in this field in China and more researches should be taken in this field.

  Technologies on Soil Microbiology Diversity 2011, 27 (11):  231-235.  Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 551575KB )   ( 1760 ) In order to be more effective and completive to research soil microbiology diversity, a series of laboratory methods for the current study soil microbial diversity at home and abroad were reviewed, including plate count, Biolog micro-plates, PFLA analysis and molecular biological techniques. The author illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of several methods, especially emphasis on which method should be selected during the experiment, provided a lot of basic information and advice for researchers.

  Review on the Response of Soil Fauna to Soil Quality Change 2011, 27 (11):  236-240.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 501055KB )   ( 1113 ) The biological indication of soil fauna to the environment of soil quality has been a hot issue of general interest in soil ecology around the world. The paper reviewed the indices of soil quality, the indication of the soil fauna and the relationships between the indication of soil fauna and the soil quality. It pointed out that soil fauna had a sound foundation and application prospect to indicate the soil quality. Moreover, the future researches in the field of the bio-indication of soil fauna to the soil quality changes were also prospected. Therefore, expecting and desiring these review can provide theories and practice to soil conservation, soil health maintain, concentrated fertilization and bring the soil fauna to the system of soil quality evaluation.

  Survey of Planting Pollution Sources and Countermeasures in Yanqing County, Beijing 2011, 27 (11):  241-245.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 756817KB )   ( 960 ) Planting is one of the main pollution sources of Yanqing County, where located Guanting Reservoir, the strategic water resource of Beijing. In order to control agricultural non-point source pollution and ensure the safe of water resource field, it is necessary to learn the pollution status. Survey methods were applied to find out the Planting source of Yanqing County in 2007, and analyze the chemical farming inputs (fertilizers, chemical pesticides and plastic film) as well as wastage (crop straw) production utilization. The overall pollution was evaluated on the basis of survey. The results showed that, the total amount of fertilizer application of Yanqing County was 16169.72 tons (pure), in which nitrogen fertilizers was 11408.88 tons, accounting for 70.6%. The total nitrogen (TN) loss of Planting accounted for 52.4% of total nitrogen emissions, which is the serious source of nitrogen emission. Phosphorus loss accounted for 35.1% of total amount. Artificial herbicide-Atrazine is more prominent pesticides, application rate was 28,129.97 kg per year. Seven towns (Kangzhuang, Yanqingzhen, Zhangshanying, Jiuxian, Yongning, Xiangying, Jingzhuang) are the key emission sources, which neighbored to the Guanting Reservoir, become key threats to water quality. Finally, four control measures were proposed from three levels of the source block, process control and end treatments according to the types and causes of the main sources.

  Application of Walnut Shell and Peanut Hull in Dealing Soil Contaminated by Pb 2011, 27 (11):  246-249.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 567826KB )   ( 1135 ) In order to study repairing methods for soil contaminated by Pb, eco-friendly material walnut shell and peanut hull were used to remedy soil contaminated by Pb. By artificial methods of soil pollution and adding different proportions of repairing material, the ratio changes of active state of heavy metals were evaluated and a scientific assessment was made to provide a scientific basis for restoration of soil contaminated by Pb. The results showed that: (1)walnut shell and peanut hull were applicable to the light soil contaminated by Pb, in the simulation the decreased range of effective state of Pb was 17.59%-19.22%; (2)for the same pollution level, different proportion of walnut shell and peanut hull had different effects in repairing, at the given dosage range, the best ratio was 5%; (3)walnut shell and peanut hull were not applicable to serious soil contaminated by Pb; (4) peanut hull had a better repair effect on lead contaminated soil than walnut shell’s effect.

  The Study on the Regionalization of the Abundance and Deficiency of the Soil Main Nutrients in Nanping Ttobacco-growing Areas 2011, 27 (11):  250-257.  Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 4203756KB )   ( 796 ) The spatial distribution characteristics of the representative tobacco-growing soil nutrients in Nanping areas were studied based on the status of the contents of the main nutrients and the platform of GIS, GPS and GS, and then the regional evaluation was made out. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus and available phosphorus were respectively 25.97 g/kg, 1.61 g/kg, 146.05 mg/kg, 0.57 g/kg and 28.80 mg/kg; the area, in which the content was above medium respectively accounted for 56.34%, 61.56%, 48.99%, 65.36% and 82.12% of the total cultivated area. The average contents of total and available potassium were respectively 16.34 g/kg and 90.02 mg/kg; the area, in which the content was above lower (besides the rich region) respectively accounted for 72.26% and 58.90%. Total phosphorus, available potassium and available phosphorus could be divided into three type regions, and others just two.

  Application of GIS on Construction Land Suitability Evaluation of Huafang Village 2011, 27 (11):  258-261.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1363781KB )   ( 751 ) Suitability evaluation of villages’ construction land is the foundation of village land use planning, contributing to new rural construction and overall planning of city and countryside development. The author chose Huafang village in Chongqing Banan area as the research object. The method of minimum factors’ weight square was adopted to determine the index weight, using which weighted sum was calculated. Specifically, spatial analysis with GIS gave 4 levels of land suitability evaluation of the village: the best appropriate, the better appropriate, the appropriate and the non-appropriate. After that, the map of construction land suitability evaluation of the study region was drawn. The results showed that in Huafang village, Tianjing hill and the neighboring area were not suitable for construction layout, while Lizhi community, Chenjiazui community and Taoyuanzi community were relatively suitable for construction layout. On the whole, ‘Bayu New Village’ could be implemented in this village. Through the introduction of GIS technology, the scientific property and work efficiency were improved. Also, scientific basis was offered to improve the distribution of construction land.

  The Research of Crop Ecological Suitability Based on Spatial Clustering - Case of Beijing 2011, 27 (11):  262-265.  Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 1363781KB )   ( 877 ) Building the evaluation unit with GIS technology, selecting the key factors of crop environment, and then use spatial cluster analysis to build the crop ecological suitability evaluation system. It has a good application in evaluation of crop suitability analysis, crop introduction regional analysis and characteristics crop area expansion. It has a guiding role distribution and adjustment of planting structure, with a strong scientific, practical and operational.

  Discussion on Desertification Combating and the Countermeasures in Hexi Corridor 2011, 27 (11):  266-270.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 600477KB )   ( 1043 ) Hexi corridor is one of the most serious areas of desertification. The special geographical environment and the arid climate factors are the natural background of regional land desertification development. Unreasonable human activities and the contradiction relationship of human and earth are the internal source of aggravation of desertification extended. Analysis of the desertification situation of the Hexi corridor showed that: three drainage area of the Hexi corridor would be regarded as three eco-economic systems and be unified planed and systemic treated: adjust the regional structure of industry; develop the agriculture style of water saving and establish ecological economy model. The technology support would be strengthened on the desertification control and the related research of desertification was widely developing to promote the benefit of the desertification. Meanwhile, it would eliminate the effect of human factor by improving population quality and people’s life condition, solving the outstanding problems of economic and social development.

  Characterization for Rhizobacterial Community Structure of Artemisia intramongolica in Deserts 2011, 27 (11):  271-275.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 595935KB )   ( 1137 ) Analysis and construction of library based on 16S rDNA gene, this study comparatively characterize the rhizobacterial community structure of Artemisia intramongolica sampled from Deserts of Hunsaderk and Mowosu. The results showed that rhizobacteria of Artemisia intramongolica composed of nine groups, i.e. Gemmatimonadetes (4.26%/2.08%, Hunsaderk/Mowos, the same with followings), Acidobacteria (2.15%/2.08%), Actinobacteria (10.64%/8.33%), Bacteroidetes (2.13%/4.17%), Chloroflexi (0/2.08%), α-proteobacteria (65.96%/56.25%), β-proteobacteria (0/6.25%), δ-proteobacteria (2.08%/2.13%) and γ-proteobacteria (10.64%/2.08%). Similar rhizobacterial community structure suggested that the associated plant was crucial for rhizobacteria composition, but some important difference between the plants from two deserts were observed, one of which was some photosynthetic bacteria existed in rhizosphere of Artemisia intramongolica from Mowosu while not in that from Hunsaderk.

  Promotion Prospects on PV Water Pumping Technology in Tibet 2011, 27 (11):  276-280.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 659954KB )   ( 1142 ) In order to provide a scientific basis to the development of PV water pumping technology in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet with energy shortage, this paper analyzed the solar energy resources and advantages and potentials of solar PV water pumping technology application and dissemination in Tibet after giving an introduction on the current status of solar PV water pumping technology. Then, the economic evaluation of solar PV water pumping technology was studied.

  A Study on the Wetland Culture Tourism Development in Jiangxi 2011, 27 (11):  281-287.  Abstract + ( 1323 )   PDF ( 786457KB )   ( 1199 ) With the increased development of eco-tourism, the wetland tourism has become a hot tour item in China. The tourism resources of wetland in Jiangxi is very rich and has got some development in recent years. But the developing degree is lower focusing on few tourism products,for example watching birds in Poyang Lake in winter.It was paid inadequate attention to the culture of wetland ,so the tourism market has not formed corresponding culture tourism products. This paper analyze the types and specialty of tourism resources of wetland culture in Jiangxi.Aiming at the market of wetland tourism in Jiangxi ,the author do some investigate to design the products about wetland culture tourism, in order to raise the level of tourism market of wetland in Jiangxi.

  Revelation from Taiwan Leisure Agriculture Development 2011, 27 (11):  288-291.  Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 536929KB )   ( 912 ) From 70’s ages to now, leisure agriculture of Taiwan had experienced four development stages, which were germination, growth, exploration and promotion. This paper reviewed the four development stages to summarize five noteworthy characteristics, including actively promoted by government, distinct individuality and variety styles, coordinated construction, innovational development and strengthen intermediary service. Taiwan leisure agriculture experience can be used for reference. The mainland should seize the right time to promote forward of leisure agriculture, while paying attention to the government support, laying the great stress on management tactics, influencing brand building, perfecting product development and service, reinforcing laws and regulations construction.

  Study on the Landscape Design of the Wetland Park Construction 2011, 27 (11):  292-296.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 567584KB )   ( 1574 ) Wetland park has become an important way in national wetland management and protection system in China. However, some problems concerning the landscape design have occurred with the rapid construction, since lack of uniform regulations and principles. Through analyzing the problems of landscape design of the wetland park construction, the paper determined the definition, elements and design goals of the landscape in wetland parks. The landscape in wetland parks was composed of the water, biological and cultural elements. The important principles as ecology, people-centered and aesthetic should be followed in landscape design of wetland parks. To give some guides for the future wetland landscape design, it discussed the content and method of landscape design in the wetland experience, the function show zone and for the service facility.

  Advantage of Resources to Carry out National Tea Culture Tourism 2011, 27 (11):  297-300.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 542185KB )   ( 1266 ) The organic combination of planting, production, processing, testing and tourism, form an ecological tourism contained relaxtion and cultural foundation is an organism of improving the quality of tourism and publicizing, populatizing tea culture from a brand new perspective in current. Yunnan national tea culture originated from the unique natural environment, abundant resources, full range of tea varieties, colourful and varied national tea culture, abundant national tea culture traces, a wide selection of colours and designs, elegant craft of puer tea and craft. As an important component part of modern tourism, the national tea culture not only enriched the intension of modern tourism, but also enhanced it’quality, met the tourists’ demands in culture. There will be more people know tea culture, pay attention to knowledge of tea, buy tea products, if national tea culture tourism is developed. Thus, the market of tea will develop healthfuly, drive the economic growth of the tea trades for doing national tea culture tourism well, it’s necessary to increase protection services in wild-type tea garden and ancient tea garden, enhance the depth of excavation to national tea culture of Yunnan’s unique once again, organically integrate the abundant national tea culture into the tourism, so as to publicize and popularize the tea culture better.