Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.9 Published:25 April 2011

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  Advance in Rational Colse Planting and its Mechanism of Superior Quality and High Yield in Rice 2011, 27 (9):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 567985KB )   ( 1427 ) Rational colse planting that was one of the important measure for superior quality and high yield of rice which included rational basic seeding per hill, rational unit area hills and rational row-spacing configuration. In order to provide guiding for rice superior quality and high yield, the acticle had summarized the effects of planting density on rice yield and quality from three aspects of basic seedling, planting density and row-spacing configuration.

  Research Advances in Genetic Diversity and its Ecological Conservation of Endangered Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) 2011, 27 (9):  5-11.  Abstract + ( 1496 )   PDF ( 636929KB )   ( 1070 ) Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR), containing massive excellent characters and advantageous genes, is a precious germplasm resource for genetic improvement of cultivars. However, DXWR is critically threatened with dramatic decrease and even extinction, thus it is extremely urgent to evaluate and conserve genetic diversity of surviving DXWR. Researches on genetic diversity of DXWR are important to dissect its evolution mechanism and to enhance its utilization in rice breeding program. From several angles of different conservations, various years, different generations, other ecological types of wild rice and cultivars, therefore, this paper briefly reviews the recent progress on genetic diversity of DXWR and its endangered status. Through analysis of the current problems, the authors consider that it is supposed to establish a scientific and unified evaluation system for genetic diversity, and point out prospects of further studies on genetic diversity in DXWR and its corresponding ecological conservation.

  Study on the Peanut Cultivation Production Status and Development Countermeasure in Xinjiang Province 2011, 27 (9):  12-16.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 594844KB )   ( 1227 ) This article analyzes the peanut cultivation and the production status in Xinjiang Province, elaborates the peanut development's tendency and the characteristic as well as the existence question in Xinjiang Province. Combining with modern peanut industry technology development direction, optimizes, the scientific research investment, the prospects for development from the peanut's variety is an objective point in Xinjiang Province, regarding promotes the peanut scientific innovation level large scale in Xinjiang Province, realizes the peanut production " high yield, good quality, high efficiency, ecological balance and food security" the goal has the important strategic sense.

  Research Progress of Major Identification Indicators in the Cotton Drought-resistance 2011, 27 (9):  17-20.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 575533KB )   ( 1307 ) This paper summarizes the research progress home and abroad identification of indicators in the cotton drought-resistance from seven areas of that morphological index, growth and development indicators, output targets, physiological, biochemical, ecological indicators and integrated indicators. It describes the various aspects of cotton characters on each growth period and growth period of drought stress. The paper proposes the major identification of indicators and methods in the Cotton Drought-resistance. It has practical value on making cotton breeding strategies and drought-resistance farming cultivation in actual practices and achieving a bumper harvest of cotton drought-resistance.

  Applications of Flow Cytometry in Plant Research——Analysis of Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level in Plant Cells 2011, 27 (9):  21-27.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   PDF ( 713229KB )   ( 2263 ) As an efficient tool to measure the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level, flow cytometry has been playing very important role in many fields of botany research. Through plenty of flow cytometry experiments, a set of universal experimental procedure for detecting the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level was summarized in the laboratory of molecular ecology, Lanzhou University. At the same time, we had elaborated key points at every experimental stage and solutions to the problems caused by too much fragments which could result in the failure of an experiment, which might provide guidance for the future experiments, and promote applications of flow cytometry in plant research.

  Research Progress of Interaction between Plant and Microorganism 2011, 27 (9):  28-33.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 564286KB )   ( 3031 ) Plants and the microorganisms in their growth environment have close relationships, which form the plant-microorganism symbiont system and interact mutually. Plants affect microbial community composition in the surroundings and the microorganisms also have an influence on plant growth. It is of great importance for agricultural production to understand and recognize the interaction between plants and microorganisms. This paper reviewed the effects of plant types and root exudates on the microbial community composition and diversity, stated the influences of rhizosphere microbes, phyllosphere microbe and endophyte (including the endophytic fungus, the endophytic bacteria and the endophytic actinomycete) on plant growth, and prospected the related research interests in the future.

  Regulation of Abiotic Factors on the Plasticity of Plant Root Development 2011, 27 (9):  34-38.  Abstract + ( 1423 )   PDF ( 583353KB )   ( 1513 ) Plant root show high plasticity under different soil conditions. Genetically identical plants can significantly differ in root system architecture depending on their environments and this consequently will affect the efficiency of nutrients and water uptake, which ultimately determine the yield. The plasticity of plant root development and how abiotic factors affecting root development are reviewed in this paper. The application of root trait information in crop breeding is also discussed.

  Current Progress in the Research on the Type III Effectors of Xanthomonas 2011, 27 (9):  39-45.  Abstract + ( 1439 )   PDF ( 618152KB )   ( 1797 ) Many pathogenicities of Xanthomonas depend on a conserved type III secretion system which injects type III effectors into the plant cell, causing the host's immune response or susceptibility. Here, we present an overview about the classification of type III effectors from Xanthomonas and the main function of Avrbs3, AvrRxv /YopJ, XopN, XopD family. The effector proteins with enzymatic functions in the interaction of Xanthomonas with its host plants were highlighted, for example, the SUMO protease activity of XopD; Effectors of the AvrBs3 family can mimic plant transcriptional activators and manipulate the plant transcriptome; XopN suppresses PAMP-triggered immune responses during Xcv infection. Some of those expertly studied in depth and the interaction with their host factors were reviewed in detail. Finally, the impact of the type Ⅲ effectors’ research on plant disease resistance genetic engineering and the future prospects of research direction about the type III effectors were discussed.

  Recent Advance of Chinese Herb-Asarum 2011, 27 (9):  46-50.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 620279KB )   ( 2308 ) Xixin (Asarum) is a traditional Chinese medicine, possessing complex chemical composition. It shows not only pharmacological activity, but also activity against pests and phytopathogens in agriculture. In this article, the distribution, chemical composition and bioactivity of Xixin is reviewed.

  Study on the Effect of Organic Manure on Improving the Quality of Farm Products 2011, 27 (9):  51-56.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 612882KB )   ( 1566 ) It is well known but lack of systemic research that abuse of chemical fertilizers may degrade, while using organic manure can improve the quality of farm products. This article has investigated into the relative research results about the relationship between the quality of farm products and organic manure in soil science, fertilizer science, plant nutrition physiology and food science points of view. The research results are hoped to reveal the key factors controlling the quality of farm products.

  Genetic Segregation Analysis of Chalky Rice Kernel Rate in Japonica Hybridization ‘Liaojing 326×Shashani’ 2011, 27 (9):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 607707KB )   ( 881 ) Inheritance of chalky rice rate of north japonica rice was studied by using quantitative character genetic analysis method, with hybrid progenies F1, F2 of ‘Shashani’ (chalky rice rate was 2.5%) and ‘Liaojing 326’(chalky rice rate was 72.3%), which had significant difference in chalky rice rate. The results showed that: (1) chalky rice rate was greatly affected by the maternal plant and no genetic segregation occurs among F2 grains born on F1 plant. (2) The variation of chalky rice rate among grains born on F2 plant was mainly caused by genetic factors, its genetic model was additive-dominance-epistasis major genes additive-dominance polygenes with two major genes, and low chalky rice rate express dominant trait. (3) The heritability of major genes was 90.38% and the heritability of polygenes is 0.11%, and there was a pair of major gene with great effects.

  Effect of Fertilize Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer Quantity on Yield and Eating Quality Properties of Rice ‘Jinchuan 1’ 2011, 27 (9):  61-64.  Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 567252KB )   ( 1054 ) Tianjin region of high-quality japonica Cultivated rice varieties ‘Jinchuan 1’ as the experimental material to study the different fertilization date and nitrogen fertilizer quantity on the yield of rice, regular rice quality, the unpolished rice ratio and rice RVA characteristics of taste. The results showed that fertilization date and nitrogen fertilizer quantity on yield of unpolished rice ratio, chalky ratio, amylose content, RVA peak viscosity, hot pose viscosity and setback, palatability value of indicators were significantly different in the low N treatment and high N treatment, the first fertilization date compared with the other two, higher yields and milling quality of rice, rice amylose and protein, RVA spectrum eigenvalue, the appearance and taste of rice and other physical and chemical indicators were more excellent. Therefore, this species ‘Jinchuan 1’, the rice entered the heading stage panicle was applied as soon as possible. The best eating quality and the highest yield of rice were obtained in the first fertilization date.

  Effect of Hyacinth Mulching on Kalium Uptake and Utilization of Rice (Oryza .sativa L.) 2011, 27 (9):  65-71.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 889387KB )   ( 1110 ) With the development of agriculture, more and more nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were supplied in field rice growth in China. But in the mass, Kalium (K) was absent in many areas. Hyacinth could absorb large quantities of Kalium and concentrate them in their tissues. In this study, the field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hyacinth mulching on rice Kalium concentration, uptake, efficiency and allocation at different growth stages. Took ‘Yun 2645’ as material, the Kalium uptake and utilization of rice were evaluated under two different levels of N input: low (LN, 120 kg/hm2) and normal N (NN, 240 kg/hm2) in 2009. The results showed that: (1) Compared with AMB, hyacinth mulching significantly increased K concentration in rice plant over the season, and the increasing rate was gradual decline from mid-tillering to heading, but from heading to maturity the increasing rate was gradual addition, hyacinth mulching significantly increased Kalium accumulation in rice plant. (2) Hyacinth mulching had no obvious effect on Kalium allocation pattern in leaves and stems of rice over the season, significantly decreased Kalium allocation pattern in spikes at grain maturity. (3) Hyacinth mulching resulted in the significant decrease in K use efficiency for biomass (KUEp) over the season, K use efficiency for grain yield (KUEg) and K harvest index (KHI) decreased under hyacinth mulching. (4) Kalium concentration and accumulation at different growth stages of rice increased with increasing N supply (P < 0.01), but KUEp and KUEg showed the opposite trends. (5) Interactions between hyacinth mulching × N were not observed for K uptake and utilization. Hyacinth mulching increased K concentration and K uptake, decreased KUEp and KUEg at different growth stages of rice.

  The Biological Effects of He-Ne and Nd:YAG Laser on Rice Seeds at Germinating Stage 2011, 27 (9):  72-75.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 627615KB )   ( 1040 ) This experiment study on the germination stage of rice seeds that have been treated with Laser irradiation. Three different varieties of rice seeds were irradiated with different doses (4.8 J/cm2~36 J/cm2) of the He-Ne and Nd: YAG laser. The germination rate and germination energy of M1 generation were detected. Results indicated that the germination energy and germination rate increased with radiation dose to a degree, then decreased. The optimal dose of He-Ne laser of each kind of seed was 12 J/cm2, 14.4 J/cm2 and 21.6 J/cm2. The optimal dose of Nd:YAG laser was 14.4 J/cm2 and 21.6 J/cm2. Experimental results showed that the appropriate dose of laser can improve germination energy and germination rate. The sensitivity of the laser is different between different kinds of seed. It indicates that it may be feasible for bringing about good biological effect for seed irradiated by laser. It would provide theoretical and experimental basis for breeding irradiated by laser.

  Effect of Spring Low Temperature on Different Sowing Date Winter Wheat Frozen Injury on the Arid Area of Southern Shanxi Province 2011, 27 (9):  76-80.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 650781KB )   ( 917 ) In order to resist the adverse effect of spring low temperature on wheat frozen injury, and to improve frost resistance of winter wheat, this experiment was conducted to study the effect of spring low temperature on different sowing date winter wheat frozen injury to leaves, internodes and spikes by using a randomized block design in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The results showed that the rate of freezing injury to leaves per plant increased gradually with putting off sowing date with the range from 3.0% to 55.4%. The rate of freezing injury to tillering leaves per plant was higher than that of main stem leaves with the difference of 16.6%. Association of the rate of freezing injury to leaves per plant with fresh weight per plant and green leaves per plant was higher than that with other biological characters. The freezing injury to internodes also tended to get heavier along with delaying sowing date and damage degree of the 1st internodes was slighter than that of the 2nd one. The rate of freezing injury to spikes was higher at the two ends of sowing date than that of the medium sowing date, the injury on October 22th was the lightest, on October 12th was damaged most seriously and the range was 11.58%. The reason for difference among different treatments was also analyzed in this study, and putting forward that cultivating the strong seedling before winter was one effective measure to prevent and relieve the freezing injury in spring.

  Primery Study of Resistance Homologenes RGA-A Contained NBS in Wheat 2011, 27 (9):  81-84.  Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 1680249KB )   ( 1026 ) In this study, resistance gene homology cDNA sequence from wheat was isolated by using homology-based method. The primers were designed according to the conserved sequence of resistance gene and a 525 bp fragment was isolated from TcLr24. BLASTp analysis showed that the deduced amino acids of protein consisted of a NBS conserved domain, which were identical to the conserved domains of many plant resistance genes. The sequence appeared to be induced by Puccinia triticina and was induced genes in the wheat leaf tissue by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The sequence which provide the short cut for researching of wheat resistance gene.

  Physiologic Specialization of Wheat Stripe Rust in Gansu Province during 2004-2009 2011, 27 (9):  85-90.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 579969KB )   ( 1007 ) New virulent race’s occurrence and development are dominant factors of stripe rust disease outbreak and breakdown of resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivars. In this paper, 1966 wheat stripe rust samples, which were collected from different regions in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2009, were detailedly studied through routine monitoring, pathogenicity test, antivims spectra analysis and so on. Here 37 races and pathotypes were detected; that basically reflected the changes of dominant pathotypes and physiologic races in Gansu during this period. Except for ‘CYR33’ as well as ‘CYR32’ as parallel first dominant races with frequency of 24.1% in 2005, ‘CYR33’ is always the first dominant race during 2004~2009 together with the frequencies of 29.3%, 26.2%, 33.5%, 38.0% and 21.5%, respectively, while ‘CYR32’ was the second dominant race. Total frequencies of these two races were varied from 37.5% to 57.1%. The third and fourth dominant races were respectively ‘shuiyuan 11-4’, ‘shuiyuan 11-7’, ‘shuiyuan 11-5’ and ‘CYR31’ during 2004-2006, ‘shuiyuan 11-7’ (IIS), ‘shuiyuan 11-7’ in 2007, and ‘CYR33’ (anti-F) and ‘shuiyuan 11-4’ in 2008, with the frequencies of 4.1%~11.6%. Whereas in 2009, ‘CYR33’ (anti-F, frequency 18.9%) and ‘shuiyuan 4’ (anti-F) were the second and fourth dominant races, respectively. And other races had lower frequencies. Total frequencies of Hybrid46 and shuiyuan 11 pathotypes rapidly increased from 93.1% in 2004 to 99.4% in 2008. Wheat stripe rust had entered into a new stage of predominant Hybrid46 (represented by ‘CYR33’ and ‘CYR32’) and shuiyuan 11 pathotypes. And ‘CYR32’, ‘CYR33’, Yr9, Yr3b+4b and YrSu were the dominant races and pathotypes. This will significantly affects on stock compositions of our national wheat stripe rust, and provides scientific basis for wheat rust-resistant breeding and control.

  Effect of N Application on Dry Matter Accumulation, Fresh and Dry Yields of ‘Lincao 2’ 2011, 27 (9):  91-95.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 627090KB )   ( 1029 ) Effect of N application on dry matter accumulation, fresh and dry yields of ‘Lincao 2’ were studied under field experiment. The results showed that, dry matter accumulation, fresh and dry yields of ‘Lincao 2’ were increased with N application rate. ‘Lincao 2’ had the highest fresh and dry yields, and N fertilizer had the most use efficiency when N application rate was 300 kg/hm2. Dry matter accumulation, fresh and dry yields changed little at more N application rate. 70% N as basal and 30% N drop dressing at jointing stage was favorable for dry matter accumulation, fresh and dry yields increasing of ‘Lincao 2’ than all N as basal, when at the same application N rate. High yields and high efficiency cultivation of ‘Lincao 2’ could be realized under N application at 300 kg/hm2 (70% basal and 30% top dressing at jointing stage).

  Crossability Between Hexaploid Avena nuda L. and T. aestivum 2011, 27 (9):  96-99.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 507233KB )   ( 974 ) Distant hybridization between four kinds of Avena nuda L. and T. aestivum were conducted by reciprocal mating modes. Crossability between hexaploid Avena nuda L. and T. Aestivum was studied. Hybrid seed set ratios were investigated. Hybrid was inducted callus. The results showed that: different varieties and different mating modes made difference in crossability between hexaploid Avena nuda L. and T. Aestivum. Seed set ratios of ‘Baiyan2’ hybrids were the highest among all hybrids by ‘Baiyan2’ as female and T. Aestivum as male. That was 12.98%. Seed set ratios of ‘Baiyan5’ hybrids were the highest among all hybrids by ‘Baiyan5’ as male and T. Aestivum as female. That was 6.25%. Seed set ratios between the same parents were different with different mating modes. Rates of calli induced of all hybrids were high.

  Effect of Different Illumination Intensity on Soil Physical Properties and Yields of North-East Spring Maize 2011, 27 (9):  100-105.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 929865KB )   ( 916 ) The four different direction ridges which indicate different illumination intensity. East-west Ridge, South-north Ridge, South-east Ridge and South-west Ridge were designed in this experiment. Effect of different illumination intensity on Ridge temperature, furrow temperature, water content of soil and yields of maize were analyzed. Effect of different illumination intensities on Ridge temperature showed that South-north Ridge > East-west Ridge > South-east Ridge > South-west Ridge. Effect of different illumination intensity on furrow temperature showed that South-east Ridge > South-north Ridge > East-west Ridge > South-west Ridge. Effect of different illumination intensity on water content of soil showed that South-north Ridge > South-east Ridge > East-west Ridge > South-west Ridge. Effect of different illumination intensity on yields showed that South-west Ridge > South-north Ridge > East-west Ridge > South-east Ridge. But all results didn’t show significance level of difference in different disposes, this suggested that cultivation pattern of Different Direction Ridges was not important factor for soil physical properties and yields.

  Regulating Effect of Maize Seeds Soaked in the Four Plant Growth Regulator Solution 2011, 27 (9):  106-110.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 601816KB )   ( 1243 ) To confirm the regulating effect of the four plant growth regulators such as Tianda-2116, Haoxianshou, sodium nitrophenolate and brassinolide on growth, yield, and quality of maize, and to provide the basis for application of the four plant growth regulators in maize production. Xingdan-131 was selected as the test material. A presoaking technique was used to evaluate the effect of these plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of maize under the field conditions through random block design. The results showed that the four plant growth regulators could enhance the growth, yield and quality of maize. The application Tianda-2116 had a significant effect on the germination rate and yield of maize. After seed was pre-soaked with Tianda-2116 solution, germination rate of maize was increased 11.1% as compared with CK, and increase maize yield per hectare was 850.4 kg than CK, with increase rate of 9.6%. The use of Haoxianshou and brassinolide also markedly enhanced maize yield, which increased by 7.9% and 7.4% as compared with CK, respectively. Sodium nitrophenolate had an evident impact on thousand corn weight of maize, which was 17.3g higher than CK. Differences were statistical significance between sodium nitrophenolate treatment and CK. Tianda-2116, Haoxianshou, sodium nitrophenolate or brassinolide could used as seed soaking agent in maize production.

  Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Maize Inbred Lines Based On SSR Markers 2011, 27 (9):  111-115.  Abstract + ( 1720 )   PDF ( 1099368KB )   ( 1374 ) The key link of breeding and coalition of the new hybrid combination are realize the connection of genetic background of core germplasm between the new breeding inbred lines and the known. and identified heterotic groups which they belong, this study analyzed 46 the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines using the SSR markers, the results showed that: 12 pairs of stable SSR primers detected 45 alleles, the polymorphism information content of each SSR (PIC) ranged from 0.31 to 0.76 with an average of 0.57, the high polymorphism was been indicated. By clustering analysis, five groups were divided the 46 inbred lines, the result were as much as the pedigree, but a little difference. The result of this research had some function to the practice in breeding.

  Gibberellin’s Influence on Corn’s Kernal Development in Vitro 2011, 27 (9):  116-119.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 721520KB )   ( 1078 ) To investigate the influence of gibberellin GA of different concentrations on kernal development, this experiment adopted the method of culture in vitro with the materials of maize hybrids of ‘Nongdan NO.5’ and ‘Nongda 108’, and focused on the gibberellin GA’s influence on kernal’s germination rate, abortion rate, α-amylase activity, dry weight and fresh weight. The result showed: in a low concentration of GA (0 mg/L~1 mg/L), kernal’s germination rate, α-amylase activity and abortion rate raised with the increase of GA’s concentration while the dry weight and fresh weight decreased; in a high concentration of GA (1 mg/L~20 mg/L), the situation reversed. While GA’s concentration was 1 mg/L, kernal’s germination rate α-amylase activity and abortion rate reached the maximum value. While GA’s concentration was 20 mg/L, they dropped to the minimum value, but the dry weight and fresh weight reached to the maximum value in this concentration and higher than the control group. Thus the spraying of GA (20 mg/L) in pollination period will help the corn production in a certain degree.

  Research on Seed Germination Mechanism of Different Ecotype Maize under Low Temperature 2011, 27 (9):  120-125.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 664123KB )   ( 1018 ) This test studied the effect of low temperature on germination characters of seeds in different varieties of maize, which are ‘Zhengdan 958’, ‘Liaodan 565’, ‘Zhongdi 77’, ‘Yongyu 3’, ‘Shanxi 708’, ‘Shanxi 712’, ‘Yinhe 32’, ‘Jidan 198’, ‘Jiudan 48’, ‘Longdan 13’. We analyzed percentage of germination, water absorption, electrical conductivity, intracellular free proline content, starch content of different maize varieties under 5℃ and 25℃. Research results showed that different maize varieties of vigor at low temperature were different within 24 hours for seed water absorption, electrical conductivity, intracellular free proline content, starch content. After deal with low temperature, germination percentage of ‘Liaodan565’ was lower 5.34%, secondly was ‘Longdan 13’ and ‘Zhongdi 77’, which was lower 5.67% and 7%, respectively. The results showed that the antifreezing ability of the three varities were better, and suit for seeding in the district where cold damage was often happened such as Heilongjiang Province.

  Preliminary Research of The Correlation of Maize Stem-diameter and Ear-leaf Breadth 2011, 27 (9):  126-132.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 846317KB )   ( 1269 ) The ear-leaf and stem of maize affect directly yield of corn plant, so it is important to determine the interplay between the ear-leaf and the stem. Six maize single-cross hybrids of ‘Qiandan 16’, ‘Guidan 8’, ‘Qianhuanuo’, ‘Denghai 11’, ‘Xianyu 335’, ‘Zhengdan 958’ and two maize populations of ‘Pingtanghuang’, ‘Zhongqun 11’ were planted to study the correlation between the ear-leaf and the stem. At the end of the growing period , plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear-leaf length, ear-leaf breadth were measured on the basis of corn plant. The results showed that the ear-leaf breadth had significant correlations with stem diameter(p<0.001) in total materials while the correlations between other economical characters were unstable. On the other hand, single-cross hybrids had more significant correlation between ear-leaf breadth and stem diameter than populations; the ratio between ear-leaf breadth and stem diameter is stable in the same material but different in the different materials. All these results showed that in Guiyang region at the end of growing maize ear-leaf breadth had markedly consistency with stem diameter; the consistency was changeless in total materials and the ratio was convertible in different materials; the consistency and the ratio were determined by heredity.

  Analysis of the Breeding Progress on Quality, Ear Yield and Resistance of Waxy Corn in Huanghuaihai Region 2011, 27 (9):  133-136.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 504524KB )   ( 915 ) The result of Huanghuaihai waxy maize regional trials was analyzed from 2005 to 2008. It included seed quality, ear yield and diseases resistance of testing varieties. The progress, problems and developmental policies of waxy maize research were discussed or proposed. Yield evaluation showed that the amount of waxy corn varieties qualified for primary satandard was too less. The ear yield was between 10501~13500 kg/hm2, all less than 15000 kg/hm2. The tendency of waxy corn varieties infected by maize rough dwarf virus or smut was increasing. The waxy corn breeding in Huanghuaihai region should pay attention to waxy index, ear yield, resistance against maize rough dwarf virus or smut.

  The Ecological Interception Technology and Effects on Maize Yield and Surface Runoff in Red Soil Slopes of Dongting Lake 2011, 27 (9):  137-142.  Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 692767KB )   ( 1007 ) The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping land is an important resource of agricultural nonpoint pollution. The red soil slope in Xiangyin County, Hunan Province, which is the object of this research. Through setting a field experiment, we discussed the effect of eco-blocking technology on maize yield and NP loss. The results showed that, eco-blocking technology could effectively reduce the surface runoff and sediment loss. Compared with CK, runoff reduced 5.7%-17.1%, sediment loss decreased 40.1%-45.6%. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus Intercepting was apparent. The runoff of TN and TP were estimated to be 26.5%-44.9% and 29.3%-33.1%, respectively. It also could increase corn yield and improve the NP fertilizer efficiency and utilization. Corn production increased by 4%-8.1% compared with CK.

  The Regional Test of New Hybrid Corn Varieties in Hongta District 2011, 27 (9):  143-147.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 569429KB )   ( 1046 ) Though many kinds of hybrid corn varieties continuously come out, the suitable planted regions are different. With the purpose of providing theory basis for selecting varieties which are suitable for the soil of Hongta District, in this study, it introduced a comparative trial to 7 new varieties of corn, and made a research for each variety’s feature, resistance and corn yield. The results showed: comparing with ‘Haihe2’and‘Xidan5’, ‘DY205’ can produce more, appeared moderate growing period, compact-type, orderly adult plant, and had a higher resistance to rust and gray speck disease. The maximum output per hectare of ‘Xidan5’ could reach 11400.00 kg, the growth period was 134 days, the height was 270.6 cm, the ear height was 123.9 cm, the length of corn ear was 20.3 cm, there were 15.8 ear rows and 36.2 kernels in each row, the thousand weight was 378.9 g, it could be grown in wider range of areas, and get the grain in timely. The output per hectare of ‘DY205’ could reach 11125.00 kg, the growth period was 136 days, the height of the plant was 289.7 cm, the ear height was 137.3 cm, the length of corn ear was 21.3 cm, in one ear of this corn, there were 14.8 ear rows and each row had 32.6 kernels, one thousand weight was 400.8 g, it could be grown in wider range of areas.

  Stablishment and Improvment on Regeneration Systems of Heinong51 Cotyledonary Nodes and Embryonic Tips 2011, 27 (9):  148-151.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 600048KB )   ( 1058 ) To establish a high frequency regeneration system for the gene transformation of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotyledonary nodes and embryonic tips from Heinong51 were used as the explants. Regeneration systems of cotyledon nodes and embryonic tips from Heinong51 were established in this research. Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on soybean regeneration was studied. The results indicated that the optimal shooting induction medium of cotyledonary node from Heinong51 was MSB5 added 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA and the optimal rooting medium of cotyledonary node was MSB5 added and 1.0 mg/L IBA. The optimal shooting induction medium of embryonic tip from Heinong51 was MSB5 added 0.4 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA and the optimal rooting medium of embryonic tip was MSB5 added and 2.0 mg/L IBA. In comparison with regeneration system of embryonic tips, Heinong51 regeneration system of cotyledon nodes was superior in shoot regeneration frequency , shoot regeneration number and shoot elongation number. The cotyledon nodes from Heinong51 was more suitable for receptor materials in soybeans genetical transformation.

  QTL Identification of WRC to Soybean in Selection Population 2011, 27 (9):  152-155.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 1421935KB )   ( 1063 ) The drought tolerance of soybean was important agronomic traits affect yield. In recent years, the report about it was increasing. A primary backcross introgression soybean population was constructed by using ‘Hongfeng 11’ as recurrent parent and Clark as donor parent. After screening by drought stress, the QTL identification was conducted by one-way ANOVA (for single marker analysis, P<0.01) with sixty super selection population. Eight QTLs of WRC were found in A1, B1, C2, E, L and N linkage groups. The QTL at Satt316, Satt457 and Satt694 have higher contributions, which may be important to drought tolerance of soybean.

  Studies on the Hybridization Compatibility Between Cultivated Sesame and its Wild Species 2011, 27 (9):  156-159.  Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 514589KB )   ( 979 ) Two cross between sesame cultivars ‘Zhongzhi 14’ and its wild species ‘Gangguo’ and ‘Yezhi 1’ were studied. The results indicated that: we could obtain a few of seeds. The seedy ratio between ‘Zhongzhi 14’ and ‘Gangguo’ was 2.16%, the average of seeds per capsule was 0.85 seeds. The seedy ratio between ‘Gangguo’ and ‘Zhongzhi 14’ was 95.14%, the average of seeds per capsule was 2.16 seeds. In addition, the seedy ratio between ‘Zhongzhi 14’ and ‘Yezhi 1’ was 8.21%, the average of seeds per capsule was 0.51 seeds. The seedy ratio between ‘Yezhi 1’ and ‘Zhongzhi 14’ was 0.79%, the average of seeds per capsule was 5.43 seeds. Then planted F1 next year, and compared F1 with their parents, we could found that the configuration of F1 was almost the same as their mothers. So it was difficult to obtain true hybrid seed using artificial hybridization method.

  Biochemical Characteristics in Sorghum Seedlings under PEG Simulated Drought Stress 2011, 27 (9):  160-165.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 845901KB )   ( 919 ) The experiment used two sweet sorghum and a grain sorghum varieties: ‘Sorghum cane’, ‘Four Li-mei’ and ‘Henong 16’. These varieties were for drought treatment using PEG stress. Changes of protective enzymes activities and osmotic adjustment substances (sugar content and the SOD, CAT, POD enzyme) were tested with different treatment time and concentration in three varieties and drought resistance were analyzed. The results showed that the SOD, CAT, POD enzyme activity of these three species and soluble sugar content were ‘Sorghum cane’ >’Four Li-mei’> ‘Henong 16’. The drought resistance of sorghum cane is the strongest and ‘Henong 16’ was the worst in the selected varieties; changes of protective enzymes activities and osmotic adjustment substances between varieties which drought tolerance were different. The drought-resistant of sweet sorghum is stronger than the ordinary grain sorghum varieties.

  Genetic Analysis of Stalk Sugar Content Using Mixed Major Gene Plus Poly-genes Model in Sweet Sorghum 2011, 27 (9):  166-170.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 572239KB )   ( 1033 ) The genetic segregation analysis of stalk sugar content (Brix) was made with the parents of LR625, a grain sorghum variety (P1), Rio, a sweet sorghum variety (P2) and their F1 and F2 population using the mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model. The results suggested that stalk sugar content (Brix) was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects and poly-genes with additive-dominant effects. The additive effects of the two major genes were -4.004 and -2.116 respectively, and the dominant effects of the two major genes were 0.084 and -0.426 respectively. The heritability of major genes was 83.27% and the heritability of poly-genes was 7.38%. This study indicated that the trait of stalk sugar content (Brix) is mainly affected by two major genes through additive effects. And the results can provide reference for QTL mapping and selection of stalk sugar content.

  Effect of Humic acids on Absorption and Utilization of Mineral Elements for Sweetpotato (Ipomaea batatas LAM.) 2011, 27 (9):  171-175.  Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 541863KB )   ( 1074 ) The effects of Humic acid on nutrient absorption and utilization of sweet potato (Ipomaea batatas LAM.) was investigated by growing sweet potato in field culture in which HA (Humic acid) was used. The changes of mineral elements content in sweet potato plant and soil was studied. The test results indicated that the mineral elements absorption and accumulation of sweet potato was increased significantly with amplitude from 12.87% to 29.84% after application of HA. This was related to the mineral elements rate of absorption increased by HA in sweet potato with different growth durations, the largest increase of the rate was in later growth stage. At harvest, the contents of available P, Ca, Mg and K in soil were increased as well. Through the analysis of mineral elements use efficiency for tuber output which could be found that the use efficiency for tuber output of N, K, Ca, S, B and Cu were enhanced after fertilizing with HA. It could be safely concluded that mineral nutrition was improved, and some kinds of mineral elements’ use efficiency was increased as well by using HA.

  Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Characters in Developing Bud of Male Sterile line 09A of Brassica napus 2011, 27 (9):  176-179.  Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 694024KB )   ( 1031 ) The enzyme activities of the rapeseed cytoplasmic male sterile lines of 09A and fertile lines of 09B , including peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and ascorbic acid peroxidase(APX) of different development stages of bud, were assayed by using spectrophotometry, the relationship between four kinds of protective enzyme activity and cytoplasmic infertility were investigated in this paper. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline were also assayed by spectrophotometry. The results indicated that along with the development of the bud, the enzyme activities of CAT, SOD, and APX were lower than fertile lines. POD activity was lower than fertile lines in the early development of the bud, but with the development of the bud growth to later period, POD activity of fertile lines of 09B gradually declined, and the POD activity of cytoplasmic male sterile was increasing gradually, and higher than 09B at last. In the cytoplasmic male sterile lines 09A, during the development of the bud, the content of the MDA were always higher than 09B, but the content of proline were lower than the fertile lines 09B.

  Studies on the germinating rule of coat- pelleted papaver nudicaule seed –bud 2011, 27 (9):  180-183.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 676326KB )   ( 1047 ) To solve the problem of the technology of Papaver nudicaule in introduction and cultivation. we had studied the effects of temperature on the germination of coat-pelleted Papaver nudicaule seed–bud. Using the temperature controller and consulting the examination methods of germination test. Between 3-5℃, the darkness was benefit to bud germination, between 15-20℃, the germination wasn’t affected by light, below 5℃, the germination rate decreased obviously under light. The changes trend of germination index was similar to germination rate. Between 3-5℃, the germination energy under dark condition was significantly higher than light condition. The tread of germination energy had little difference between light and without light, all presented “S” profile. Temperature was a main limiting factor affecting the seed germination of coat-pelleted Papaver nudicaule seed–bud and light changed with temperature.

  The Research of Classification of Tichoderma Species in Shandong Peninsula 2011, 27 (9):  184-190.  Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 1035813KB )   ( 941 ) In order to understand the resouce of Tichoderma species in Shandong Peninsula, one hundred and twenty-seven isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated form 59 soil samples that collected in Shandong Peninsula. The morphological characteristics and ITS analysis were used to identify the Trichoderma spp. strains. And the result of ITS analysis was coincident with the morphological characteristics. The result showed that the strains belonged to Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atrotiviride, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma aureoviride, Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The appearance frequencies of species Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atrotiviride were very high, 26.0% and 25.2% respectively.

  Determination of Dry Weight and Stachyose Alkali Content of Leonurus Artemisia from Different Sources 2011, 27 (9):  191-194.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 683133KB )   ( 871 ) The aim was to study the dry weight and stachyose alkali content of Leonurus Artemisia. This study determined and analyzed the dry weight and stachyose alkali content of Leonurus Artemisia, through collecting Leonurus Artemisia seeds (10 samples from Zhejiang province and 9 samples from other provinces) and planting these seeds in Lishui, Zhejiang province. The results showed that: the dry weight and stachyose alkali content of the Leonurus Artemisia samples from Liandu and surrounding areas of Lishui are significantly higher than that of other samples. As a result, the seeds should be collected locally considering the quality and productivity.

  The Study on Antifungal Activity and Screening of Actinomycete X1 Strain from Soil 2011, 27 (9):  195-200.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 755535KB )   ( 1169 ) Screening antifungal actinomycetes are foundation of agricultural antibiotics exploitation. The antifungal activity of six strains actinomycetes from soil were studied by mycelium growth rate, spore germination test. The antifungal activities of different extracts of actinomycete X1 Strain were studied. The results of mycelium growth rate showed that the X1 strain displayed a broad spectrum inhibitory activity to all the tested 12 plant pathogenic fungi, of which, the inhibition rate against three pathogens were 100%, such as Valsa mali, Physalospora piricola and Coniella diplodiella. The results of spore germination test demonstrated that the X1 strain also had an inhibition rate of 100% against germination of spores of Fusarium oxysporum. The inhibition rate to three plant pathogens was over 90% with ethyl acetate of X1 strain at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The X1 strain displayed a broad spectrum inhibitory activity, which has great potential for controlling plant pathogens.

  The Effects of Microbial Strains on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Canola Meal Compost 2011, 27 (9):  201-205.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 771873KB )   ( 1093 ) In order to increase the speed of canola meal compost, canola meal were composted under aerobic condition by ventilated mandatorily. The effects of adding two types of microbial strain were evaluated. The physical properties, pH value, water soluble NO3- and NH4+ contents C/N ratio and compost maturity were monitored throughout the composting process. The results indicated that the NH4 content and C/N ratio of the treat with the microbial strain of Rongfeng addition began to get stabile in 45-50 days, and the ones of the treat with the microbial strain of Fuganji addition decreased slightly, and the ones of CK had been decreased still. The velocity of NO3- content and pH value increases were also observed that Rofeng>Fuganji>CK. So the author concluded that adding microbial strain could speed up the composting process, and could accelerate the compost maturity. The microbial strain of Rongfeng was a better strain.

  A Pharmacology Study on the Absorption of Lead and Zinc in Roots of Arabis alpinal var. parviflora Franch 2011, 27 (9):  206-211.  Abstract + ( 1385 )   PDF ( 940303KB )   ( 928 ) The water culture experiment is to study the mechanism of Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s absorption in Lead and Zinc with a pharmacological approach. The findings show that after the 50μmol.L-1uncoupler DNP treatment 12 h, 24 h and 36 h, the concentration of lead of Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s roots increases by 4.4 times, 7.1 times and 1.7 times compared with the control ones. Under the action of ATP inhibitors Na3VO4, the concentration decreases 0.64 times, 0.76 times and 0.69 times. However, after the 50 μmol/L uncoupler DNP treatment 12 h, 24 h and 36 h, the concentration of zinc of Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s roots decreases by 8.8 times and 5.4 times. The action of ATP inhibitors Na3VO4 has no impact on the zinc absorption of Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch. Under the potassium channel inhibitor TEA treatment, Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s root absorption of lead was significantly restrained. The decreased range is between 0.51 and 0.82 times compared with the control ones with different treatments. After the Calcium channel inhibitor LaCl3 treatment, a decrease is in the range between 0.50 to 0.97 times. While Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s root absorption of zinc decreases by 0.94 and 0.58 times in comparison with the controlled after the TEA treatment and by 6.6% times and 9.4% times after the LaCl3 treatment 24 h and 36 h. It can be concluded from the above analysis that energy metabolism and ion channels have a greater impact on Arabis alpinal Var. parviflora Franch’s root lead absorption than zinc absorption.

  DNA Content and Ploidy Determination of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by Flow Cytometry 2011, 27 (9):  212-215.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 1771011KB )   ( 1551 ) In order to determine DNA content of nuclear DNA of Ryegrass cultivars, the chromosome was measured by Flow Cytometry. At the same time, it determinated the DNA content and pliody of Ryegrass by the traditional method of chromosome. The result showed that, with the increase of ploidy level, the relative content of nuclear DNA presented doubling. The two detection methods were consistent. However, the method which used nuclear DNA content by Flow Cytometry was simple, rapid and high precision.

  Study on Abandoned Location of Industry and Mining Reclamation Potential Subarea Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 2011, 27 (9):  216-220.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 656411KB )   ( 972 ) The reasonable degree of abandoned location of industry and mining reclamation potential subarea evaluation has a close relation to reclamation work implementation and management. To evaluate abandoned location of industry and mining reclamation potential subarea, this paper presented a mathematical model using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to describe and evaluate abandoned location of industry and mining reclamation potential subarea. The model considered the impact of factors and hierarchies of reclamation potential on the final results of the evaluation. The model could assess the reclamation potential subarea in both quantity and quality. The application had shown that developed model had good potential in engineering.

  Impact of Long-term Fertilization on Active Carbon of Purple Soil under Paddy-upland Rotation in Wheat Season 2011, 27 (9):  221-226.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 816795KB )   ( 861 ) In order to study the impact of long-term fertilization on active carbon of purple soil in wheat season, the relationship between nature of soil and active carbon, based on eight treatments with different fertilization from national purple soil fertility monitored base in Beibei, Chongqing, the author discussed the impact of different fertilization on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil from November, 2008 to May, 2009. The results showed that: the differences of DOC between treatments were not significant. The MBC in soil with PKR- treated was significantly lower than other treatments. The application of N was conducive to the increase of MBC, but variance analysis showed no significant effect. The concentration of MBC followed as R+＞FnR+≥FhR+, NR-＞R-＞FnR- under the same straw amendment, but the differences was not significant. For the concentration of MBC under different straw amendments, R- was 44.4% lower than R+, FnR- was 30.9% lower than FnR+. Correlation analysis showed that temperature, water-filled porosity and pH in soil were significantly related to DOC, while temperature was a negative correlation, WFPS and pH were positive correlations.

  Analysis of Grassland Soil Nutrition Characteristics at Different Degraded Degree in Naqu Area 2011, 27 (9):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 583908KB )   ( 862 ) According to the multiple point samples and the laboratory analysis of the degraded grassland in Naqu district, the soil nutrient characteristics of the grasslands of different degradation levels and the correlation of the nutrients are both researched with the application of the statistical methods for the standardization of the soil nutrient data. It was researched out that: (1) with the increase of the grassland degradation, soil available N (AN), available P (AP), total N (TN) and soil organic matter (OM) decreased along with the degradation degree, while the content of soil available K (AK) showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. (2) Under different degradation, the content of soil AN and TN had significant correlation with soil OM, respectively. (3) The content of soil AN, TN and OM could be considered as the important indicators in measuring degradation levels of the grassland in North Tibet plateau, while AP, the referential indicators in assessing, and AK, not suitable to be an indicator. At last, some suggestions on recovering and rebuilding the ecosystem of the grassland in North Tibet plateau are proposed.

  Based on EST-SSR Constract the Molecular Genetic Linkage Map of Cassava 2011, 27 (9):  231-236.  Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 800523KB )   ( 1115 ) In this experiment, segregating from an F1 contains 240 separate population of an intraspecific crossed between ‘Ku50’, as female parent, and ‘SC124’ as male parent. We obtained 269 polymorphic markers when used 110 polymorphic primer pairs with the F1 populations, and basing on these 269 polymorphic markers, a genetic linkage map that consisting of 140 molecular markers, including 111 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSRs, twenty-two simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 7 sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs) was constructed by using Joinmap3.0 software, The genetic map contained 21 linkage groups, and LG1 and LG3 had the most markers, holding 15 markers, however the least linkage group LG21 only had two markers. The genetic map spanned a 1341.775 cM genetic distance, with the longest linkage group LG3 was 132.904 cM, as well as the smallest LG19 was 0.431 cM, and the average marker interval was 9.391 cM.

  The Genetic Background Research on RAPD of Cassave with Different Root Starch Phosphorylase Contents 2011, 27 (9):  237-241.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 855775KB )   ( 779 ) To analyze cassava resource with different phosphorus contents in root starch by using the RAPD genetic background research method from the molecular level, which would lay foundation for the cassava breeding with high phosphorus in root starch. We chose 30 selected cassava varieties with different phosphorus in root starch as the material, which were from the cassava germplasm nursery in the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture. The improved CTAB method was used to extract DNA, and then was for PCR amplification through 18 RAPD primers. The amplification products were conducting the genetic relationship analysis by NTSYS software. The results showed that DNA extracted by the improved CTAB method could be used to do RAPD analysis. Using 18 RAPD primers totally obtained 131 amplification bands, of which were 126 polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphism was 96.2%. It didn’t find specific band related with phosphorus content. The cassava resources with similar phosphorus content in root starch can not significantly cluster. The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) between 30 resources was more than 0.71. The RAPD results demonstrated that there was no obvious genetic relationship between different phosphorus contents in cassava root starch and also found no specific genes associated with difference in phosphorus.

  Effects of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on the Root Tubers Yield of Cassava and the Physical and Chemical Biological Character of Soil 2011, 27 (9):  242-248.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 857199KB )   ( 958 ) Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the root tubers yield of cassava and the physical and chemical biological character of soil were studied in this experiment, of which the cassava variety ‘Xinxuan048’ and the bio-organic fertilizer produced by Xianggui company were used as materials. The bio-organic fertilizers were applied on five different levels of 0 kg/hm2, 150 kg/hm2, 300 kg/hm2, 450 kg/hm2, 600 kg/hm2 in this experiment. The agronomic characters and physiological targets of ‘Xinxuan048’ and the physical and chemical biological character of soil were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that the bio-organic fertilizer could increase the holes percent of soil, increase content of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and promote the stems and leaves of cassava growth, and increase the yield. The mot tubers yield of the 450 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment was the highest which increased the root tubers yield by 38.01% higher than that of the contro1. The 450 kg/hm2, 600 kg/hm2, 900 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer treatments increased the root tubers yield by1.59%, 22.93% and 15.98% respectively higher than that of the contro1.

  The Study on the Regionalization of the Abundance and Deficiency of the Soil Medium and Microelements and the Division of the Tobacco Fertilization in Nanping Tobacco-growing Areas 2011, 27 (9):  249-256.  Abstract + ( 1262 )   PDF ( 3993798KB )   ( 745 ) The spatial distribution characteristics of the representative tobacco-growing The spatial distribution characteristics of the representative tobacco-growing soil nutrients in Nanping areas were studied based on the status of the contents of medium and microelements and the platform of GIS, GPS and GS, and then the regional evaluation was made out. The results showed that the average contents of available zinc and water soluble chloride were respectively 2.55 mg/kg and 20.22 mg/kg, the area, in which the content was above medium respectively accounted for 94.71% and 45.15% of the total cultivated area, the average contents of exchangeable calcium was 531.69 mg/kg, the area, in which the content was lower or medium accounted for 93.68%, exchangeable magnesium was 80.09 mg/kg, the area, in which the content was rich accounted for 70.61%, available sulfur was 35.30 mg/kg, the area, in which the content was above medium accounted for 89.45%, available boron was 0.26mg/kg, the area, in which the content was low accounted for 64.60%. Exchangeable calcium and available zinc could be divided into two type regions, water soluble chloride could be divided into four type regions, and exchangeable magnesium, available sulfur and boron could be divided into three type regions. According to the content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and water soluble chloride in soil and distribution conditions of these nutrients, eight fertilization regions and five special compounding fertilization regions could be defined, and according to the characteristics of each regions, its corresponding special fertilizer formulations, in order to realize the unified and simplified fertilization.

  Study on potassium accumulation, distribution and utilization of the different number of years in cropping tobacco 2011, 27 (9):  257-260.  Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 579095KB )   ( 857 ) To study the distribution and accumulation of potassium fertilizer use efficiency changes under tobacco cultivation in the continuous cropping, test in field conditions. ‘Longjiang 911’ to test materials, rotation plots of selected 3,5, set ZR5 and ZR3 two treatment under natural fertility，CG3 and CG5 two treatments under conventional fertilization. The results showed that: The total plant K accumulation increased gradually with the growth of the delay. Accumulation showed ZR3>ZR5，CG3>CG5. Tobacco root, stem and leaf accumulation of potassium as same as total plant K accumulation. Among them, root and leaf potassium accumulation was ZR3 significantly higher than ZR5, CG3 significantly higher than the CG5, stem only significant difference in the early, no significant difference in late. Expressed as the ratio of potassium was leaf> stem> root. Fertilization can not change the distribution pattern. K utilization was 3 years higher than the 5-year-crop stubble, respectively 23.72% and 20.17%. To ensure that the potassium content increased of tobacco, cropping tobacco use should increase the amount of potassium, 5 years had been cropping land, recommended not to continue cultivation of tobacco.

  Effects of Planting Density on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco PVH19 2011, 27 (9):  261-264.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 580149KB )   ( 792 ) A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of four different planting density, 23500 plants/hm2, 20250 plants/hm2, 18000 plants/hm2 and 16500 plants/hm2, on growth duration, agronomic characters, quality and yield. The results showed: 16500-23500 plants/hm2, with the increase of planting density, plant height of flue-cured tobacco, effective number of leaves, leaf area coefficient of one plant, inter node length increased, while stem diameter, length and width of leaf, weight per leaf decreased; Content of total sugar and reducing sugar increased, while content of nicotine, total nitrogen and protein decreased. Under this experimental range, the treatment of 16500 plants/hm2 had the highest proportion of fair class leaf and production value, being 47.43% and 38680.95 yuan/hm2 respectively, the chemical components were more harmonious.

  The Mathematic Models and Its Basis of Marker-assisted Selection in Backcross Breeding 2011, 27 (9):  265-267.  Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 510856KB )   ( 1035 ) The basis of the marker–assisted selection models was calculated in this paper. The double molecular markers were more efficient in marker-assisted selection of backcross breeding than that of the single molecular markers. It proved that the double molecular markers could promote the efficiency of the marker–assisted selection.

  Effects of Different Seeding Periods and Planting Density on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Saussurea lappa in YunNan Province 2011, 27 (9):  268-272.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 592929KB )   ( 798 ) The Effects of different seeding periods and plant densities on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Saussurea lappa in Yunnan were studied in order to provide scientific basis for GAP cultivation techniques. Designing five seeding periods of 3/15 (A1,month/day), 3/25 (A2, month/day), 4/5 (A3, month/day), 4/15 (A4 ,month/day), 4/25 (A5), Designing five planting densities of 30×10 cm(B1), 30×20 cm(B2), 30×30 cm(B3), 30×40 cm(B4), 30×50 cm(B5) by random arrangement. The results showed that the effects of seeding periods and plant densities on yield and main agronomic characters of Saussurea lappa in Yunnan were obvious; the yield of A3, A4 and B2, B3 were higher ,the main agronomic characters of A3, A4 and B2、B3 were good. A3B2, A3B3, A4B2 and A4B3 were the preferable treatment combinations. The suitable seeding periods of Saussurea lappa in YunNan were in early and middle of April. The suitable plant densities of Saussurea lappa in YunNan were 30×20 cm (B2), 30×30 cm (B3).

  Direct Seeding Rice Aftereffect and Its Cognition in Coastal Areas 2011, 27 (9):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 528281KB )   ( 877 ) The advantage and disadvantage effect were shown together after direct seeding rice planting in a series in coastal areas, and it could save the workload directly, change the style of insect and disease, adjust the soil physical and chemistry character that nutrient and the other growing factors were enrichment in surface layer, so the planting income was stable comparatively. While the occurring of weeding (weeding rice) were aggravation year after year, and the risking of safety yielding was intense. So the direct seeding rice aftereffect should be understood impersonality, the planting technical and the yield risking should be popularization by the increasing of publicizing and direction, the whole idea of rice safety yielding should be confirmed, the planting distribution should be in science ideas, and direct seeding rice yield should be leading from the continuance point in whole agriculture system.

  Breeding and Application of High Yield and Resistance Rice Cultivar ‘Nongfengyou 2008’ 2011, 27 (9):  277-280.  Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 592633KB )   ( 819 ) The backcross progenies of ‘Hui 7954’ and ‘Shuhui 527’ were radiated with 300Gy 60Co γ ray, after multi-generation breeding, the new excellent hybrid rice unit ‘Nongfengyou 2008’ was cultivated. It took part in Quzhou region and production test in 2007-2008, later on registered as ‘Nongfengyou 2008’ by Zhejiang crop register committee in 2009. In regional test and production test, it all displayed strong hybrid vigor, moderate mature period, high yield, good quality, strong resistance of disease and other qualities, with great potential to increase yield. Since passed Zhejiang Province’s cultivar approval in 2009, its promotion area has been larger and larger, owning a booming application prospect. In order to provide technical support on promotion and cultivation of ‘Nongfengyou 2008’ in large area, this article summarized systematically its research process, variety characteristics and cultivation techniques.

  Floods of Early Rice Production and Research Results Presentation Impact Survey 2011, 27 (9):  281-286.  Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 616861KB )   ( 922 ) The author investigated the flooding of the early impact of rice production, rice flooded the symptoms carefully observed, and different maturity of rice in different time were flooded and the test samples yield monitor species, reached the following preliminary conclusions: Young ear necrosis, cut rice pollen was the main reason for destruction, the main effect of rice tillering delay, prolong the growth period; and was booting to milky stage of rice submerged critical Simiao time was 5.4 days about 130 hours, all the dead time was more than 8 days; in flooded rice tillering stage was the critical time is 6 days Simiao about 140 hours, all the decay time of death is more than 8 days. And put forward the principles and measures for the rescue.

  Study on Planting Density of Corn hybrid in High Elevation Region 2011, 27 (9):  287-290.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 562899KB )   ( 909 ) In this study, two corn hybrids, Yuan Yu 3 of mid-maturing and medium-stem, Zheng Hong 311 of late-maturing and high-stem, were used to study the effects of agronomic traits (such as stem diameter, plant height, ear height and lodging discount rate) and yield components (such as ears number, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight) under different planting densities (52500, 60000, 67500, 75000, 82500 plants/hm2). Treatments were arranged in a wide-narrow-row cultivation model in high elevation region. The results showed that with the increasing of density, plant height, ear height, spike position height coefficient and lodging discount rate increased; however stem diameter, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight decreased; ears number and yield showed a parabola curve of first increase and later drop. In this experimental condition and similar ecological zones, Yuan Yu 3 planting density was 72000 plants per hm2, the yield reached the highest was 12430.9 kg/hm2; Zheng Hong 311 planting density was 68400 plants per hm2, the yield reached the highest was 12773.39 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Yield –properties of Fall Super-sweet Maize 2011, 27 (9):  291-294.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 542931KB )   ( 947 ) Abstract: field experiment and assay were proformed to study six different nitrogen application levels on the yield–properties of super-sweet maize, hoping to provide reasonable corn nitrogen fertilizer in the process of growing fall super-sweet maize. The result indicates that 6 different nitrogen application levels can significantly improve leaf area、 length and wide of spike 、grain number of row、yield of flesh-maize cob and weight of 100 flesh grain and 100 dried grain. 225kg/hm2~300kg/hm2 is the optimal nitrogen application rang to improve the frontal 4 yield-properties, and 300kg/hm2~375kg/hm2 is optimal to the latter, weight of 100 flesh grain and 100 dried grain, so it is quite feasible to enhance the maize yield by regulating the application of nitrogen, and nitrogen application level at about 300kg/hm2 not only improve effectively the main yield-properties of maize, decline the production cost, but also avoid the negative effect due to excessive nitrogen application to growth of maize and ecological environment.

  Effect on Water, Fertilizer Use Efficiencyof Corn under Mineral organic fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction 2011, 27 (9):  295-298.  Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 598809KB )   ( 782 ) A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined application of mineral organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, reduced on WUE and fertilizer use efficiency, it was using trail design of single factor. The results showed that: yield, WUE and nitrogen, phosphate use efficiency at combined application of mineral organic and fertilizer significant higher than no mineral organic. When combined application of mineral organic and fertilizer, the yield at fertilizer reduce 15% and 30% were 13948 kg/hm2, 12782 kg/hm2, the WUE at fertilizer reduce 15% and 30% were 1.74 kg/m3, 1.62 kg/m3, the nitrogen use efficiency at fertilizer reduce 15% and 30% were 35.97%, 30.04%, the phosphate use efficiency at fertilizer reduce 15% and 30% were 25.93%, 21.55%. There was no significant between combined application of mineral organic, fertilizer reduce 15% and local best fertilization treatments. This experiment result have already prove is viable in produce practice that fertilizer reduce lower 15% compares wither current level under the condition of combined application of mineral organic reasonable.

  The influence of Competition between Edge Line Corn and Middle Line Corn on Yield in Plastic Film Mulching on Ridge for Rainwater- harvesting 2011, 27 (9):  299-304.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 797131KB )   ( 1452 ) Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the water use and yield increase of corn, according to intraspecific competition, the study explored how to increase water use and corn yield in the ridges mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting. There were two types of plastic film mulching on ridge for rainwater-harvesting, which had the same furrow of 60 cm, and their ridge widths were 30 cm and 60 cm, respectively. The two planting density of high and low were used for this plastic film mulching on ridge for rainwater-harvestings. There were three lines corn planted in the furrow in the high planting density and two lines corn in the low planting density. As the control, the bare land also had two planting densities of high and low. The results showed that the rainwater-harvesting had the role of rainwater harvesting and holding soil water. The biomass of single plant and per unit area in the whole growth period, biomass of per unit area at harvest, grain yield and water use efficiency at harvest were significant higher in the ridges mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting than in the bare land. In the ridges mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting of the same ridge width, the high planting density was benefit for the increasing of biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency. After Aug. 15th, due to density effect, the biomass of single plant in the high planting density corn of 60 cm and 30 cm ridge was significant lower than in the middle line than in the edge line, and there was lower harvest index value in the middle line than in the edge line in the 30 cm ridge mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting at harvest, which was the main reason for the lower harvest index and grain yield in the high planting density of 30 cm ridge mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting. There was the highest grain yield in the high planting density of the 60 cm ridge mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting in all treatment. In general, the high planting density and wide ridge for the ridges mulched with plastic film for rainwater-harvesting were the important aspect for the increase of grain yield and water use in the corn of dry land.

  Character Studying in Maize Plants and Yield Impact about Different Fertilization Methods 2011, 27 (9):  305-308.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 566601KB )   ( 2059 ) The aim of this experiment is to study the technology with applying high quality and fertilizer on summer maize. The study was used ‘Zhengdan 958’ as the experimental material. On the basis of this typical plant, it had shown several influences, such as yield of summer maize, single plant leaf area, single plant leaves number, plant height, leaf area index and ear traits that was affected by these three kinds of methodologies on different fertilizers. The results revealed that the processing No.1 (the seeding fertilization 10% + the ears fertilization 60% + the grain fertilization 30%). It had improved the treatment on the leaf area of plants, leaf area index, plant height, and green leaves number of corn plant significantly. Then, it also increased the number of corn green leaves. Moreover, the individual grains of dry matter accumulation and grain weight had been promoted as meanwhile. Therefore, the production of maize had increased finally. Compared with the processing No.2 (the seeding fertilization 10% + the ears fertilization 90%), results had achieved on increasing yield at 1155.66 kg/hm2 and the increasing rate of 11.65%. At the same time, the comparison with the processing No.3 (the all total fertilization 100% with ears fertilization) results could be reached at the level of increasing yield at 1770.84 kg/hm2, and increasing yield rate of 19.03% respectively. While, from the comparison between Processing No.2 and No.3, we might find that the result of former sample had got the increasing production at 615.18 kg/hm2 and increasing rate of 6.61%. In order to obtain the effect on the high-yield of summer maize and promoting the effect of normal nitrogenous fertilizer, this study was adopted the method of three times fertilization. Consequently, it had shown that the increasing production of summer maize with high-efficiency obviously.

  Effects of Allocations of Row-Spacing on Maize Yield under Different Planting Densities 2011, 27 (9):  309-313.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 645910KB )   ( 1241 ) The objectives of this study were to investigate the influences of row-spacing on maize yield under three planting densities, and also to seek new ways to increase density by changing cropping pattern. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 to study the regulatory effect of five different allocations of row-spacing on grain yield under three planting densities. Experimental design was Split Plot Design with main treatments of density and vice treatments of different spacing configurations. Test variety was provided ‘Nongda 108’. The results showed that the yield increased as the density increasing. The most obvious interaction effect occurred between density and row-spacing in 52500 plants/hm2. In this experiment, the cultivation of high yield model was 52500 plants/hm2 density with 0.60 m equal planting spacing, compared with traditional cultivation method, the yield increase rate was 23.27%. Reasonable allocations of row-spacing could increase planting density and finally increase the maize grain yield.

  Influence of Limited Supplemental Irrigation at Different Periods (Stages) on Wheat Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Economic Efficiency 2011, 27 (9):  314-319.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 671778KB )   ( 907 ) In order to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, water use efficiency and economic efficiency, the effects of limited supplemental irrigation at different periods (stages) in different years on wheat yield, water use efficiency and water economic efficiency were analyzed in a random block design experiment in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The results showed that in normal and arid years, average wheat yield, water use efficiency and water economic efficiency of irrigation water under treatments at different growth periods were increase in the order of pre-winter irrigation > spring irrigation > late irrigation; Average yield and water economic efficiency of irrigation water under different irrigation treatments were affected in the order of winter water > booting water > jointing water > flowering water > green up water > standing water > filling water > the contrast (non-irrigation), water use efficiency was affected in the order of winter water > booting water > flowering water > green up water > standing water > jointing water > filling water > the contrast; Average yield and water efficiency under different irrigation treatments in normal rainfall years were higher than that of arid years, but the water economic efficiency of irrigation water was higher in arid years. Meanwhile, the study made clear soil water dynamic at different growth periods. It provided an important theoretical basis and technical support for developing semiarid land agriculture.

  Effects of Plant Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Summer-planting Peanut 2011, 27 (9):  320-323.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 676575KB )   ( 781 ) Under field condition, the effects of plant density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer-planting peanut were studied by using the technology of film mulching cultivation. The net photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were measured with Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System with an open flow gas exchange system. Among all treatments, the leaf area index, the net photosynthesis rate, as well as the number of pods per plant, seed weight, pod yield, economic coefficient were all increased mostly at the planting density 15.0×104 holes/hm2. Therefore, under the conditions of this study, the suggested plant density would be 15.0×104 holes /hm2 for summer-planting peanut.

  Effect and Application of Cotton Retaining of Vegetative Branches 2011, 27 (9):  324-327.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 544593KB )   ( 1251 ) Chinese cotton production is known to the world by intensive cultivation. Plant pruning is an important technology of intensive cultivation. Herein, progress in growth, yield and fiber quality application of cotton retaining of vegetative branches is introduced. We propose that retaining vegetative branches can increase the "source" and "sink" to promote the growth of root and the whole plant, vegetative growth, increased leaf area index before the middle. It’s of great significance in overcoming slow seedling growth of cotton and other issues. With certain cultivation and management practices, the use of leafy shoots will have a positive impact on cotton production. In recent years, retention of leafy shoots which is one of the cost-saving cotton production systems has made significant progress.

  Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Moisture and Temperature and Crop Yield 2011, 27 (9):  328-335.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 873498KB )   ( 775 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the influences of different mulching materials (ordinary plastic film (OFM), degradable film (DFM), straw (SM), and liquid film (LFM)) on the dynamics of soil moisture and temperature, the effects of corn growth and yield, and WUE, and the economic benefits of different mulching materials were analyzed at the same time, at the demonstration base of agricultural integrated water-saving research of state eleventh five-year supporting plan. The results indicated that the experimental DFM and OFM both had significant temperature-increasing effect and certain water-conserving effect, SM had significant temperature-decreasing effect and water-conserving effect together, experimental LFM only had certain temperature-increasing effect, but no water-conserving effect. The temperature-increasing or decreasing effects of different mulching materials mainly appeared in the earlier stage of corn growth and development. Experimental DFM and OFM both promoted corn growth and development, the corn yield and WUE of DFM were both highest, but the economic benefit of OFM was highest. Experimental LFM also had certain promoting effect to corn growth and its corn yield, WUE, and economic benefit were all slightly better than that of CK. SM showed adverse effect on corn growth and development, its corn yield, WUE, and economic benefit were all significantly lower than that of CK. The following conclusion could be obtained according to above results: the good mulching material must have temperature-increasing effect and water-conserving effect together, and the temperature-increasing effect was more important than water-conserving effect in the experimental area with low temperature and drought together. Therefore, straw was not suitable as mulching material, experimental liquid film was also not suitable to popularize and apply, the popularization and application of ordinary plastic film could obtain highest economic benefit, and the experimental degradable film could substitute ordinary plastic film as mulching material from the view of economical effect and environmental effect in the low temperature and drought area.

  Research of Chloroplast Expression System 2011, 27 (9):  336-341.  Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 616549KB )   ( 1217 ) The advantages and transformed methods were reviewed, and the current status of developments and application were emphasized too. The problems were discussed and the perspectives were provided in chloroplast expression system.

  Research Advances of the Plant Cold Resistance Improved by Antifreeze Protein 2011, 27 (9):  342-346.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 710264KB )   ( 1304 ) Low temperature is one of the most important ecological factors, it effect not only the growth and development but also the areal distribution of the plants. It has the theoretical and practical significance that enhanced the cold tolerance in the cold sensitive plants. Recently, studies on antifreeze protein genes showed that they can enhance the cold tolerance in the sensitive plants obviously. In this paper a review about the present study of antifreeze protein was given in terms of antifreeze protein mechanism, as well as the improvement of the cold tolerance in the plants by transformation of antifreeze protein genes. This paper provided some enlighten on theoretical and some new idea about technology.

  Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Gene Fragment in Perilla frutescens 2011, 27 (9):  347-351.  Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 922660KB )   ( 995 ) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), responsible for catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to cinnamic acid to finish the first step of phenylalanine pathway, was the key enzyme during the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid. The cDNA fragment of PAL gene was successfully cloned by homology cloning method (Accession No. HQ388347.1), 399 bp and encoded 133 amino acids. It was designated as PerPAL-1. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that the identity of the sequence of PerPAL-1 amino acid with that of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Agastache rugosa was 96% and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that PerPAL-1 had closer relationship with PALs from Lamiaceae plants than those of other plants. The expression of PerPAL-1 gene was the strongest in young leaves and the weakest in stems.

  Construction of Vector for High Trehalase by Overexpression of tps1 in Antagonistic Yeast Pichia membranefaciens 2011, 27 (9):  352-357.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 963145KB )   ( 941 ) The G418 resistance expression vector pFL61-G418 was constructed and trehalose-6-P synthase gene tps1 from the strain WT-303 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned. pFL61-G418-tps1 expression vector was constructed, and it was transformed into Pichia membranefaciens by lithium acetate method. Overexpression of tps1 gene improved the stress tolerance of P. membranefaciens, enabled the cells to increase viability and biocontrol ability. We succeeded in construction of vector for high trehalase by overexpression of tps1 gene in antagonistic yeast. The results showed that yeast shuttle vector pFL61 could be used to transform wild type antagonistic yeast and G418 resistance can be used as a dominant selectable marker to select transformants. The plasmid pFL61-G418 provides a visible and effective method for studying the functions of exogenous genes expression in wild type antagonistic yeast.

  Applications of ISSR in the Researches of the Fungal Plant Pathogens 2011, 27 (9):  358-361.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 495886KB )   ( 1091 ) In the paper the present applications of ISSR in the researches of the fungal phytopathogens were gave. ISSR is applied in the following researches: the genetic diversity analysis, the study in intraspecific and interspecific relationships, the detection of fungal pathogens, the analysis of genetic population variation and the mapping of disease resisatance genes. ISSR have simple procedures, good repetition, high polymorphism and low money, in addition to it can detect the race of pathogen. So it will play an important role in the identification of new species, the detection of plant pathogen and the genetic population variation. And it will be applied to more research fields in the future.

  Effect of Sowing Date on Damage Avoidance in Homoeosoma nebulellum Hübner 2011, 27 (9):  362-367.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 650638KB )   ( 874 ) Abstract: A sunflower cultivars, LD5009, was planted in ten different sowing dates (in five days interval from 1st May to 14th June) in three locations in Bayan nur to analysis the effect of sowing date on damage avoidance in Homoeosoma nebulellum Hübner. Results showed that the most damage of H.nebulellum occurred in Linhe district in west of Bayan nur. When sunflower sown from 20th May to 30th May, lower sunflower seed damage rate varied from 0.17% to 0.47%, and lower sunflower disc damage rate varied from 6.47% to 23.30%. The earlier the crop was sown, the more severely damage was reached, and the least damage was sown on 25th May. With delay of sowing date after 30th May, sunflower disc damage rate increased, but sunflower seed damage rate was lower.

  Effects of Aphidius gifuensis teratocytes on physiological metabolism of aphis 2011, 27 (9):  368-371.  Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 653725KB )   ( 884 ) 【OBJECTIVE】Investigate effects of Aphidius gifuensis teratocytes on Physiological Metabolism of aphis and change themself. 【METHOD】In the study, folin-phenol,SDS-PAGE,thin layer chromatography and Soxhlet extractor method was used to determine the content of protein,protein composition,the quantity of sugar and glyceride for haemolymphe in parasitized and non-parasitized host【RESULTS】It is indicated that the metabolism of parasitized aphid was constantly inhibited as compared with that of the non-parasitized host. The level of protein and glyceride is increasing with instars to maximum in the third day, then lower, but suger content declined gradually, may be due to secretion and synthesis of teratocytes .At the same time, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that 15.9kDa and 51.1kDa parasitic specific protein was appeared in the hemolymph. 【CONCLUSION】Through the analysis of main components for haemolymphe in parasitized and non-parasitized host, Aphidius gifuensis teratocytes plays an important regulatory role to the development of the host.

  Study on Mortality Law of Three Kinds of Acaricidal Active Ingredients Extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. 2011, 27 (9):  372-376.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 812243KB )   ( 910 ) The probit analysis which had used for half a century, has been taken place by TDM model investigation in bioactivity assay as a neglect of dose and time dependent manner. The TDM model and growth curve of S-type model were introduced to analyze contact toxicity of squalene, β-sitosterol and scopoletin, which were extracted from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme, against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The results showed that the order of sensitive degree to concentration of different active substrates was scopoletin>β-sitosterol>squalene. Each acaricidal substances reached rapidly mortality periods were that β-sitosterol 12 h, squalene 6 h and scopoletin 2 h. The theoretical periods of rapidly mortality were equal to observed value. The LC50 values of different substances analyzed by TDM model was squalene 13.101 mg/mL, 9.288 mg/mL, and scopoletin 1.318 mg/mL, which were 1.321, 1.110, 1.040 times as LC50 value calculated by probit analysis, respectively. The LT50 value of scopoletin (2.237 h) was the minimum, and squalene (7.395 h) was the maximum in this study. Both Gompertz and Logistic model had fitting effects to the changes of mortality in the maximum concentrations of experiment design, and the Logistic model had the best fitness. The preliminary conclusions were that all of acaricidal substances in this research had significant control effects, and the onset time of scopoletin treatment was the earliest and the theoretical effective period against Tetranychus cinnabarinus was the shortest, while the onset time of β-sitosterol were the latest and the effective period was the longest.

  Kinetics Study on the Degradation of Chlorpyrifos Using TiO2 under Sunlight Irradiation 2011, 27 (9):  377-381.  Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 729875KB )   ( 963 ) The photocatlytic degradation of chlorpyrifos using TiO2 under sunlight irradiation will provide theoretical reference for the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide in the fruits, vegetables production and pesticides wastewater in the future. Here, TiO2 dosage, the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos and pH value which affected the degradation was investigated. The results showed that the concentration 50 mg/L TiO2 was the optimum, the higher initial concentration of chlorpyrifos, the smaller the degradation rate constant relatively, and under the alkaline conditions chlorpyrifos was favorable to the degradation. The kinetics for degradation of chlorpyrifos followed the first order reaction.

  Study on Main Species of Grasshoppers and Their Integrated Control in Grassland of West Heilongjiang Province 2011, 27 (9):  382-386.  Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 614512KB )   ( 737 ) This study aimed to identify the dominant species of grasshopper and to find a method of prevention and control in west grassland of Heilongjiang province. There were 17 common species of grasshoppers that injured grassland in West of Heilongjiang Rangeland through investigation, of which there were 8 dominant species. These dominant species occurred differently in number and time according to separate vegetation. The best prevention and cure time was before 3 stadium grasshoppers. When dense of species group was bigger chemical control way should be taken to decrease insect population, opposite situation biological control method should be applied.The biological control was first way and the chemical control was second, both two ways were applied in order to realize the aim of prevention and cure of grasshoppers ultimately.

  Screening of Beneficial Microorganisms to Grape Anthracnose and Its Control Efficiency 2011, 27 (9):  387-390.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 1592211KB )   ( 976 ) Abstract:【OBJECTIVE】In order to get some strain which can control grape anthracnose【METHOD】Isolated the large number of microorganisms from grapefruits; leaves and spike-stalks, and a strain named FB18 was screened by the antagonistic action. 【RESULTS】It was Bacillus through routine method and 16S rDNA test. It could control anthracnose of grape before morbidity, and control effect was 76.9%~100%.【CONCLUSION】It was isolated from grape。The effect was good in experiment in vitro. It afforded theory basis on control of grape anthracnose .

  Effect of Different Herbicides on Flax Growth and the Effect of Weed Control 2011, 27 (9):  391-394.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 532058KB )   ( 851 ) In order to screen the best herbicide, comparative study of weed control effect and growth were conducted with Acetochlor, Metolachlor, etc. 4 herbicides as material. The results showed that there was the best weed control effect between Acetochlor and its group treatment with MCPA, Clethodim, their plant control effect was over an average of 85.17% and fresh weight control effect of 79.73%, but the group teratment had significant injury, their emergence rate was only 50.00%, and stem yield reducted more than 43.70%. Therefore, the group teratment was not recommended for use in production; Metolachlor and its group treatment with MCPA, Clethodim had good weed control efficacy, their plant control effect was over an average of 75.04% and fresh weight control effect of 66.39%, and which could promote seed germination, improve the germination rate and enhance stem yield, an increase of 25.93% over. The weed control effect of the group treatment between Metolachlor and MCPA was better performance, which could be widely applied in the field production.

  Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Phytophthora infestans Based on SRAP in Fujian Province 2011, 27 (9):  395-399.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 766515KB )   ( 815 ) In order to learn the genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in Fujian province and provide a theoretical basis for genetic evolution of this pathogen. Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis was used to detect the genetic variation in populations of Phytophthora infestans in Fujian province. Among 110 combinations of primer pairs screened, 10 primer pairs that amplified consistent polymorphic bands with DNA of 10 isolates were generated. They were further applied to amplify the genomic DNA of 62 isolates collected from different areas and hosts in Fujian province. In total, 92 SRAP markers were obtained. Among the bands, 90 were polymorphic, which accounted for 97.8%. Based on the genetic distance, a dendrogram was constructed with the software NTSYSpc Version2.1. At genetic distance of 0.57, 62 isolates were divided into 4 SRAP groups. There was no correlation between SRAP group and the geographic origin or their hosts. The analysis showed that some strains from one area closely related to that from another area. Nonetheless, rich genetic variation existed among the tested strains in Fujian province.

  Influence of Starvation on Predation by adult Orius minutus (Linnaeus) 2011, 27 (9):  400-402.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 535159KB )   ( 901 ) To make clear the influence on predatory functional response and predation rate of Orius minitus adult to Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the starvation tolerance of Orius minitus adult was examined by leaf disc test. Based on this，the influence on functional response and predation rate by Orius minitus adult to Tetranychus cinnabarinus at various levels of starvation were studied. The results showed that the adults of Orius minitus can endure starvation for 80 hours. The functional responses of adults of Orius minitus on various ranges of starvation to adult mites of Tetranychus cinnabarinus were fitted to HollingⅡ-types. The predation in 24hours of Orius minitus starved for 72 hours was concentrated in the first 12hours of the test, especially in the first 4 hours. While the predation of Orius minitus with no starvation allotted in the whole period of test. The functional response types of adults of Orius minitus were not altered by starvation duration within a certain range, but the predation rates in the specific period were affected obviously.