Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.10 Published:15 May 2011

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  Advances in Pretreatment Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass 2011, 27 (10):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1790 )   PDF ( 872067KB )   ( 3267 ) Pretreatment is the key technologies of the utilization of lignocellulose biomass for fuel ethanol. Advanced pretreatment technologies can significantly enhance the hydrolysis of cellulose, and then reduce the cost of fuel ethanol production .Starting with an introduction of the necessary of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, the research progress of pretreatment technology such as physical methods, physical-chemistry methods, chemical methods and sand biologic methods were reviewed detailedly, the results of different pretreatment technologies were also analyzed. The future of development of lignoeellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies was also previewed.Key words: lignocellulose biomass; pretreatment; fuel ethanol

  Research progress of components and properties of natural rubber on tapping system 2011, 27 (10):  8-11.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 498062KB )   ( 986 ) Tapping system of rubber trees were summarized in this paper. Effect of physiological conditions of the rubber tree, non-rubber component of latex, concentration of latex, performance of colloid latex and performance of rubber film on different tapping systems were introduced. Characteristic of low frequency new tapping system and high frequency old tapping system was analyzed, which was helpful to the further study about reform of tapping system.

  Callus Maintenance, Proliferation and Differentiation of New Sprout of Pinus massoniana L 2011, 27 (10):  12-17.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 788104KB )   ( 1086 ) This paper described an adventive bud information from callus by new sprout for in vitro propagation of adult Pinus massoniana Lamb. Emphasizing on the callus maintenance, proliferation and differentiation, experiments were conducted to discuss osmotic pressure by inositol, hormone in the medium, as well as culture conditions. Results as followed: (1) adding inositol 3.0 g/L in the modified GD medium could effectively solve the browning problem and maintaining the callus proliferation; (2) To switch the callus culture condition from dark into light environment, adding KT 1.0-2.0 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L in the DCR medium was viable; (3) DCR medium with KT 1.0 mg/L and thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.5 mg/L could promote the callus differentiate into adventive bud and 4 buds achieved. This protocal provided foundation for establishing a system of micropropagation with the superior genotype of Pinus massoniana L.

  Isolation and Purification of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag. 2011, 27 (10):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1578 )   PDF ( 1205526KB )   ( 1099 ) To obtain high yield and high viability protoplasts, an efficiency protocol was presented here using leaves of in vitro shoot culture of Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag.. The yield of protoplasts depends on factors such as enzyme concentration, osmoticum concentration, incubation time and the age of leaves. The results showed that the optimal protocol for isolating protoplasts was treating 35 days aged leaves with CPW salts + 3.0% Cellulase R-10 + 0.5% Macerozyme R-10 + 0.1% Pectolase Y-23 + 0.6 mol/L mannitol + 0.6 g/L MES+ 1 g/L BSA for 8 h. Protoplast yields were up to 2.44×107 protoplasts per gram and the viability was 78.7%. This protocol that resulted in high yield and high viability of protoplasts could meet the demands of protoplast culture-based techniques.

  Recognition of Landscape Characteristic Scale Based on Two-dimension Wavelet Analysis in Mountainous Area 2011, 27 (10):  23-28.  Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 1341221KB )   ( 1187 ) With the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and terrain niche index as the landscape variables of vegetation and topography respectively, the validity of two-dimension wavelet was analyzed in recognizing the landscape characteristic scales in Jiaodong mountainous area. In the five sample plots (A, B, C, D, E), the landscape images appeared structure characters on different scales and directions. The results of NDVI detected characteristic scales of country residential, industrial site and farmland, terrain niche index showed typical slope and the distance between the ridge lines. The variations of B, C plots’ wavelet variance were larger than A, D, E plots’ , because B, C plots’ landscape were more fragmented than A, D, E plots’. The variation of E plot’s wavelet variance was larger than A, B, C, D plots’, because E plot’s terrain fluctuated more strongly than A, B, C, D plots’. The most typical characteristic scales were 3200 m and 6400 m for mountain landscape of Qixia city by multiscale characters detection. The research provides scientific basis for the analysis of mountainous landscape pattern and land use.

  Development Forecast to Forestry Industry in Yunnan Province Based on GM(1,1) Model 2011, 27 (10):  29-33.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 617342KB )   ( 1100 ) Many factors including the change of macro economic environment, effect of economic crisis, replacement of new materials and application of new technology, transformation to consumption concept of forest products, had affected on the development of forestry industry in Yunnan province to some extent. How to predict and grasp industrial development tendency will have practical significance to forestry industry whose character is ‘big resources, small industry’ in Yunnan province. Based on the data of output value to forestry industry in Yunnan province, the author established the whitening equation and time response formula to the developing output value of forestry industry, what’s more, predicted the development tendency of output value to forestry industry in Yunnan province through testing the passing ability and precision of GM(1,1) model. According to predicted results, not only did the author look forward to the growth rate and development scale of forestry three industries and compared the fast and slow degree of developing rate to forestry three industries in Yunnan province from 2010 to 2014, but also discussed the analysis methods to forecast and evaluate the future development of forestry industry in Yunnan province.

  Habitat Selection of Lacerta vivipara in reproduction period in the East of Daxing’an Mountains 2011, 27 (10):  34-38.  Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 617342KB )   ( 995 ) By using system sampling and multivariable statistic analysis method, we research on the habitat selection of Lacerta vivipara in the range 10 km at Huma country, Heilongjiang province during the stage of April-May, 2008 and May-June, 2009 and July, 2010. The result shows that L. vivipara showed selection behaviors on habitat. The vegetation type, slope aspect, natural enemy disturbance, slope gradient, food abundance, vegetation canopy, human disturbance, soil texture, slope location and forest floor thickness effected L. vivipara significantly. L. vivipara were apt to select habitat with less human disturbance and spacious Quercus mongolica-Btula davurica mixforest. They lived in middle and lower slope with thicker community forest floor and loose soil.

  Prediction of Potential Geographical Distribution of Seed Chalcids, Megastigmus duclouxiana Roques & Pan 2011, 27 (10):  39-43.  Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 931671KB )   ( 1400 ) To estimate scientifically the risk of this species and take effective measures, it’s necessary to investigate the infected region and potential distribution of the species in Yunnan Province. Ecological niche model technique, genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP), was used to predict potential distribution of the seed chalcids, Megastigmus duclouxiana Roques & Pan in Yunnan province based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental variables. The results of Chi-square test were 216.6＜x2＜269.5 (1.50×10-60＜P＜4.95×10-49) for 10 best models, indicating that these models had statistical significance for predicting the potential geographical distribution. The suitable areas for Megastigmus duclouxiana infestations were over two thirds of total area of Yunnan province. The highly suitable was middle Yunnan plateau and its two sides ranged from 24°N to 26°N, where the annual average temperature was 14.5℃. The moderate suitable included minor counties of southwest Yunnan, south Yunnan and southeast Yunnan. The low suitable was located in Wenshan autonomous prefecture, including Wenshan, Maguan, Xichou, Malipo and Funing county. Low and hot valley, Diqing autonomous prefecture and Zhaotong municipality were predicted as unsuitable, where the climate was cold zone, temperate zone or tropical one. Large area of Yunnan province was suitable for Megastigmus duclouxiana infestations except for Zhaotong, Diqing and low and hot valley.

  Impact of Canker Disease on Annual Starch Accumulation in Poplar Roots 2011, 27 (10):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 660565KB )   ( 1064 ) In order to better understand the impact of newly occurred cankers on soluble starch accumulations in poplar roots, and to further assess trees’ vigor along to the change of starch reserves in roots, Populus euramerican ‘zhonglin 46’ with new canker were selected during 2008 growing season and marked according to disease severity indices and their roots were collected at dormancy period in 2008, growing season in 2009 and dormancy in 2009 from 6 temporary plots in Qingfeng County, respectively. Starch in roots was determined using iodine colorimetric method. Starch of diseased trees was not significantly different compared to that of healthy trees at 2008 dormancy (F=0.535, P=0.660). Starch content was significantly different among roots of healthy, slightly diseased, intermediately diseased and severely diseased trees in 2009 growing season (F=3.668, P=0.02) and 2009 dormancy (F=3.335, P=0.035), particularly a significant reduce of starch was found among those severely diseased trees; while starch content in intermediately diseased trees was significantly higher than that of slightly diseased and severely diseased trees in 2009 dormancy. The t-test indicated that starch content of severely diseased trees significantly decreased during 2009 growing season (t=5.197, P＝0.001) and dormancy period (t=3.219, P＝0.008) compared to 2008 dormancy. At the same time, no significant difference of starch content change was found in healthy and slightly diseased trees. Interestingly, an increment of starch content was found in intermediately diseased trees, while the change was not significantly. This study revealed that the change of starch content was affected by severities of canker in different ways. Starch content in severely diseased trees reduced significantly and further reduced trees’ vigor, while slightly disease trees’ vigor was not affected due to insignificant decreases of starch reserves. A slightly increase of starch reserve was observed in those intermediately diseased trees which most likely meant a slight increase of vigor.

  The Effect of Traffic on the Physiology of Natural-Artificial Turf 2011, 27 (10):  49-53.  Abstract + ( 2260 )   PDF ( 634654KB )   ( 1465 ) In order to further understand the characteristics of natural-artificial turf, this research tested some physiological indices of natural-artificial turf after mimic traffic processing, with the control group of natural turf. The result shows that the effects of light traffic on the plasma membrane permeability, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of natural-artificial turf are not obvious as those of non-traffic processing, and the changes of SOD activity and MDA content also proved this. However, heavy traffic has tremendous impacts on every aspects of turfgrass growth thus reducing turf quality. In natural-artificial turf system, the natural turfgrass is protected by the artificial turfgrass and the stability of the turf is strengthened so that the changes of every physiological index are smaller. But in group A2, due to the over density of artificial turfgrass, the growth of natural turfgrass is affected so that the visual quality of the turf is poor. The protection of artificial turfgrass is not obvious in group A8 compared with the control group A0. However, in group A4 and group A6, the turf is less impacted by traffic and the protection is very obvious thus greatly improving the traffic resistance of the natural-artificial turf.

  Litter Amount of Different Riparian Forest Types in the Upstream of Wenyu River 2011, 27 (10):  54-57.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 589782KB )   ( 1053 ) Based on the riparian forest in the anabranch of wenyu river’s upstream, the standing stock of litters in three different types of riparian forest (pure L. principis-rupprechti forest, pure spruce forest and mixed forest of principis-rupprechti with spruce) had been identified. The method which combined field investigation, sample collection, fixed position test with laboratory analysis was employed to study the extant amount and composition of the litter in the different riparian forest and the decomposition condition of standing stock of litters in forestry community was analyzed. The result showed that the extant amount of litter in different types of forest, and the different components of standing stock of litters showed various patterns. The pure L. principis-rupprechti forest had most standing stock of litters, followed by the mixed forest, and the pure spruce forest had the litters. The amount of defoliation occupied the absolute superiority in three different types of forest. The bioclast as a main composition made up the humus layer, and the average thickness of the bioclast layer was 5.7 cm in pure L. principis-rupprechti forest, 5.1 cm in pure spruce forest, and 6.3 cm in the mixed forest. Sorting the forest stands by thickness of the bioclast layer from greatest to least, was the mixed forest, the pure L. principis-rupprechti forest, and the pure spruce forest. There also showed significant difference among the standing stock of litters in different types of forest, in different seasons, in different tree species and different habitats.

  Effect of Tourism Development on Insect Diversity in Yuelu Mountain 2011, 27 (10):  58-62.  Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 706332KB )   ( 1057 ) Tourism development had negative effects on plants, soil and environment in tourism area, but there were a few studies about effects of tourism development on insect diversities. Insect specimens were collected in three times in Yuelu mountain by using the plot-sample method during May to July in 2008, in which was divided into hot spots and non-hot spots, according to developmental degree and the number of tourists. The correlation of data was analyzed by Shannon wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson index. The results showed that the diversity indexes and abundances at non-hot spots were higher than those at hot spots, and the insect uniformity index was higher in non-hot spot region, the dominance indexes at hot spots were significantly higher than those at hot spots. Finally, it suggested that in the planning and construction of Yuelu mountain scenic spot plan construction process, it is important to pay great attention to enhance the vegetation the richness and the coverage fraction, moreover must strengthen the passenger environmental consciousness the propaganda.

  Comparability of Species Diversity of Spingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Four Different National Nature Reserves, Hunan 2011, 27 (10):  63-66.  Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 586579KB )   ( 1085 ) In order to sure species diversity of sphingidae in national nature reserves of Hunan province, surveys on sphingidae were In order to sure species diversity of sphingidae in national nature reserves of Hunan province, surveys on sphingidae were conducted in Hupingshan, Badagongshan, Wuyunjie and NanyueHengshan national nature reserves from 2007 to 2010, and similarity was applied on analyzing different reserves spingidae diversity with Jaccard coefficient. As a result, the specimens of the hawk moths with 51 species in 5 subfamily 32 genera were recorded in the study, in which 49 species in 5 subfamily 30 genera were from Hupingshan national nature reserves, and only 17 species were from Nanyue Hengshan. The moths community at Hupingshan was highly similar to Badagongshan, whereas the moths community at Nanyue Hengshan was moderately dissimilar to those at other nature reserves with a similarity coefficient between 0.25 to 0.50.in Hupingshan, Badagongshan, Wuyunjie and NanyueHengshan national nature reserves from 2007 to 2010, and similarity was applied on analyzing different reserves spingidae diversity with Jaccard coefficient. As a result, the specimens of the hawk moths with 51 species in 5 subfamily 32 genera were recorded in the study, in which 49 species in 5 subfamily 30 genera were from Hupingshan national nature reserves, and only 17 species were from NanyueHengshan.The moths community at Hupingshan was highly similar to Badagongshan, whereas the moths community at NanyueHengshan was moderately dissimilar to those at other nature reserves with a similarity coefficient between 0.25 to 0.50.

  Advances in orchid in vitro flowering 2011, 27 (10):  67-72.  Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 586312KB )   ( 1715 ) Research of orchids in vitro flowering were briefly reviewed based on the literature cited, highlighting on the factors, the regulation and the molecular mechanism in vitro flowering of orchid, and then the problems of research were further presented.

  Research Progress on Physiology and Biochemistry of Amorphophallus 2011, 27 (10):  73-75.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 481146KB )   ( 1112 ) Abstract: The article summarised Physiology and Biochemistry on the current Amorphophallus flowering from home and abroad, including Amorphophallus florescence, flowering induction, palynology and pollen preservation and the special physiological phenomena. And the article expect the direction of future research on Amorphophallus flowering．

  Research progresses about production process of Bean sprout 2011, 27 (10):  76-81.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 558621KB )   ( 1559 ) Bean sprout is an edible vegetable, which comes from legume seed after a period of germination. Compared with common vegetables, bean sprouts is a kind of vegetables of high economic value which tastes unique, crisp, and its birth cycle is short, required of low illumination. In domestic, the production technology of legumes sprouts has been formed initially, but the development of germplasm resources for sprouts production, production technology and cultivation is backward. This paper was viewed from the current situation of the research and utilization of sprouts beans germplasm and from the process of high-yield, high-quality production. Hope it was helpful for researchers in Chinese beans sprouts and could provide some theoretical and technical support for bean sprouts producers.

  Effect of Grafting on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Species Diversity of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. 2011, 27 (10):  82-87.  Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 652143KB )   ( 1050 ) The importance of soil microorganisms can not be ignored in the rhizosphere ecosystem. Change of cultivation measures will affect community structure of rhizosphere, thereby affecting plant growth. Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. showed good performance after grafting for several decades under wild conditions, and Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. was significantly different under cultivation conditions. Therefore, research of the effect of grafting on rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and species diversity of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. under wild conditions is important to improve the cultural environment and ststainable development of cherry. In this paper, number of rhizosphere bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, community composition and diversity of the population were studied under the conditions of grafting and the rootstock of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. in selective medium. The results showed that the effect of grafing Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. was significantly different. Grafing significantly increased number of rhizosphere microorganisms and the formation of Bacillus, Azotobacter, groups of Hygroscopicus, Cinereus, Glaucuc of streptomyces as dominant species groups based; special bacterial genus Escherichia, Arthrobacter, Acinetobacter, Derxi, Staphylococcus found.

  Arid Region Different Treatment on Potentilla fruticosa Softwood Cuttings into Shoot and Seedling Stage Growth Impact 2011, 27 (10):  88-91.  Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 550212KB )   ( 801 ) In order to select suitable shoots arid Potentilla fruticosa cutting propagation of cutting seedling matrix and growth regulator and cutting date for many breed Potentilla fruticosa seedlings to provide theoretical basis. On June 5, 2008 to July 15 healthy, no choice in born of plant diseases and insect pests of half woodiness shoots as test materials, cutting matrix and plant growth regulator, cutting time waiting for different processed Potentilla fruticosa shoots Potentilla fruticosa shoots test was conducted Potentilla fruticosa shoots, studies the influence of cutting propagation of seedling. Results show that different treatment combinations were significantly or extremely significant improvement Potentilla fruticosa shoots survival rate, at the same time for cutting seedling stage growth also have certain effect. Comprehensive view, nursery substrates as soil + mushroom medium waste of matrix is the best, plant growth regulator to 500 mg/L IBA processing Potentilla fruticosa shoots cuttings, reaches the highest survival rate 85.45%, from other comprehensive characteristic look, the concentration of NAA would handle Potentilla fruticosa shoots cuttings, survival of branch height, average rooting number, average root length is significantly higher than other combinations of growth regulator and contrast, Different date with sprigs of cutting into sprout rate is higher, but in June 5, reaches the highest cutting 88.85%.

  Field Property and Leaf Dissecting Structure Comparison in Ten New Flue-Cured Tobacco Cultivars 2011, 27 (10):  92-97.  Abstract + ( 1532 )   PDF ( 1415996KB )   ( 1115 ) For the purpose of the selection the superior flue-cured tobacco cultivars for Lijiang area, the field properties and dissecting structure of leaves of ten newly introduced flue-cured tobacco cultivars (‘Yunyan98’, ‘Yunyan110’, ‘Yunyan113’, ‘Yunyan114’, ‘Yunyan115’, ‘Yunyan202’, ‘H3’, ‘MSK326’, ‘T29’ and ‘XYN87’) were measured. The results showed: (1) The new ten flue-cured tobacco cultivars can adapt the local ecological environment and farming system well, ‘T29’ had the longest growth period, ‘T29’, ‘XYN87’ and ‘H3’ had the best agronomic characters. (2) ‘Yunyan110’, ‘XYN87’, ‘MSK326’ and ‘H3’ had the best leaves’ dissecting structure, however, ‘Yunyan113’ and ‘T29’ were on the contrary; (3) Coefficient of variation of palisade/spongy tissue thickness ratio was the biggest, which was 26.51%, but leaf thickness and palisade/leaf thickness ratio were the least, that were 15.93% and 13.42%, respectively. Palisade tissue thickness had significant positive correlation with leaf thickness, palisade/spongy tissue thickness ratio and palisade/leaf thickness ratio, had positive correlations with spongy tissue thickness. The study also indicated improving cultural practice can make the dissecting structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves that had good agronomic characters better.

  Comparison of Walnut Pollen’s Shape, Size and Vitality 2011, 27 (10):  98-101.  Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 556301KB )   ( 1232 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for walnut pollen preservation, artificial pollination, and the configuration of pollinizer, the pollen’s shape, size and the pollen vitality of different walnut cultivars were determined. The results showed that walnut pollen were oval or circular shape. There were certain differences in the species and varieties. Using staining with TTC showed that the pollen vitality of 11 walnut varieties was strong. The pollen vitality under the conditions of room temperature was shorter than under the conditions of chilled and frozen.

  ‘ling hua zhan lu’ Peony Bud Scales of Tissue Culture 2011, 27 (10):  102-107.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1305529KB )   ( 1127 ) In order to achieve the factory peony nursery to provide theoretical basis, establish the tissue culture system of Peony ‘ling hua zhan lu’. Use ‘ling hua zhan lu’ buds (axillary buds, sprout buds, flower buds) as explants to MS, improved MS, WPM, WPM improved as the basic medium with different concentrations of 6-BA, NAA and other plant growth regulators, were screened by comparing test ‘ling hua zhan lu’ the best medium for improved differentiation WPM +6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L + GA3 0.1 mg/L + sugar 25 g/L + agar 6 g/L + AgNO3 10 mg/L. Multiplication coefficient 3.7. Rooting in different concentrations of carbon, rooting medium was 1/2 modified WPM + IBA 10 mg/L + sugar 35g/L + AgNO3 10 mg/L+ activated carbon (0.1%) when the rooting rate was 47.9%.

  The Effects of AM fungus and Culture Substrates on Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal for Tree Peony Container Seedling 2011, 27 (10):  108-112.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 639761KB )   ( 938 ) In order to make use of dominant species of AMF on seedling production and ornamental culture of tree peony, and cultivate high quality container seedlings and potted flowers, the effects of species and dose of AMF, culture substrates, and age of plant on colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal for tree peony container seedling were investigated. The colonization frequency and intensity of Glomus geosporum (Gg) mixed Glomus mosseae (Gm) at level 3 holded the highest among all treatments. Colonization frequency, colonization intensity, abusculars rate, entry points and hyphal length of annual seedlings holded the highest, which were 94.64%, 13.2, 51.8%, 6.3 point/mm root length and 9.58 m/g dry soil, respectively. They decreased with the age of plants. In the 4 cultivating substances, there was a significant difference among turf: perlite：sand (1:1:1) with other media among colonization frequency (90.2%), colonization intensity(22.50) and 12.2 m/g dry soil. So, it was optimal that annual seedlings inoculated with Gg+Gm were cultivated in substrates for turf: perlite: sand (1:1:1).

  The Studies on Seed Characteristic and Germination of Calystegia soldanella 2011, 27 (10):  113-117.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 4060339KB )   ( 981 ) Calystegia soldanella is an important plant growing in seashore with ornamental, medicinal and ecology protective value. The seed morphology and the seed dormancy characteristic of Calystegia soldanella were studied in this paper. The result was as follows: the seed of Calystegia soldanella was black, large, ovate and hard. The testa sculptures were irregular hexagonal mesh cell with compact wall observed by scanning electron microscope. The untreatment seeds absorbed little water and cannot germinate, low temperature stratification cannot break dormancy. The seeds treated with 98% sulfuric acid for 60 min germinated 94.9%, 50% treated by 100℃ hot water and 81.8% with fine sand friction. In conclusion, the dormancy of Calystegia soldanella seed was result of water impermeability of seed coat. The methods of improving water permeability can break seed dormancy. Soaking seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid for 60 minutes was the effective method to increase germination percentage. Abraded seed with fine sand was the environmental-friendly methods of break dormancy.

  Effect of Foliar Application of Fertilizer on the Characteristics of Plant Growth and the Yield of Bulb of Lilium davidii var. unicolor 2011, 27 (10):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 540654KB )   ( 1166 ) The impact of foliar application of fertilizer on the characteristics of plant The impact of foliar application of fertilizer on the characteristics of plant growth and bulb yield of Lilium davidii var. unicolor have been studied with the random block design of two factors under the field farmland in semi-arid areas of the central part of Gansu province. The results showed that KH2PO4 can significantly increase the stem diameter and yield of bulb, and urea can significantly promote the growth of leaves.and plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and bulb yield of lily were increased by 16.7%, 17.6%, 11.6% and 12.4% compared with control and reached the highest value when KH2PO4 and urea spraying 3 times, and it is the combined application of two kind of fertilizer. KH2PO4 should be sprayed 3 times, and urea should be 2 or 3 times in the production of field land.

  The Study of Comparative Techniques for Tissue Culture with Different Explants in Dendrobium officinale 2011, 27 (10):  122-126.  Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 589711KB )   ( 1564 ) In this paper, different explants were used in the study on tissue culture of Dendrobium officinale, for the purpose of choosing proper propagation ways of development in medicinal herbs. It’s cultured with seed embryo and stem segments as explants in Dendrobium officinale. The results indicated that there were differences between their tissue cultural techniques, such as initial conditions, propagation procedure, propagation coefficient, subculture cycle, rooting differentiation and seedlings transplanting. According to the comparative test, it’s thought that it was more suitable for constructing the tissue cultural system with the stem segments as explants, which is more economical, more efficient and steady. It’ll be the reference of material and technical bases in large scale seedlings production.

  Study on Germination Technology of Spuriopimpinella brachyara Seeds 2011, 27 (10):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 811129KB )   ( 1054 ) In this text, the Spuriopimpinella brachyara seeds were selected as the trial material, and through the experiments such as chemicals treatments, PGR treatments, stratification treatments and comprehensive test treatments in order to find out the method that could break the dormancy of seeds. The results showed that cold temperature stratification and stratifying outdoor under low temperature had broken the dormancy of seeds, the cold temperature stratification (4±1)℃ was the best treatment that had higher germination percentage than other stratification treatments. With the experiments of adopting different concentrations of GA3, IAA, 6-BA pretreatment combine stratification resulted: soaking the seeds in GA3 for 24 hours, and then stratifying seeds under low temperature (4±1)℃ for 100 days was the best technique to break the dormancy of seeds, and the germination percentage could achieve 60% ,which had high germination capacity and low rotten percentage, relieved the dormancy of the seeds of Spuriopimpinella brachyara on the whole.

  Short Communication about Male Sterile Hybridization Breeding in Zinnia elegans 2011, 27 (10):  133-138.  Abstract + ( 1352 )   PDF ( 794949KB )   ( 1350 ) For selecting new Zinnia elegans F1 variety to prettify Beijing landscape, which has some characteristics, such as dwarf forms (height 20~40 cm), big flower (flower diameter 7~10 cm), good double petal, powerful stress resistance, robust development, uniformity and stability, the hybridization breeding research of Zinnia male sterile line was conducted by using the gathered source of Z. elegans species. After having done some field experiments, the factors of high temperature, high humidity and continuous rainfall in Beijing summer were also be considered, the sowing time of male parent and female parent was confirmed separately at the midmonth and latten-day of May in the second year, and before seedlings were planted for seedlings growing more robust, the base fertilizer kind and concentration need to be increased to resist adverse environment. Meanwhile, a potential cross combination was obtained, which had a red filial generation F1 deriving from the cross of red male sterile line and red self-bred line. By means of character contrast test between a red filial generation F1 and the other domestic and overseas F1 varieties, it showed good double petal, bright flower color, no colour fading, developing healthy and strong, preferable resist-stress, on the other hand there were some weakness, such as loose plant type and higher stem length，so the parent need to be improved and purified, especially the increase of stress resistance. Moreover, the pair of cross combination would be optimization in order to insure the stable and fine heredity ability in later years.

  Studies on Methods for Breaking Dormancy and Dormancy Feature of Aconitum flavum Seed 2011, 27 (10):  139-143.  Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 756119KB )   ( 978 ) To investigate the reason of seed dormancy and the methods of relieving the seed dormancy in Aconitum flavum, Using the TTC method to determinate the seed activity of Aconitum flavum, while using the running water washing the seed, the different stratification treatment, and the GA soaking the seed to determine them the influence on seed germination, in addition detecting the inhibitory activity of extract of the seed in Aconitum flavum on the seed in cabbage and Aconitum flavum. The seed viability of Aconitum flavum up to 90%, Seed bibulous reach saturated with 14 h, and seed coat permeability was good. When the extracts concentration of seed kernel was 0.8 g/mL, the seed germination rate in cabbage was only 38.3%. It was indicating that the seed contains the endogenous inhibitor. The method of running water washing can be partially to remove the inhibitors and improve the germination rate. The low temperature and poikilothermic stratification treatment can effectively break the dormancy of seed, especially in low temperature stratification, the germination rate of seed up to 79.67%. 200μg/mL GA3 with 24 h treatment on seed was best for germination, and the germination rate can be to 82%.

  The Effects of Shading on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Lycoris aurea in Lycoris Herb. 2011, 27 (10):  144-148.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 725141KB )   ( 1617 ) To provide the reference for choosing reasonable cultural measurement, the effects of different light intensity on the photosynthetic characteristics of Lycoris aurea in Lycoris Herb were studied in the paper. The samples of Lycoris aureas were planted in three different envioroments, including full natural light, 50% shade and 85% shade. The main parameters of the samples were analyzed, including maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point (LCP), and light use efficiency (LUE) by LI-6400. Chlorophyll (Chl) contents, specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf area were determined. Comparing with the full natural light treatment, LSP and LCP of the plants in 50% shade and 85 % shade treatment were both lower, and the latter significantly lower (P<0.05), but higher Chl content (chlorophyll b significantly higher) (P<0.05). These results indicated that Lycoris aureas effectively used weak light by decreasing LCP and relative chlorophyll b content. Pmax and LUE [PAR>300 μmol/(m2?s)] of the plants in 50% shade treatment were higher than the other’s, and significantly higher than the latter (P<0.05). SLW in 50 % shade treatment was the highest of them, and there was significant difference comparing with the 85% shade treatment (P<0.05). The leaf area in 85% shade treatment was the highest of them, and there was significant difference comparing with the full natural light treatment (P<0.05). The results suggested that the appropriate shade treatment enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), LUE and SLW of Lycoris aurea in Lycoris Herb, in the high light intensity seasons, which was advantaged to develop.

  Studies on the Compatibility of Backcrosses of Interspecific and Inter Varietal Hybrids in Brassica 2011, 27 (10):  149-152.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   PDF ( 488334KB )   ( 993 ) The paper studied on compatibilities of three backcross generations between interspecific hybrid, which was from CMS Brassica camperstris ssp. Pekinensis × Brassica oleracea var. acephala, and inter varietal hybrid, which was from CMS B. oleracea var. capitata × B. oleracea var. acephala. The results showed that there was segregation between B. camperstris ssp. Pekinensis and B. oleracea var. acephala in BC2 with a low compatible index of 2.45, but it had been overcome step by step until BC4 with a high compatible index of 6.17. While, there were no segregations between B. oleracea and B. oleracea var. acephala in BC2, BC3 and BC4 with compatible indexes of 6.20、6.23 and 6.27, respectively. The compatibility of B. camperstris ssp. Pekinensis×B.oleracea var.acephala closed to B.oleracea var. capitata×B.oleracea var.acephala in BC4.

  Activity and Producing Conditions of Phoma herbarum Toxin 2011, 27 (10):  153-156.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 676256KB )   ( 1031 ) In order to determine the optimum culture conditions of Phoma herbarum for the toxin production, the author acquired the crude toxin of the Phoma herbarum by the way of organic solvent extraction, and the extraction condition was optimized by the seed germination and seedling stage stabbing inoculation. The results showed that this crude toxin showed high inhibitory activity, and the best extract organic solvent was ethylacetate. Besides the best conditions of toxin production of this strain were as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32℃, culture time was 14 d, agitation was150 r/min. The seed germination rate was 26.09% and the lesion area of the leaf reached 6.85 mm2 when the concentration of toxin was 1000 μg/mL. Obvious difference of herbicidal activity is shown with different extract organic solvent and culture condition which exerted a great influence on the activity of the crude toxin of Phoma herbarum.Key words: Phoma herbarum; toxin; Toxin-producing activity

  Effect of Spraying Salicylic Acid on Salt Resistance in Two Kinds of Turf Grasses 2011, 27 (10):  157-160.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 763798KB )   ( 1099 ) In this study, red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were used as materials to study the change of the cell membrane permeability, proline content, MDA content as well as the changes of activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase after the treatment of exogenous SA under the 1% salt stress. The results showed that spraying salicylic acid was able to increase the content of proline and soluble sugar and to reduce the penetration rate of the electrolyte and the MDA content, and enhance the enzyme activity of the SOD, POD, and CAT. The best effective concentration of salicylic acid was 200 mg/L. Key words: salicylic acid; salt stress; turfgrass; Lolium perenne; Festuca rubra

  Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Green Leaves by Light Quality in White Cucumber Seeding 2011, 27 (10):  161-167.  Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 1347519KB )   ( 1276 ) The objective of our study was to analyze the effect of light qualities on Fp685、Fp735、Fp685/ Fp735、F685、F735、 F685/ F735 and Y（II）of Chlorophyll fluorescence in green leaves green leaves induced by blue, green and red light-emitting diode (LED) in northern white cucumber seeding. With the increase of light intensity, the P in OJIP of Chlorophyll fluorescence curve showed a fast rising. Fp685 were in the order of red>blue>green, but Fp735 were in the order of green >red≈ blue. However, the order of blue>green≈ red were observed for the ratio of Fp685/ Fp735.The point of P appeared earlier under the mixed light than under single light, and Pmix>Psingle. The ratio of F685/ F735 always lower under the mixed lights than under single light. The order of Y（II）green> Y（II）red> Y（II）blue were observed for the Yield of PSⅡ by single light.

  Prelimilary establishment of RNAi -mediated lipid transfer protein- CaMBP10 gene silencing system in Chinese cabbage 2011, 27 (10):  168-172.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 978501KB )   ( 1221 ) In this paper，a RNAi approach was used in down-regulated CaMBP10 gene expression to study its functions in vivo. A 273 bp fragment of CaMBP10 cDNA was cloned from Chinese cabbage “JINYU 60” and inserted into the RNAi vector PTCK303. According to the results of detections, sense and anti-sense of CaMBP10 fragments had been cloned into RNAi victor between the left and right of an intro from rice. The Chinese cabbage “JINYU 60” was transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 which harbored this anti-sense CaMBP10 gene. The result of RT-PCR analysis shows that the CaMBP10 gene expression was reduced in transgenic plants. This work would serve as a good base for following research.

  Selection and Phenotypic Analysis of Transgenic Tomato with Interleukin-4 Gene and its F1 Hybrids 2011, 27 (10):  173-178.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 3037909KB )   ( 929 ) In order to improve the selection and detection of transgenic tomato with interleukin-4 (il-4) gene, in the present paper, positive rate of il-4 gene in the individuals after non-PPT resistance selection was compared with those after PPT resistance selection, then the hereditary patterns and phenotype of il-4 gene of T6 transgenic individuals and F1 hybrids was analyzed. Then, DNA samples were extracted from the leaves of T6 transgenic plants and F1 hybrids of L402, ‘Zhongshu4’ and ‘Dahuang’ varieties, performed PPT resistance selection and non-PPT resistance selection, PCR amplification and PCR-Southern detection. The results showed that, the screening rate of target gene after non-PPT resistance selection was higher than that after PPT resistance selection. The segregation ratios of il-4 gene of T6 and F1 individuals were much lower than 3:1, and it didn’t conform to Mendelian inheritance. Compared to CK, variations are discovered in more than 1 character of il-4 transgenic tomato plants. A few F1 hybrids have heterosis compared to T6 transgenic individuals.

  Study on Transformation Optimization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated in Tomato 2011, 27 (10):  179-182.  Abstract + ( 1512 )   PDF ( 594515KB )   ( 1409 ) Tomato cultivars were used as the materials, and cotyledon was cultured to optimize the transformation system via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The results showed that the highest transformation efficiency was obtained when the explants were preconditioned on preconditioning medium for 2 days prior to infect with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (OD600=0.6) for 6 min growing on the culture medium of MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IAA. It was proved that the target NPTII gene had been integrated into the genome of regenerated plants by PCR analysis. This study established a high efficient genetic transformation system of tomato cytoledons by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated.

  Effects of Low Concentration Sea Brine on Seeds Germination and Seedlings Growth of Tomato 2011, 27 (10):  183-188.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 942794KB )   ( 962 ) The materials used in the study were tomato seeds and tomato seedlings which were treated by the low concentration at 0.05%、0.10%、0.20% and 0.40% of sea brine. It was studied germinability and germination rate of tomato seeds compared with distilled water and 0.40% NaCl treatments, and studied stem length, natural weight, dried weight, leaf conductivity, leaf MDA content and leaf PRO content of tomato seedlings compared with 0.40% NaCl, 0.60% NaCl and Hoagland’s nutrient solution treatments. The results showed that the treatments of concentration at 0.05% and 0.10% could improved germinability and germination rate of tomato seeds to a certain extent, increased stem length, natural weight, dried weight of tomato seedlings, effectively reduced leaf conductivity and made little effects on MDA content and PRO content of tomato leaf, and had no negative effects on seeds and seedlings of tomato. The treatments of concentration at 0.20% and 0.40% had no clear effects on germination of tomato seeds and had negative effects on growth of tomato seedlings, and its negative effects more lower than which caused by NaCl at the same concentration.

  Response of Water Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Tomato Seedlings 2011, 27 (10):  189-193.  Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 732297KB )   ( 1549 ) To study the response of tomato seedlings to water stress, the effect on chlorophyll fluorescence properties and chlorophyll content and the relative leaf water content. The results suggested that water stress lead to the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the photochemical quenching (qL) and the linear electron transport rate (ETR) decreased gradually. In contrast, the non photochemical quenching (NPQ) rose gradually. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters had dash jump phenomena on moderate water stress (the fourth day). Results showed a high correlation (-0.83) between the decreasing of soil water content (SWC) and NPQ. Hence, NPQ can be an indicator as a guide for irrigation. When NPQ was 2.095, SWC was lower than 32.1%, tomato seedlings were affect on water stress and should be irrigation timely.

  Analysis of Spreading Regularity and Impact Factors of Botrytis cinerea in Greenhouse in the Spring 2011, 27 (10):  194-198.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 695060KB )   ( 1043 ) In order to explore technologies of ecologically regulation of Botrvtis cinerea in green house in the spring, a pointing-observation method was used to conduct the systemic monitoring of spreading regularity of Botrytis cinerea. Results showed that occurrence of Gray Mold can be divided into three stages as follow: (1) the first stage was a period of rapid growth in the first ten days and the middle ten days of April; (2) the second stage was a period of steady growth from the last ten days of April to the first ten days of May; (3) the third stage was slow growth period after the last ten days of May. The statistical analysis revealed that incidence of Botrvtis cinerea was significantly positively correlated with disease index, daily mean temperature and daily mean relative humidity. Therefore, during commercial production, cutting the leaves infested and regulating temperature and humidity in greenhouse should be adopted as ecological control to manage the expander and spread of the disease.

  Research on Late Blight Disease Germ Colony Growth and Sporulation Conditions of Tomato 2011, 27 (10):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 555865KB )   ( 979 ) In order to improve tomato late blight pathogen colony growth rate and spore production quantities, this research cultured the separated, purificated late blight pathogen from Jamusi local tomato late blight plants, respectively in different media, pH, sugar concentration, temperature conditions, then researched tomato late blight pathogen growth and the best yielding the spore colonies conditions. The results showed that the rye culture medium was suitable for the colony growth and sporulation, the most suitable pH value for the colony growth was 6.0-7.0, the most suitable pH value for the sporulation was 6.5, and the optimum temperature for spore growth was 20℃. When the medium contained 80 g/L sucrose, the colony grew fastest and sporulation was also the greatest.

  Optimizing Method for Protoplast Preparation and Regeneration in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans 2011, 27 (10):  203-207.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1054857KB )   ( 1036 ) Protoplast preparation and regeneration is one of the most important methods for constructing genetic transformation in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans. The culture time of mycelium, the enzymolysis time, the osmotic stabilizer typer and the osmotic stabilizer concentration were optimized, at last the author gained an efficient method for protoplast preparation and regeneration of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, the protoplast can regenerate on regeneration medium, the regeneration rate of the protoplast was 21.13%. The system provided an basic for F. oxysporum genetic transformation and pathogenicity analysis in molecular levels.

  Effects of Intercropping of Non-cruciferous Vegetables with Cabbage on Arthropod Community in Spring Cabbage Fieldson Arthropod Community in Spring Cabbage FieldsWang Yun, Miao Yong, Shao ZhengfeiEffects of Intercropping of Non-cruciferous Vegetables with Cabbageon Arthropod Community in Spring Cabbage FieldsWang Yun, Miao Yong, Shao Zhengfei 2011, 27 (10):  208-212.  Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 623974KB )   ( 700 ) For exploring the methods to control pests ecologically in cruciferous vegetables fields, effects intercropping of cabbage with three kinds of non-cruciferous vegetables of tomato, garland chrysanthemum, garlic respectively on the arthropod community in spring cabbage fields were studied in this paper. The results showed that each intercropping of cabbage with tomato, garland chrysanthemum had certain control effect on major insect pests of Pieris rapae and vegetables aphids in spring cabbage fields. Among them, the intercropping of cabbage with garlic had the best control effect on cabbage insect pests and increased significantly the evenness and diversity of the arthropod community in spring cabbage fields. Therefore, it had certain practice values in cabbage production.

  A Study on Technology of Minituber Fast Propagation Using in Vitro Potato Axillary Buds 2011, 27 (10):  213-217.  Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 870565KB )   ( 919 ) Application of virus-free potato minitubers is currently one of the most effective measures to increase yield in potato production. And the average yield increase range is between 40% and 80%; however, due to the fact of higher price of minitubers, it is difficult to apply significantly in actual production. A technology of producing potato minituber from pinnate with lateral bud by hormone induction has been studied based on the theory that the growth polarity of plant growing point meristematic tissue can be changed through hormone induction. The result found out that from the bud stage to early flowering period of virus-free potato plant, pinnate with axillary bud which is cut away from the lower part of plant is treated in a certain concentration of NAA, iodole acetic acid (IAA), iodole butyric acid (IBA) and - benzyl adenine (6-BA1), and minitubers for production purpose have been outputed by induction after 4 to 5 weeks' culture. Utilization of the technology based on in vitro axillary bud for potato production has the character of short production cycle, low-cost, easy-operation and high potato seed quality, which has eventually opened up a new way of producing virus-free potato minitubers.

  Effect of Pyroligneous Acid and the Mixture with Charcoal on Soil Fertility and Crop Yields under Protected Cultivation 2011, 27 (10):  218-223.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 699686KB )   ( 1343 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable use of pyroligneous in agricultural facilities, effects of continuous application of pyroligneous acid and the mixture with charcoal in greenhouse soil on yields of Brassica chinensis var. Oleifera and Brassica parachinensis and change of soil fertility were studied, with soil salt content, aggregates composition and content of soil nutrient as the index of field plot experiments. The results showed that: the application of pyroligneous acid and the mixture with charcoal decreased content of soil total salt from 6.8% to 33.3%, 4.5% to 18.2%, respectively, was as follows: pyroligneous>the mixture>control. Increased proportion of soil aggregation composition about classified of 2-0.25 mm to change soil structure better by improving soil aeration and soil permeability than before was as follows: the mixture>pyroligneous>control. Also, can adjusted pH value, increased organic matter and rapidly available phosphorus content. At last, increased yield of test vegetables from 13.4% to 21.7%, 32.6% to 35.0%, respectively, was as follows: the mixture>pyroligneous>control.

  The Application of Vegetable Waste Water-Loggedcompost on the Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Effects of the Rapeseed 2011, 27 (10):  224-229.  Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 678570KB )   ( 862 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study and compare the effects of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost on rapeseed’s yields, quality and nitrogen effects. 14 treatments were carried out: without fertilizer (CK) and different fertilizers and nitrogen gradient treatments. The research results showed that: with the increase of N application, the yields of treatments which applied vegetable waste water-loggedcompost at first increased, then decreased and the yields reached the highest in N application for 0.859 g per pot, and the rapeseed yields of treatments which applied chemical fertilizer treatments had a sharply rising trend; The nitrate content of the treatments which used vegetable waste water-loggedcompost were below safe concentration, but that of fertilizer treatments rose gradually and over security concentration with the increase of nitrogen; The nitrogen utilization and organic fertilizer mineralization rate of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost were higher than those of fertilizer at the same low amount of N application, howerer, the opposite effect would draw when the author put in quantity and high nitrogen; Application of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost didn't cause NO3--N obviously changed in the soil, but fertilizers were lead to risk of increase of soil NO3--N content. Therefore, vegetable waste water-loggedcompost can completely replace chemical fertilizers.

  Comparison of the High-quality and Early-maturing Rapeseed in Guangxi Province 2011, 27 (10):  230-234.  Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 537997KB )   ( 959 ) Comprehensively identificated a group of high-quality and early-maturing rapeseed, in Guangxi province from 2009 to 2010, about its high-yield, resistance and regional adaptability in north region of Guangxi province. The tests were completely random group, repeated three times. The quarter net area was 13.2 m2, the basic miller was 120000 strain/hm2. The results tested the yield of the high-yield rapeseed, its economical trait and growth stage and disease resistant. The results showed superiority of rapeseeds ‘Shilifeng’, ‘Fengyou737’, ‘Zheyou18’, ‘Yunyoushuang2’ and ‘Yunhuayou9’ over other rapeseeds as revealed by high yield , strong resistance and suitable for planting in double cropping rice areas in Guangxi province, ‘Baihua09sw01h’, ‘Huayou5’, ‘Yunyouza2’ and ‘Huayou8’were unsuitable for extension in Guangxi province because of their low yield and lesser resistance, the other rapeseeds had relatively lower yield or reasonably lesser resistance, and need to be further tested.

  Optimization of Extracting Triterpene from Phellinus igniarius by Response Surface Methodology 2011, 27 (10):  235-238.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 1004682KB )   ( 851 ) The aim was to study the optimal conditions of of triterpene in hypha of Phellinus igniarius by microwave-assisted extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of ethanol concentration extraction, microwave extraction power and microwave extraction time. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of total triterpen were 80% ethanol concentration, the microwave time was 10 min, and the microwave power was 600 W. In this case, the extraction contentof total triterpen from hypha was 1.48 mg/g.

  Transformation and Molecular Detection of BVDV Gene E0 in Ginseng Hairy Roots 2011, 27 (10):  239-242.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 1046818KB )   ( 935 ) Ginseng hairy roots were induced by leaf disc method, and recombinant plant expression vector (pBI121/E0) of BVDV gene E0 of deer was transformed into ginseng hairy roots by Agobacterium rhizgenses with Ri-plasmid. E0 in ginseng hairy roots was detected by PCR, RT-PCR methods. The results indicated that E0 transgenic ginseng hairy roots were obtained. E0 was transferred into Ginseng hairy roots, and expressed in ginseng hairy roots.

  Weather and Climate Background Analysis and Forecast of the First Appearance Period of Phyllocnistis citrella in Quzhou Area 2011, 27 (10):  243-349.  Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 3806805KB )   ( 865 ) For relieving the damage from the Phyllocnistis citrella, the relationship between the first appearance of the Phyllocnistis citrella and the background of weather and climate conditions was discussed and a forecast system utilizing the observation of meteorological elements was modeled in this study. The atmospheric circulation, surface weather system and the low-level jet during the period of Phyllocnistis citrella first appearance were analyzed by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the historical data of the weather information comprehensive processing system MICAPS. The first appearance of the Phyllocnistis citrella could be classified into two categories: the early period, the Phyllocnistis citrella first appearance in May or June, and the later period while in July to September. It was found that: the average atmospheric circulation and the average temperature field were quite different between the early period and the later period; if the ground low-pressure had last several days, it was mostly that the Phyllocnistis citrella would appear in Quzhou during the first period and the appearance of Phyllocnistis citrella in later period was directly related to the landing typhoon which first occurred in Zhejiang or north of Fujian. The southwest or east lower jet always occured in south China or the east coast and maintains more than two days before the appearance of Phyllocnistis citrella. The result showed positive correlation between the cumulative temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and vapour pressure and the first appearance of the Phyllocnistis citrella in the early period. The forecasting model of the appearance of the Phyllocnistis citrella and the index of 5-day rolling forecast were built by the observation of meteorological elements.

  Study on the Off-season Cultivation and Vinification Characteristics of Wine Grape in Subtropical Area of South Guangxi 2011, 27 (10):  250-255.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 649262KB )   ( 1069 ) The south of Guangxi belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, where has abundant sunshine and heat resources, rare rain in winter. Wine grape can be planted successfully by using off-season cultivation technique, rainproof cultivation and artificial inducing sprout in southern Guangxi. The detection showed that the sugar content of cabernet sauvignon and melot reached to 130 g/L, total acidity was 7.58 g/L in cabernet sauvignon fruit, 7.42 g/L in melot fruit. More than 40 volatile compounds were determined and identified by GC-MS in two wines. It contained 56.82% ester, 20.45% alcohol, 15.9% acid, 6.8% others in cabernet sauvignon wine. It contains 55.0% ester, 17.5% alcohol, 20.0% acid, 7.5% others in melot wine. The results indicated that cabernet sauvignon and melot grew well in the south of Guangxi with off-season cultivation technique. The characteristic aromas were exposed in two wines.

  Construction of the RNAi Vector of GVA MP Gene 2011, 27 (10):  256-259.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 1238207KB )   ( 981 ) The resistance induced by RNAi to plant virus is a new strategy for controlling the viruses in recent years. In this study, according to the basic principles of RNA interference, two fragments (418 bp) of GVA MP gene were amplified with PCR and inserted into both sides of intron of pFGC5941 in forwards and reverse way so that it produces hairpin RNA during translation efficiently. The construction of the interfering vector pFGC5941-GVAFR targeting to GVA MP gene was identified by PCR, and the vector was transferred into agrobacterium EHA105 successfully, it provided an important basis for further studying its RNAi effection.

  Cloning and Sequencing of CHLH Gene in Fragaria pentaphylla Lozinsk 2011, 27 (10):  260-265.  Abstract + ( 967 )   PDF ( 2214879KB )   ( 966 ) The aim was to study the functions of abscisic acid binding protein in straw berry resistance. Therefore, the research of abscisic acid binding protein was the crux of the problem in the mechanism of ABA. In this study, the total DNA was extracted from Fragaria pentaphylla Lozinsk leaves, and the cDNA sequence was amplified through PCR. The results showed gene had 4662 bp in length, encoding 1393 amino acid. The CHLH has high sequence homology with other plants，it shared 77%-90%identity in nucleotide sequence and 57%-77% identity in amino acid sequence.

  The Analysis of Genotype Differences on the Sugar Accumulation of Mango Germplasm Resources 2011, 27 (10):  266-270.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 522553KB )   ( 1053 ) The fruits of 36 mango germplasm were used as materials to study the sugar content (Fructose, glucose and sucrose) of mango pulp by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology. The results showed that there were significant differences among the total content of different mango germplasm, ranged from 16.04% (Dashehari) to 3.49% (M. Sylvalica). There were also obvious differences on proportion of fructose, glucose and sucrose among different mango germplasm. They could be classed into 3 types based on their sugar composition: (1) Sucrose prevalent type, including ‘Haibao’, ‘Lippens’, ‘Chun Hwang’, and so on. (2) Monosacccharide prevalent type, including KRS, ‘M. Sylvalica’ and 20001. (3) Intermediate type, including ‘Guixiang’, ‘Yellow Ivovy’, ‘Sri LanKa811’, ‘Thailand 504’, ‘Rumang’, ‘Zihua’. According to the sugar content of mango fruits, with the acid of average cluster analysis, 36 mango germplasm were divided into 5 groups. The first group included 12 cultivars such as ‘R2E2’, ‘Haibao’, ‘Bambaroo’, ‘Chun Hwang’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Thailand 504’, ‘KRS’, et al.. The second class included 21 cultivars such as ‘Ono’, ‘Red Ivory’, ‘Lippens’, ‘Tainong No. 1’, ‘Mallika’ et al.. ‘Dashehari’, 20001, and ‘M. Sylvalica’ belonged to the other groups, respectively.

  Effect of Methyl jasmonate on Coloring of Apple 2011, 27 (10):  271-274.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1195494KB )   ( 939 ) Content of pigments of apple fruits of ‘Starkrimson’ and ‘Red fuji’ were measured after spraying or dipping treatment with methyl jasmonate, aiming to reveal the effect of methyl jasmonate on coloring of apples. The results showed that decomposition of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in the peel of apple fruits were promoted, and the changes of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b correlated with changes of total chlorophyll content. methyl jasmonate improved the synthesis of carotenoid and anthocyanin, and changed the content and composition of carotenoid and anthocyanin.

  Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Cucumber and Infection Rate in Different Substrates 2011, 27 (10):  275-279.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 599636KB )   ( 948 ) To investigate the possibility of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on vegetable seedlings culture, experiments were conducted with cucumber as test crops to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection rate and seedling growth. Seeds of cucumber were sown in 4 mixed substrates and inoculated with AM fungi Glomus intraradics, Glomu mosseae, Glomus etunicatum. The four substrates were vermiculite: ceramsite:perlite:vermiculite=4:3:3, (ceramsite:perlite:vermiculite):peat=9:1, (ceramsite:perlite: vermiculite):water retaining agent=9:1, vermiculite:water retaining agent=1:1. Significant differences were observed in some treatments with respect to mycorrhizal colonization rates and seedling growth of cucumber. The results showed the infection rate of AMF were below 10% in mixture of vermiculite and water retaining agent, the others was below 20%. And Other three kinds of substrates treatments was higher than 22.61%, particularly after inoculated with G. intraradics the lowest infection rate was 87%. The highest seedling vigorous index in media(ceramsite:perlite:vermiculite):peat. It was thus clear that (ceramsite:perlite:vermiculite):peat treatments resulted in the most beneficial effects on seedling vigorous index and infection rate of cucumber roots. Therefore it was the ideal substrate for mycorrhizal seedling of cucumber.

  Effects of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on the Control of Cucumber Root Knot Nematode 2011, 27 (10):  280-283.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 564568KB )   ( 1425 ) The effects of exogenous chitosan (CTS) and salicylic acid (SA) on the control of cucumber root knot nematode and cucumber yield were investigated. The influences of CTS and SA treatment on the control efficacy of root knots and eggs, disease index, field control efficacy and cucumber yield were detected in pot and field experiments. The results showed that CTS and SA both possessed nematocidal activity, and had synergetic effects. In field experiments, a mixture solution of 150 mg/L SA and 100 mg/L CTS was effective in controlling cucumber root knot nematode, and root pouring treatment had better control effect than spraying treatment with 44.55% control effect and a 27.3% increase in cucumber productivity. A mixture solution of 150 mg/L SA and 100 mg/L CTS root pouring treatment had best control efficacy of cucumber root knot nematode and could increase yield.

  Studies on the Chromosome Preparation for FISH in Chinese Cabbage 2011, 27 (10):  284-288.  Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 2165364KB )   ( 868 ) Adopting the wall degested with enzyme and low osmotic method to prepare the chromosome production of Chinese cabbage, some related factors effecting on the mitotic index and chromosome preparation quality were studied, including the root tip length, pretreatment medicament and time, the tempreture and time of pre-low osmotic and enzyme hydrolysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was also used to detect the chromosome preparation quality using the 25S rDNA as probe. The results showed that the best method was treating the root tips with 0.002 mol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline for 2 h when the root length was 1.5-2 cm, 0.075 mol/L KCl at 25℃ for 0.5 h pre-low osmosis treatment, and the optimum conditions for enzyme hydrolysis were at 4℃ for 5-6 h or 25℃ for 2-2.5 h with 2% cellulase and 2% pectinase. The high quality chromosome preparation with scattering chromosomes and clean background was achieved by above method, and could be used to FISH without needing pretreatment. This study will set up the foundation for the related research about FISH in Chinese cabbage.

  Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Parameters of Apple Rootstocks 2011, 27 (10):  289-293.  Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 713993KB )   ( 795 ) In this paper, the two-year-old seedlings of the apple rootstocks were used to analysis the changes of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameters (re、ri、r1、τ) and the relation between the frost hardiness (FH) by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy and conventional electrolyte leakage when shoots of apple rootstocks apple rootstocks under low temperature stress. The results showed that extracellular resistance (re), intracellular resistance (ri) the resistances (r1) and relaxation time (τ) decreased with the temperature being reduced. For the frost-exposed stems, the re, ri, and r1 were highly correlated with the frost hardiness (r=0.838～0.906), but r1 underestimated frost hardiness about 10℃. The results suggested that re and ri could be the suitable parameters to measure the frost hardiness of apple rootstocks freezing, and re was the best parameter.

  Establishment of Model of Seeds Protein Content in Peanut Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy 2011, 27 (10):  294-296.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 517125KB )   ( 1601 ) Because of the grape have perishable and short period. So the test for material, through spraying method, the determination of storage at room temperature during the grape fruit quality and bad, study the changes of different concentrations of chitosan membranes of grapes. Results showed that: with chitosan coating treatment could reduce the decay rate, keep grape vine color and brightness, decrease the intensity of storage grapes breathe metabolization moisture content and degree of loss. By 1% of chitosan membranes treatment was the best effect of preservation.

  Analysis and Thought on the Rural Landscape Research in China 2011, 27 (10):  297-300.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 488295KB )   ( 1353 ) The general situation of the study of rural landscape was described at home and abroad, and from different areas the concept of rural landscape was discussed in China. Then the main recent research content of rural landscape was summarized. On the basis of this, the author analyzed and reflected on present status seriously. It was pointed out that laws and regulations on rural landscape should be formulated, blending multidisciplinary be strengthened, and research fields be expanded and deepened. Finally the importance of studying rural landscape evolution was emphasized, as the key fields of the future research and development.