Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.8 Published:20 April 2011

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  Summary of Researches on Camellia Oleifera Fertilization 2011, 27 (8):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   PDF ( 577838KB )   ( 1834 ) Reasonable fertilization is an important measure for high yield of Camellia oleifera with good quality. Fertilization can enhance photosynthesis rate, water using efficiency and stomatal conductance, so that growth and yield of C. oleifera are promoted. Prescription fertilization significantly improves vegetative growth of young C. oleifera trees. Tree growth, foliar P concentrations, N mineralization rate, nutrient supply and microbial activity may be improved after addition of N + P fertilizer. Fertilizer species of C. oleifera includes base fertilizer and top dressing, which are fertilized by furrow application and leaf spraying, and spring and early summer are effect fertilization seasons. Future research of C. oleifera fertilization will focus on developing a simple and practical fertilizer response function, applying management information system supported with 3S technology on C. oleifera fertilization, research and production of C. oleifera -specific fertilizer and slow/controlled released fertilizer.

  Studies on Preponderant Populations Regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis f. shekannesis Community on Loess Plateau 2011, 27 (8):  7-12.  Abstract + ( 1896 )   PDF ( 844283KB )   ( 1315 ) To discuss the regeneration characteristic of the dominant populations and different forest types’ influences on them, a systematic study on populations structure of Pinus tabulaeformis f. shekannesis and Quercus wutaishanica, as well as seedlings quantity in Pinus tabulaeformis f. shekannesis community on loess plateau were accomplished by using quadrat sampling method. The regeneration dynamics of populations and seedlings, the mortality and causes of seedlings were analyzed. The results showed that populations and seedlings of P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis in pure and mixed forest, as well as Quercus wutaishanica population in pure forest appeared to distribute in an inversed ‘J’ shape, which indicated they were developing populations. Quercus wutaishanica in mixed forest was a grown up population, environmental conditions in the mixed forest were more suitable for the earlier seedlings but less for later growth. The density of P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis seedlings was lower than that of Q. liaotungensis, the seedling bank of P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis population in this area was also poor. Comparatively, P. tabulaeformis f. shekannesis population might be more suitable for the growth of Quercus wutaishanica.

  The Response of Forest to Persistent Super Rainstorm and its Restoration Countermeasures 2011, 27 (8):  13-16.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 562963KB )   ( 1062 ) Aimed to find out the courses of forest damage induced by super rainstorm, taking the most serious-damaged Nanping city as an example, the author concentrated on characteristics, development conditions and formation causes of forest damage, and recommended countermeasures for forest restoration. It was found that forest damage was related to soil instability under the action of super rainstorm and distributed mainly along valley and road with >25° slope and shallow roots in strong rainfall area. The main courses of forest damage were granite weathered soil, persistent super rainstorm, trees with shallow roots, disturbance of human and people’s misunderstanding of damage. Finally, the restoration countermeasures were recommended based on this work, which included cleaning blow-down trees, planting liana and trees with deep roots and risking zoning evaluation of forest.

  Study on Relationship between Water Loss, Electrical Characteristics and Planting Survival Rate in Three Deciduous Trees Seedling 2011, 27 (8):  17-22.  Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 862948KB )   ( 1030 ) By exposing seedlings of Caragana korshinskii, Tamarix ramosissima and Amorpha fruticosa into outside condition without root protection, testing the seedling water content, resistance value and planting survival rate of the seedling exposed outside with different duration time, the paper studied the relationship between water loss, resistance value and planting survival rate of three tree species’ seedlings. The result showed that with the increasing of duration time of the seedling exposed in the air, the water content and the planting survival rate of the seedling reduced, but the accumulate of seedlings’ water loss and the resistance value of the seedling increased. When the planting survival rate of Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix ramosissima, Caragana Korshinskii seedling was 40%, the water content and the resistance value for three tree species were 2.82 g、8.45 g、0.44 g and 32.75 MΩ、1.86 MΩ、19.82 MΩ respectively.

  Effects of Low Temperature on Cold Resistance of Pistacia chinensis 2011, 27 (8):  23-26.  Abstract + ( 1333 )   PDF ( 702552KB )   ( 1185 ) Take one-year-old sticks as materials, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), the content of soluble protein and the content of soluble sugar, the relative electrolyte leakage percentage of one-year and two-year Pistacia chinensis seedlings in different low temperature conditions were studied in the paper. It showed that the activities of SOD and POD in embrace increased early and decreased later, the content of MDA、soluble protein and soluble sugar increased with the temperature decreasing. The relative electric conductivity increased as a S-curves with the temperature decreasing. According to the Logistic equation, the semi-lethal temperature (LT50) for sticks of one-year and two-years Pistacia chinensis seedlings were -24.88℃ and -26.58℃, respectively.

  Study on Cutting Propagation of Elaeagnus bockii. Diels 2011, 27 (8):  27-31.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 587894KB )   ( 1104 ) Different kinds of phytohormones, phytohormone concentrations, different substrates, thickness of scion s and water-soaking treatment were used to study the best cutting effect of E. bockii. Diels. The effects of different treatments on the rooting rate, rooting number and root length were evaluated by statistical analysis. The results showed that the best effect on E. bockii. Diels cutting was from the leaf mould, the rooting rate, rooting number and root length were 77.3%, 3.8 and 4.1 cm. For the hormone treatments, the best effects was obtained by treating with IBA 150 mg/L. the rooting rate, rooting number and root length were 78.1%, 3.9 and 3.7 cm. But for the cutting diameter, the cutting diameter with 5-6 mm was the effective way. The best combination was follows: diameter 5-6 mm cutting treated for 4 hours with ABT7 150 mg/L and planted in the cutting medium of leaf mould. The water-soaking treatment for 3-5 days had the best effect for rooting.

  In vitro Propagation of Ancient Mulberry(Morus alba L.)from the Summer Palace in Beijing 2011, 27 (8):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1567 )   PDF ( 1194074KB )   ( 1180 ) Nodal explants derived from ancient mulberry (Morus alba), which was lived in the Summer Palace for more than 100 years, were used to initiate shoot cultures. Bud formation on the nodal explants was induced on an optimal medium MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+PVP 0.2g/L. To get a high propagation ratio, the seedlings were transferred to the medium of MS+ 6-BA 0.8 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L +PVP 0.2 g/L. The optimal medium for adventitious root inducing was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L +PVP 0.2 g/L, and the rooting rate was 100%. The plantlets were transplanted to pots with vermiculite-perlite mixture-humus soil (1:1:1) mixture and acclimated for several weeks. The rooted and acclimated plantlets were transferred outdoors with 95% transplantation success.

  The Advances of the Application of SSR Markers in Cucumis melo L. 2011, 27 (8):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 473675KB )   ( 1085 ) SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers are one of DNA markers based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SSRs (simple sequence repeats) show much higher level polymorphism and randomly distributed along the linkage map in melon (Cucumis melo L.), and the SSR markers are inherited in a codominant manner. The utilization of SSR markers in genetic diversity, genome mapping, gene location, and marker assisted selection in melon genetics and breeding are summarized in this paper.

  Effects of Shading on Eco-environment and Leaf Gas Exchange of Tea in Hilly Tea Plantation 2011, 27 (8):  40-46.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 851447KB )   ( 1154 ) To analyze the influence of shading on the environment of tea plantation and leaf gas exchange characteristics of the tea, four different levels of shading (75%, 56%, 30% and 0%) were designed with different black shade cloths in summer. The results showed that shading improved the ecological environment of tea plantation effectively, the photo synthetically active radiation under 75%, 56% and 30% shading treatments decreased significantly compared with the control treatment. The daily average air temperature under 75%, 56% and 30% shading treatments were 1.7℃, 1.1℃ and 0.7℃ lower than in the control, and daily average soil surface temperature was 8.2℃, 5.7℃, 3.5℃ lower compared with that under the control. In addition, the daily average temperature of the 5 cm soil profile was 5.4℃, 3.4℃ and 2.3℃, lower than in the control, respectively. Humidity increased as temperature decreased. Relative humidity under 75%, 56% and 30% shading was 2.7%, 1.6%, 0.9% higher than in the control. Besides, significant difference was found between the 75% shading and the control treatment. The water content of one-bud-three-leaves was 21.8% higher and the average leaf area of the third mature leaf was 8.96 cm2 larger than those of control. Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of tea was single-peak curve under 75% and 56% shading and bimodal curve under 30% and control. The total net photosynthetic rates of different treatments was in the order of 56%＞75%＞30%＞0%. At the same time, transpiration rate increased as the shading intensity become higher. Stomatal conductance showed a single peak curve under 56% and 75% shading, while it showed bimodal curve under 30% shading and control treatment.

  Changes of Soil Nutrients in Ginseng under Forest at Different Growth Stages 2011, 27 (8):  47-52.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 774197KB )   ( 1079 ) The variation of the soil nutrients in ginseng under forest at different growth stage was studied by the method of agro-chemical analysis to reveal its states of soil nutrients requirement. The results showed that the content of total K in the soil of the root zone and contrast were the highest at leaf extending stage, their contents were 88.78g/kg and 100.34g/kg; the highest content of organic matte, total N and available K at flowering stage, the contents of nutrients were 53.14 g/kg, 52.89 g/kg, 5.48 mg/kg, 6.31 mg/kg, 16.53 g/kg, 19.08 g/kg, 146.29 mg/kg, 194.71 mg/kg; the lowest content of total N, total P, total K and available N at red fruit stage, the contents of nutrient were 4.35 g/kg, 4.62 g/kg, 0.47 g/kg, 0.55 g/kg, 81.75 g/kg, 82.52 g/kg, 15.5 mg/kg, 15.03 mg/kg; the lowest content of organic matte at withered time, the lowest content of available P at green fruit stage and the lowest of pH value at red fruit stage. There was a correlation between the organic matter with the available N and total N of the soil in root zone, and the correlate coefficient were 0.72 and 0.762; there was a correlation between the total N with the total P and available N, the correlation coefficient achieves 0.766 and 0.765, and the correlation between the available K with the pH value. Through analysis, the results indicated that there were the regular changes of the demand for soil nutrients of forest ginseng.

  Effects of Salt Stress on the Seed Germination and Young Seedling Growth of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia 2011, 27 (8):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1452 )   PDF ( 842834KB )   ( 915 ) The aim was to study the effects of Salt stress on seed germination and young seedling growth of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia. Its’ seeds were treated with different concentrations of salt stress, and related indicators of seed germination and germination index, and determined the protective enzyme activity and other related physiological indexes of young seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that the optimal germination was obtained under control conditions. With the rising of the salt stress，the root activity first increased and then reduced, and they reached the maximum values when salt content was 30%, and the praline content of the seedlings increased. The activities of protective enzyme SOD, CAT and POD were all improved firstly then fell along with salt stress increased, and the activities of SOD and POD reached the maximum values when salt content was 20%, the activities of CAT reached the maximum values when salt content was 30%. The contents of MDA first were reduced and then increased as concentrations of the artificial seawater increased. These results suggested that the seedling growth of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia suitable for some concentrations of seawater, but its seed germination was suitable for saltless environment.

  The Bioactivity of Ethanol Extract from Inula Salsoloides Ostenf. against Plutella xylostella 2011, 27 (8):  58-62.  Abstract + ( 1767 )   PDF ( 762566KB )   ( 1211 ) In order to develop new and high effective plant pesticide, the possibility of Inula Salsoloides Ostenf. as botanical pesticide was investigated. Contacting toxicity, antifeeding, inhibiting oviposition, stomach poisoning and inhibiting growth and development of the ethanol extract from Inula Salsoloides Ostenf. against 3th instar larvae of plutella xylostella were determined in laboratory. The results indicated that the ethanol extract displayed obvious contacting toxicity and antifeeding effect against 3th instar larvae of plutella xylostella. The corrected mortality and antifeedant rate both increased with the increasing of extract concentration. The LC50 of contacting action was 4.949 g/L by dipping method. The choice AFC50 and the non-choice AFC50 were respectively 4.676 g/L and 4.189 g/L at 24 h. The extract displayed good potentials of inhibiting oviposition. The repelling rate was more than 70% at 24 h. The repelling effect gradually decreased as the time increased. The extract also displayed stomach poisoning and inhibiting growth and development on plutella xylostella. The study suggested that the ethanol extract from Inula Salsoloides Ostenf. had higher contacting toxicity and antifeeding against 3th instar larvae of plutella xylostella. Therefore, Inula Salsoloides Ostenf. had potential development value as plant pesticide.

  The Influence of Invasion of Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosa to the Bacterial Community in the Root Soils 2011, 27 (8):  63-68.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 886431KB )   ( 1247 ) 【OBJECTIVE】Understanding the influence of invasion of Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosa to the bacterial community in the root soils.【METHOD】The PCR-DGGE combined with cloning of V3 region of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were used to analyze the bacterial community of the rhizospheric soils, which were heavily invaded, newly invaded or non-invaded by the two exotic weeds, Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosain in Guangzhou.【RESULTS】The analysis of DGGE profiles showed that: comparing with the non-invaded site, the soil examples of the heavily-invaded and the newly-invaded by Mikania micrantha in Guangzhou had the similarity of 59.6% and 54.2%, respectively; the same trend occurred in the soil samples of the heavily-invaded and the newly invaded by Bidens pilosa, the similarity were 60.0% and 58.6%, respectively. The invasion of Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosa resulted in the changes of uncultivated bacteria which had close relationships to α, β, γ proteus and bacilli in the soils.【CONCLUSION】All those results suggested that the invasion of Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosa could modified soil microbial community composition, probably create favorable soil environment to benefit themselves.

  Study on the relations of six forage’photo- response characteristics and aboveground biomass under orchard 2011, 27 (8):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 754221KB )   ( 1205 )

  Plant Growth Regulators on Basil Seed Germination and Seedling Growth 2011, 27 (8):  74-78.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 572830KB )   ( 1415 ) To study different concentrations of NAA, GA3, IBA and 6-BA influence on basil seed germination and seedling growth, With different concentrations of NAA, GA3, IBA, and 6-BA pretreatment 24 h, after soaking the seed germination rate and the seedlings of different indicators to study plant growth regulators soaking basil seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that after 100 mg/L GA3 soaking, the seed germination rate increased by 26.6%, total chlorophyll content increased 30%, specific activity of peroxidase increased 70%. After 25 mg/L IBA soaking, the seed germination rate increased 26.6%, total chlorophyll content increased 25%, specific activity of peroxidase increased 60%. Each indicator increased significantly compared with the control. So we could get the conclusion that 100 mg/L GA3 and 25 mg/L IBA soaking could do great help to basil’s seed germination and seedling growth, which could be used in bulk production.

  Research on Shade Tolerance of Smilacina japonica 2011, 27 (8):  79-82.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 645741KB )   ( 1338 ) Smilacina japonica is a perennial herb of Liliaceae, which has highly decorative values and thrives in the shade; it is a excellent shade plant. This paper discussed the effeets on the growth, photosynthesis and physiological character of Smilacina japonica under different shading treatments. The results showed that the light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP) were at a low level. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）presented the double-peak curve, with a clear “light lunch break” phenomenon. The plant height, single leaf area, specific leaf weight and the content of chlorophyll increased with the decrease in light transmittance degrees. Under 30% light transmittance degree, they were the highest. Fewer than 30% light transmittance degree, Smilacina japonica with dark green leaves had the best ornamental effect. The apex and margin of leaves in the sun turned yellow, and showed weak growth vigor. Comprehensively, Smilacina japonica grew better in 30% light intensity than the others.

  Studies on the Soil Seed-bank of Portulaca oleracea, a Vicious Weed Species in Leafy Vegetable Field ofthe Vegetable Farms with Different Cropping Duration 2011, 27 (8):  83-86.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 553747KB )   ( 983 ) The objective of the study was to investigate the soil seed-bank of Portulaca oleracea in 0~20 cm soil layer, which collected from leafy vegetable fields in those farms with different cropping duration. The results showed that the Portulaca oleracea seed density of soil seed-bank enhanced with increased cropping duration. These results obtained from the laboratory were agreed with the real fact in the field. The Portulaca oleracea seed density of seed-bank gradually reduced along with the soil vertical depth increase, which was distributed mainly in the 0~15 cm soil layer, accounted for 98.5% of the whole seed-bank, and the seed density that in the 15~20 cm soil layer was especially lower. In addition, we investigated the dynamics of Portulaca oleracea seed density of soil seed-bank, and the results demonstrated that the highest seed density of soil seed-bank was occurred in the March and December quarters, respectively, while the seed density of soil seed-bank was relatively lower in the June and September quarters. The results of the happening in field had the contrary trend.

  Establishment and Optimization of AFLP Analysis System in Asparagus 2011, 27 (8):  87-90.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   PDF ( 1269090KB )   ( 1047 ) To establish and optimize AFLP reaction system for Asparagus and lay foundation to analy its genetic diversity, the single-factor was applied for optimizing four factors in the reaction system including restriction enzyme amount, time of digestion, preamplification system and final amplification. The DNA was completely digested by 5 U enzyme EcoRⅠand MseⅠin 37℃ water-baths for 3 h. The digested fragments were legated with 2.0 pmol EcoRⅠ, 2.0 pmol MseⅠadaptors and 1 U T4-DNA ligase at 16℃ to stand overnight. The Final amplification system included 1.0 U Taq polymerase, 0.4 μL EcoR I and Mse I primers. On this basis, 8 primers were screened with stable amplification and rich polymorphism. It was proved that this system was stable and credible. This optimized AFLP system would provide the basis for the genetic analysis of Asparagus.

  Study on Indoor Plant Germplasm Resources which Generate Negative Air Ions 2011, 27 (8):  91-97.  Abstract + ( 1605 )   PDF ( 746578KB )   ( 1707 ) Generation of negative air ions (NAI) by indoor plants which belong to 25 families (Araceae, Liliaceae, etc.) was studied. Those plants which can produce high concentration of NAI to maintain, even to increase the amount of NAI indoor was screened out. And they were capable of improving the quality of indoor environment. Measurements of NAI concentration generated by 36 species of plants were taken inside an airtight glass container. The results showed facts as following: Ficus lyrata produced 76 ions/cm3 which was the highest while Crassula portulacea produced 26 ions/cm3, the lowest. By mean of concentration in a whole day, Asparagus myrioeladus and Begonia semperflorens respectively produced a highest level of 43 ions/cm3, which was also 2.4 times as controlled experiment. In the state of nature, most plants produced higher NAI concentration during daytime than during night. And the concentrations of NAI generated by most plants kept steady at different times of day while a few plants kept larger rate of change in the concentrations of NAI.

  The cold critical temperature compare of 10 species of earlying spring flowering plants in Baoding 2011, 27 (8):  98-102.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 590266KB )   ( 1091 ) Trial of 10 early spring flowering plants of Baoding as materials, determined the petals of different stages of plant supercooling point used of the artificial cream boxes, after low temperature treatment using the artificial cream boxes, to measure the electrolyte leakage, combined with Logistic equation to calculate the half-lethal temperature, browning rate statistics, which sort of their cold hardiness. The results showed that: cold hardiness from low to high Amygdalus triloba, Amygdalus persica, Forsythia viridissima, Amygdalus triloba f. multiplex, Chaenomeles speciosa, Magnolia denudata, Amygdalus davidiana, Forsythia suspensa, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Jasminum nudiflorum.

  Regulation Network and Biological Roles of APETALA1 of Arabidopsis Thaliana in Flower Development 2011, 27 (8):  103-107.  Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 695364KB )   ( 1932 ) In order to clarify central role of APETALA1(AP1) gene in the regulation network of flower development, recent research progress on regulation network and biological roles of AP1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana are reviewed emphatically in the present paper and the future studies on the regulatory mechanism of flower development are also discussed. AP1 is a key gene in regulation network of flower development, because it is the crucial identity gene of a flower meristem and the floral organ identity gene. AP1 plays an important role in flower meristem differentiation, flower bud initiation and floral organ development by interaction and coordination with other regulatory genes.

  Primary Studies on Breeding Techniques by 2n Gametes in colored Zantedeschia hybrid 2011, 27 (8):  108-113.  Abstract + ( 1425 )   PDF ( 2957881KB )   ( 1104 ) The cultivars of colored Zantedeschia hybrid: Black magic and Flamingo are used as experimental material. The young robust buds were selected to be treated with 0.15% colchicine to induce 2n gametes. The treated young flower buds between the two cultivars were crossed when pistil and stamena matured. The results showed that: colchicine had some poison impact on the development of the pistil and androecium, especially on that of pistil; 2n gametes can overcome sterility of hybrids to a certain extent. Under the same conditions, the seed germination of hybrids derived from treated gametes was sped up greatly (about 50d in advance) compared with that of control seed; the leaves were larger, thinner, and light color, and some plants performed malformation. The chromosome identification showed: triploids were achieved from the crossing of treated gametes with normal gametes and the chromosome number was 32 (2n=3x=48).

  Different Pollination Method on Improving the Self-compatibility and Cross-compatibility in Cut-flower Chrysanthemum 2011, 27 (8):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 963580KB )   ( 932 ) In this experiment, 6 cultivars of cut-flower chrysanthemum were employed as experimental materials to study the effects of 5 pollination method on improving the self-compatibility and cross-compatibility in cut flower chrysanthemum. The result indicated: the best was the method of pollinating when the stigmas displayed the late type of “I” and combined with spraying the 3% NaCl and 0.1% borax solution; the second was pollinating when the stigmas displayed the late type of “I”; the method of pollinating when the stigmas displayed the late type of “Y” and combined with spraying the 3% NaCl and 0.1% borax solution had no influence on improving the cross-compatibility; physical method produced the different influence on different cultivars. Pollinating of self-cross when the stigmas displayed the late type of “Y”, we can find that the compatible index of C030 was 0.018, and others was 0. Through pollinating when the stigmas displayed the late type of “I” and combined with spraying the 3% NaCl and 0.1% borax solution, this method overcame the self-incompatibility of C030. According to the observation of fluoroscope, there were many pollens adhesion in the stigmas after pollinating in hybridization. But after self-cross, we can see a few pollens adhesion and germination, but grew abnormally.

  Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Stomatal conductance in Dahlia Leaves 2011, 27 (8):  119-122.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 647054KB )   ( 1381 ) The effects of different levels of water stress and rewatering on leaf transpiration，photosynthesis and stomatal conductanceof ‘Fenxishi’ plant was studied. The results showed that transpiration rate(Tr)、net photosynthetic rate(Pn)、stomatal conductance(Gs) and water using efficiency(WUE) decreased with the increasing of water stress and the lasting of time while intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) decreased first and then increased and stomatal limitation value(Ls) increased first and then decreased.The reasons of Pn decreased were stomatal and nonstomatal limitation respectively in light and severe water stresses. After rewatering, the photosynthesis characteristics cannot recovered on the serious stress which did damage to dahlia leaves more earlier.

  Isolation and Transient Expression Analysis in Cabbage of the Promoter of RdGASA4-like from Rosa damascene 2011, 27 (8):  123-127.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 1210196KB )   ( 1192 ) In previous study, the full length DNA and cDNA of the RdGASA4-like gene had been isolated from Damask rose（Rosa damascena）through homology cloning combined with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). In order to further understand the role of RdGASA4-like in the regulating network on plant development of gibberellic acid, its 685bp 5’-UTR and partial sequence upstream ATG of RdGASA4-like was obtained by Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL-PCR). Based on sequence analysis, it was fused to a uid A gene to construct plant expression vector, named as pBI-GP685. By agrobacterium-mediated method, the explants of petiole with cotyledon of Cabbage were transformed. The transient expression study showed that the obtained promoter of RdGASA4-like was active and can drive the uid A by GUS assay analysis.

  Study on DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Crude Polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. 2011, 27 (8):  128-131.  Abstract + ( 1832 )   PDF ( 642051KB )   ( 1760 ) The antioxidateve activity of crude polysaccharides was determined by the capacity of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical after dried roselle calyx was extrated by hot-water and ethanol precipitation. The results showed that the crude polysaccharides had better antioxidative activity and in the concentration range of 0.551 ~ 2.150 mg/mL had a good linear relationship: y=28.7684x+39.43208, R=0.973.

  Effect of P, Fe-deficiency Stress on Root Architecture of Rosa Rugosa Young Seedlings 2011, 27 (8):  132-135.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 658234KB )   ( 1157 ) The sand culture system was used to study P, Fe-deficiency on the parameters of root architecture and activity of Rosa Rugosa young seedlings. The results showed that the total root length, tips, surface area, volume, diameter and fractal dimension of root of Rosa Rugosa young seedling increased obviously; the root activity decreased significantly. Under P-deficiency condition, the primary root of Rosa Rugosa young seedlings was controlled. Under the condition of P-deficiency, the primary root length increased, and the length and number of second lateral root increased significantly, which were 229.9% and 205.4% more than those of control respectively. The root activity and fractal dimension in Fe-deficiency condition was less than in P-deficiency.

  Research on Optimization System on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Trollius chinensis 2011, 27 (8):  136-139.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 1035791KB )   ( 1086 ) Trollius chinensis has been picked dramatically in rencent years, which has enormously destroyed the wild resources of the plant. Therefore, the introduction and domestication of the wild Trollius chinensis are important for landscaping and for the protection of the wild resources .In this study, the seedlings of Trollius chinensis were used as initial explant and Trollius chinensis’s culture in vitro were established. The effect of different time of sterilization on growth of seed was studied and the optimal medium composition for rooting and proliferation was selected by comparing with the effect of different medium culture on growing of Trollius chinensis. The results showed that: the seeds of Trollius chinensis was efficiently sterilized by 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 min; the optimal medium composition for proliferation of Trollius chinensis was 1/2MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA; the optimal medium composition for rooting and seedlings of Trollius chinensis was 1/2MS or 1/2MS+0.05 mg/L NAA. The result provided the theoretical basis for the rapid propagation and production of Trollius chinensis on a large scale.

  Effects of genotypic and environmental on yield and scutellarin content of Erigeron breviscapus 2011, 27 (8):  140-143.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 509172KB )   ( 1467 ) To investigate effects of genotypic and environmental on yield and scutellarin content of Erigeron breviscapus. Two new strains which through lines breeding were regional experimented of multi-point for many years. The variation coefficient of yield was 9.68%, higher variation coefficient of scutellarin content (5.15%). The genotypic effect of yield was 54.10% of total effects, and effects significantly (P<0.01), among point and among point×genotypic had effects significantly (P<0.05), but other effects had not significantly effects. The genotypic effect of scutellarin content was 78.28% of total effects, and effects significantly (P<0.01), among point had effects significantly (P<0.05), but other effects had not significantly effects. Conclusion: E. breviscapus had genotypic effects significantly, and can enhance scutellarin content and yield through variety breeding.

  Simulation Study between Water Evaporation of Cultivation Substrate and Environmental Factor of Greenhouse 2011, 27 (8):  144-149.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 802824KB )   ( 1070 ) For guiding precise irrigation in greenhouse, the environment factors such as air temperature, humidity and light were taken to establish regression models with water evaporation amount in cultivate substrates. The evaporation amount of water in greenhouse was used to forecast amount of evaporation of other cultivated substrates. Water consumption of tomato plants was simulated using BP neural network for its non-linear. Tap water evaporation can be used to instruct irrigation and BP neural network is suitable for plant water consumption simulation, and farmers can make use of all of them simply and cheaply.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Kale Germplasm Resources by RAPD Markers 2011, 27 (8):  150-155.  Abstract + ( 1450 )   PDF ( 629654KB )   ( 1002 ) The morphological characteristics of 44 Chinese kale accessions were investigated and the DNA polymorphism was analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. Twenty primers selected from 150 primers amplified a total of 177 bands, of which 105 were polymorphic, with an average of 7.0 bands and 3.8 polymorphic fragments per primer. The polymorphic percentage was 59.32%. The dendrogram based on RAPD data was constructed by NTSYS-pc2.1. Cluster analysis showed that 44 Chinese kale accessions could be divided into six groups at the level of D=0.70. Because Chinese kale was from south China and the main area was in south China, the genetic diversity of Chinese kale was smaller than other Brassica vegetables.

  Effects of Different Biogas Fertilizers on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of 2011, 27 (8):  156-161.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 629424KB )   ( 1211 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biogas fertilizer on rape and western celery’s yields and nitrogen use efficiency. Eight treatments were carried out: Control (CK), chicken manure biogas residue as base fertilizer (JZ), chicken manure biogas residue as base fertilizer and biogas slurry as top dressing (JZ+JY), half of the chicken manure biogas slurry as base fertilizer and another half as top dressing (JY), cattle manure biogas residue as base fertilizer (NZ), cattle manure biogas residue as base fertilizer and biogas slurry as top dressing (NZ+NY), half of the cattle manure biogas slurry as base fertilizer and another half as top dressing (NY), half of chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer and another half as top dressing (HF). The results showed as follows. The yields of JZ, JZ+JY, JY were 71.4, 74.0, 78.6 g/pot, which higher 26.1%, 14.0%, 2.5% than NZ, NZ+NY, NY respectively, The nitrogen use efficiency of chicken manure biogas fertilizer treatments were higher than the treatments of cattle manure biogas fertilizer, JY was the highest which reached 35.4%.

  Effect of Water-fertilizer Coupling on Quality and Yield of Lettuce in Greenhouse 2011, 27 (8):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 1517 )   PDF ( 498863KB )   ( 1476 ) The comprehensive effects of K, P, N fertilizer and water on quality and yield of Lettuce was studied by means of quadratic general rotational (1/2 practice) combination design in the greenhouse. The results showed the extremely significant regression relation between water-fertilizer coupling and lettuce quality and yield was observed. The maximum effect of four factors on VC and yield of lettuce was phosphatic fertilizer, then quantity of water; nitrogenous fertilizer; potash fertilizer. The effect order of four factors on soluble sugar of lactuca was phosphatic fertilizer>nitrogenous fertilizer>quantity of water>potash fertilizer. The optimal combination scheme of water-fertilizer coupling was obtained, the rate of nitrogenous fertilizer was from 518.3 to 583.5 kg/hm2, the rate of phosphatic fertilizer was from 536.1 to 626.3 kg/hm2, the rate of potash fertilizer was from 150.0 to 154.5 kg/hm2, and the rate of water quantity was from 537.2 to 545.9 m3/hm2.

  Investigation of Organic Matter and Nitrogen of Vegetable Soils in the region of Yangtze River Delta 2011, 27 (8):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 922231KB )   ( 1068 ) The vegetable soils in greenhouses and open-air were collected for the investigation of organic matter and nitrogen contents in Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Suzhou and Changzhou of Yangtze River Delta. The results showed that these vegetable soils were rich in organic matter and inorganic nitrogen, but the content of total nitrogen was relatively low. The content of organic matter and total nitrogen decreased with the increasing soil depth, however, the inorganic nitrogen was high in the deep layer soils due to leaching. Comparatively, there was no significant difference of soil organic matter and nitrogen between in the greenhouse and open-air field.

  Nucleotide and Protein Sequences Analysis of CsCCD7 in Cucumis sarivus L. 2011, 27 (8):  172-180.  Abstract + ( 1405 )   PDF ( 2128834KB )   ( 1392 ) The aim was to analyze the nucleotide and protein sequences of CsCCD7, and provide the theoretical bases to understand the biological functions of unknown proteins. Using a series bioinformatics computer software, database and online programs, the nucleotide and protein sequences of CsCCD7 were analyzed. The results showed that the ORF of CsCCD7 consisted of 1665 bp, and encoded a 554 AA protein which were homologous with carotenoid oxygenase 7; CsCCD7 was located at Chromosome 6 in cucumber, and its full genomic sequence consisted of seven extrons and six introns. CsCCD7 molecular weight was 62.7 KDa and was an unstable protein; there were many phosphorylation sites in CsCCD7. CsCCD7 was non-secretory protein, and had no transmembrane domain. CsCCD7 was located in chloroplast, and belonged to CCD7 evolution branch by phylogenetic analysis. CsCCD7 secondary structure contained several kinds of conformations, and the quantity of β-sheet plus β-turn was more than quantity of α-helix, so this protein was hydrophilicity protein. Both secondary and tetary structures’ prediction results of CsCCD7 showed it was classified into carotenoid oxygenase family. CsCCD7 was the member of CCDs family, and the homologous gene of the gene of inhibiting the axillary bud growth in cucumber. It may play a role in cucumber branching development, strigolactone’s synthesis and signal transduction pathway. The function of CsCCD7 is deserved to study further.

  The Effect of High Temperature on Light Utilization Efficiency of PhotosystemⅡ in Cucumber 2011, 27 (8):  181-184.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 709756KB )   ( 1193 ) The aim was to investigate the effect of the high temperature on the light utilization efficiency of photosystemⅡ of cucumber fruit. The effects of high temperature stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber fruit were measured by MINI-IMAGING-PAM. The results showed that the initial fluorescence (Fo) and quantum yield of unregulated energy dissipation Y(NO) of cucumber fruit were raised with the temperature. In contrary, the maximal fluorescence (Fm), maximal photochemical (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield Y(Ⅱ) and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y (NPQ) of PSⅡ were reduced. The photosynthetic apparatus were protected by the increased quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation and keeping the higher efficiency of reaction centers when the temperature was under 46℃. With the temperature rising again, the excessive light was dissipated by the regulated energy dissipation apparatus of fruit, and destroyed the photosynthetic apparatus.

  Study on Tissue Culture and Regenerative System of Tomato 2011, 27 (8):  185-189.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 562560KB )   ( 1311 ) A series of experiments were made on how to filtrating tomato axenic seedling-age, hormone constitution on shooting and rooting medium in order to obtain the best way on regenerative system of tomato. ‘Zheza 905’, ‘Shengya’ and ‘Fudan’ were used as the materials in the study. Tomato stem and cotyledon were cultured to study on the callus rate, induction rate and rooting rate. The results showed that the best seedling-age were 4 days. The best regeneration medium of tomato cotyledon explants included MSB5, 3% sucrose, 0.6% agar, BA 2.0 mg/L, NAA 0.1 mg/L with pH5.8. The cotyledon callus rates of ‘Zheza 905’, ‘Shengya’ and ‘Fudan’ were 97.00%, 91.00% and 86.00%, respectively. The induction rate were 64.67%, 59% and 53%, respectively .While the medium for stem explants includes MSB5, 3.0% sucrose, 0.6% agar, 2.0 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L NAA with pH5.8. The stem callus rate of‘Zheza 905’, ‘Shengya’ and ‘Fudan’ were 81.67%, 76.00% and 82.67%, respectively. The induction rates were 41.00%, 48.67% and 39.67%, respectively. The rooting medium included 1/2MS, IBA0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.1 mg/L. Regeneration frequency from cotyledon was much higher than that of stems.

  Investigation on Combing Ability of Chinese Pumpkin β-carotene Content 2011, 27 (8):  190-193.  Abstract + ( 1675 )   PDF ( 544313KB )   ( 984 ) Sixteen inbred lines of Chinese pumpkins and 120 hybrid combinations which cross by the 16 inbred lines in Griffing Ⅳ were used to study combining ability of β-carotene content to understand the β-carotene content combing ability characteristics of different pumpkin inbred lines. The results showed that β-carotene content general combining ability (GCA) of Buan10 (from Shanghai) was the highest in the 16 inbred lines of Chinese pumpkins. The ‘Baiquan 2’ (from Beijing) had the lowest β-carotene content GCA. The β-carotene content special combining ability (SCA) of ‘Baiquan9’ (from Henan) × ‘Baiquan10’ (from Shanghai) was the highest in the 120 hybrid combinations. Secondly is ‘Baiquan7’ (from Henan) × ‘Baiquan15’ (from Beijing), ‘Baiquan4’ (from Heilongjiang) × ‘Baiquan 12’ (from Hainan). ‘Baiquan 1’ (from Hunan) × ‘Baiquan11’ had the lowest β-carotene content SCA. Difference of GCA was obvious for different sources of pumpkin inbred lines. The differences of geographical origin were more obvious, the SCA of two pumpkin inbred lines was often high.

  The RAPD Analysis of P. salicina×P. atropurupurea and Prunus salicina cv. ‘angenuo’ and Its Hybrids 2011, 27 (8):  194-198.  Abstract + ( 1543 )   PDF ( 1101884KB )   ( 934 ) The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity among P. salicina×P. Atropurupurea and Prunus salicina cv. ‘angenuo’ and 10 hybrids. 15 primers were screened from 100 random primers, and they were amplified in all hybrids. The polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon information index (I), Nei's genetic diversity index (H), genetic distance and genetic identity were analyzed by using PopGene3.2 software. The dendrogram based on genetic distance was constructed by using DPSv2.0 software, in accordance with the un-weighted pai-group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA). The results showed that 15 primers amplified 89 polymorphic bands, the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 93.54%, the average Shannon information index was 0.4298, and the average Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.3574, which indicated more genetic diversity of offspring. The dendrogram showed the genetic variation of hybrids was rich. The No.1 had the closest relationship with the parent plant, which indicated it could inherit the red leaves traits of the female parent likely.

  Study on the Dynamic Variation of the Content of Mineral Nutritious Elements in ‘mugua’ Almond-apricot Leaves 2011, 27 (8):  199-203.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 623736KB )   ( 786 ) The purpose was to provide theoretical evidence for scientific fertilization and nutrient diagnosis. The experiment was conducted with the ‘mugua’ almond-apricot. ICP-OES was selected to determine the content of the mineral nutrition (Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al) in leaves of ‘mugua’ almond-apricot. The results were as follows: the development of content of Ca&Mg, Cu&Zn&P, Fe&Al had the similar trends, and K, Mn showed different developing tendency between each other and from others. The correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation in different elements. The results also indicated that the appropriate period of analyzing the standards of nutrition diagnosis of the leaves was about mid-July.

  Relationship between the Growth Characters of Autumn Flushes and Quality of Bearing Shoots and the Flowering of Mangifera indica ‘Zill’ 2011, 27 (8):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 538696KB )   ( 698 ) In order to understand the relationship between the growth characters of autumn flushes and quality of bearing shoots and the flowering rate of Mangifera indica ‘Zill’, methods of investigation and statistics were applied to analyze the relationship between the first autumn flush, second autumn flush and quality of bearing shoots and the flowering rate of terminal shoots and panicle size. The result of the study indicated that the diameter and the leave area of the first autumn flush had remarkable effects on the diameter and the leave area of the second autumn flush respectively. The leave number and the leave area of second autumn flush increased as the diameter and the length of the second autumn flush increased. There was negative relationship between the flowering rate of terminal shoots and the diameter of bearing shoots. The flowering rate of terminal shoots decreased as the diameter of the bearing shoot increased. A result of 80%-85% of flowering rate for terminal shoots was obtained when the diameters of bearing shoots were about 0.48-0.51 cm. The volume of the panicle was most close to the diameter of bearing shoots and markedly correlated to the length, the leave number and the leave area of bearing shoots.

  The Grey Comprehensive Evaluation on Climatic Suitability of New Planting Areas of Dongzao Jujube 2011, 27 (8):  208-211.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 520542KB )   ( 1072 ) The objective of this study is to establish an applicable synthetical evaluation method on climatic suitability of new planting areas of Dongzao jujube, and provide theoretical for expand of planting areas and divisions of ecology and production. Based on building climatic ecological field of Dongzao ideal site, climatic suitability of new planting areas of Dongzao jujube in Shanxi province and original production areas (Zhanhua county of Shandong province and Huanghua county of Hebei province) was evaluated comprehensively by grey system theory. The results showed that: the climate of low-hills along the bank of yellow river of south Shanxi province for planting Dongzao jujube was the best in the experiment, followed by Yuncheng basin and Linfen basin, but the climate of Jinzhong basin and Xinzhou basin were not favorable, but climatic suitability of original production areas of Dongzao- Zhanhua county of Shandong province and Huanghua county of Hebei province was the best. The results were identical to practice of production. The areas along the bank of yellow river of south Shanxi province and Yuncheng basin and Linfen basin were good for popularizing and planting for Dongzao. The Jinzhong basin and Xinzhou basin was not suitable for planting Dongzao. The application results that using grey system theory in the evaluating climatic suitability of new planting areas of Dongzao is simple, practical and reliable.

  Solving successive cropping problems with the application of warm cast substrates in watermelon cultivation 2011, 27 (8):  212-216.  Abstract + ( 1388 )   PDF ( 644845KB )   ( 1133 ) In this study, different substrates made of worm casts were used for both plug and pot cultivation of watermelon seedlings. The growth index of seedlings after transplanting were determined, in order to study the effects of worm cast substrates on relieving the growth obstacles caused by successive cropping of watermelon. The melon variety used was ‘Zao chun hong yu’. The results showed that the height and thickness of the seedlings, as well as the numbers of leaves and healthy of the melon seedling treated with complex worm cast substrate were higher than those of non-treated ones. In the later stage of transplanting, when cultivated in two types of worm cast substrates, the seedling had death rates of 27.5% and 22.5% respectively. The longest melon vines were 162.1 and 171.8 m, and the thicknesses of melon skin were 4.63 and 4.83 meters. Higher sugar content was detected for the melons. The sugar contents of the melons cultivated using 70% and 90% worm cast substrates were 13.5% and 12.9% respectively. The above index was significantly better than those cultivated in other substrates.

  Promotive Effects of Muskmelon Survival on Fusarium Wilt 2011, 27 (8):  217-221.  Abstract + ( 1750 )   PDF ( 599945KB )   ( 979 ) To explore the allelopathy of muskmelon decaying substances and continuous cropping on muskmelon, this paper studied the effect of decaying substances on Fusarium oxysporum mycelia growth and spore emergence of continuous cropping of muskmelon on Fusarium wilt through pot experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that the much higher muskmelon wilt disease incidented, the more significantly the diseased survival inhibited growth of the next decaying stubble. Compared with CK, quantity of spores of healthy plants, mild diseased plants and severe diseased plants increased 29.98%, 53.44% and 48.51%, respectively. Spore emergence ratio increased 15.82%-37.86%. The resistance of muskmelon was reduced by its root’s decaying substances. After inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum, disease of Fusarium wilt aggravated and the growth of muskmelon declined with the content of decaying substances increasing. 100% muskmelons continuous cropping decreased shoot weight 179.23%, root weight 249.16% respectively, while ratio of diseased plants increased 77.27%. 20 wild isolates and 20 REMI mutants of Trichoderma obtained by screening of method of fungi growth，could be degraded muskmelon survival, alleviated its autotoxicity, and reduced Fusarium wilt of muskmelon.

  Eeffect of Different chemicals on Dormancy Release of Muscat Hamburg Grape 2011, 27 (8):  222-225.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 721808KB )   ( 1267 ) Vitis vinifera ‘Muscat Hamburg’ was used in this experiment to do break dormancy experiment with different chemicals, investigating the effect of breaking dormancy and the changes of the resistant materials during dormancy by using exogenous growth regulators such as cyanamide. The results showed that cyanamide (2.5%) could break dormancy steadily, sprout around ahead of 15 d, raise germination uniformity and rate, significantly improve the SOD, POD activity and inhibition the CAT activity, and have no significant effect on the content of MDA; GA3 (200 mg/L) was largely ineffective or even inhibit in breaking dormancy while significantly promote the formation of shoot buds. The germination rate was lower than the control after treatments; 6-BA (150 mg/L) had a certain effect on breaking dormancy, but had little effect on the germination rate.

  Preliminary Study on Effects of Coverage by Bast Fiber Mulching Film on Strawberry in the Greenhouse 2011, 27 (8):  226-229.  Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 478302KB )   ( 892 ) In order to be clear about the influence characteristic of the bast fiber mulching film covering crop in greenhouse, the comparison test of the strawberries covered by different films both in greenhouse and open field was carried out. The research results showed that bast fiber mulching films in the greenhouse increased the soil temperature greatly and enhance the water retaining capacity largely, which were better than that on the field. Comparing with covering on the field, blossom and bear fruit in the greenhouse were earlier, the yields increasing were more significant as well. The interaction between different cultivating circumstance and different covering was significant (P<0.01). Bast fiber mulching film in the greenhouse boosted the strawberry yields, and there was 12.8% more than that without covering, and 1.73% more than that covered with PE film. The yields increasing rate of bast fiber mulching film comparing to without covering in the greenhouse was 4.3% more than that on the field.

  Effects of Storage Temperatures and Chitosan Coating with Extraction from Ginger and Garlic on Postharvest Physiology of Pepper 2011, 27 (8):  230-233.  Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 686780KB )   ( 893 ) The effect of storage temperature and chitosan coating of extraction from ginger and garlic was studied on capsicum postharvest physiology. The results showed low temperature could significantly slow weigh loss and after-ripening, and inhibit the decrease of chlorophyll, TSS, Vc, total sugar in pepper fruit. Both of chitosan coating and chitosan coating with extraction from ginger and garlic had the similar effects on capsicum postharvest physiology with low temperature, and the latter were better. Compared with coating, the effect of low temperature were more significant. Of course, using of chitosan coating with extraction from ginger and garlic under low temperature would have the best effect on pepper preservation. The second was chitosan coating under low temperature.

  Investigation and Landscape Utilization of the Plants in Big Greenhouse of Kunming Expo-Garden 2011, 27 (8):  234-244.  Abstract + ( 1409 )   PDF ( 649997KB )   ( 988 ) Kunming international horticultural exposition closing ten years, the plant growth situation investigation in Kunming Expo-garden greenhouse for the first time. It proved that total of 344 species of plants in the greenhouse, belonging to 90 families, 190 genera. Done a comparative analysis with the original plant list, the plants list in urban landscape and indoor greening was proposed, belonging to 52 families, 101 genera and 145 species. Combined with local conditions and put forward the reasonable suggestion that development and utilization of these plant resources. And the aromatic property of plants was strongly recommended.

  Chengde village investment environment planning and design 2011, 27 (8):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1195 )   PDF ( 1170560KB )   ( 1281 ) Based on the analysis of Chengde village tourism scenic spots, from the current conditions of functions, planting, entertainment etc, it presented us an overall plan of scenic spots in Chengde tourism village. Through the analysis and practice of the village of tourism planning in Chengde village, put forward how to build an idea of modern rural ecological tourism which integrated with natural appearance, ecological protection ,science education and entertainment, it aims to highlight the ideas of a field of cultural and ecological concept in the plan of modern agricultural ecology sightseeing tourism. Also a method was proposed that the planning and design of agricultural sightseeing garden should based on ecological benefit and protection of ecological environment,rational development of tourism project and economic benefit. So as to realize a harmony in the agricultural sightseeing garden of ecology, landscape and cultural such functions.

  Investigate Landscape Plants of Tang Daming PalaceFrom the poetries 2011, 27 (8):  250-253.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 580094KB )   ( 1055 ) The planning and construction of the Daming Palace ruins park, which made Daming Palace the focus of public and academic community. This research project provided suggestions on tree species selection of the ruins park, and provided a research idea or method to landscape design of the national ruins park in the future. Based on the historical documents collection and classification, mainly studied on the poetries of the Tang Dynasty, then summarized the poetries related to the Daming Palace’s landscape by analyzing, speculating and researching. The garden plant species of the Tang Daming Palace were presumed, and the landscape characteristics of the garden were summarized.

  Ridge Tillage on Soil Aggregates Microbial Biomass N and Urease Activity 2011, 27 (8):  254-258.  Abstract + ( 1691 )   PDF ( 670280KB )   ( 871 ) This article sub-elected seven sizes of soil aggregate under ridge tillage, conventional tillage and winter paddy field. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen and urease activity of soil aggregates were measured under the three tillage practices. The author tried to find the soil aggregates and soil urease activity of the relationship between tillage or soil aggregates in the urease activity and microbial biomass N correlation. The results showed that: the distribution of microbial biomass was mainly affected by soil structure, and not significant by tillages. The effect of different tillage methods on soil aggregates in the urease activity were obvious; urease activity and microbial biomass were not significantly correlated, indicating that the main source of urease in purple paddy soil might not be microorganisms.

  Research Progress on Effects of Agricultural Practices on Soil Carbon Content 2011, 27 (8):  259-264.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 544732KB )   ( 1024 ) Emissions of greenhouse gas caused a series of environmental problems such as climate change, that’s a potential threat to human living environment, and how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become a hot issue. A large number of studies showed that farmland had great potential for carbon sequestration, how to use reasonable measures to make agricultural land as an effective carbon sink became the focus of agricultural ecology. In this paper, recent researches about effects on soil organic carbon sequestration produced by agricultural practices such as tillage methods, fertilization and planting system were overviewed. the current status of research of agricultural soil carbon sequestration were summarized, the influence of different agricultural practices on soil carbon sequestration and its mechanism were analyzed, and problems in current researches were also analyzed, the target that need to be strengthened and deepened in the future research were summed up and suggested, with a view to provide some help for the future research and agricultural carbon sequestration.

  Effects of Conservation Tillage on Characteristics of Soil 2011, 27 (8):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 526601KB )   ( 1078 ) Conservation tillage is benefit for us to protect soil and water resources, conserve and increase their production potential and prevent degradation. It is significant in China due to the declining of cultivated land, the decreasing of soil fertility, and the expanding of soil erosion. Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical and biological property, fertility, moisture and temperature are analyzed. The roles of conservation tillage on water erosion and wind erosion control are also expressed. Study and application status and prospects of conservation tillage in China are summarized at last.

  Analysis on Change of Cultivated Land in the Urbanization Process of Changchun 2011, 27 (8):  269-273.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 619518KB )   ( 877 ) In order to provide effective decision-making reference in rational land use and land protection for the departments, this paper classified, summarized and processed the cultivated land data of Changchun based on the statistics, and then analyzed the study subject quantitatively. The results showed that: from 2002 to 2008, the cultivated land of Changchun showed fluctuant growth trend overall; the change of cultivated land was active, and the flow rate was about 2 times the outflow rate; woodland and grassland were the main flow direction of the cultivated land, the newly reclaimed land was its main source. From the spatial distribution, there were significant differences in the cultivated land variation among regions. The development of society and economy had important influence on the cultivated land, and local policies and regulations were one of the key factors to guide the rational land use. This study concluded that the relevant statistics could reflect the land use conditions of local administrative area accurately and effectively.

  Study on Drought Evaluation Model of Winter Wheat Based on Crop Water Production Function 2011, 27 (8):  274-279.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 695426KB )   ( 1217 ) Drought is one of the main hazards for affecting winter wheat production in North China. In order to assess the drought impact on wheat yields quantificationally, the evaluation model was set up based on crop water production function. According to the observed wheat growth and development and meteorological data from three agrometeorological stations, i.e., Nangong, Hejian and Bazhou, selected in Hebei province during 1991 to 2007, and Penman-monteith equation for evapotranspiration, FAO method of crop production potential for wheat light-temperature production potential and Jensan model, the impacts assessment model of drought on wheat yield was constructed. The results showed that water sensitive coefficient was close related to irrigation times during the whole growth season of winter wheat. For that wheat was usually irrigated three times in the station of Nangong and Hejian, water sensitivity stage in farming condition was similar to the former research result, which had a variation tendency of small values in earlier and later stages, and large in medium. Also a statistically significant relationship (0.01) existed between estimated and predicted results from drought evaluation model and actual yield output during the whole growth period. The drought evaluation results from drought evaluation model were in accordance with actual results during seeding to elongation, seeding to earing, seeding to grain-filling and seeding to maturity. Another station Bazhou where winter wheat was irrigated five times in the growing season, the results showed that drought stress was not obvious, positive water sensitive coefficient only existed during the period from earing to grain-filling, it was not sensitive to water deficit in other growth stages.

  Soil Moisture Prediction Based on Artificial Neural Network Model 2011, 27 (8):  280-283.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 633063KB )   ( 999 ) Soil water content is an important factor affecting crop growth, and the accurate prediction of water resources is an important guiding on their reasonable utilization and management. An artificial neural network model was established, with rainfall, evaporation, relative humidity and groundwater table as the input factors, and soil moisture as the output factors and its prediction accuracy was evaluated in this paper. The results showed that the maximum error of predicting soil moisture for BP neural network model was 8.66%, average error was 4.27%, and prediction accuracy of 0.989. BP neural network model had higher prediction accuracy for the prediction of soil moisture. The results can be used for the allocation of irrigation water resources.

  Progress of Groundwater Nitrate Pollution and Its Treatment in European and American 2011, 27 (8):  284-290.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 630538KB )   ( 1564 ) In view of the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water nitrate in China is grave, how to control it is very important. In order to use the experience of developed countries for reference, on the basis of searching a lot of foreign information, making use of documents compare method，the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water and its preventive measures and control methods were described in this article. There are indications that the nitrate pollution in ground water in European and American is general, laws and regulations are overall and preventive measures before pollution is very important. Nitrate remediation was suited measures to local conditions. Treatment methods commonly available to small areas to reduce nitrate levels, including anion exchange, reverse osmosis and bio-denitrification etc. The stimulation of in situ denitrification in aquifers is another approach to nitrate remediation that has been implemented, particularly in Europe. A second approach to in situ denitrification is the use of permeable reactive subsurface barriers amended with organic carbon solids.

  The study of Technologies used in Ecological Construction on River 2011, 27 (8):  291-295.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 615929KB )   ( 1223 ) With the intensification of river pollution,the ecological construction on river has drawn increasing attention,and it appears as a new topic that how to combine current various technical measures to build the perfect river ecosystem. On the basis of discussing the development process of ecological construction on river, the author analyses main technical measures currently used in ecological construction on river，puts forward the necessity of the construction.And this article points out the basis that the construction should ensure flood safety, synthesizes various technical measures to govern the polluted river,first choose flexible revetment materials to replace concrete materials to restore the ecological cycle between water, soil and biology.

  Documentation Concordance and Share in the National Tea Germplasm Resources in Menghai 2011, 27 (8):  296-301.  Abstract + ( 1437 )   PDF ( 593518KB )   ( 1563 ) The national tea germplasm resource in Menghai is the important base of Daye tea in China, now it was collected and saved of 1199 tea resources and 28 tea species. For sharing of the tea germplasm resources, we first time to sort out the 830tea germplasm resources by using Access database software, had submitted the generic description of 631 tea resources and characteristic description of 300 tea resources for e-platform, had a direct link with the national e-platform for natural scientific and technological resources, and the tea germplasm database was established in Yunnan. To lay the foundation for the management of tea germplasm resources that standardization、digitize and information. Based on the status of tea germplam resources conservation and utilization, the framework of tea resources sharing and utilization was presented. Many problems and suggestion about tea germplasm resources in the process of conservation, documentation concordance and sharing was pointed out: conservation areas were separated and system was not completed, the main traits assessment and identification researching work has not completely accomplished and sharing was inefficiency.

  Characteristic of Climate Change in Fujian Province 2011, 27 (8):  302-309.  Abstract + ( 1360 )   PDF ( 1168400KB )   ( 985 ) Eight stations were selected to analyze the Characteristics of the climate change in Fujian province, according to the availability of climate data, and then the characteristics of climate change trend for the last 40 years were analyzed, the study provide theoretic basis to establish adaptable measure of agricultural development. The results showed that the temperature of Fujian province showed an increasing trend, especially the temperature increased significantly in winter, the minimum temperature which the increasing rate was 0.15℃/10a. The precipitation of Fujian considerably fluctuated and significantly increased since 1990’s, the precipitation which the increasing rate was 53.39 mm/10a, the increasing trend of precipitation in Southeast Coastal Area was higher than that in other area. The regional thermal index of Fujian province showed an increasing trend, and the regional moisture index increased since 1990’s. Overall, the climate tends to warmer and wetter in Fujian province, but the climate change trend is less obvious.

  Climatic Change and Response of Main Agrometeorological Disaster in Benxi Mountainous Area 2011, 27 (8):  310-316.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 864240KB )   ( 917 ) Based on the temperature, precipitation and the main agrometeorological disaster data from 1953 to 2008 in Benxi, according to the principle of agrometeorology and index of agrometeorological disaster, the meteorological elements were combined, statisticed and analyzed. The variability features were studied by applying the method of climate tendency rate and Mann-kendall. The result that the temperature changes presented increasing trend. Precipitation changes showed a decreasing trend. The tendency ratio of annual mean temperature was 0.29℃/10a, The tendency ratio was biggest for 0.61℃/10a in winter. The tendency ratio of annual precipitation was -26.11 mm/10a, precipitation tendency ratio was 2.88 mm/10a in spring, while it was decreasing in other seasons, and the tendency ratio of rainstorm was decreasing, but the disaster loses increases the tendency. The flooding frequency reduced, the arid frequency increased. Through studies to the climatic change and the main meteorological disaster, for the reasonable development climatic resource, the adjustment industrial structure provided the science the meteorological basis.

  Investigation and assessment of heavy metal pollution from various vertical heights in water flooding fluctuation zone of Three Gorges reservoir areas. 2011, 27 (8):  317-322.  Abstract + ( 1376 )   PDF ( 701047KB )   ( 987 ) In order to reveal situation of heavy metal pollution from various vertical heights in water flooding fluctuation zone of Three Gorges reservoir areas, soil samples investigated from various vertical heights including 145-155,155-165 and 165-175 m in water flooding fluctuation zone of Three Gorges reservoir areas were analyzed, which indicated that soil heavy metal pollutions mainly were caused by arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in comparison with mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) pollution due to relatively lower contents in soils. In addition, based on spatial distribution, the heavy metal contents showed a decreasing trend from Changshou to Badong, in which from up to down stream. Furthermore, the comprehensive assessment suggested that in nine investigated areas in water flooding fluctuation zone of Three Gorge reservoir, except for heavy metal contents in all three heights exceeded background values in Fulin, which belonged to slight pollution, all rest of counties were under alarming line, and no soil pollution were observed. Overall, soil heavy metal contamination in flooding areas were observed in Changshou and Fuling, thus the controlling pollution sources was an effective method to prevent increasing soil heavy metal pollution significantly in these areas.

  Distribution Research of Heavy Metal in the Corn Plants 2011, 27 (8):  323-327.  Abstract + ( 1673 )   PDF ( 609820KB )   ( 969 ) By ICP plasma method, heavy metal on soil and different organs of corn plants by Fe-Mn nodules were analyzed in Litang karst area, as well enrichment coefficient and correlation with heavy metal of soil. The study showed that: (1) content of As, Cd, Cr in soil had produced pollution; (2) content of As, Cd, Cr was lower, while content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn was higher in different organs of corn; total enrichment of heavy metal was highest in leaf, while that were lower in stem and seed; heavy metal were the highest in different organs of corn plants, Cd, Cr in roots, Pb in stem, As, Cu, Zn, Mn in leaf, while were the lowest as follows, Zn, Mn in stem, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb in seed; average enrichment coefficient of heavy metal was generally low in corn plants, its value was less than 1.000. (3) Mn, Cr of roots were significant positive correlation with the same elements in the soil, as well Mn in stem, while Cd, Pb in stem were significant negative correlation with the same elements in the soil, as well Pb in leaf, heavy metal of corn seeds were no significant positive correlation with the same elements in the soil and correlation were lower. Analysis of heavy metals provided direction to local farming, growing corn was priority choice.

  Comparison Study of Biomass Pellet and Pellet Feed 2011, 27 (8):  328-333.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 631054KB )   ( 1483 ) There are plenty resources of crop straw in China. The paper had a comparative study on the performance, usage, raw material and technological process of the biomass pellet and pellet feed for transformation usage of energy and feed with remaining straw. The results showed that: because of the differences between the material component and process route and working conditions of the biomass pellet and pellet feed, the abrasion of molding equipment was distinct. The process route of biomass pellet was shorter, and conditions were more complicated, so the key parts were unable to achieve the designed life, and led to maintenance costs increasing. In order to reduce the design life of biomass pellet molding equipment, the construction and components can be optimized consulting the molding principle of pellet feed loop molding machine. Therefore, the pellet feed molding equipment can not be used directly for processing biomass pellet, and people need to optimize the equipment. It was suggested that grading the straw was to adapt the different usages about feed and fuel.

  Isolation of Lignin Degraded Thermophilic Geobacillus Caldoxylosilyticus Strain J16 and Characteristics of Its Enzymes and Fermentation 2011, 27 (8):  334-339.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 1193916KB )   ( 1180 ) The thermophilic Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus strain J16 was isolated after screening many microorganisms. Its factors was thermophilic，but could not degrade cellulose. It was significance for paper industry and renewable energy industry. The factors were studied, which effected on lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. The strain could grow very well at 65℃ and pH4.0. When fermented with the agriculture wastes about soybean stem, maize stem, rape stem, sawdust, wheat stem and sesame stem, it could efficiently degrade lignin up to 7.5%, but not degrade cellulose. All of above showed that it was significant for paper industry and renewable energy industry. All the data showed that this strain could be applied to agriculture wastes and Sewage, and it was very important for environmental protection.

  Research of Application on Fuel Material with Different Formula of Compressed Straw Stalk and Coal during Flue-curing Process 2011, 27 (8):  340-344.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 746528KB )   ( 957 ) This paper studied the matching degree to technology, fuel burning situation, consumption & cost of fuel material and economical traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves, with different formula of compressed straw stalk and coal during flue-curing process in bulk-curing barns, by contrast with pure tobacco straw stalk and coal. And the feasibility of flue-curing tobacco with different formula of compressed straw stalk and coal was demonstrated. Also, the authors got the formula composed by 80% compressed straw stalk and 20% coal which could be a substitute of the pure coal during flue-curing process. In the end, the great significance of this topic was analyzed.

  Discussions on Long-term and Mid-term Technological Needs and Research Direction of ‘12?5’ Item on Cotton Industry in Anhui Province 2011, 27 (8):  345-350.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 656434KB )   ( 892 ) This study summarized cotton industry is faced with several disadvantages that competitiveness decreased immensely, and analyzes the impact of bottleneck problem on cotton industry, and then proposes long-term and mid-term technological needs of ‘12?5’ item, which includes a set of ideas from basic of application, technology of application, products and variety, standards of technology, and system integration to extension and application. It also discusses twelve research directions and goals in four fields that consists of variety technology and breeding, cultivation technique and input, plant protection and input, monitoring and early warning information platform, etc.

  Main Restrictive Factors and Countermeasures of Rice Industry in China 2011, 27 (8):  351-354.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 511268KB )   ( 1632 ) The situations of new Chinese rice breeding progress and production history were reviewed briefly in the paper. Though Chinese rice breeding has reached advanced levels in the world for years, and great achievements have been made in rice production, there are some restrictive factors to be studied and solved conscientiously. The restrictive factors including the shortage of agricultural resources, the lack of dominant varieties, the low level of mechanization, etc. were analyzed, some appropriate countermeasures such as scientific utilization of agricultural resources, optimization of varieties and regional distribution, promotion of mechanization and so on were put forward, and the way of future development was also pointed out to promote more healthy and orderly rice industry development.

  The Change of ≥10℃ Terminal Day and the First Frost Date in Xinjiang Cotton-growing Area and Affect of Cotton Growth in reent 49 yearsin Xinjiang Cotton-growing Area 2011, 27 (8):  355-361.  Abstract + ( 1673 )   PDF ( 750693KB )   ( 864 ) The article was based on data about the mean daily and minimum temperatures of Xinjiang cotton-growing area of 22 stations from 1961 to 2009. The article analyzed not only the change characteristic of ≥10℃ terminal day and the first frost date, but also the effect of cotton growth. The results showed that the latest ≥10℃ terminal day and the first frost date were Turpan regions, followed by cotton-growing areas in southern Xinjiang, delayed from west to east in the Tarim Basin, and cotton-growing areas in northern Xinjiang and Hami was the first. During the 49 years, the change in trend of ≥10℃ terminal day was later in Yili and Shihezi cotton-growing areas, but there was not a clear trend in the rest of the cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang. The change in trend of first frost was later in northern Xinjiang, there was not a clear trend in the rest of the cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang. There was significant linear correlation between ≥10℃ terminal day and the first frost in the most of cotton-growing areas. The most stable ≥10℃ terminal day was Turpan regions, followed by cotton-growing areas in southern Xinjiang. Motion the range cotton-growing areas in northern Xinjiang were biggest. The change in trend of first frost period in Eastern regions was smaller than in Northern regions and southern Xinjiang cotton-growing areas. The change in trend of first frost period in Eastern regions, in Northern regions and southern Xinjiang cotton-growing areas were bigger than ≥10℃ terminal day. Particularly, Tarim Basin south-eastern cotton-growing regions were the most obvious. most of the cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang 90 years and from 2001 to 2009，the change in trend of ≥10℃ terminal day, only a small part of the site as early as year-round, the rest were later than the year-round. Especially the northern cotton region, Turpan cotton region and western Tarim Basin cotton region late more. Most of Xinjiang early frost delay trend was clearly cotton, and most of the cotton area from 2001 to 2009 the average first frost was last of the era. These were beneficial for the later growth of cotton, mainly as heat and more favorable conditions for cotton growth later reduced the risk of frost encountered before frost high yield, good quality. And ≥10℃ terminal day and the first frost date change to a large extent affected the cultivation of cotton boundaries extend north and west Xinjiang cotton area in recent years. Therefore, the production and the cotton could the local accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and select the appropriate state change first frost of cotton varieties, easy to achieve high yield and efficiency of cotton production.

  Refined Climate Regionalization of Camellia in Hunan Based on GIS 2011, 27 (8):  362-365.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 2314290KB )   ( 925 ) Camellia is one of the important economic crops in Hunan. Considering the meteorological condition for camellia growth, the annual mean temperature, annual sunshine duration and precipitation of full-bloom stage were used as climate regionalization factor of camellia. Different meteorological factors were interpolated on a 500 m×500 m grid with different mathematic statistic method. Technique of grade division was used on the interpolated small grid data to finish refined climate regionalization for Hunan camellia. The results showed that except for part of Dongting Lake, climate condition in most of Hunan was suitable for planting camellia. Along with increasing temperature in Hunan recently, the area which was suitable for planting camellia would extend and had a big potential.

  The Relationship between Land Use Change and Regional Social and Economic Development in High-altitude Mountainous Areas of Northwest Yunnan Province: A Case Study in Ninglang Yi Autonomous County 2011, 27 (8):  366-373.  Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 807759KB )   ( 730 ) Land use and socio-economic development are closely linked. Even the poor high and cold mountainous in the northwest Yunnan province, with limited population and vast land, and its economic and social development still needs to rely on exploration and utilization of land resource as security. The author took a typical county in high-altitude mountainous areas of northwest Yunnan province-Ninglang Yi autonomous county for example, using the data of land change survey in the county in 1996-2008, from the quantitative point of view, to analyze the relationship and characteristics between land use change and regional social and economic development. The author fitted to cultivated land, garden and building land area change and socio-economic development, derived the optimal equation of linear regression. According to the research and analysis, the author concluded that Ninglang land use change was mainly driven by three major factors: population, economic development and national and local policy. This will help us to handle the relationship between the land resource management and economic development in high and cold mountainous northwest Yunnan province correctly, so it can offer some correct suggestions for the scientific development of local social economy.

  The Study on Optimizing the Structure and Distribution of the Construction Land in Urban and Rural Areas -Gaocheng, Hebei Province as an Example 2011, 27 (8):  374-378.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 550980KB )   ( 847 ) Optimizing the structure and the distribution of the construction land in urban and rural areas is one of the important tasks of balancing urban and rural development, building harmonious society in China. The purpose of doing this research is to put right deviations and correct the errors which arise in our ideology in guiding urban and rural development and improve our outlook on balancing and coordinating development. This essay aims at giving suggestions to the local government on how to optimize the structure of using the urban and rural land in the city of Gaocheng through analyzing the status quo and the exiting problems in terms of amounts, distribution, and proportion. The research leads to the conclusion that small scale, relatively low level of land use, too much use of the present land, low urbanization level, and a lack of industrial competitiveness are some of the problems which hinder the optimization of the structure and the distribution of the construction land in urban and rural areas. The author suggested that a scientific overall planning for land use, the establishment of evaluation systems of the land, deep reforms, proper land management were some effective measures to optimize the structure and the distribution of the construction land in the city of Gaocheng.

  Research on SWOT Analysis and Countermeasures of Agricultural Development in Boli County of Heilongjiang Province 2011, 27 (8):  379-384.  Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 641480KB )   ( 1001 ) Agricultural development meted the huge pressure of resource and environment in Boli County of Heilongjiang Province. So after the present situation of agricultural development were surveyed and mastered in 11 villages and towns of Boli county its opportunities, challenges, advantages and disadvantages were analyzed in SWOT method，and the countermeasures of agricultural development of Boli county were proposed on green and special agriculture development; strengthening the construction of agricultural basic facilities, innovation of agricultural science and technology and the construction of rural cadre team; developing the rural cooperative economic organizations; carrying out and implementing the various rural policies of the Chinese Communist Party.

  Arable Land Changes and Direct Affected Factors from 1996 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province Based on Land Survey Results 2011, 27 (8):  385-388.  Abstract + ( 1506 )   PDF ( 610833KB )   ( 889 ) In order to study the cropland changes and its affected factors in a decade more directly, completely and accurately in Zhejiang province, land survey results of last ten years were used to detect the amount of cropland changes and its direct affected factors. The study presented cropland decreased 20.8×104 hm2, 9.8% from 1996 to 2006 in Zhejiang province. Cropland changes had been directly affected by the terrain slope, one of physical affected factors. The cropland decreased faster in flat terrain and steep slope than in gentle slope. Terraced fields increased in gentle slope. Among social affected factors, adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, expansion of the construction land and ecology shifting from agricultural use directly caused the arable land to decrease; strict cropland protection regimes slowed down the trend of arable land decreasing. All in all, the trend of cropland decreasing was inevitable. For social and economic development, cropland protection were all ensured, the more scientific total plan of land use and more strict cropland protection regimes should be made full use.

  The Preliminary Discussion on Construction of Standard System of Eco-Agricultural Model 2011, 27 (8):  389-394.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 556948KB )   ( 1058 ) This report started with the analysis on conception and classification of eco-agricultural model in order to carry out further the standardization work of eco-agricultural, and make full use of eco-agricultural models. The author pointed some common grounds in different definitions, and the applicability of every methods of classification. The author also brought forward the principle of construction on standard system, which should follow the idea of sustainable development, convenient for the application of the models, nailed down the relation of every part of the models. The author constructed a four-layer standard system which consisted the classification layer, the module layer, the key technology layer and the standard layer. And the main content of this system was the matching technological standard. The author also took sweet corn-bean intercropping as an example which was the typical intercropping model of Guangdong province, explaining the detailed process of standard system construction and establishing the main content of this model.

  A preliminary Study on carbon market mechanisms for the development of low-carbon agriculture 2011, 27 (8):  395-401.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 602630KB )   ( 1021 ) Comprehensive analysis of the causes, mechanisms, systems and standards of the international carbon markets, as well as updates in domestic carbon market, is studied in the paper. The international carbon market is viewed composed of international compensation mechanism for carbon, carbon emissions trading system as well as the trading platform, which is a brand new set of market mechanisms created by developed countries for low-cost emission reductions in face of global warming. Standards for carbon offset projects that relative to low-carbon agriculture are viewed to be abundant in the international carbon market, being increasingly mature, which, if well utilized, will play an important role in promoting the development of carbon sequestration industry and the technological advancement in low-carbon emissions agriculture in or country. It’s also deemed in this paper that, In the context of economic globalization and socialist market economic system, to give full play to market mechanism, to follow the international standards for carbon offset projects and make good use of both international and domestic carbon markets is the most effective way for China to develop low-carbon agriculture by taking good advantage of both foreign and domestic social capital, and to implement its development strategies of industry nurturing agriculture and integration of urban and rural areas. Key Words: low-carbon agriculture;carbon dioxide;The Koyoto Protocol; carbon market; standards for carbon offset projects.

  the Loss of Agricultural Social Service System in Wenchuan Earthquak and the Countermeasure of Recovering and Development 2011, 27 (8):  402-406.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 561333KB )   ( 841 ) In "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake ，the agricultural social service system has suffered a great loss, a serious impediment to the demonstration ，transformation and proliferation of the agricultural scientific and technological achievements .Taking Sichuan Province for example, this paper analyzed pre-disaster overview and post-disaster losses of the agricultural social service system and, proposed the stage objectives and the basic ideas of restoration development, described mainly the application of transformation model of agricultural science and technology achivement,such as the “expert + Project + farmers”, “expert + association + farmers”,“sci-tech special commissioners ”,“agricultural science and technology Park”, “expert service team” and “expert courtyard”.

  Analysis on Farmer’s Cognitions and Participation Behaviors of the Rural Land Rights Determination-A Case of Qionglai County 2011, 27 (8):  407-410.  Abstract + ( 1472 )   PDF ( 553406KB )   ( 1047 ) In order to analyze the cognition of land rights determination related to farmers and the indicators impacting their participation behaviors, the author firstly using the data from survey sponsored by the local government, summarized household’s cognition features about the rural land rights determination. Then, the author structured logistic model to analyze what characters influence farmer’s participation in rural land rights determination. Results showed that household’s operation conception changed sharply, and operation channel enriched a lot; the important factors affecting participation behaviors of rights determination were proportion of farm income and land function, and the following factors were the land area and land transfer behavior. This paper concluded that the law and the operational rights were both consolidated; the main factor influencing participation behaviors was the life significance of land to farmers.

  Study on the Farmland Transfer Behavior of Rural Household Based on the Structural Holes Theory 2011, 27 (8):  411-414.  Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 479409KB )   ( 995 ) Farmland transfer is currently a hot issue of universal concern, the choice of farmers’ land transfer behavior is the basis of farmland transfer smoothly. The research on existing farmers’ farmland transfer behavior almost ignore the influence of farmers’ social network structure on its behaviors. Based on the structural holes theory, the author analyzed the farmers’ social network structure in the circulation of the role. That should change the traditional concept about the farmland transfer voluntarily, respect transfer willingness, and establish an effective circulation of farmland transfer intermediary organizations in order to protect the farmers’ land transfer income, and then promote the large-scale and specialized operations of farmland.

  An Empirical Study of the Impact on Financial Agriculture Investment to Jiangxi Farmers' Income 2011, 27 (8):  415-419.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 549464KB )   ( 876 ) In order to search policy supporting for solving the problems of peasant, rural areas and agriculture, applying unit root stationary test and co integration and theory, This paper studied the relationship of fiscal expenditures on agriculture and per capital net income of rural households (PCNIRH) of Jiangxi farmers The results showed that fiscal expenditures on agriculture was the PCNIRH of Jiangxi farmers Grainger cause. We should make the fiscal expenditures for agriculture growing stably, which would help farmers increase income. The study of the financial expenditure on agriculture sub-project showed that the cost of supporting rural production can promote the farmers income, it should strengthen the financial expenditure of funds on agriculture use and management strive to make limited funds play the greatest benefits.

  Effects of peasants’ household income on the structure of energy consumption: a case study in Men Tougou district of Beijing 2011, 27 (8):  420-426.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 1089306KB )   ( 732 ) With the purpose of improve the habitation of the rural residents and prove up the relation between the economic income and energy consumption structure of peasant, the data about the household incomes and energy consumptions of peasants in Mentougou district of Beijing were collected. The objective of this research was to determine how the household incomes influence daily energy consumptions using regression and others statistical methods. The results showed that with the increase of household income, the total household energy comsumption elevated linearly. The total energy consumption increased 80.42 kgce with every increasing household income of 1,000 yuan.. Non-renewable energy such as coal, liquid gas and electricity etc. increased significantly while the renewable energy such as traditional biomass decreased with the increasing household per capita income. Furthermore, levels of household per capita income influenced the ratio of clean energy to non-clean energy. The proportion of non-clean energy such as coal and traditional biomass declined with increasing household per capita income. However, the ratio of clean energy comsumption such as liquid gas and electricity increased at the same time. This result indicated that the increasing per capita income probably allowed people to pay more attention to health and technologies of making energy cleaner need to be studied.

  The evolution and governance of laborer group events 2011, 27 (8):  432-437.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 609646KB )   ( 1905 ) Dynamic evolution model is one of important ways to analyze and understand essential reasons of the laborer group event. Academic literature about laborers' group events at home and abroad was reviewed; statistical analysis approach on typical laborer group events during 2005-2009 in China, and synthetical methods of internet investigation and literature research was used. The basic principles, models of the dynamic evolution of group events, and key factors influencing treatment were comprehensively analyzed, from the standpoint of the basic characteristics of laborers' group events, incentives, evolutionary processes and governing measures. Analysis shows that evolution of group events has an obvious rule, and rises from multiple factors, as a typical complex system. In this system, it includes Governments, businesses and laborers as the core of the dominant factor, and another two important factors, that is, group psychology of accumulation and dissemination of information. Continued accumulation of crowd psychology is triggered is inside drive, and dissemination of information is outside drive, which has also become the laborer groups direct drive resulting in the event occurred. Evolution of group events is shown as a dynamic process that group psychology driven by Group event information is gradually transferred into behavior. Besides, the author puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of the government decentralization, early warning mechanism, social public opinions' mechanism, lawsuit mechanism of interests, and social distribution mechanism.

  Study on the Migrant Workers’ Social Network and their Choice of the Dwelling Patterns 2011, 27 (8):  438-441.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 495066KB )   ( 903 ) The previous researches about migrant workers’ dwelling patterns are all based on quantitative and statistical study, in which the migrant worker are considers the unified and abstract concept without history. This kind of research ignored the migrant workers practice process in the cities, including work, accommodation and social life. Besides, the migrant workers’ social network, which is important in migrant workers’ world, was also ignored in the previous research. This paper, under the perspective of social network, aims at transforming the abstract research to specific research, which is “the migrant workers study facing work practice” based on analysis of practice process. In this approach, we restore the individual features of the migrant worker back and put their work process in the center of the analysis. With the strategy of deep case study, this research explains the choosing logic of migrant workers’ dwelling in the city through the study about a migrant worker decoration team’s three housing sites. We propose the concept of “team-based jointly dwellings” as the dwelling pattern of decoration migrant workers and find out this to some extent is decided by the social network of the decoration team. The social network of the migrant worker decoration team has some features, including closeness, duality, workers’ strengths, family and friend relationship oriented. All these feature lead to the team based jointly dwellings. The closeness of the decoration team’s social network results in that the company has nothing to do with migrant workers’ dwellings; the duality of the social network, including friends and families social network as well as the institutional social network of the decoration team results in that team leaders chose to live together with workers; the strength of workers result in that the dwellings were paid by the team leader; families & friends relationship not work relationship oriented social network results in that the migrant workers live in the pattern of “extended family”. Besides, the feather of migrant worker’s own social network, which is that they live apart away from their children and wives, also a reason for the “team based jointly dwellings”.

  On Tendency toward Peasants’ Doing Part-time Jobs In The Ming AND Qing Dynasties 2011, 27 (8):  442-444.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 516567KB )   ( 940 ) In Chinese traditional economic conditions, the peasants mainly depended on the traditional agricultural economy and the self-sufficiency small peasant economy was the character of the traditional agricultural society. Once the agricultural economy income did not support their families, then the peasants would consider about doing other occupations, and the behavior of concurrent-business being called part-time jobs. Because the Ming and Qing dynasties was in the late feudal society, there sprout the facts of the capitalism, and the period was in the social transition period, and the peasants’ behavior just reflected the character of the historical period. To understand the peasants’ doing other jobs correctly has some meanings for the construction of a socialist harmonious society and proper solution of the peasants’ problems nowadays.

  The agricultural transformation in the Late Qing Dynasty and the realistic inspiration 2011, 27 (8):  445-449.  Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 559620KB )   ( 1252 ) A series of transformations of the traditional agriculture took place in the Late Qing Dynasty that mainly displayed in the agricultural management offices, the peasant associations, the agricultural schools, the agricultural experiment stations and the agricultural companies. This has already left the precious experience and the profound lesson to us and has initiated us to ponder current agricultural construction.

  Ancient Ba Wudan's salt and tea origin 2011, 27 (8):  450-453.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 554315KB )   ( 831 ) Life in ancient in area indigenous ancients, in identification, gathering, use “medicine” in the process, accumulated to “Jia(槚) or the bitter tea” for medicinal purposes value understanding, and further because Jia(槚) can alleviate boils the salty environment the pain which produces to the human, increased to Jia(槚) demand. The two complemented each other, establishes the later generation Jia(槚) to drink by the medicine evolves the foundation which drank for the tea.

  Study on Dynamic Change of Land Use Based on Remote Sensing in Hefei City 2011, 27 (8):  454-459.  Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 1280314KB )   ( 1460 ) Precisely evaluating the historical land use is of great importance to promote sustainable usage of urban land resources. Based on nearly 30 years 4 periods high-resolution landsat satellite remote sensing data, and supported by RS and GIS, the spatio-temporal characteristics of land use change in Hefei area were analyzed, also the drive factors of land use change were discussed. The results showed that between 1970s and 1980s, the land use change was relatively slow, while after 1990s, the change became more apparent: the area of cropland was seriously reduced, and the areas of urban, industry and traffic significantly increased. Accompanying with rapid progress on urban industrial modernization, the problems about land use area reduction and population increase became more and more severe. Over all, the transformation from non-urban land use to urban land use was the major characteristic of land use change in Hefei city, and it was affected mainly by the population, economy, politics, transportation and many other factors.

  Evaluation on High Spatial Resolution SAR Data for Land Use Discrimination and Land Change Detection 2011, 27 (8):  460-463.  Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 507890KB )   ( 930 ) High spatial resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） satellites (1 m/3 m) have been launched recently which provided more choice to carry out land remote sensing project. In order to evaluate its suitability, there high resolution SAR satellites were selected for evaluation including TERRASAR, COSMO SkyMed and RADARSAT-2. Comparative analysis and statistical evaluation were used. The result shows that TERRASAR, COSMO SkyMed, RADARSAT-2 had similar ability for land use discrimination and land use dynamic change detect. Spotline mode data had relative high accuracy which obtains 80% overall acuracy for land use thematic mapping while stripmap mode data only obtained less than 75% overall accuracy for the same test sites. The result showed that evaluated SAR data can be used in land use dynamic monitor project.

  The Application of the Internet of Things in Agriculture 2011, 27 (8):  464-467.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 761420KB )   ( 1727 ) In recent years, extensive attention has been paid to Internet of Things by many people. The origin, concept, history and development of Internet of Things were introduced firstly in this paper. The applications framework of Internet of Things was described and that application was based on RFID and sensor network in agriculture. The problems of the Internet of Things in application were analyzed. Finally, this paper gave the future prospects of Internet of Things technology, as well as its role to human life, scientific and technological progress and industrial development.

  General Situation of Agricultural Information Technology and Network 2011, 27 (8):  468-473.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 565018KB )   ( 1544 ) This paper expatiates the actualities in researches and applications of agricultural information technology and network main developed countries. And it also discusses the research and development, applies fields, data resources and network development and so on. In the last brings forward some countermeasures to develop agricultural information technology in China.

  Cited analysis of Journal of Fruit Science from 2005 to 2009 2011, 27 (8):  474-478.  Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 566672KB )   ( 953 ) A statistical analysis on cited articles in Journal of Fruit Science in 2005-2009 was made using quantitative methods on the basis of the data from Chinese academic literature online publishing main database on CNKI. It aimed at quantitatively analyze and investigate the thesis cited in age distribution, journals domestic from the frequency distribution, the selected topic discipline distribution, paper in region, journal distribution of the cited articles and so on, and promulgated the present situation of Journal of Fruit Science.

  Innovative system analysis of rural folk tourism products 2011, 27 (8):  479-482.  Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 553672KB )   ( 944 ) Beijing rural folk tourism is an emphasis of the future development of Beijing tourism industry. However, modern folk tour is still relatively single species and the products of entertainment, the living customs which reflect cultural connotation are scarce. This article classified investigate resources of rural folk tourism, analysis relationship of rural folk tourism resources and tourism products, try to rebuild an innovative system of rural folk tourism products in order to satisfy the changes of tourism market demand.

  The Tourism Planning and Design of the Luan-yang Leisure Vacation Garden in Chengde City 2011, 27 (8):  483-487.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 2713313KB )   ( 909 ) According to the investigation, the author indicated the major problems of tourism in Chengde city, and then led into the theory of garden city and landscape ecology. The Luan-yang leisure vacation garden in Chengde city was designed in this paper about the planning objectives, the planning idea, the general planning, the project planning, and the environment landscape planning, et cetera. Based on leisure agriculture, aiming at constructing a garden city, the program was going to build a sustainable leisure vacation garden where can be in orderly management, can travel safely, can gather many visitors, can increase economic benefits steady. Moreover, the aim of the plan is to provide theoretical basis for developing leisure agriculture gardens and city planning in the future.

  Discusion on Leisure Agriculture——A Survey of Leisure Agriculture Satisfaction in Dandong City 2011, 27 (8):  488-492.  Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 606889KB )   ( 988 ) Abstract：In recent years, leisure agriculture is developing rapidly that is as a new type industry in tourism and agriculture in China. In order to better promote the development of leisure agriculture, the paper elaborates the concept of leisure agriculture and influencing factors, and based on leisure agriculture research by questionnaire investigation and interview from Dandong City , analyzes specific factors of development of leisure agriculture, and put forward strategy and suggestions for the future development of leisure agriculture from program, understanding, publicity and management.