Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.19 Published:05 July 2012

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  Comparative Studies on the endangered Davidia involucrata Baill. and Davidia involucrata var. vilmorniana (Dode) Wanger 2012, 28 (19):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0236 Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 991387KB )   ( 813 ) The research focused on the systematical investigation of the differences between D. involucrata and D. involucrata var. vilmorniana. Based on the observations of their morphological features, two molecular markers, ISSR, AFLP were used in the research. The result showed there were some differences in their leaves while no differences were found in their flowers or fruits. By using 10 ISSR primers and 7 EcoRI/MseI primer pairs of AFLP, no marker was found between D. involucrata and D. involucrata var. vilmoriniana. From the cluster analysis, individuals of 52 D. involucrata samples and 60 D. involucrata var. vilmoriniana samples did not gather together respectively either. There seemed only some differences on their leaves. The further work should be done to find whether there are some differences between the species and its variety in molecular level.

  Identification of PeNF-YB1 Expressed in Leaves of Populus euphratica Responsive to Drought 2012, 28 (19):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0084 Abstract + ( 1430 )   PDF ( 821706KB )   ( 888 ) The aim was to elucidate the transcriptional regulation mechanism of NY-YB proteins and their encoding genes from woody plants in drought resistance, the knowledge and tools of bioinformatics and PCR technology were used to clone a target sequence with 543 bp in length, named PeNF-YB1, from leave issues of Populus euphractica via reverse transcription approach, with the NF-YB homologue sequence in the genome of P. trichocarpa as reference. The protein encoded by the gene possessed a helix-loop-helix secondary structure, conserved domains and functional amino acids of NF-YB protein. The protein did not have a nuclear localization signal peptide. The gene was observed to be expressed in unclear field with GFP subcellular localization method. Under drought stress on P. euphratica imposed by PEG 6000 solution, the gene was observed to be an up-regulated expression in early stage of treatment, and a lagging down-regulated expression. The studies suggested that the cloned PeNF-YB1 gene is a member of plant NF-YB gene family and takes a regulative role in early drought response. The results of this study could not only verify the role of NF-YB in wood plants resistance to drought, but also provide a basic clue for elucidating regulation mechanism of tree resistance to drought.

  Isolation and Screening, Identification of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria in Rhizosphere Soil of Pinus Massonuana and Its Phosphate-degradation Capacity 2012, 28 (19):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3907 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 672123KB )   ( 904 ) In order to filter out the fine phosphate-solubilizing strains, for the further development of bio-fertilizer to provide basic information and theoretical and practical basis, 431 phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil in differrent stand ages of Pinus massonuana sand-fixation forest by NBRIP solid medium. There was different amount of phosphate-solubilizing microorganism in different stand ages of Pinus massonuana sand-fixation forest rhizosphere, the amount in different stand age was in the order: 15 years>20 years>25 years>10 years>2 years. 11 stains were selected by means of phosphorus hole, their D/d ratio was higher. Phosphorus solubilizing capability of the strains with the molybdenum blue spectrophotometry indicated that yL14 showed stronger ability of dissolving phosphorus, based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences, isolate yL14 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas fulva. Its phosphate solubilization capacity was 65.14 mg/L. According to the experiments, there was not directly relationship between the phosphate-dissolving capacity of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and the pH reduction of liquid media. The strain could be used as potential strains for biofertilizer manufacture.

  Studies on the Tissue Culture and Mycorrhizal Technology of Ostryopsis davidiana 2012, 28 (19):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0790 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 1800671KB )   ( 897 ) In order to get a number of plantlets and make mycorrhizal synthesis test of Ostryopsis davidiana, the Ostryopsis davidiana of which the stem segments with axillary buds were taken as the explants. The tissue culture from aspects of disposal, selection of basic medium, proliferation, rooting and mycorrhizal research of Ostryopsis davidiana were studied in the experiment. The results showed that: the best way of sterilization was soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 s, then treated in 5% NaClO for 7 min, then the germination rate could reached to 66%; The optimal basic medium was the WPM; The optimal proliferation medium for the buds was WPM+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.03 mg/L and the proliferation rate reached to 436.7%; For rooting, the optimal medium was WPM+NAA 0.2 mg/L. The rooting rate was up to 100.0%. Mycorrhizal synthesis test in the tissue culture bottle of Ostryopsis davidiana after rooting for 10 days showed that multiple growth indices of Ostryopsis davidiana plantlets were improved definitely after inoculated CgO5. The results provided the theoretical basis for the rapid propagation and mycorrhizal technology of Ostryopsis davidiana.

  Interspecific Association of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum Community in Minqin Desert Area 2012, 28 (19):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1231 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 740022KB )   ( 840 ) Based on the 2×2 table, series of approaches including overall association, interspecific association, percentage co-occurrence (PC) and association coefficient (AC) were used to analyze the interspecific association of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum community in Minqin desert area. The results showed that: overall association was insignificant positive association. Community was in a relatively stable stage. Zygophyllum xanthoxylum as constructive species had obvious advantage. The whole community would developing toward the stable and unrelated direction in Wutuojing, while overall association was insignificant negative association. Community was in a relatively unstable stage in Shiliujing. Only 12% species pairs showed significant correlation in 66 species pairs that consists of 12 mainly species in Wutuojing. The positive association was obvious higher than the negative association. There were high association among most species pairs, especially between Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and the other species pairs, whereas there were no significant correlations by χ2 test. So community was in a relatively stable stage. Only 7.58% species pairs showed significant correlation in 66 species pairs that consisted of 12 mainly species in Shiliujing. The negative association was obvious higher than the positive association. Association coefficient (AC) was 0 between Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and the other species pairs. So community was in a relatively unstable stage. There were positive correlations among community stability, whole association and interspecific association.

  Effect of Different Explants and Phytohormone on Callus Induction of Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (19):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0398 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 586369KB )   ( 760 ) The study aimed to provide the technical reference to rapid propagation and biotechnology breeding of Camellia oleifera. Effect of different explants and phytohormone on callus induction of Camellia oleifera was studied by using the asepsis seeding of leaf、stem segments and shoot tip as the explants. Combination of 2,4-D and KT were the best phytohormone for the inducting of callus. In the condition of MS basic medium added with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L KT, the callus induction rate were higher when used leaf and stem segments as the explants, while In the condition of MS basic medium added with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L KT, the callus induction rate were higher when used leaf and stem segments as the explants. In the three kinds of explants which were selected, leaf was the easiest for inducting, and induction rate could reach 100%. From the induction rate and the amount of plant hormones, leaf is the best explants of the three kinds of explants while inducting callus.

  Methane and Carbon Flux of Termite Mound in Different Forest Types 2012, 28 (19):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0469 Abstract + ( 1422 )   PDF ( 843497KB )   ( 1021 ) In order to compare the difference between primary forest and rubber plantation after land use changed, the author took common termite species in Xishuangbanna as example to study the seasonal changes of methane and carbon dioxide. In this study, the Xishuangbanna region of the common termite species Macrotermes soil ridge, for example, the seasonal changes of methane and carbon dioxide, methane and carbon dioxide emissions in the rainy season was 3.5 times than the dry season. A large area of rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna region caused by land use change, caused the greenhouse effect. From insects to land use change on greenhouse response point of view to explain the increase in greenhouse gas emissions after land use change had accelerated global warming. The study ignored the seasonal variation of the release of methane and carbon dioxide in termite heap materials. The results showed that seasonal changes in the termite population may lead to the seasonal changes of the termite heap of methane and carbon dioxide emissions factors. This result required a combination of the termite mound gas emissions and removal of other factors that affected the termite heap gas emissions to be proved.

  Salicylic acid alleviate the toxic effects of cadmium on Lolium perenne L. 2012, 28 (19):  39-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3912 Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 575347KB )   ( 863 ) In order to study the salicylic acid to alleviate the toxic effects of cadmium on the ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a pot experiment was used to determinate of the changes of physiological indicators of the ryegrass under heavy metal cadmium stress spraying exogenous salicylic acid. The results showed that the spraying of 100, 200 and 300 mg/L of the concentration of salicylic acid on the ryegrass under Cd stress had no significant effect at the chlorophyll content, but could increase the contents of the proline and the soluble sugar, the important osmotic adjustment substances, in the ryegrass leaves, enhancement effect of 200 mg/L concentration of salicylic acid on proline content was significantly higher than that of the other concentrations; spraying salicylic acid could significantly increase the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and other antioxidant enzyme, reduce the electrolyte permeability and MDA content in various concentrations. The significant difference between the level difference was not exist, 200 and 300 mg/L concentrations had greater role. The determination of physiological index could state that salicylic acid relieved the toxic effects of cadmium on ryegrass.

  The Stand’s Vitality and Healthy Assessment of Pinus massoninana Plantation in Hengshan 2012, 28 (19):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0735 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 675181KB )   ( 844 ) In order to expound the stand’s vitality and health status of Pinus massoninana plantations at present, then, offer some elementary analysis and suggestions for the operators, and reference for the assessments of forestry, the author used the method of functional key performance indication of composite structure, to build the stand’s vitality and healthy assessment indicator system of Pinus massoninana plantations, structured by 3 criteria- population vitality of Pinus massoninana, ecological health of vegetation type, and resistance vitality of stand. The diverse phases of cultivation of Pinus massoninana plantations in Hengshan Mountain was taken as sub-compartment samples to evaluate, 15 of which, with 5 distinct growing stages, were put in stand vitality and health assessments. The total stand’s vitality and healthy conditions of masson pine plantations are in a sub-healthy state, including 15 sub-compartment samples. Moreover, it was apparent that the H-value of population vitality of 5, 10, and 15 years were much more higher than those of 2 and 25 years. Besides, principally focused on the sub-compartment samples aging 2 and 25 years were in healthy state, the ecological conditions of vegetation type were dissimilar in each sub-compartment samples. However, there was little distinction in resistance vitality conditions between sub-compartment samples, and all of them were in a sub-healthy state, consistent in the total plantation.

  The Effect of Different Tending Thinning Intensity on the Growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii 2012, 28 (19):  48-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1075 Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 617616KB )   ( 975 ) In order to explore the effects of different density on Larix principis-rupprechtii, the author used the method of standard average growth comparison to study different thinning intensity on the diameter at breast height, tree height and volume year growth of 24 years Larix principis-rupprechtii by tending management to improve the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii. The results showed that the different thinning intensity on the larch diameter and volume of annual growth had a significant effect, with thinning intensity increases, DBH, volume growth quantity increases gradually, when the thinning intensity was 450/hm2 when the left and right sides, diameter at breast height and volume of annual growth reached the maximum value; and thinning intensity on the tree height effect.

  The Effect of Ethephon on the Flower Bud Differentiation and Fruit Setting of Jatropha curcas 2012, 28 (19):  52-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0380 Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 587769KB )   ( 684 ) The buds after anthesis were treated with ethephon at different concentrations at different time and different places after flower to understand the effect of ethephon on the flowering and fruit set of Jatropha curcas. The results showed that: there was no obvious promotion on the development of flower. There was more number of inflorescence on the growing apex treated with ethephon than on the control, but the difference was not significant. Ethephon had remarkable inhibiting effective on the fruit set of the previous inflorescences, the higher the concentration, the more distinctive the inhibition. The statistics analysis showed a significant negative correlation between them. The number of fruit of each branch was obvious different between the two trial sites, but there was not remarkable different in the number of inflorescence. As a result, the treatments of ethephon in one month after anthesis had obvious effect to inhibit the fruit set and it could be used to thin fruit or to control the number of fruit.

  The Effect of Fertilizer on Soluble Protein, Conductivity,and Chlorophyll Content in Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb 2012, 28 (19):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0383 Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 558368KB )   ( 716 ) The aim was to study the basic law of improving nutrition with fertilizer in Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb, and provide theoretical support of rational fertilization for Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. Four-year-old Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb was used as materials, per plant fertilizer respectively was T1:10.00 g, T2:20.00 g, T3:30.00 g, T4: 40.00 g, T5: 50.00 g, one control and three replications, plot experiment design. The results showed that: T4 treatment always had the highest value of soluble protein content from May to August. T3 and T5 treatment followed after T4 treatment, when in the end of experiment three treatment soluble proteins increased by 74.75%, 53.54%, 62.63% than the control. T1 and T2 treatment had no significant difference with the control. T4 treatment had the lowest value of conductivity and T5 treatment was followed from June to August and lower than the control by 33.78%, 33.66%, T2 treatment reduce margin was the smallest, only 9.38%. Leaf chlorophyll content showed additional changes with the increased fertilizer from April to August, T4 and T5 treatment was increased by 26.61%, 29.03% than the control in August and significantly higher than T1-T3 treatment. T4 (40.00 g/plant) was the best treatment.

  Adventitious Rooting Formation in Cuttings of Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (19):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0470 Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 599791KB )   ( 823 ) The influence of rooting media, auxin type, auxin density and treatment time on adventitious rooting of Camellia oleifera cuttings was examined in this paper. In order to find out the best treatment for rooting in cuttings, rooting rate, average adventitious root (AAR) number and AAR length were investigated. The result showed that: when planted in the substrate (80:20 mixture of red soil and sand), the rooting ratio, AAR number and AAR length were 71.7%, 2.4 and 2.5 cm. The most appropriate rooting of auxin type was rooting powder and the rooting percentage, AAR number and AAR length were 56.7%, 5.2 and 3.2 cm. The effects of the cuttings soaked for 2 h in 25 mg/L rooting powder were higher than other soaking-treatments and the rooting ratio, AAR number and AAR length were 73.3%, 4.6 and 1.8 cm. But for the dipping-treatments the cuttings dipped for 10 s in 300 mg/L rooting powder was the most effective way, the rooting percentage, AAR number and AAR length were 81.7%, 5.0 and 1.3 cm. Especially, the result of the optimal quick-dip treatment was better than the optimal soaking treatment. The most optimized treatment for rooting in cuttings of C. oleifera in autumn was that the cuttings were dipped for 10 s in 300 mg/L rooting powder and then planted in the substrate (80:20 mixture of red soil and sand).

  Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Forest Landscape in Lushuihe Forestry Bureau 2012, 28 (19):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1042 Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 1453192KB )   ( 851 ) Spatial autocorrelation can not be avoided in the forest landscape model, However, many studies often ignore this point, in order to solve the problem that combined with the spatial autocorrelation to build a model of forest landscape, Lushuihe Forest Bureau was taking as an case to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of the Red Forest landscape by using spatial autocorrelation analysis, semi-variance analysis means analysis. And that the Moran’s I and the semivariogram both showed that there were spatial autocorrelation of Korean pine in 1987, 1995 and 2003, but they showed a weakening trend of spatial autocorrelation, the distribution of red pine by non-random factors gradually became dominant random factors accounted for the dominant position, logging and other human factors had an important impact for the distribution of red pine. On this basis, the linear regression model and the spatial lag model were compared used to build landscape spatial model, the result showed that the fitness of the latter was better than that of the former.

  Characteristics of Fluorine Contents in Plants and Soils from Kaili Under Air Pollution 2012, 28 (19):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0275 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 706083KB )   ( 921 ) The aim was to study the influence of fluoride from air pollution on the plants and soils. Fluorine contents in plants and soils in Kaili area were monitored by a fluoride ion selective electrode method and its characteristics were discussed. The results showed that fluorine contents of plants and soils in this area with an average of 513.99 μg/g and 279.60 μg/g, ranged from 135.62-1420.97 μg/g and 240.50-340.36 μg/g, respectively. The fluorine contents of plants and soils are both higher than the background values in plants and soils and the plants and soils were polluted. The fluorine contents differed greatly in different species. Camellia olelfera Abel had the highest value while Pinus massoniana Lamb. had the lowest value. There was greater difference among different type plants. The fluorine content of different type plants was as follows: shrub> vine> herb> tree and evergreen plant> deciduous plant. The fluorine content of plant and soil in different sites was different. Some plants had obvious difference in its fluorine contents, while some plants did not.

  The Study of Structural Characteristics and Diversity of Natural Plant Community in Oasis Desert Ecotone in the Southeast Margin of the Tengger Desert 2012, 28 (19):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1545 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 649553KB )   ( 769 ) In order to grasp the community structure and diversity characteristic of the natural plant communities in oasis-desert transition area, to provide a theoretical basis for desert vegetation recovery and biodiversity conservation. The author researched Nitraria tangutorum, Oxytropis aciphylla and Artemisia desertorum of natural community’s structural characteristics and diversity in oasis desert ecotone in the southeast margin of the Tengger desert on the basic of the field investigation. The results showed: the structure of natural community was simple. It was composed of 47 plant species (26 genera, 10 families). The shrub species was relatively homogeneous and small number, and the herbaceous species was relatively abundant and larger number. The plants were relatively low bud nodes to adapt to the habitat conditions. The richness index of natural community was higher, diversity index was lower, evenness index between the communities without big difference. The results could be the gist for the environment construction and the plant protection.

  Research Progress and Application Prospect Analysis in Tobacco on Glycine Betaine 2012, 28 (19):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0313 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 623889KB )   ( 1075 ) Some plants could accumulate glycine betaine by self synthesis so as to alleviate the injury caused by drought, low temperature and salt stress. Meanwhile it could promote the accumulation amount of glycine betaine by genetic engineering or exogenous application for plants which could not make by themselves. This article summarized main research progress on discovery, biosynthetic pathway and applications of glycine betaine in plants, meanwhile evaluated research status, existing problems and application prospect of glycine betaine in tobacco. At last, we concluded that glycine betaine had the popularization and application potential in paddy yield of tobacco for its low cost, little dosage and strong stress resistence.

  Research Progress of Alkaloids From Araceae 2012, 28 (19):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0076 Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 807961KB )   ( 1425 ) This review summed up that alkaloids in Araceae mainly contained pyrroles, pyrrolidines, pyridines, piperidines, cyclic dipeptides, pyrazines, indoles, β-carbolines, and homonojirimycins. These secondary metabolites had antitumor, antibiotic, antioxidant, anticoagulation, insects poison, anti-glycosidase and other activities. The relative proposals were provided to solve these problems during process of resources usage and these data might support basis for the further study and development of plant resources of this family.

  Tea Industry, Germplasm and Breeding Research Progresses in Kenya 2012, 28 (19):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0269 Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 634837KB )   ( 977 ) Kenya is one of the most important tea producing countries in the world and the No.1 producer in Africa, mainly producing top quality CTC (crush, tear and curl) black tea. Tea is the most important pillar industry in the country’s economy, corresponding for about 4% of GDP (gross domestic product). About 95% of its total tea production was for expert, representing about 26% of the total export earnings. So far, the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (TRFK) collected and preserved 250 accessions of tea germplasms, released 50 improved tea cultivars. The tea breeding technology is gradually advancing from conventional selection and crossing to molecular biotechnology. This paper reviewed the brief history and introduction of Kenyan tea industry, the research progresses of tea germplasm, breeding technique, released tea cultivars, plant new variety protection, propagation and extension of new cultivars in Kenya, in order to give some implications for the sustainable development of Chinese tea industry, in particular the tea improvement.

  Analysis on Solar Radiation’s Changing Laws and Utilization in Solar Greenhouse 2012, 28 (19):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0486 Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 702806KB )   ( 825 ) The changing laws of solar radiation, utilization efficiency of solar radiation and the correlation between solar radiation and net radiation, as well as the influence of film on the utilization efficiency and correlation were studied. It was to provide theoretical foundation for optimizing structure and controlling environment of solar greenhouse. Solar radiation inside was timely measured, and analyzed by comparing with solar radiation outside. Radiation environment under different films was contrasted. The results showed that: from September to next April, the mean monthly solar radiation inside decreased early, and increased late, December was 4.45 MJ/m2, April was 11.68 MJ/m2. In November, the utilization efficiency of solar radiation was the best, the value of Qin/Qout was 75.99%, and the Qout-Qin was only 1.67 MJ/m2. There was a fine linear correlation between solar radiation and net radiation, the equation in March and April was y=0.8277x-0.2909, and R was 0.995. Comparing with the new film (film B), the utilization efficiency of the old film (film A) was less than film B up to 13%, and the equation in March and April was y=0.9223x-0.1762, R was 0.985. The research on solar radiation’s changing laws in solar greenhouse, and the facility’s influence was the basic of environment control.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Panxian Tobacco-Growing Areas of Guizhou Province 2012, 28 (19):  109-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0184 Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 696538KB )   ( 1038 ) In order to investigate the soil fertility situations to provide the theory basis on soil improvement and balanced fertilization in main tobacco-growing areas of Panxian region Guizhou province, 140 soil samples from 3 main tobacco-growing areas were analyzed. The results showed that the average pH value was 6.12, which was in an appropriate amount for tobacco growth. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus were rich in general, 34.38 g/kg, 2.22 g/kg and 1.12 g/kg respectively. But the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium in the medium to low levels, 39.27 mg/kg, 8.78 mg/kg, 9.69 g/kg and 139.98 mg/kg respectively. The contents of soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were 1147.88-5854.67 mg/kg, 46.66-708.17 mg/kg respectively, both of them were higher than the critical index. The range of soil available zinc content was 0.57-5.55 mg/kg, 94.29% of the samples was higher than the critical index (<1.00 mg/kg). The range of water-soluble chloride content was 7.43-39.23 mg/kg, and 95.71% of soil samples was lower than the critical index (30.00 mg/kg). The range of soil available molybdenum content was 0-0.59 mg/kg, and 80.00% of soil samples was higher than the molybdenum critical index (<0.10 mg/kg). The range of soil available boron content was 0.17-1.25 mg/kg, and 68.57% of samples below the boron critical index (<0.50 mg/kg). It was suggested that controlling nitrogen fertilizer, supplying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and increasing molybdenum and boron fertilizer should be paid more attention in balanced fertilization in Pan xian tobacco-growing areas.

  Comparison on the temperature and relative humidity and the content of water and pigments in burly tobacco leaves during air-curing in different barns YANG Xing-you 2012, 28 (19):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0346 Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 745586KB )   ( 808 ) Different air-curing barns were designed in Sichuan Province Dazhou City in order to compare the content of water and pigments in burly tobacco leaves and the temperature and relative humidity during air-curing and chemical components of cured leaves in different barns. The results indicated that: the adjustment of temperature and relative humidity among there barns was different. Average temperature and relative humidity in different room age of barns were different. There were different change of the content of water and pigments in tobacco leaves during curing in there barns. The different barns affected the content of chemical components in cured-tobacco leaves. The experiment showed that the four types barns could fit the requirement of burly cured, each burley tobacco growing region can select the suitable type based on local actual materials.

  Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Parthenocarpic Eggplant Seedlings 2012, 28 (19):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0409 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 934235KB )   ( 822 ) The aim was to evaluate the parthenocarpy of eggplant which could be used for breeding. Physiological characteristics in leaves for parthenocarpic (D-11) and non-parthenocarpic (00-13) eggplant seedlings were studied at 5℃ low temperature stress under the control. The results showed that chilling index and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were much lower of in leaves parthenocarpic eggplant with the time of low temperature; net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light saturation point (LSP), photosynthetic rate at light saturation point, apparent quantum yield (AQY), CO2 saturation point (CSP), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and maximum RuBP regeneration rate were decreased; but light compensation point (LCP), CO2 compensation point (CCP) were increased; moreover intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were increased in the former stage(before 2 d), then decreased (after 2 d) in leaves of eggplant seedlings. The experiment suggested activities of photosynthetic apparatusin by eggplant seedling were weakened mainly by low temperature stress, better heat-resistant and much less chang of photosynthesis parameter in parthenocarpic eggplant.

  Heterosis of Main Quality Characters of Tomato 2012, 28 (19):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0891 Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 545435KB )   ( 854 ) Heterosis performances of F1 by the ratio of positive, transgressive heterosis rate and degree of dominance in tomatoes were studied, with 30 crosses combination from six high inbred parents of many years, according to Griffing complete dealer cross design (p2), in order to provided theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties and improve main quality characters of tomato. The results showed that, the heterosis of quality characters were ubiquity, in which lycopene (P1), total soluble sugar (P11) and sugar acid ratio (P12) exhibited a strong positive heterosis; the positive degree of dominance of lycopene (P1), soluble solid (P3), total soluble sugar (P11) and sugar acid ratio (P12) in most combinations showed positive dominance.

  Effects of Different Thinning Methods on Group Structure and Fruit Quality in Airtight Apple Orchard 2012, 28 (19):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0375 Abstract + ( 1288 )   PDF ( 660348KB )   ( 821 ) The being grown ‘Red Fuji’ apple airtight orchard was used to the study, there were three different thinning methods, interlaced thinning(A), septum strain thinning(B), every four trees cutting one in the line(C) and the control(CK), and the effects of different methods on group structure and fruit quality. The results showed that compared with CK, three different thinning methods got different degree of optimization, the ratio of leaves witches branches, short shoot and long shoot increased while water sprout decreased; at the beginning, the coverage rate and branch quantities per hectare declined significantly and recovered year by year; the overlap rate among individual trees of A declined while the overlap rate between the lines B declined significantly; the leaf area index reduced, leaves size largened and thickness of hundred leaves increased; the connect fully conditions of the orchard improved obviously. Fruit appearance quality such as average fruit weight, tinge, shading area and high quality fruit rate were better than CK after thinning. Fruit internal quality such as fruit flavor and texture were better than CK, titration acid content declined, and hardness increased. The conclusion was that appropriate thinning methods could fundamentally improve apple airtight orchard group structure and fruit quality, in terms of general effect, B was the best thinning method and A placed the second.

  Response Effects of Antioxidant Enzymes System to Different Length Photoperiod-induced Dormancy in Peach Leaf 2012, 28 (19):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0514 Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 738688KB )   ( 705 ) In order to explore the change of dormancy process and protective antioxidant enzyme system in peach tree leaves under the different photoperiod, the author took the facility-specific varieties of ‘Chunjie’ peach as experimental material, the response of leaf antioxidant enzymes system to different length photoperiod were studied during the dormancy process induced. The results showed that: the induction role of different length photoperiod was different, short day had significant effect on dormancy induction, long day played a delay role however. The activities of leaf antioxidant protective enzymes SOD, POD and CAT showed single peak curves in whole treatment period, the peaks appeared about 7 days before entering into dormancy induction period. Long day reduced the activities of 3 enzymes in various degrees, but short day made them stimulated, which indicated that the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were associated with dormancy process, and sensitive response periods were about a week before the dormancy induction period. MDA contents increased continuously with the extension of induction time. Its contents were inhibited by long day and promoted by short day, which showed long day lower level of peroxide in mesophyll cells and short day contrarily.

  The Preliminary Study on Radiation Breeding in Kiwifruit 2012, 28 (19):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0186 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 2542816KB )   ( 971 ) The aim of this study was to provide the reference for the radiation breeding of kiwifruit. After treated with 60Co-γ ray, buds from different fruit spurs of two Actinidia varieties were top grafted onto the heavily pruned mature vines with 50-100 grafted buds per adult stock plant. The favorable variants were selected and propagated for several successive years, and the characteristics of new developed strains were investigated. From the progeny vines produced from 25GY-radiated grafted buds, two new strains with distinctive characteristics were finally developed: ‘Heping radiation No.1’ and ‘Hongyang large fruit’. Compared with the control varieties, the new strains exhibited the same phenophase, while the morphological characters showed some differences. The yielding ability of ‘Hongyang large fruit’ had been improved. As for fruit quality, the content of total sugar and vitamin C of two new strains increased significantly in comparison with control varieties. Furthermore, the content of soluble protein of ‘Hongyang large fruit’ was greater than that of its control. The suitable dosage of 60Co-γ ray radiation breeding with kiwifruit buds was between 25 and 50 GY. The multiple top grafting techniques effectively solved the problem that a large population with numerous individuals is required to screening the very few favorable mutations. It was an effective novel way for kiwifruit breeding to combine 60Co-γ ray radiation treatment of kiwifruit buds with multiple top grafting on adult stock plants.

  Study on the Relationship Between the Enzyme Activities and Fruit Shrink Disease Resistance in Different Jujube Varieties 2012, 28 (19):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0135 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 945076KB )   ( 730 ) In order to clarify the relationship between the enzyme activities and fruit shrink disease resistance in different jujube varieties, and providing a referential biochemical marker to identify disease resistant variety. During the growing period of jujube fruit, the fruits of different jujube varieties with different fruit shrink disease resistance were collected regularly, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) in the jujube fruits were tested. The results showed that the significant differences of protective enzyme activities existed in different jujube varieties. On the early stage of jujube fruit developing, there existed a certain degree of negative correlation between the POD activity and variety resistance, but with fruit growth, the increases of POD activity in resistant varieties were higher than that in susceptible varieties; in August- jujube growth critical period, there was a certain positive correlation between the activities of SOD, PAL and variety resistance, and the increases of SOD activity in resistant varieties were earlier than susceptible varieties. The variation of the CAT activity existed between different varieties in the same period but no regularity to follow. There were certain regularity relationships between the activities of POD, SOD, PAL during development of jujube fruit and the variety resistance, which could be used as referential biochemical markers for disease resistance identification.

  Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Tagetes erecta 2012, 28 (19):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0183 Abstract + ( 1482 )   PDF ( 5586934KB )   ( 881 ) In order to investigate the difference among different sterile lines of Tagetes erecta, the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of it was studied in this paper. The pollen germination in vitro was used to select the optimum geminating temperature of the pollen, to observe daily variation of pollen viability and to choose optimum storage condition of marigold ‘V-01’ (Tagetes erecta L.) pollen. The stigma receptivity was tested with benzidine-H2O2 method. Aniline blue water soluble staining was for detecting the pollen germination on stigma. The results showed that: (1) 25-30℃ was the best temperature for the pollen germination. The pollen viability increased firstly in the morning, reached the maximum at 11 am to 13 pm and then decreased. 4℃ with dry condition was the best pollen storage condition. (2) Stigma with the shape of ‘γ’ was respectable and could sustain 3 days. (3)Pollen geminated on stigma 1 hour later and pollen cells flew into the pollen tube 2 hours later after the pollination.

  Effects of Different Concentrations of Gibberellin on the Flowering of Ground-cover Chrysanthemum ‘Zichonglou’ 2012, 28 (19):  164-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3837 Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 12777498KB )   ( 685 ) The effects of different concentrations of gibberellin on plant height, crown breadth, flowering characteristic (flowering season, flower number, petals number, flower diameter) and the pollen germination viability of ground-cover Chrysanthemum ‘Zichonglou’ were studied, which could provided substantial base for the hybrid breeding and regulating flower season of ground-cover Chrysanthemum. The results showed that 100-500 mg/L of gibberellin might cause the dewing color season 6-10 days ahead of time, the starting flower season 7-12 days ahead of time, and the abundant flowering season 2-7 days ahead of time. With the increase of gibberellin concentration ranging from 0 to 500mg/L, internode and plant height were increased, but the flower number, petals number, crown breadth, and flower diameter were inhibited. The longest internode and plant height occurred with 500 mg/L gibberellin treatment. The pollen germination viability were improved by 100-300 mg/L of gibberellin, and impressed by 500 mg/L gibberellin.

  Physiological Mechanism Study of Dormancy Release in Tubers of Zantedeschia hybrida 2012, 28 (19):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3409 Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 1249857KB )   ( 710 ) Carbohydrate contents and α-amylases activity were determined to investigate the physiological mechanism of dormancy release with low temperature storage in tubers of Z. hybrida ‘Flamigo’, which 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks at 6℃ storage before planting. The results showed that the longer in low temperature storage could accelerate the vegetative growth and early bloom. Cultivated 50 days, the starch contents were the highest at 4 weeks while the total soluble sugar reached the highest at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks storage, the contents of total soluble sugar and α-amylases activity decreased significantly, which indicated that the tuber dormancy had been fully released.

  Changes of Starch Content and SP Activity in Lily Bulbs During Bulb Development 2012, 28 (19):  173-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0730 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 731293KB )   ( 809 ) Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the starch content and starch phosphorylase (SP) activity in lily bulbs, bulbs of Lilium davidii var.unicolor and Asian lily were used to determine the changes of starch content and SP activity both in mother scales and daughter scales during bulb development. The results showed that the content of starch in the both two mother bulbs were declined before the leaf-expansion period, then soared and reached its highest on 40 d after leaf-expansion, and then decreased again. Besides, Asian lily showed an obvious downward trend. The starch content in both two daughter bulbs increased in general, and Asian lily got to its maximum at withered stage while Lilium davidii var.unicolor at half withered stage. The accumulation of starch was positively correlated with the SP content, and the trends of starch content in both lilies were consistent with SP during bulb development. The phenomenon that the maximum of starch content was not with the highest SP activity indicates that SP was in relation to starch biosynthesis in lily bulbs, but not the only enzyme.

  Effect of High Temperature Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Phalaenopsis Seedlings 2012, 28 (19):  177-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0211 Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 901791KB )   ( 895 ) The purpose was to determine the effect of high temperature stress on the photosynthetic apparatus, the change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of Phalaenopsis seedlings were measured when subjected to high temperature stress at 38℃ for 4 d, or 25℃ as a control. The results indicated that the contents of total chlorophyll, the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), actual efficiency of PSⅡ electron transport (ΦPSⅡ), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were continuously decreased with the increasing days of high temperature stress, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the initial fluorescence (Fo) and the complete non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) showed a constant increase. At the late stage of high temperature stress, there are significant differences in the above indexes as compared to those before high temperature stressing. It was concluded that PSⅡ reaction centre in leaves of Phalaenopsis seedlings were inactivated temporarily or destroyed under high temperature stress so that primary reaction of photosynthesis was be blocked, decreased significantly the efficiency of primary light energy conversion of photosystem Ⅱ, and therefore caused acute photo-inhibition, reduced dramatically photosynthetic electron transport activity, resulted in accumulation of excess energy in PSⅡ reaction centre to cause photo-oxidation damage of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll. However, Phalaenopsis seedlings could alleviate the photochemical damage through radiationless energy dissipation.

  The Influence of Flower Slow/controlled Release Compound Fertilizer on the Growth and Ornamental Value of Potted Phalaenopsis Amabilis 2012, 28 (19):  184-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0329 Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 619811KB )   ( 886 ) In order to solve the problem of simple and long-term fertilization of Phalaenopsis amabilis, a pot cultural experiment was conducted by application of slow/control release compound fertilizer in Phalaenopsis amabilis. Meanwhile, the biological effects among the special fertilizer of flowers, an import release fertilizer and the slow/control release compound fertilizer were compared and verified. The result indicated that the slow/controlled release fertilizer can obviously promote the growth of big seedlings of Phalaenopsis amabilis compared with other common flower fertilizers and no fertilizer treatment, and can obviously control the height of flower-stalk and quality of flowers. According to the result of experiment, the slow/controlled release compound fertilizer with a releasing period of 180 days showed the best comprehensive effect on the growth, height of flower-stalk and quality of flowers of Phalaenopsis amabilis, which was showed in dark green and glossy leaves, early initial time of flowering, lasting flowering period with a good number and size of flowers. Compared with the effect of the imported controlled release fertilizer, the Phalaenopsis amabilis treated by the slow/controlled release compound fertilizer showed a respective rise of 1.7%, 1.7%, 1.9%, 5.9%, 1.7%, 11.0%, 7.7% and 8.9% in the area of leaf, number of leaf, fresh weight of leaf, leaf display, height of flower-stalk in the late stage of growth, flowering period, length of flower diameter and the number of flowers.

  Optimization for SRAP-PCR System in Paeonia suffruticosa Hybrids Selection of Primers 2012, 28 (19):  189-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0206 Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 1304538KB )   ( 822 ) Researching genetic diversity of Paeonia suffruticosa hybrids is to ensure location of Paeonia suffruticosa hybrids in variety classification system. Paeonia suffruticosa hybrids genomic DNA from leaf tissue was isolated according to the SDS procedure. An orthogonal diagram as experimental design was applied to study the effects of four levels of Mg2+, dNTPs, primers, Taq DNA and genomic DNA polymerase respectively on the reaction system of SRAP, and the SRAP reaction system was optimized by analyzed effects of the concentrations of DNA template. The results showed that all factors had the significant effect on the result of SRAP-PCR. And a better amplification of SRAP-PCR was obtained with the reaction system for Paeonia suffruticosa containing 2.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.25 mmol/L dNTPs, 2 ng/μL genomic templates DNA and 0.25 μmol/L primer in the total volume of 25 μL. At the same time, 30 primer combinations were selected with the optimized system among 100 primer combinations, which had abundant polymorphism bands. This study would be conducted to the optimized SRAP-PCR system and selection of primers which would play an important role in genetic diversity and genetic relationship in taxonomic hierarchies of Paeonia suffruticosa.

  Studies on the spatial distribution pattern and population dynamics of Frankliniella occidentalis in the rose 2012, 28 (19):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0054 Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 712456KB )   ( 734 ) Abstract ：Six methods were used to determine the spatial pattern of Frankliniella occidentalis on rose field. the results show that the spacial distribution pattern of the pest on rose is Aggregated distribution，the basic ingredients is individual population,the individual attracted each other,The aggreggation distribution of the pest was due to its life habit and environmental factors. In addition,. A sequential sampling model was built by Iwao’s way (regressive relation by m*-m) Theoretical sampling numbers of field survey can be estimated with N=1/D2[6.7692/m+0.4799]. several sampling methods for sampling populations of Frankliniella occidentalis in rose field were compared, and The best sampling method was chessboard method. The population dynamics of the pest on rose is single summit from July 8 to June 4,the maxuim density occurred in June 19 .

  Preliminary Study on Adventitious Root Suspension Culture of Hypericum perforatum L. 2012, 28 (19):  199-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0152 Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 596237KB )   ( 961 ) The aim was to provide the theoretical basis for large scale propagation of adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum L. In this study, the adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum was used as the experimental material for suspension culture, to optimize the screening of medium types, sugar types and IBA concentration of adventitious root growth. Then the adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum growth was observed, fresh weight and dry weight were measured, dry matter and multiplication coefficient were calculated to determine the optimal suspension culture conditions. Different medium types had a greater impact on adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum growth, MS medium was the best factor to promote the growth of adventitious root; Sucrose significantly increased the fresh weight and dry weight of adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum, and the values reached 8.29 g, 0.46 g respectively. The fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter and multiplication coefficient of adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum had reached the maximum when the IBA concentration was 1.0 mg/L, the maximun values was 8.98 g, 0.49 g, 5.46% and 13.97 respectively. Adventitious root of Hypericum perforatum propagated best when the medium was MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L, sucrose as carbon source in suspension culture.

  Seeds Germination Characteristics of Loropetalum chinense and Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum 2012, 28 (19):  203-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0382 Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 3475097KB )   ( 806 ) In order to explore and understand the characteristics of the seed germination in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, and to provide a basis for genetic improvement and germplasm innovation by means of sexual hybridization and seed selection in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, using the typical varieties and strains of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum as materials, the influence of pretreatment means before sowing, different harvest time, varieties and strains, store ways, sowing time on the seed germination were carried out in this paper. The major results were as follows: Seeds of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum possess afterripening, they can germinated well only pass through the biological dormancy by cold stratification (100 d). In order to harvest the better seeds before capsule crazing, the middle decade of September to the first decade of October was the optimum harvest period in Changsha. Cold stratification of seeds with sclerotesta and cold store of seeds without sclerotesta couldn’t be beneficial for passing through the biological dormancy of seeds, cold stratification of seeds without sclerotesta was the optimum storage ways. The germination percentage sowing outdoor in autumn more than enough the ones sowing outdoor in spring, and it showed some genotypic differences.

  Studies on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Superior Characteristics of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 2012, 28 (19):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1224 Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 617547KB )   ( 806 ) To establish a new technique for in vitro rapid propagation and conservation of superior germplasm of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, new emerging stems of a ten-year old Gardenia were used as explants to develop an efficient protocol for tissue-culture propagation based on MS medium supplemented with different hormones, in addition to research into the transplanting technique. Results indicated that the proper original induction medium was MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L; Shoot reproduction medium was MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L with a propagation ratio of 4.6; The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+IBA 2.0 mg/L, and the rooting rate was 87%; The best growth in the matrix was based on the ratio of peat∶vermiculite =1:1(V:V).

  The Effect of Water Stress on the Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Parameters of Trachelospermum jasminoides ‘Flame’ 2012, 28 (19):  215-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0593 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 617547KB )   ( 658 ) The effect of water stress on the Trachelospermum jasminoides was tested by the method of gradient of water in soil. The results showed that flooding suppressed the growth of plants after treated for 51 days, which was embodied in the decreasing of Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP and net photosynthetic rate, while the change of Fo was increased. The drought stress and the moderate stress suppressed the growth of plants, which were embodied in the increasing of Fo, the decreasing of Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, net photosynthetic rate. The plants of the drought stress were dead after treated for 24 days and the plants of the moderate stress were dead after treated for 38 days.

  Effects of Phosphorus on Root Morphology and Acid Phosphotase Activity of Phyllostachys praecox 2012, 28 (19):  220-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3918 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 656771KB )   ( 801 ) To understand the effect of different phosphorus concentration on root morphology and acid phosphotase activity in Phyllostachys praecox. The effects of phosphorus concentrations, e.g. 0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 mg/L, on root morphology and acid phosphotase activity of one-year old Phyllostachys praecox were investigated by potted sand experiment. The results showed that with phosphorus concentration increasing, root/shoot ratio of Phyllostachys praecox decreased gradually. Addition of phosphorus to promote on the accumulation of organic matter, thereby dropped the value of root shoot ratio.0.5 mg/L of phosphorus concentration, root length reached a maximum value of 1344.76 cm/plant. Root surface area and root volume reached the maximum as 384.28 cm2/plant and 11.67 cm3/plant respectively in 0 mg/L of treatment. In the range of 0 to 5 mg/L of P concentration, acid phosphotase (Apase) activities in the leaf and root decreased gradually. They were maximum as 14.44 μmol/(g?min) and 11.46μmol/(g?min) respectively, when incubated under 0 mg/L of P concentration. These suggested morphological change and acid phosphatase activity enhancement induced by a P deficiency could be an adaptive response of Phyllostachys praecox to low phosphorus.

  Comparative Study on the Content of Cellulose and Lignin from Different Populations of Arundo donax 2012, 28 (19):  225-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0378 Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 636282KB )   ( 730 ) The methods of acid-base washing procedure and Klason procedure were used to measure the content of cellulose and lignin of eight different habitats of Arundo donax respectively, and the contents of cellulose and lignin of two populations of Arundo donax at different stages of growth were measured in order to explicate the relation between the stage of growth, the populations and the content of cellulose and lignin, and therefore providing evidence for exploiting Arundo donax. The results showed that: (1) in the same population, the contents of cellulose and lignin from the highest to the lowest were all stem, branch and leave. (2) As for the stems of all samples, the contents of cellulose from the highest to the lowest were the habitats of Shengzhou of Zhejiang Province, Xijie of Nanjing, Hengyang of Hunan, Cixi of Zhejiang, Funing of Jiangsu, Tongren of Guizhou and Eryuan of Yunnan Province. The sample of Shengzhou had the highest cellulose content which was 49.2%. (3) From the highest content of lignin to the lowest, they were habitats of Hengyang in Hunan Province, Eryuan of Yunnan, Xijie of Nanjing, Tongren of Guizhou, Shengzhou of Zhejiang, Funing of Jiangsu, Hengyang of Hunan and Cixi of Zhejiang Province. Stems in Fenghuang had the highest lignin contents, which was 27.7%. (4) The contents of cellulose and lignin from eight populations increased at different degrees with the growth of time, and they increased very fast in 2-6 months, and then increased very slowly.

  Correlation Between Contents of Chlorophyll in New Shoots from Tea Germplasms and Selectivity of Aleurocanthus spiniferus 2012, 28 (19):  229-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0029 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 589812KB )   ( 628 ) The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between the chlorophyll contents in new shoots from different tea germplasms and the selectivity of Aleurocanthus spiniferus, and provide theoretical basis for early identification of resistant breeding. In this experiment, the acetone spectrophotometric method was employed to detect the chlorophyll contents in new shoots from 9 tea germplasms, and the correlation between the chlorophyll contents in new shoots from different tea germplasms and the selectivity of A. spiniferus was analyzed. The results showed that there was significant difference on contents of chlorophyll in new shoots from 9 tea Germplasms(F=4.323，P＜0.05). The chlorophyll contents from ‘Dangui’ (3.72 mg/g), ‘U3’ (3.49 mg/g), ‘Tieguanyin’ (2.85 mg/g), ‘U510’ (2.74mg/g),’Yulong’ (2.69 mg/g) and ‘Maoxie’ (2.61 mg/g) were much higher than that of ‘Huangdan’ (1.83 mg/g), ‘Fuyun No.10’ (1.84 mg/g), ‘Fuyun No.6’ (1.85 mg/g). The contents of chlorophyll or chlorophyll-a or chlorophyll-b in new shoots from 9 tea germplasms had no significant negative correlation to the oviposition number of A. spiniferus in unit area (P＞0.05), but had significant or nearly significant negative correlation to the generational survival rate of A. spiniferus (P＜0.05). In short, the result suggested that higher contents of chlorophyll or chlorophyll-a or chlorophyll-b had relatively higher resistance to A. spiniferus.

  The different development stages Photosynthetic Leaf Area of ginseng ginsenosides research 2012, 28 (19):  233-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0208 Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 1005601KB )   ( 840 ) In order to study the rule that different growth stages of ginseng saponins in different stem leaf number ginseng how to change. Born three stems, two stems and single stem ginseng of three to four years old as the research object and take ginseng saponins as testing indexes to compare the variation. Acquisition set different stem number and different growth stages of ginseng in Ji’an. The total content of ginsenosides was determined by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and the contents of 7 kinds of mono ginsenosides was measured by using HPLC, and then the variation was compared. ①Ginseng saponins content increased with the growth years. In different birth period, born in three or four years, ginseng in the red fruits had the highest contents of total ginseng saponins, 4.46%, 4.94%, 4.97%, 6.69%, 5.00% respectively. ②The ginsenosides contents in different stem ginseng and double stem ginseng were higher than those of in single stem ginseng and three stem the ginseng. ③There were different monomers in the root of ginsenosides in different period. Overall, at different growth stages, the monomer saponins had the highest content of Rb1 in red fruits. Rb1 was 1.035 mg/g in double stem of four years had; and Rd content was the lowest in wilt period. Rd content was the lowest 0.105 mg/g in single stem of three years. The monomer saponins contents in different stem ginseng and double stem ginseng were higher than those of in single stem ginseng and three stem the ginseng. The ginseng sponins content had close relation with growth period and the number of stem. It suggested that ginseng should do double stem process in plant period, and ginseng should be harvested in the last of red fruits.

  Mature Harvest of Different Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘K326’ 2012, 28 (19):  240-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0164 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 601847KB )   ( 653 ) The field trials were studied to define the mature harvest of different leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’. The results showed that the mature degrees that they were 50%, 80% or 90% were better than the other for the lower, middle or upper leaves of ‘K326’, respectively. At the stage of the mature harvest, the leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’ had more favorable appearance quality, economic characters, chemical composition and the highest score of sensory evaluation. Therefore, it suggested that the better yield and quality may be achieved by the mature harvest models for ‘K326’.

  Research on Fertilizer of Autumn Chinese Cabbage 87-114 Based on the “3414” Field Experiments 2012, 28 (19):  245-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0334 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 626381KB )   ( 585 ) The aim was to study the rational fertilization of autumn cabbage 87-114. Field experiments was carried out with "3414" design of the optimal regression test, the conventional fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 360 kg/hm2, 180 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2. The results showed that based fertility test area was 86.3%, three fertilizer contribution rate of K>N>P. Fertilizer recommended rates were stimulated by the models of one-factor. The results indicated that the optimum fertilizer rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) were 334 kg/hm2, 106 kg/hm2 and 140 kg/hm2 respectively. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 2.39:0.9:1. "3414" test could determine nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application and reduce the three fertilizer application under the existing conditions of soil fertility.

  Applying Ultrathin-layer Iso-electric Focusing Electrophoresis in Varietal Purity Testing of Hybrid Bitter Gourd 2012, 28 (19):  249-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0288 Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 1072905KB )   ( 810 ) In order to develop a rapid and practical method for varietal purity testing in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), four bitter hybrids were subjected to Ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (UTLIEF) and field grow-out test. Protein marker bands were found in all parent lines of the four hybrids, and the protein electrophoresis of these four F1 hybrids contained both male marker bands and female marker bands. The results of UTLIEF tests and grow-out test were compared, and the results were identical. This examination subjects that UTLIEF could be employed as a rapid and practical method for varietal purity testing in hybrid bitter gourd.

  Studies on Quick Detection of Apple Skin Scar Viroid with Kit 2012, 28 (19):  254-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0717 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 1568293KB )   ( 710 ) In order to simplify the conventional RT-PCR of apple skin scar viroid and find faster and more accurate detection methods, the apple shoots in field infected by apple skin scar viroid were used as materials to optimize the RT-PCR systems. Specific primers of apple skin scar viroid were designed and synthesized according to the gene sequences in Genebank and domestic kit was selected in this study. The results showed that under the conditions of the amount of total RNA 37.4-74.8 ng, reverse transcription products 1.0-3.0 μL and the annealing temperature 63.8℃, two-step RT-PCR system got a good amplification. While the amount of total RNA 3.74-7.48 ng and the annealing temperature from 50.1 to 62.6℃, the detection systems of one-step RT-PCR got the better amplification. The two RT-PCR detection systems were tested with samples collected from Shandong Province, and the results were completely consistent. This study established the quick and reliable detection method of apple scar skin viroid by the two-step and the one-step RT-PCR by kit.

  Research on Influence of Different Substrate Formulation on Growth Status of Slope Restoration Plants 2012, 28 (19):  260-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0673 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 698055KB )   ( 662 ) The authors took representive slope restoration plant-bluegrass as experiment material, chose cement, water retaining agent, fertilizer and humus as plant media. Designing pot experiment by orthogonal test L9（34）to research the influence on growth status of bluegrass in nine different formulas mixed by fore medias, then measured and analyzed the physical and chemical properties of different substrate formulation，the buds rate，survival rate and plant height on fifty day of bluegrass. The results shows that the influence of different substrate formulation on growth status of bluegrass is different. By range analysis, the results are showed as follows: the order of four factors which affect the buds rate of plants is water retaining agent > humus> cement> fertilizer;the order affecting the survival rate of plants is water retaining agent > cement> fertilizer> humus; the order affecting the plant height on fifty day is water retaining agent > fertilizer> humus> cement. In the end, the optimum combination is treatment-9 consisting of 15.0% cement, 1.0% water retaining agent, 6.0% fertilizer and 6.0% humus which can raise both buds rate and survival rate significantly and promote the growth of bluegrass. Then, treatment-5 consisting of 10.0% cement, 0.5% water retaining agent, 9.0% fertilizer and 6.0% humus ensures higher survival rate and plant height on fifty day.

  The Capacity on Purifying Indoor Formaldehyde Pollution and Physiology Response of 7 Ornamental Plants 2012, 28 (19):  266-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0824 Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 598243KB )   ( 748 ) To select suitable plants for use in purified indoor formaldehyde pollution, Seven species of ornamental plants were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing formaldehyde concentrations in a simulated fumigating box environment, and the absorption capacities were compared and ranked according to the net ratio of absorption and the reduction of formaldehyde in the unit leaf area. Meanwhile, the leaf plasma membrane permeability, MDA content and POD activity were measured to assess those plants’ physiological responses to formaldehyde stress. The results indicated that the capacities of different plants in removing formaldehyde were different, and the order of the plants according to the absorption efficiency amount per unit of leaf area was Peperomia tetraphylla > Reineckea carnea > Aspidistra elatior > Crassula portulacea > Stromanthe sanguinea > Nidularium fulgens . The leaf relative conductivity, MDA content and POD activity of all the seven species changed after formaldehyde treatment and the resistances of different species to formaldehyde stress were different. According to formaldehyde removal capacity and the resistance measured in the experiment, 6 ornamental plants (including Peperomia tetraphylla、Reineckea carnea、Aspidistra elatior、Crassula portulacea、Stromanthe sanguine、Nidularium fulgens)had both higher removal capacities and higher resistance that were suitable to be used in indoor decoration.

  Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Ratio Between Basal and Topdressing on Growth and Root Yield of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch 2012, 28 (19):  270-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0065 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 753136KB )   ( 794 ) The aim was to study the effect of optimizing N management on root yield at harvest of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and quality. Two on-farm field experiments were conducted to evaluate dry-matter accumulation and N demand characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch with different N management, to optimize N fertilizer application rate with different N rate experiments, and to determine optimal ratio between basal and topdressing fertilization with different base:topdressing ratio experiment. Whatever dry-matter and N uptake, the accumulation peaks occurred from root elongate to root enlargement. The highest dry-matter accumulation is 0.86 g/(day?zhu) from root elongate to root enlargement, and the highest N uptake is 0.014 g N/(day?zhu). The yield of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch can increase by 23%-29% by optimal N application rate, compared to no N application. Compared to base N application treatment, the yield of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch can increase by 25% with base: topdressing of 3:7 treatments. Across two years studies, the optimal N fertilizer rate should be 121-132 kg N/hm2, and 70% of total N fertilizer should be applied the fastest growing stage, such as root elongate phase.

  Effect of Various Agricultural Measures on the Yield of One-year Angelicae sinensis (Oliv.) Diels in Yunnan 2012, 28 (19):  275-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0105 Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 585837KB )   ( 717 ) The paper focus on optimum cultivating factors of anti-bolting cultivating techniques of Angelicae sinensis (Oliv.)Diels. By adopting single factor randomized block design, the effect of different cultivating factors such as density, base-fertilizer, mulch and transplanting-time on single-root weigh and the yield of one-year Angelicae sinensis were studied. Different density, base-fertilizer, mulch and transplanting-time have remarkable influence on single-root weigh and the yield of one-year Angelicae sinensis. The most suitable factors were as follows: density 127500 seedling per hectare, base-fertilizer about 40.5 t/hm2, transplanting time late May, black film mulched. The result could serve as theoretical basis and reference for field production of one-year Angelicae.

  Nutrition characteristic of fruit-bearing tree of Citrus microcarpa 2012, 28 (19):  279-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0391 Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 3273114KB )   ( 1011 ) To study nutrition characteristic and directions of fruit-bearing tree of Citrus microcarpa in Yunan, Guangdong. The two types of the citrus orchard grew on paddy fields and hillside soil were selected to determine the element content of leaves, trunk and fruit samples collected in the different growth stages, to analyze the seasonal dynamics and the proportion of each element demand, to put forward the suitable nutrient directions for the growth of Citrus. The results showed that: (1) the highest demand for P for all growth stages was in the flowering stage; K demand was the highest between in the flowering stage and in the young fruit stage; Ca and Cu demand was the lowest in flowering period, increased gradually after the flowering period, and, the highest in the maturity period; Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, B demand were slightly lower in flowering period compared with the other growth stages, but was relatively stable demand for all growth stages. (2) The content of N, P, K, and of Ca, Mg element in the trunk of Citrus. In the paddy soil was generally higher than those in the hillside soil; the content of Cu, Zn, B in the former was less than those in the latter, while the Fe, Mn content was the opposite trend. (3) According to the data analysis of multiple orchards, 1 ton of ‘Shatangju’ fruit produced need to N 1.242 kg, P 0.138 kg, K 1.366 kg, Ca 0.476 kg, Mg 0.126 kg, Fe 0.72 g, Mn 0.97 g, Cu 2.47 g, Zn 1.58 g, B 1.34 g; According to fertilizer utilization and the proportion of NPK fertilizer, N 12.95-15.11 kg, P2O5 7.77-9.1 kg, K2O 12.95-15.11 kg should be applied throughout the year if the yield of 1 ton of citrus was obtained.

  Study on the Biochemical Components of Tea Camellias in Southwest Guizhou Province 2012, 28 (19):  286-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0497 Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 544259KB )   ( 838 ) Aim at the extant tea camellias in southwest guizhou province such as Anshun city, Qianxinan state,Liupanshui city,Xingyi city and so on,we did four routine item biochemical components content test to study their biochemical character, adaptability, cultivation value in use ,drink value and so on,compared with the Fuding Dabaicha which was most cultivation in guizhou province.The results showed the all ea camellias’ Water extract and caffeine content had no significant difference but the amino acid content were significant low,to Fuding Dabaicha. Overall,all the tea camellias in southwest guizhou province had low amino acid content but high caffeine and tea polyphones’ content,and the phenol/animo value were over8.So their adaptability were to make black tea and the direct cultivation value were low,but they could use as high caffeine or high tea polyphenols breeding tea varity.

  Functions of Rural Hedgerow Landscape in the West Country 2012, 28 (19):  290-296.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0799 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 1154768KB )   ( 651 ) Hedgerows are significant parts of rural landscape, however, the hedgerows, in nowadays rural construction, have been serious destroyed, which has a strong impact not only on rural ecosystem, but also on rural culture landscape. On the basis of the analysis of historical context of the rural hedgerows, in this paper, the soft and hard values i.e. the cultural and ecological values of the rural hedgerows landscape are rediscovered. In the end, the reuse of values of the rural hedgerows are illustrated in accordance with the concept of ecological corridor by a case of Hudson Farm in south U.S..

  Study on Introduction and Cultivation Research of Color-leaf Plants in Beijing 2012, 28 (19):  297-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2570 Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 623063KB )   ( 799 ) Through the analysis of color-leaf plants research and application present in Beijing, on the basis of extensive investigation, Shaanxi, Henan, Liaoning Province from three new optimal introduction cultivation of colored plants 113 species (and varieties), selects high ornamental value and market outlook 30 kind uses on-the-spot investigation method and the comprehensive evaluation method to key research, for Beijing area were planting and has matured city landscape value of outstanding 23 species of color-leaf plants, and applied to college campus and Beijing urban and rural colorized by forming a colorful landscape, and achieved good social benefits and economic benefits.

  The Construction of Plants Landscape in Tourist Agricultural Gardens——A Case Study of “Five Golden Flowers” in Chengdu 2012, 28 (19):  303-310.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0156 Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 719204KB )   ( 799 ) This article took examples on the case of Chengdu “Five Golden Flowers” tourist agricultural gardens. The plants landscape of 44 samples were studied by typical sample plot method. It analyzed plant composition, seasonal characteristics, community structure and disposition form of plants landscape. The results indicated that Chengdu “Five Golden Flowers” tourist agricultural gardens had a rich biological diversity of plant species. The high frequency of plants in the gardens only focused on few species, resulting in diverse communities’ composition. Meanwhile, the plants landscape displayed different seasonal characteristics by means of appropriate plant planning. A majority of trees were growing and the same species was different specifications, the plant landscapes would make significant changes in future. There was multilayer structure with trees, shrubs and herbs in most communities, these communities had good landscape functions and ecological benefits. Moreover, suggestions were provided for the construction of plants landscape in tourist agricultural gardens.

  Investigation and Analysis of Garden Plant Arthropod Community Species Composition Diversity in Daqing 2012, 28 (19):  311-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0437 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 564639KB )   ( 694 ) To achieve comprehensive management of garden plants insect pests. The study investigated the community diversity of arthropod on the garden plants in Daqing. The investigation find there were 105 arthropods species belongs to 49 families in10 orders of 2 classes. Herbivorous arthropods which have 6 orders 31 families 54 species, the largest proportion of coleoptera species. Natural enemy taxa have 6 orders 12 families 38 species, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae accounted for the greatest share. Neutral insects have 2 orders 7 families 13 species, the largest proportion of Diptera species. The top species and median abundance lower than the base species abundance of arthropod. The relatively large fluctuations of diversity of nutrition layer, There was little change in the species evenness.