Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.20 Published:15 July 2012

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  The Advance in Research on Transgenic Animal Technical Application to the Transgenic Cattle 2012, 28 (20):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0684 Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 615732KB )   ( 1480 ) The article summarized the transgenic animal technology used in transgenic cattle research, such as microinjection, somatic cell nuclear transfer, virus and the more prospects technology such as ZFN, TALEN and iPS. Reviewed the progress of transgenic cattle research in Domestic and foreign, and the application of transgenic cattle research in mammary bioreactor, breeding for disease resistance and breeding improvement. Finally, transgenic cattle breeding problems and future development trends were discussed to improve the research of transgenic cattle.

  Compensatory Growth and Grazing-tolerance of 4 Major Plant Species in Alpine Kobresia humilis Meadow 2012, 28 (20):  7-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0528 Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 956137KB )   ( 777 ) In order to reveal the compensatory mechanism and grazing-tolerance ability of the 4 species plants at the Haibei Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiment used a split-pot design with clipping treatment on the whole plot (stubbled 1 cm, 3 cm and unclipped control) and both fertilizer (fertilized and unfertilized Urea+DAP) and water (watered and unwatered) treatments in subplots. Our objectives were to examine how the compensatory growth of Elymus nutans, Stipa aliena, Kobresia humilis and Carex scabrirostris (including compensatory height, ramet density, compensatory abovegroud biomass per ramet and relative growth rate (RGR) varies with different levels of clipping, fertilizing and watering. The results showed that the responses of compensatory height and compensatory abovegroud biomass to clipping were more sensitive for the two Gramineous plants than the two Cyperaceae plants. Ramet density of S. aliena, K. humilis and C. scabrirostris were appeared overcompensatory after defoliation damage. RGR of ramet height of the 4 species were increased by clipping treatment; RGR of compensatory biomass were different among species. The order of the tolerance ability of they was K. humilis>C. scabrirostris>E. nutans>S. aliena. Fertilizing can induce obvious increasing in compensatory height, compensatory biomass, RGR of ramet height and tolerance to grazing for the 4 species. It was suggested that the grazing-tolerance of the 4 species plants depended on the resource availability in soil in alpine meadow.

  Revision of the Scientific Name on Subspecies of Apis cerana F. in China and Studies on Biogeography 2012, 28 (20):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3091 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 2681866KB )   ( 755 ) For the development of apiculture of China, it need to be defined the approved subspecies and geographic populations of Apis cerana F., and present the scientific data to determine the local fine breed of bees. The subspecies were studied with the morphological measurement and molecular data of Apis cerana F.. The results showed that thirteen putative subspecies names (trinomials names) of Apis cerana F. have been established in China since 1944, the trinomials (subspecies) of Apis cerana F., which published since 1970, were not valid under modern ICZN rules, 4th edition, 1999 and according to nomenclatural standing in Apis classification. The morphometric analysis of Apis cerana F. in China showed that the “Chinese Eastern race” belonging to “Apis cerana cerana” and the “South Yunnan race” being “Apis cerana indica”, the “South Yunnan race” and the “Aba race” (Aba cerana) can be discriminated. However, this analysis failed to discriminate among “South Yunnan race” (Apis cerana indica), “Hainan race” (Hainan cerana) and “Tibet race” (Tibet cerana). Molecular analyses revealed that the mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. were the same as that of all sample originated from India, Japan and Korea without variation and belonging to “Mainland Asia” group of Apis cerana. It was approved that there were abundance for mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. in Southern Gansu and Northern Aba area. It could be said certainly that in China the members of “Aba race” (Aba cerana) was existence.

  Effects of Low-protein Premix on Serum Biochemistry Parameter and Amino Acid of Grower Pigs 2012, 28 (20):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0196 Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 568815KB )   ( 792 ) In this part, the effects of low-protein premix on serum biochemistry parameter and amino acid of grower pigs were conducted. 64 grower pigs were randomly allocated to group A, B, C and D. Group A and B diet were added with 4% low-protein diet premix, and group C and D diet were added with 4% common premix. Biochemistry parameter and amino acid of serum from precava were determined. Compared with control group C (normal CP level), serum glucose was increased by 23.06% and 16.33% respectively in group A (normal CP level with addition of EAA) and D (decline of 1.9 percent of CP level, with no addition of essential amino acid (EAA), but decreased by 25.42% in group B (decline of 1.6 percent of CP level, with addition of EAA). All the differences were significant (P<0.05). Serum blood urea nitrogen of group A was higher than in group B and D (P<0.05). Compared with group A, serum lysine and threonine were significantly decreased by 33.4% and 31.6%, 28.7% and 36.5%, 23.5% and 27.2% respectively in group B, C and D (P<0.05). It indicated that when adding EAA to a low-protein diet, the utilization of glucose, lysine and threonine was enhanced, and the trend of improved nitrogen deposition was observed.

  Effect of Different Mixture Proportion of Oat and Common Vetch on Biomass 2012, 28 (20):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1151 Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 623604KB )   ( 784 ) In order to improve the yield of the mixture artificial grassland of oat and vetch. This study was conducted at the Lanzhou scientific observation and experiment field station of ministry of agriculture for ecological system in Loess Plateau Areas. The results showed it was the most suitable mixture that the treatment of Avena sativa cv. Danmark 444 of 50% and Vicia sativa cv. 333/A of 50%, the above-ground biomass, seed yield and the underground biomass from 0-50 cm soil layer were all the highest, above-ground biomass was 22193.33 kg/hm2, seed yield was 4776.67 kg/hm2, underground biomass was 11792.90 kg/hm2, and the difference was significant compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The mixture model had good synergistic effect and could be used for application and extension in the Loess Plateau and the similar area.

  Analysis of Minxinan Black Rabbit’s Meat Quality 2012, 28 (20):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0630 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 590480KB )   ( 1299 ) For the discussion of the characters of meat quality of Fujian local rabbits, Minxinan black rabbit’s meat quality including nutritive composition, amino acid, and fat acid were analyzed. The results showed that, the protein ratio in black rabbit meat were more 6.87%, 4.56%, 6.25% and 3.95% than that in pork, beef, mutton, and chicken. The total amino acid in black rabbit meat was (15.21±1.29)%, and the lysine content was highest in the essential amino acid, and however, the methionine was lowest. Its amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS) showed that, methionine and cysteine were the first limiting amino acids, and valine and isoleucine were the second limiting amino acids.

  Meta-Analysis of Tenderness QTL in Swine 2012, 28 (20):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0297 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1131540KB )   ( 900 ) This study was conducted for the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) related to tenderness to estimate the number and refine the positions of QTL with meta-analysis. Tenderness QTL were collected and projected to the swine linkage map of USDA-MARC 2.0 to establish an integrated map. Meta-QTL was obtained by meta-analysis which reduced the confidence intervals. Positions of candidate genes and meta-QTL obtained in this study were compared to reckon the precision of meta-QTL. With the software BioMercator2.1, 99 tenderness QTL were collected from 23 published papers since 2001 and an integrated map was established. 16 meta-QTL as well as their corresponding markers were obtained. The confidence intervals of meta-QTL, with 8 of which were shrunk more than 50% and 6 of which were less than 10 cM, ranged from 2.42 cM to 25.18 cM. The confidence interval of MQTL1 and MQTL2 was only 2.42 cM and 3.22 cM, and was merged with 9 and 20 initial QTL, respectively. Projected to the integrated map, the position of FABP3, MYPN and ANK1 gene was in the confidence interval of MQTL5, MQTL12 and MQTL16. These results could lead to more precise QTL position estimates, and offered a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in swine.

  Correlation Analysis between Polymorphism of ESR Gene and Laying Performance in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken 2012, 28 (20):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0371 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 768432KB )   ( 790 ) The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between polymorphism of flanking sequence of ESR gene and laying performance of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens, providing the theoretical foundation for selection of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens. Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens were used to analyze 5’ flanking sequence of ESR gene by PCR-SSCP method. The results showed that ESR was consisted of three genotypes (CC, CD and DD) and frequencies of the three genotypes were 0.245, 0.335 and 0.42 respectively. Frequencies of C gene and D gene were 0.4125 and 0.5875 respectively. Egg number and ratio of feed and egg of chickens with CC genotype were significantly higher than those of CD and DD genotype (P<0.05). There were no significantly differences in age and body weigh at first laying, laying peak and egg weight among the three genotypes (P>0.05). In conclusion, CC genotype of ESR could significantly affect laying performance of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens, however, it needs further study to confirm that ESR gene could be used as the important theoretical basis for selection of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens.

  The Effects of Bufonis Parenteral on Immunity Effect of Newcastale Disease Vaccine 2012, 28 (20):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0283 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 751049KB )   ( 794 ) In order to study the effects of Bufonis parenteral on immunity effect of Newcastale disease vaccine, 240 one-day-old healthy chickens were randomly divided into control group and treatment group (low dosage groups, medium dosage groups and high dosage groups), each group had 60 chickens. The different concentration combining usage of Bufonis parenteral solutions and Newcastale disease vaccine were selected as the treatment group. At the 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th and 56th day, using β-micromethod, tested ND-HI antibody in the serum; using MTT method, tested peripheral blood T-cell absorbance; using the method of weighing body weight and immune organ weight, tested immune organs index. The results showed that the ND-HI antibody level, peripheral blood T-cell transformation, thymus index, bursal index and spleen index of Bufonis parenteral groups were improved to varying degrees comparing to control group. The results indicated that Bufonis parenteral could improved the body humoral immune and cellular immune level, thus enhance Newcastle disease vaccine immune effect.

  The Influence of Subinhibitory Concentration of Ethanol Extracts from Houttuyniae cordata on α-toxin Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus 2012, 28 (20):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0348 Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 778888KB )   ( 757 ) n this paper, we have determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ethanol extracts from Houttuyniae cordata for staphylococcus aureus and hemolysis assay, western-blot, real-time RT-PCR and cytotoxicity assay were further employed to elucidate the antimicrobial activity of this extract against S. aureus and the influence of subinhibitory concentration of this extract on α-toxin production. The MICs of ethanol extracts from Houttuyniae cordata for 9 S. aureus strains were ranged from 16 to 64 mg/mL. Subinhibitory concentration of ethanol extracts from Houttuyniae cordata reduced the production of α-toxin by S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, 0.16 mg/mL of ethanol extracts from Houttuyniae cordata completely suppresses the production of α-toxin. This study might provided a new strategy for anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection.

  Effects of Forsythoside on Cell Functions of RAW 264.7 Stimulated by LPS 2012, 28 (20):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0656 Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 736975KB )   ( 1275 ) To investigate the effects of Forsythoside (FS) on proliferation, NO secretion, TNF-α secretion and phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. RAW 264.7 cells in the logarithmic phase were collected and cultured in RPMI1 640 containing 10% fetal blood serum in vitro and the stimulant Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Different FS concentrations of 40, 80, 160 μg/mL were added individually in culture medium. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT, ELISA and Griess methods were detected TNF-α and NO levels, and cell phagocytosis were analyzed by staining. The results showed that low and medium dose of FS could significantly promoted RAW 264.7 cell proliferation, and the proliferation of cells stimulated by LPS was alleviated at medium and high dose of FS. Compared with LPS group, NO level secreted from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with FS had not significant effect, but cells secretion of TNF-α was markedly promoted by high dose of FS. FS could enhanced macrophage phagocytosis to chicken red blood cells. FS might had an impact on proliferation, NO and TNF-a secretion, and phagocytic ability of RAW 264.7 cells, which might be one of mechanisms of FS to regulate cellular immune function.

  Effects of Chinese Herb Feed Additives on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Meat Quality of Broilers Li Wanjun 2012, 28 (20):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0172 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 559050KB )   ( 701 ) This trial was conducted to study the effect of Chinese herb feed additives on serum biochemical parameters and meat quality of broilers. 96 1-day-old healthy broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups with one way random design. Treatment were added with Chinese herb feed additives in the basal diet. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, dietary supplementation of complex Chinese medical herbs significantly increased the level of HDL (P <0.05) but did not affected the level of TG, TC and LDL of broilers (P >0.05); (2) Compared with the control, dietary supplementation of complex Chinese medical herbs increased lipid content of breast muscle but reduced lipid content of leg muscle and the abdominal fat percentage (P > 0.05); (3) Compared with the control, dietary supplementation of complex Chinese medical herbs increased pH value and reduced drip loss of meat (P <0.05). It was concluded that adding Chinese herb feed additives to diet could regulate lipid metabolism, improve meat quality and naked body fatty deposition of broilers.

  Observation and Research on the Efficacy of Ivermectin of Long-term Yilijia against Sarcoptidosis Fections in Liaoning Cashmere Goats 2012, 28 (20):  67-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0736 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 651743KB )   ( 662 ) To evaluate the treatment effect and safety assessment of Ivermectin of long-term Yilijia parenteral solution to Liaoning cashmere goats scabies, and find a scientific and effective method to prevent and cure the Liaoning cashmere goats scabies. Divide 36 Liaoning Cashmere goats suffering from scabies randomly into three groups, each of which contained three pregnant ewes, Group 1 was injected subcutaneously of long-term Yilijia parenteral solution with the conventional dose (0.02 mL/kg body weight). Group was injected subcutaneously with the double dose (0.04 mL/kg body weight). Group 3 was for the control group. Observe the drive governance and side effects within 28 days after injection. Scrape and check the samples and add up the driving rate on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection. The results showed that: the driving rate of group 1 and group 2 on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection were both up to 100%, clinical symptoms of recovery of group 2 was slightly better than group 1 Goats of group 1 and group 2 did not have any adverse reactions, pregnant ewe and lambs were normal. Long-term Yilijia has significant effect on Sarcopidosis of Liaoning Cashmere Goats and was very safe and the best dosage is 0.02 mL/kg.

  Effects of Inoculation Amount and C/N on Anaerobic Fermentation of the Diary Manure in Producing Biogases 2012, 28 (20):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3914 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 892866KB )   ( 783 ) To find out the effect of inoculation amount and C/N on anaerobic fermentation of the diary manure, the variations of productions of biogases, content of CH4 and H2S during the anaerobic fermentation of diary manure were studied under the inoculation amount of 10% and 20%，and C/N of 25:1, 27:1, 29:1 by regulated with vinasse respectively. The results showed that in the inoculation amount of 10% to 20%, start-up rate, biogas yield, methane gas yield and hydrogen sulfide gas yield increased with inoculation amount increasing, the peak time of biogas production was the same as methane production in different inoculation amount, of about the tenth day. The highest biogas yield and methane gas yield was in the C/N of 27:1, next was in C/N of 29:1 and C/N of 25:1, which illustrated that anaerobic fermentation performance has been promoted by higher C/N with vinasse. The variation of average content level of CH4 was the same as that of H2S, average content level of H2S was high when that of CH4 was high. To sum up, in this experiment the optimal conditions for anaerobic fermentation of diary manure were inoculation amount of 20% and C/N of 25:1, with the biogas yield and methane gas yield of 44.3 L/kg and 24.09 L/kg.

  Sequence Analysis and Prokaryotic Expression on P97-R1 gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 2012, 28 (20):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1385 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 854298KB )   ( 850 ) To express P97-R1 gene on Z strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for the exploration of possibility of use as a diagnostic antigen, a pair of primers were designed according to the online database of P97 genes of Mhp232 on GenBank, a strain of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and subsequently contributed to the successful amplification of interest segments using the genomic DNA of Z strains of Mhp as templates by PCR. P97-R1 gene was ligated with T-easy, sequenced and was used to transform competent E. coli Rosetta .The results was compared with 232 referential strains. It was revealed that there were many sites of mutations in the P97-R1. There were 11 5-aa repeats in that of the Z strain ,15 5-aa repeats in the P97-R1 region of the 232 strains as analyzed by DNAstar software. Speculated that differences in repeat sequence R1 may be the reasons of the strain was strong or weak. Synthesized products were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and 30 KD proteins of the P97-R1 was detected. The reactionogenicity was then verified by Western-blotting. This work laid a foundation for the diagnosis, prevention Mhp and further research the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

  Development of a Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay 2012, 28 (20):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3379 Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 1616062KB )   ( 883 ) A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for detection of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV); According to the sequences of IBV in GenBank, six primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the detection limit of this RT-LAMP method was 10 fg, whereas that of RT-PCR was 1 pg, suggesting the LAMP method was much more sensitive than the RT-PCR methods for IBV detection, the LAMP method for IBV detection was more convenient, rapid, specific and sensitive than the RT-PCR, the assay was performed in water bath within 1 h. Therefore, it was very suitable for detection in the field condition that would provide a novel rapid detection approach for IBV infection.

  Construction of Eukaryotic Expressing Vector of SLAM Gene and its Transient Expression in Vero Cell 2012, 28 (20):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0213 Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 708278KB )   ( 693 ) To elucidate the character and functions of cellular receptors of canine distemper virus, the gene SLAM of canine distemper virus’s open reading frame (ORF) was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1(+) to generate the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/SLAM. The pureed plasmid was transected into Vero cells in vitro with Lipofectamine 2000. The transient expression of the SLAM protein was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot assay. The results showed that the eukaryotic expression vectors of canine SLAM gene were constructed successfully. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot assay confirmed that the protein SLAM was expression in Vero cell. Recombinant SLAM was successfully expressed, which laid foundation for further research on the stable express of SLAM gene in Vero.

  Studies on Changes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for Shape and Activity under the Condition of Hypertonic Solution 2012, 28 (20):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3872 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 1493717KB )   ( 777 ) The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hypertonic solution on the morphology, size, and dynamic of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp). With a final concentration of 1.8% NaCl, Mhp was stimulated for 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 6 min, 8 min. Then these samples were analyzed by dyeing microscopic examination, particle size analyzer, CCU determination and PCR, respectively. The results showed that the morphology and size of Mhp had changed, such as shrinkage and round, smaller diameter, number of bacteria decreases rapidly, or even disappear, after which Mhp was effected for 2 min. CCU was reduced, and observation time was extended. The target band could be amplified for samples of Mhp. Therefore, it was concluded that the morphology and size had changed when Mhp were stimulated with a final concentration of 1.8% NaCl for 1~6 min, but they also have activity. Moreover, this study would also provided reference data for studing a new immunization route of Swine Mycoplasma Pneumonia vaccine and the blood circulation for Mhp by intramuscular injection.

  Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Cap and Rep Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type Ⅱ and Expression in E.coli BL21 2012, 28 (20):  98-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1656 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 883030KB )   ( 838 ) In order to develop effective detection methods and prepare monoclonal antibody of porcine circovirus type Ⅱ , Cap and Rep genes of porcine circovirus type Ⅱ were amplified and cloned into pMD18-Tsimple vector. And the genes were sequenced. Then Cap and Rep genes were sub-cloned into pACYCDuet-1 vector to generate three prokaryotic expression plasmids named pACYCDuet-1-Cap, pACYCDuet-1-Rep, and pACYCDuet-1-Rep -Cap. The plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and expressed. The results of Western-blotting showed that the two proteins were expressed successfully in E.coli BL21 (DE3). Furthermore, plasmid for coexpression of two proteins expressed better than the other two plasmids.

  Distribution of Kisspeptin in the Hypothalamus of Prepubertal Ewe 2012, 28 (20):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1197 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 648029KB )   ( 813 ) The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus of prepubertal ewe. Three female 3 months aged small-tailed-han-sheep were killed, then hypothalamus were collected and then frozen sections were made for immunohistochemical analysis of distribution of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus. The results showed that kisspeptin-immune response (kisspeptin-IR) cells were located predominantly in the arcuate nucleus. Kisspeptin-IR cells were also localized to the periventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, posterior nucleus and lateral nucleus of mammillary body in the hypothalamus. The results indicated that kisspeptin were located predominantly in the arcuate nucleus, which was significantly different from that of rodents.

  The Current Status and Trend of Sino-US Fishery Cooperation: A Bibliometric Analysis 2012, 28 (20):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3934 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 971678KB )   ( 704 ) Based on Sino-US co-authored articles collected by science citation index expanded database (SCI-EXPANDED), this paper elaborated the general pattern and main characteristics of Sino-US international collaboration in fisheries from 1980 to 2010. Comprehensive analysis and comparison were made from the perspectives of the amount of papers, research subjects, the institutions, authors, in order to reveal the current state of Sino-us fishery cooperation and its future prospects, with a general aim to provide scientific reference for future policy and countermeasures formation and development in fishery international cooperation.

  Analysis on the export competitiveness of China’s cultured large yellow croaker 2012, 28 (20):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0819 Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 618294KB )   ( 1078 ) Based on the description of the present situation on the export of China's large yellow croaker, this paper reveals the basic characteristics of the large yellow croaker export markets: as a result of the concentrated areas of cultured large yellow croaker, the export provinces are concentrated and face with serious trade barriers. Through the use of export competitiveness index, this article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several export provinces of the large yellow croaker. And put forward suggestions as actively looking for new ways of export, expanding the export market, enhancing the diversification of export products and reasonably avoiding barriers, in order to realize the steady growth on export profits of large yellow croaker.

  Comparison of Development and Growth of the F1 and F2 Hybrids Between the Peruvian and Bay Scallop 2012, 28 (20):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1178 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 845525KB )   ( 785 ) Two F1 (HZ and ZH) and one F2 hybrid cohorts between the Peruvian scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, and the bay scallop, A. irradians irradians were constructed and compared with their inbred cohorts (HH and ZZ) for the further study of the hybrid heterosis. The results showed that the fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival rate of F2, ZH and HZ were higher than those of ZZ and HH, although the initial D-larvae shell height of F2 was significantly smaller than those of F1 cohorts. At harvest, the shell height, body weight and adductor muscle weight of F2 cohorts were smaller than F1 cohorts but significantly larger than inbred cohorts. It was thus possible to select strains with improved performance from hybrids.

  Genetic Structure of Japanese Scallop Population (Patinopecten yessoensis) and Correlation of Microsatellite DNA Markers with Growth Traits 2012, 28 (20):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0242 Abstract + ( 1286 )   PDF ( 1032479KB )   ( 757 ) This study aims to analyze the genetic structure and screen the markers associated with growth by the microsatellite technology. The genetic structure of one breeding population of Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) was analyzed using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The results showed that a total of 60 alleles were detected for 19 loci, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4. The average effective number of alleles was 3.26; observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.2952 and 0.6352, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content was 0.5671. The probability value of Chi-square test showed that more than half of the 19 loci have significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). The SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the effect of these 19 microsatellites on body weight, shell length, width and height. Results indicated that DQ679223 had a significant impact on shell width; EF056526 had a significant impact on body weight, shell length, width and height; DQ221720 had a significant impact on body weight shell width and height, FJ262409 had a significant impact on body weight. The results show that the genetic diversity of this population was high, what’s more, the markers related with the growth can be used to assist the breeding and improve the efficiency.

  Inter-specific Hybridization Between Argopecten purpuratus and Argopecten irradians concentricus 2012, 28 (20):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1724 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 808329KB )   ( 783 ) To solve the problems of Argopecten irradians concentricus breeding process, the inter-specific hybridization was used to meliorate its germplasm. Inbred Argopecten purpuratus (Z) and Argopecten irradians concentricus (M) cohorts and their reciprocal crossbred cohorts were constructed and their morphological parameters were measured and analysed. The results showed that each cohort’s rate of fertilization and hatchability were above 90%, and MZ had the highest fertilization, MM had the highest hatchability. In the larval and adult stage, the growth speed of hybrid cohort (MZ) was greater than the inbred cohorts (MM and ZZ). In the larval stage, the daily growth rates of shell height and shell length were 6.58 μm/d and 6.67 μm/d. In the adult stage, the daily growth rates of shell height, shell length and whole weight were 0.33 mm/d, 0.36 mm/d and 0.23 g/d. The average shell height, shell length and whole weight of the hybrids were 24.65%, 27.40% and 85.14% larger than that of the pure-bred bay scallops, indicating a significant heterosis in the hybrids.

  Correlation and Path Analysis on Shell Length and Shell Height to Wet Weight of Chlamys Farreri at One-year Old 2012, 28 (20):  136-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0895 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 583899KB )   ( 732 ) To clarify correlation among quantitative traits and compositions influencing wet weight and the ratio of influence, the shell length, shell height and wet weight of 675 individuals that produced in the spring were measured during six months. The correlation coefficient matrix, path coefficient and determination coefficient of was calculated with path analysis. The shell length, shell height was used as the independent variables and wet weight was used as the dependent various for path analysis. The results showed that the correlation coefficient matrix between shell character and wet weight were all very significantly different (P<0.01). Shell length gave predominant direct effect (P1=0.867) on the wet weight, it is the key effective factor. Shell height gave slightly direct effect (P2=0.080) and significant indirect effect (0.862) through shell height on the wet weight. The multiple correlation matrix between shell length, shell height and wet weight was R2=0.897. The multiple regression equation relating the wet weight was W=-0.842+0.099SL+0.009SH. The results provided a theoretical basis for selective breeding in C. Farreri, that was shell height should be firstly selected and shell length should be simultaneously selected in order to improve wet weight.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of a G Protein Coupled Receptor (DrGPCR) From Danio rerioDong Chaohua 2012, 28 (20):  140-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1678 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 6312065KB )   ( 824 ) To explore the structure and function of G protein couple receptors in teleost, a new gene encoding G protein couple receptor were cloned and characterized from zebrafish Danio rerio, and designated as DrGPCR. The full-length cDNA sequence of DrGPCR was 2251 bp containing an 1170 bp of ORF and encoding 389 amino acid residues. SMATR analysis showed that DrGPCR contains seven transmembrane domains, suggesting that it was a membrane protein. BLAST analysis against non-redundant protein database indicated that DrGPCR exhibit high amino acid sequence identity to FMRFamide receptor of invertebrate and GPCR139 or GPCR142 of vertebrates. Moreover, 3D model of DrGPCR was highly similar to that of GPR139 from Homo sapiens. Sequence analysis and structural feature indicated that DrGPCR is a member of GPCR family. Phylogenetic analysis with neighbor joining method indicated that DrGPCR belongs to rhodopsin subgroup. The expression of DrGPCR was examined in various tissues with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The highest expression of DrGPCR was observed in brain and hepatopancreas. The results all together suggested that DrGPCR might play a role in neuromodulation or immunity.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptide Hepcidin from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 2012, 28 (20):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0859 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 1359794KB )   ( 790 ) The cDNA sequence of Hepcidin (hepatic bactericidal protein), an antimicrobial peptide and iron regulatory molecule primarily expressed in liver, were cloned and analysed. A full-length cDNA sequence of Hepcidin from rainbow trout (GenBank accession number: HQ711993) was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE and then analysed by bioinformatics software. The results showed that the length of Hepcidin cDNA was 883 bp with a CDS ranging from 212th to 475th bp, which encoded a peptide of 88 amino acids. The preprotide contained a signal peptide (24 amino acids), a prodomain (39 amino acids) and a mature peptide (25 amino acids). The 25-residue Hepcidin mature peptide included 8conserved cyseine residues which were predicted to form 4 intramolecular disulfide bonds. The deduced amino acid sequence of Hepcidin from rainbow trout shared 93% identity with those from Salmo salar and 44%~88% identity with those from other fishes. Hepcidin cDNA from Oncorhynchus mykiss was a new member of the Hepcidin gene family.

  Isolation and Identification of marine strain Producing Proteases and Optimization of Culture Conditions 2012, 28 (20):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3668 Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 954825KB )   ( 924 ) The aim was to obtain strain producing high protease and apply it in aquiculture widely. A protease producing marine strain ZR-Pw was isolated from Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao. The strains were identified by colony morphology, morphological characteristics, Gram staining and partial 16S rDNA gene sequence. It was added into fermentation culture medium. Then time course of growth and time course of protease activity were determined. Optimum temperature and pH were determined. The results showed that strain ZR-Pw was a member of Bacillus licheniformis. When ZR-Pw was cultured for 18 h, bacteria growth mass reached the maximum. When ZR-Pw was cultured for 24 h, yield of enzyme reached the maximum. The maximum protease activity was reached at 35℃ and pH 8.0. The experiments could provided basis for applying the strain producing protease in the production.

  Analysis of the Relation between the Evolution of Industrial Structure and Economic Growth at Six Provinces in Central China 2012, 28 (20):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0385 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 640412KB )   ( 847 ) Based on the research of the statistical figures in the years of 1995-2009,this article uses Shift-Share Method model to study the relation between the evolution of industrial structure and regional economic growth in the midest of China, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing the industrial structure and promoting regional economy development of central China. The result shows that : 1. the evolutional tendency of industrial structure in central China obeys the general rule of industrial structure evolution.2. the evolution of industrial structure in central China that affects the economic growth can be divided into types as follows: the shift-share of the industrial structure poses negative, and the shift-share model of competitiveness poses negative such as Jiangxi,Anhui; the shift-share of the industrial structure poses positive, and the shift-share model of competitiveness poses negative such as Shanxi,Henan; the shift-share of the industrial structure poses negative, and the shift-share model of competitiveness poses positive such as Hubei,Hunan. 3. the evolution of industrial structure affects greatly the development of the every provinces’ economy of central China.

  The Research on Construction of Agricultural Modernization of All planning of Urbanization Industrialization and Agricultural Modernization in Jilin Province 2012, 28 (20):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3695 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 695828KB )   ( 877 ) In the context of all planning of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, based on factor analysis, using employment proportion of primary industry, food land productivity, total power of agricultural machinery in every unit of cultivated land, the effective irrigation rate, electricity consumption in every unit of land, the proportion of primary industry for the study factors, compared with horizontal analysis and vertical analysis on the status of the agricultural modernization in Jilin province in order to conclude the degree of agricultural modernization; determining the factors that affect agricultural modernization in Jilin Province by regression analysis ,and then gives some suitable suggestions.

  RESOURCE ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND ITS VARIATION CHARIATION IN SONG LIAO BASIN OF CHINA 2012, 28 (20):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0440 Abstract + ( 1133 )   PDF ( 1303584KB )   ( 777 ) People regard food as their prime want. Food is a very important strategic resource, food safety is related to national security. Song liao basin is the important commissariat basin in China, assuming national food production.The article is based on the grain production data at Song liao basin in 1986-2008, uses the non-parametric malnquist method, analyzes allocative efficiency of resources at song liao basin, variation characteristics and the main restriction factors. The results show that input factor has not been fully utilized, technical efficiency change rate is relatively low and that scale efficiency is the restrictive factor from corn production resource allocative efficiency. So The measures should be as follows: 1)to advance technical progress to raise technical progress rate of gain produce, 2) to normative the behavior of land sublease and to Accelerate the transfer of rural labor force，to raise the productivity and the allocative efficiency of grain resources, that food security is guaranted ultimately.

  Analysis of Characteristics of Agricultural Environmental Standard in China 2012, 28 (20):  177-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3177 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 559545KB )   ( 841 ) Agricultural environmental standard is of great significance to the quality of planting agricultural products. The classification of planting agricultural products, the standards, environmental air quality, irrigation water, soil environmental quality were analyzed in this paper. The basic characteristics of agricultural environmental standard of plant industry in environmental standard were concluded. And the problems in agricultural environmental standard were pointed out.

  The Construction of the Tourism Development System of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Blacksoil of Coldland Based on RMP Mode ---Suihua City as the Example 2012, 28 (20):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3752 Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 604021KB )   ( 732 ) For the sake of the realization of persistent development for the resources of intangible cultural heritage of black soil of cold land and the exaltation of integrated competitive power for tourism resources of intangible cultural heritage, the thesis attempted the conceive of establishing protected development work framework of intangible cultural heritage for tourism and it explores the development and protected mode which is suitable for the tourism resources oneself point of intangible cultural heritage of black soil of cold land. Based on the BMP analysis mode, the thesis evaluated and analyzed the tourism in Suihua systematically from three aspects as following: the resources, the market and the product of the intangible cultural heritage of black soil of cold land in Suihua. Then, a series of development modes has been brought forward for the tourism exploitation of intangible cultural heritage in Suihua, for instance, protection came first, cultivated subsequent talents for the intangible cultural heritage, integrated cultural resources, gave prominence to cultural features, planed favorable tourism line of intangible cultural heritage in Suihua and so on.

  Jokhang Scenic Spot bearing capacity evaluation index system Construction 2012, 28 (20):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0330 Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 717521KB )   ( 863 ) On the analysis of the concept of tourist environmental bearing capacity and scenic spot bearing capacity index system, and on the basis of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) construct the bearing capacity of the Jokhang temple scenic spot evaluation index system, through the quantitative calculation, pointed out that the scenic area at present the bearing capacity of the present situation and restriction factor, The result indicated: Restricts Jokhang Monastery to travel the development major indexes is the scenic area space.for the jokhang temple scenic spot of tourist environmental bearing capacity control to provide the theory basis.

  Studies on Promoting effect of National Science Popularization Exemplary Counties (Cities/Districts) to Agricultural Technology Extension System 2012, 28 (20):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0561 Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 658016KB )   ( 801 ) Agricultural technology extension is an effective way for solving the “three agricultures” problems. The activity of founding National Science Popularization Exemplary Counties (Cities/Districts) with the aim of promoting Citizens’Scientific Literacy and advocating the sustainable development in the county level has lasted for more than 10 years and accumulated a lot of experience on agricultural technology extension. With the view of Science Communication, this paper analyzed the promotion effect of National Science Popularization Exemplary Counties (Cities/Districts) to agricultural technology extension and made policy suggestions on how to exert the exemplary role to other districts.

  Research on Regional Differentiation Law of Rural House’ Function 2012, 28 (20):  198-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3550 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 603847KB )   ( 809 ) This paper discussed the regional differentiation law of rural house and its effects on rural housing land use. In the basis of rural household survey and analysis of historical development for rural house’ function, it was found that the function and form of rural house was dissimilar in different development phase. The results showed that the main feature of rural house was possessing the function of both producing and living at present whose formation was strongly connected with the social and economic development especially for small-peasant economy. Due to the unbalanced development of regional economy and the deepening of professional division, the function combining degree of producing and living varied from different regions. Along with the increase of social and economic development, the producing function of rural house will be weaken and the rural housing land use would be intensified. In addition, the ratio of producing area to living area in rural housing land showed significant linear relationship with rural housing area which could be utilized to calculate the standard of rural housing area.

  Driving Force of Rural Residential Land Change Research 2012, 28 (20):  204-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0146 Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 993671KB )   ( 710 )

  The research on the prices of agricultural production fluctuation features based on the ARCH model 2012, 28 (20):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0503 Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 940036KB )   ( 863 ) By using of ARCH models,this article has analyze the fluctuation features of the prices of agricultural production.The Conclusion include: the prices of agricultural production has long memory in volatility in features; the market market does not exist the high-risk high-return and non-symmetrical effect. Accordingly recommendations: enhance the Government regulation and control, improve the market system and deepen reserve system.

  Empirical Analyses of Relationship Lending in Farmer’s Fund Cooperation Society 2012, 28 (20):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3637 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 562613KB )   ( 794 ) Relationship lending mainly based on soft information was used by financial institutions when the borrower lack of hard information such as audited financial statements, credit score, qualified collateral et al. It was crucial to farmer’s credit availability that weather the new rural financial institutions apply relationship lending technology. The aim of this paper was to explore the impact of banking relationship and its length, as proxies of soft information, on farmer borrowing from the farmer’s fund cooperation. The results of ordered logistic regression model and OLS model showed that the farmer with banking relationship was easier to access to credit than ones with no banking relationship, and the longer the banking relationship was the more credit were attained during the 2005—2007. So the business relationship between farmers and cooperative organizations would be beneficial to increase the farmers’ credit availability and ease the difficulty in rural financing.

  The Analysis The Education and Training Needs of The New Generationof Migrant Workers of Luxi Area 2012, 28 (20):  221-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3780 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 511236KB )   ( 663 ) The essence shortage of migrant workers is shortage of skilled workers. there are about 60% new generation of migrant workers of the migrant workers. Luxi area is an area of labor output. For understanding the education and training needs of new generation of migrant workers, we investigated the new generation of migrant workers of luxi area about the training will, who pay the training cost, training content, choose what time and place is suitable, training mode.

  Empirical Analysis on Influence Factors of Farmers’Income in henan 2012, 28 (20):  226-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0540 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 759441KB )   ( 776 ) In recent years，farmers’income has increased slowly，but gap between farmers’income and urban resi-dents’is getting wider and wider，which has already been an important issue that henan is facing in constructing a well －off society. The multiple cointegration system constructed with 1995-2010’s annual data depicts our present rural economy better. it’s discovered that the above five factors all have great influence on farmers’income increase，but with different degree，among which number of average education years has the greatest influence，while the urbanization level has the minimum influence. Some policy proposals have been put forward for promoting farmers’income increase．

  Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Soil Nutrients in Cultivated Land Fertility Evaluation 2012, 28 (20):  230-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3348 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 6708243KB )   ( 625 ) Farmland is an important resource of agricultural production, and cultivated land fertility evaluation is an important guarantee for quality construction of arable land, soil nutrients interpolation techniques affect the evaluation of farmland accuracy and availability immediately. This paper took data of Licheng County as an example, the City was classified into plain and hilly region based on the landform condition. We analyzed distribution and spatial variation via the sample point data, including organic matter, available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, available zinc and available boron. This paper carried on interpolation of soil nutrients by the model of Inverse Distance Weighted and Ordinary Kriging in Licheng plain and hilly regions. Moreover, we compared the two kinds of interpolation method by the way of cross-validation and comparative analysis. At the same time, compared and analyzed the different interpolation methods based on evaluation results of farmland. In conclusion, both Inverse Distance Weighted and Ordinary Kriging had high precision, Inverse Distance Weighted was the best for interpolation of soil nutrients in hilly region but Ordinary Kriging was suitable for plain. The difference of evaluation results between the two methods for a variety of elements involved in the county farmland was small. Based on the combined principle of practicality and accuracy, Inverse Distance Weighted was the optimal choice of spatial interpolation methods for soil nutrients in cultivated land fertility evaluation.

  Study on Soil Erosion of Yihe Valley Based on RS and GIS 2012, 28 (20):  237-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3627 Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 771856KB )   ( 739 ) In order to effectively assess the non-point source pollution of the Yihe watershed caused by the soil erosion, based on soil erosion classification grade criteria (SL 190-2007), universal soil loss equation (USLE) as a key quantitative evaluation model for soil erosion, was used to precisely calculate the parametric factors of the model based on the remote sensing and GIS. Soil erosion intensity in Yihe Valley was assessed by USLE. The space distribution difference of soil erosion intensity was showed and the influence of vegetation cover to soil erosion was analyzed in this study. The result showed that slight eroded area was 90.1% and the terrain factor was the most important in the few factors. In the mountainous area owing to higher vegetation cover the soil erosion was smaller.

  A Review of the Effects of Steel Slag on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Acidic Soil 2012, 28 (20):  243-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1859 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 616564KB )   ( 923 ) In situ immobilization with amendments was an important method for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, and the selection of cost-effective amendments was the key of this measure. The effects and mechanisms of steel slag, alkaline by product rich silicon, on remediation of heavy metal contaminated acidic soil were mainly expounded in this paper to provide theory reference for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. Firstly, we briefly introduced the research progress of in situ immobilization with amendments. Then the major physic-chemical properties of steel slag, its effects on soil pH and heavy metal phytoavailability were analyzed. Finally, we elaborated the promoting effects of steel slag on plant growth and its enhancement effects on heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of plants enriching silicon. From above analyses, we supposed that the application of steel slag could be a potential strategy to remediate metal contaminated acidic soil by simultaneously modifying the restraint and sequestration processes of heavy metal in both soil and plant.

  Effect of Planting Salt-tolerant Plants on Water-soluble Salt in Coastal Saline Soil 2012, 28 (20):  250-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3071 Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 725305KB )   ( 735 ) Field experiment combined with laboratory analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of salt-tolerant plants in the period of growing season on the water-soluble salt in coastal saline soil. The conductivity meter method and glass electrode method were used to determine the conductivity and the value of pH in soil, respectively. The results showed that four salt-tolerant plants treatments had obvious function of restraining salt accumulation in surface layer. Tamarix chinensis had best effects on restraining the accumulation of soil salinity in surface layer and 0-80 cm layers. The reduced water-soluble salt sequence was T3>T1>T2>T4 on 16th August, 2010. The reduced salt percentage in surface layer which compared with comparison treatment was 72.11%, 52.16%, 40.90%, 23.63%, respectively. The trend of water-soluble salt percentage in surface layer changed from decline to rise with increasing treated time. The reduced water-soluble salt sequence was T3>T2>T1>T4 on 17th December, 2010. The reduced salt percentage in surface layer which compared with comparison treatment was 78.26%, 71.91%, 48.79%, 40.09%, respectively. Although pH in soil increased than that of comparison treatment, planting salt-tolerant plants could effectively restraint the accumulation of soil salinity. Therefore, it should take potential soil alkalization seriously on planting salt-tolerant plants.

  Study on Ecological Risk of Land Use in Urbanization Watershed Based on RS and GIS: A Case Study of Songhua River Watershed in Harbin Section 2012, 28 (20):  255-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3380 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 799666KB )   ( 775 ) The urbanization watershed of Songhua River in Harbin section was as example, using RS and GIS technology, the ecological risk index (ERI) was constructed based on the analysis of land use change and structural characteristics. The spatial distribution and change characteristics of ERI distribution map that obtained using block Kriging from the samplings were analyzed, which to reveal the spatial temporal evolution characteristics, change rules and formation mechanisms of ecological risk based on land use on the background of urbanization, to reduce the land use risk in greatest extent during urbanization process. The results showed that: the moderate ecological risk level was major and the proportion of high ecological risk was lowest, the change volumes of high and low ecological risk were greatest, the high and extremely high ecological risk was focused on the urban region and Peri-urban transition zone, the region of low and extremely ecological risk was mainly located in forest land with higher vegetation, water bodies, grassland ,shrub land and so on, meanwhile, the transition zone from high to low ecological risk was very obvious, cropland→cultivated land and cropland →forestland were the major transform trajectory for the region of slightly worth and slightly better, the gravity shift volume of extremely low ecological was greatest, while, the high ecological was least, which accounted for 12.31 km and 0.57 km, respectively.

  Study on the Forecast of Wetland Resources Changes in Beijing Based on CA-MARKOV Model 2012, 28 (20):  262-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3361 Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 1634324KB )   ( 1074 ) In order to know the changing situation of Beijing wetland resources nearly 20 years, and the trend features in future, the author used CA-MARKOV model to analyze wetland resources changes in Beijing. The constraint condition, model parameter, transition rules (including research area precipitation, temperature, humidity and DEM) of model were determined based on wetland classification results of 1992, 2002, 2007, 3 remote sensing image data. Step features of 5 years and 15 years were identified , used to predict the 2012 and 2022 spatial-temporal characteristics in wetland of Beijing. The results of this study showed that wetland area of Beijing was total to 48402.8 hm2 in 2012. It was reduced 7.38% from 2007 to 2012, with an average annual reduction rate of 1.47%.The area of wetland was continuing to decline in 2022.

  Analysis of Emergy Structure, Function and Efficiency of Agro-ecosystem in Hunan Province 2012, 28 (20):  270-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0023 Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 701209KB )   ( 746 ) In order to explore the function and efficiency of emergy input-output of Hunan’s agro-ecosystem, and reveal the regional interrelationship among human, natural resources and environment, the author adopted emergy theory as the research method, and did empirical analysis on the emergy structure, function and efficiency of Hunan’s agro-ecosystem by utilizing the input-output data of Hunan agriculture in 2009. The results showed that: (1) Hunan agriculture had characteristics of traditional agricultural production, depended comparatively highly on the labor force and animal power. The contribution of chemical fertilizer on the system was the highest in industrial auxiliary emergy, and the agricultural mechanization level was still low. The proportion of renewable industrial auxiliary energy was also low, so the development potential and prospects of agricultural green energy were comparatively large. The products obtained low prices, which not only neglected the contribution of natural resources and environment, but also reflected the characteristics of short industrial chain and low added value of Hunan agriculture. The emergy output of planting industry and animal industry owned dominated proportion in the agro-ecosystem, while the product prices were lower than those of forestry industry and fishery industry. (2) The results showed characteristics of the system’s function. Though the system did not own a high environmental loading ratio, its carrying capacity of population was overloading. The system’s sustainable development index was 5.96 which not only showed its vitality and development potential, but also showed the undeveloped economy and not high pressure of natural resources and environment. (3) The results also showed characteristics of the system’s efficiency. The emergy input-output of system was slightly lower than the national level in 2009, which showed relatively apparent extensive development characteristics. Therefore, it’s necessary to control the rapid population growth, transfer the rural surplus labor force, further adjust the agricultural structure and product structure, strengthen the development and utilization of agricultural technology, extend the industrial chain and enhance the agricultural mechanization and modernization level, which were the basic policy directions of Hunan Province.

  Analysis of Wind Energy Reserves of Guribanhua Wind Power Field in Tongliao City 2012, 28 (20):  278-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0273 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 759937KB )   ( 694 ) In order to develop wind resources of Horqin sandy land, provide convenience and safety of energy for its management, the author analyzed the wind energy resources based on the data of wind direction and wind speed from weather station of Naimanqi and the wind tower of Guribanhua wind farms, where are the most typical areas of Horqin sandland. The results showed that the annual average wind speed corrected was 4.9, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.3 m/s, of which height of tower at 10, 60, 65, 70, 80 m, respectively. And the corresponding wind power density was 136.5, 315.4, 341.3, 365.6, 382.1 W/m2, respectively. The change rule of intra-annual variation between wind speed and wind power density by monthly was basically identical. Through the above data, there was more rich in wind energy resources, and had fulfilled the requirements of construction a large-scale wind power plant.

  Analysis of the Climate Change and the Impact on Agriculture in Xuancheng, Anhui Province in 2011 2012, 28 (20):  284-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0215 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 824579KB )   ( 638 ) Based on the data of meteorology in Xuancheng in 2011, the climatic characteristics and the impact on agriculture in Xuancheng were analyzed, in order to improve the defense capability of agricultural production for meteorological disasters. The results were as follows: 2011, the average annual precipitation slightly was below normal to normal, beginning of the mei-yu period and of the mei-yu period was early, the average mold rain amount was more than normal years. The annual average temperature was higher than normal years. Days of high temperature was more than normal years. Meteorological disasters caused serious damage to agriculture. However, grain and rape oil yield increased over the previous year, preferences on a normal year for climate.

  Climate change and Its Effect on agriculturalin Xinjiang NongBaShi Reclamation Area 2012, 28 (20):  290-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0322 Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 673835KB )   ( 681 ) Abstract: The paper used climate datas of Nongbashi reclamation area in Xinjiang to analysis climate change and its effect on agricultural production by some statistical means such as application climate trend rate, climate coefficient and so on. It provided reference for sustainable development and disaster prevention and reduction. The results showed that: the temperature was raised obviously and the annual temperature tendency ratio is 0.349℃ in 10 years on average. In the later year, the tendency ratio is 0.446℃in 10 years and in the earlier year is 0.293℃ in 10 years. Rain tended to increase and annual rain tendency ratio is 15.227 mm in 10 years, seasonal rain tendency ratio of crops’growp is 9.186 mm in 10 years and in winter the rain tendency ratio is 4.716 mm in 10 years; the sunshine hours tended to increase slightly, the average annual sunshine duration tendency ratio is 24.861 h in 10 years and the seasonal sunshine duration tendency ratio of crops’growp is 24.035 h in 10 years; In summer is 18.141h in 10 years. Climate warming has increased heat energy in this area and enlarged the plant area of cotton cultivation from west and north.And instability of extreme climate incident and aggravated insect diseases have increased income of disaster prevention for agriculture.Therefore,grasping the rules of climate change, adapt climate change to adjust agricultural production, and lead it to a better way are the bases of good harvest.

  Risk Evaluation for Flood Hazard in Weifang Based on GIS 2012, 28 (20):  295-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0124 Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 2458432KB )   ( 913 ) In order to improve the resilience of the rainstorm and flood disasters, and provide the technical support and decision-making basis for preventing and mitigating rainstorm and flood disasters in Weifang City, based on the digital topographic map of 1:50000 scale, statistic yearbook of 2009 and historical disaster data in Weifang, integrative estimate indexes which affected the flood risk in Weifang, including risk of flood hazard-form factors, sensitivity of flood hazard-breeding circumstance, vulnerability of flood hazard-bear circumstance, and capacity of flood hazard resistant were calculated. Combined the technology of flood risk assessment and GIS, the extent of flood was assessed and graded. And then the flood risk areas zoning map in Weifang was drew. The results showed that, all the areas in Zhucheng and most areas in Gaomi were the highest flood risk regions; most areas in southeast of Anqiu, small areas in northern of Gaomi and southeast of Changle were higher risk regions; the lower and low risk regions were most areas in northern of Changyi, most areas in Shouguang, northern and middle of Weifang and western of Qingzhou; the other areas were medium risk regions.

  Preliminary Analysis on Building Collaborative Platform for 2012, 28 (20):  302-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3475 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 639400KB )   ( 602 ) Natural disaster response is a complex and systematic project. In order to achieve In order to strengthen collaboration of disaster response between the relevant departments of grass-roots government and improve the efficiency of grass-roots disaster response, the author studied to build collaborative disaster response platform of grass-roots government through documentary research, questionnaire survey method, model method and other methods. This study drew the main reasons for the grass-roots collaborative disaster response platform lagged behind were grass-roots computer and internet penetration was low, the low level of knowledge of grass-roots personnel, and grass-roots disaster response information systems lagged behind. In addition, this study presented an idea of building a grass-roots collaborative disaster response platform, and in accordance with the idea to build a model of grass-roots collaborative disaster response platform. In short, building a collaborative disaster response platform could improve efficiency of grass-roots disaster response and reduce the grass-roots disaster losses.

  Evolutionary Game Analysis of Agricultural Residues Resources in China 2012, 28 (20):  307-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3567 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 771491KB )   ( 834 ) The author divided the utilization of agricultural residues resources into high effective utilization and low efficiency utilization, and studied the evolution of agricultural residues utilization using the evolutionary game theory. The research indicated that the income of high effective utilization of agricultural residues resources and input costs played an important role in evolution of agricultural residues utilization. If the income of high effective utilization of agricultural residues resources was greater than the income of low efficiency utilization, the high efficiency utilization of agricultural residues resources would be filled with the entire rural community. Otherwise, the result was opposite. The low efficiency utilization of agricultural residues resources would be filled with the entire rural community.

  Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Effluents of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants 2012, 28 (20):  312-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0263 Abstract + ( 1359 )   PDF ( 597643KB )   ( 784 ) Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater effluents was concerned as an emerging contaminant. To estimate antibiotic resistance of bacteria in effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), antibiotic tolerance, proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and hemi-inhibitory concentrations of six antibiotics (Penicillin, Cefalexin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin and Azithromycin) were determined at two wastewater treatment plants in Chengdu. The results showed that the total bacterial counts decreased along with the increase of antibiotic concentration, and the variations of Penicillin and Cefalexin were relatively higher than that of Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the concentrations of Ampicillin-resistant bacteria were highest to 6.5×104 and 7.2×104 CFU/mL in WWTP-A and WWTP-B, respectively, and the lowest antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentration was also as high as 8.9 CFU/mL. The hemi-inhibitory concentration of Gentamicin was highest in the 6 antibiotics, they were high to 28.1 mg/L and 25.4 mg/L in the two wastewater treatment plants. The data also indicated that the hemi-inhibitory concentrations of the bacteria to 6 antibiotics were much higher than common concentrations of antibiotics in sewages, which suggested that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could exist over a long period in the effluents with low concentrations of antibiotics．Antibiotic-resistant bacteria could be a potential microbial risk during sewage effluent reuse or emission into environmental waters.