Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.21 Published:25 July 2012

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  Advances in Researches on Drought Resistance (DR) Mechanisms and DR Rice Breeding 2012, 28 (21):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3311 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 602614KB )   ( 2006 ) The shortage of water resources is becoming one of the most significant factors inhibiting the development of rice production. Developing drought resistance rice varieties can not only save water in a large degree but also increase and stabilize rice yield, and economize energy. Large amount of researches on drought-responsive genes and QTL mapping provide firm foundation for DR breeding of rice. The paper summarized the impacts of drought on rice growth, drought resistance mechanisms of rice and progress on rice breeding of drought resistance etc., and it will provide valuable reference for further studies and breeding. In the future, much more work should be done in practical application of QTLs for MAS drought resistance breeding, exploration and utilization of elite genetic resource from wild germplasm, root system development and producing highly adapted rice varieties with common breeding techniques and modern biological technologies.

  Research Progress in Physiology and Biochemistry on Maize (Zea mays L.) under Waterlogging 2012, 28 (21):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3797 Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 595865KB )   ( 1155 ) Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic constraints on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). This article reviewed the research about the effect and the response of physiology and biochemistry on maize under waterlogging, as well as the progress of cultivation and tillage technique and genetic improvement on maize by human. Some suggestions were made on research about improve the abilities on maize under waterlogging in the future.

  Research progress in improve soil of Panax Ginseng 2012, 28 (21):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3338 Abstract + ( 1211 )   PDF ( 496989KB )   ( 861 ) Reference to the continuous cropping ground has been bottlenecked for cultivation and industry development of ginseng. In order to provide theoretic basis and reference for improve on ginseng soil, the ginseng soil improvement was reviewed from organic fertilizer, biological agent and rotation. The result showed that improve soil was core technology by increasing fertilizer, adjust soil fertilizer and microbiology community structure. In addition, rotation was the effective of method for ginseng soil improve. The current study of technology safety and effective for ginseng soil improve were very important task in industry development of ginseng.

  Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Two Thermo-sensitive Leaf-color Mutants in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2012, 28 (21):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3813 Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 973951KB )   ( 972 ) In order to explore correlation between rice mutants’ phenotypes and physiological characteristics, we use two thermo-sensitive leaf-color mutants, mr21 and mr06, in rice derived from the same progeny of a rice japonica variety, ‘Jiahua 1’, treated by 60Co-γ radiation were used to investigate the leaf-color, chlorophyll content, their photosynthesis parameters and ultra-structure of chloroplast. Resultantly, under low temperature (20℃), the leaf color of mr21 was yellow and turned green at 32℃, conversely mr06 was green at 20℃ and white at 32℃. Compared with their wild-type parent, ‘Jiahua 1’, the under-developed chloroplasts were observed in mr06 under high temperature (32℃) and in mr21 under low temperature (20℃), respectively, which were coincided with both leaf-color and chlorophyll content. In addition, regardless of low or high temperature, Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ in the two mutants were lower than wild-type parent, which showed that the capture light energy efficiency and conversion efficiency in the two mutants were reduced. Rapid light curves analysis further showed that there are differences between mutant and wild type on the response ability of the light intensity.

  Genetic Analysis for Grain-filling Rate Using the Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2012, 28 (21):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3592 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 638248KB )   ( 732 ) In order to understand relationships between grain filling and other related grain yield traits at gene level and improve grain filling characteristics in rice, this study used quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to research grain-filling rate from a RIL including 130 lines deriving from Milyang 46 and FJCD. This research carried in Wuyishan and Putian, Fujian Province. The results were detected 10 additive QTL in two environments, located in chromosome 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and the contribution rate for phenotype variance were from 0.92% to 24.41%. Among them, qGR-1-4, qGR-2-1, qGR-5-9 and qGR-6-7 existed significant additive × environment interaction effects, manifesting “pleiotropic effects”. Additive effects of qGR-6-7 and qGR-6-8 accounted for 24.41% of the phenotypic variation respectively. Furthermore, additive × environment interaction effect of qGR-6-7 accounted for 9.33% of the phenotypic variation.

  Genetic Analysis of Rice Restorer Gene Locus in Yunnan Landrace 2012, 28 (21):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0392 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 623180KB )   ( 826 ) In hybrid rice breeding, new restore lines breed process should be promoted because of the restriction of the narrow genetic relationship. Yunnan Province, processing unique climate conditions, provided abundant of rice landraces which is the ideal resources for new cytoplasm type restore lines selection. In our research, 61 Yunnan landraces were used for test-crossing, and 6 lines were selected through the fertility restorer ability. Moreover, 5 specific primers which located inside restore gene locus were used for analyzing the genetic diversity of restorer gene locus among them and another 7 restorer lines. The results showed that the amplified bands types were difference among the 6 landraces. When compared to the 7 restorer lines, there was the same amplified band type (MW: 2.8 kb), which means the restorer gene existed in Yunnan landraces had a distant relationship with the restorer lines’ using in rice production. So it could be an efficient measure to exploit new restorer genes and resources from Yunnan rice landraces.

  Study on the Leaf Endogenous Hormone of North Super Rice in Grain Filling Stage Under Water Stress 2012, 28 (21):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0521 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 805340KB )   ( 778 ) The physiological mechanism of drought resistance in the north super japonica rice 'Shennong265' were observed, this study takes the super rice 'Shennong265', and 'Fengjin' which is famous for good quality and taste for materials, with the method of pots cultivating in three levels of soil water potential controlled artificially, well watered (w), moderate water deficit (m), and severe water deficit (s). By varying degrees of water treatment in the grain filling stage to compares the differences of the physiological response. Results showed that, compared with 'Fengjin', moderate stress, in 'Shennong265' the content of chlorophyll was higher 5.03%, the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and endogenous hormone (IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratio were lower 32.4%, 11.41% and 33.33% than 'Fengjin'. Severe stress, in 'Shennong265' the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein were higher 6.38% and 20.2%, the content of soluble sugar and endogenous hormone (IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratio were lower 51.5% and 25%. The results showed that, 'Shennong265' had strong osmotic adjustment ability, severe stress, soluble protein may play a major role, at the same time, 'Shennong265' increased the content of ABA in the relatively high level of (IAA+GA3+ZR), which not only enhancing the ability of adapt to the drought, also delaying the aging, and make it with stronger ability of resistance drought.

  Comparative Study on Triangle System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with Square System of Rice Intensification, Throwing-transplanted Rice and Traditional Cultivation 2012, 28 (21):  38-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1311 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 762966KB )   ( 806 ) The characters of growth and development and the formation of grain yield in triangle SRI were studied in this paper to supply the practice basis in rice production. The triangle SRI with different planting density was compared with square SRI, throwing-transplanted rice and traditional cultivation under different level of nitrogen supplied in order to study the changes of relationship between population and individual of rice, characters of formation and translocation in population source-sink, plant senescence in later growth stage and yield formation characters. The results indicated that, triangle SRI and throwing-transplanted rice harvest was higher than grain yield by increasing more number of effective panicle and decreasing individual quality to some extent, but the triangle SRI with suitable density had more advantage than throwing-transplanted rice and square SRI obviously. Square SRI also obtained high grain yield by improving the individual growth and its yield components if population was enough. Triangle SRI and square SRI with suitable density had bigger LAI, more accumulation of matter, higher export amount and export percentage and translocation percentage of stems and sheaths to panicle than throwing-transplanted rice and traditional cultivation in its late growth period. Triangle SRI and square SRI with suitable density had higher productive potential. The grain yield of high N supplied (225 kg/hm2) was higher by 6.36% than that of medium N supplied (150 kg/hm2). It indicated that, proper increase of N supplied level was favor of higher grain yield for SRI.

  Studies on the Influence and Countermeasures of Drought and Occurrence Rule in Wheat Sowing Time in Huaibei Area 2012, 28 (21):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3646 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 928032KB )   ( 834 ) In order to identify the drought occurrence regularity, the degree of influence in wheat seeding stage of Huaibei area and put forward the countermeasure to deal with, based on an analysis of the precipitation index, the grade of drought disasters index to divide the drought classification in Suzhou City. Through the sliding average method, the Huaibei area wheat seeding stage of drought occurrence frequency, basic rules and distribution were researched. The results showed that, over 2/3 of the years appears drought in seeding stage in Huaibei area, the drought in north central was heavier than the southern part in the 21 century, the drought was serious than before, from north to south the seeding stage drought was heavier than short-term drought. Since 2001, the short-term drought, medium-term drought and autumn and winter continuous arid become more serious. Through the study, the fundamental reasons of the wheat seeding stage drought was lack of precipitation, the serious drought occurring once in 5-year. Based on the effects of 2010-2011 autumn and winter continuous arid on the development of wheat, analysis of the seeding stage drought on the influence degree of wheat in different growth stages, long time of drought would lead severe late effects on yield formation, the average yield would reduced 20%. The best way to defence drought was intensive cultivation and scientific utilization of soil moisture, irrigation before winter begins is conducive to wheat tiller and root growth could safely live through the winter, lay a good foundation for wheat had a higher ears.

  Effects of Tillage Managements in Wheat-maize Whole Season on the Stem and Ear Traits in Summer Maize 2012, 28 (21):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0602 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 529598KB )   ( 808 ) In order to explore the most suitable tillage to reach high and stable yield in summer maize in sub-humid and drought areas in Shandong province, with ten different tillage treatments during wheat-maize whole season, the effects of tillage managements on the stem and ear characteristics and grain yield in summer maize were studied. The results showed that, effect of different tillage managements on plant height and ear height was not significant, but indeed affected stem diameter and coefficient of ear height significantly, among all tillage managements, stem was the thinnest and coefficient of ear height was the highest in CK (rotary tillage at wheat season + direct seeding maize + no straw returning), and the stem diameter was the highest in treatments A1B11, A2B21, A3B31 and A4B41, i.e. rotary tillage at wheat season + rotary tillage at maize season + straw returning, no-tillage at wheat season + no-tillage at maize season + straw returning, subsoiling tillage at wheat season + subsoiling tillage at maize season + straw returning, deep tillage at wheat season +deep tillage at maize season + straw returning,. Compared with conventional tillage management, all other tillage managements significantly increased kernel numbers per ear and 100-kernel weight, decreased bald length, and increased yield and biomass. The yield was the highest in treatment A1B11, i.e. rotary tillage at wheat season + rotary tillage at maize season + straw returning, and was 35.83% higher than that of CK.

  Studies on Genetic Effects and Selection of Important Nutrient Quality Characters in Millet 2012, 28 (21):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3483 Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 542704KB )   ( 823 ) It is studied on 29 millet varieties about the difference of nutrient quality characters, correlation, the principal component analysis and path analysis to enhance the target of quality breeding and efficiency. The results showed that, the nutrient quality characters were different, and the CV in the following order: crude protein > coarse fiber > fat > moisture > carbohydrate. Correlation analysis showed that, cured protein was highly significant negative with carbohydrate (correlation coefficient was -0.8224), highly negative with fat (correlation coefficient was -0.3807), and other nutrient quality characters were not evident. The results of principal component analysis and path analysis showed that, about 97.35% nutrient quality characters were decided by crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and coarse fiber, which could be used as indicator for selecting breeding materials, the determination coefficient was 1.0000. Fat and carbohydrate were typical characters of nutrient quality in breeding material selection, which should be selected in the low generation of breeding, moreover crude protein and coarse fiber should be selected in high generation.

  Effect of Water Stress on Physiological Characteristics in Root of Different Oat Cultivars 2012, 28 (21):  63-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0442 Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 845601KB )   ( 880 ) The potted experiment were carried out to study the effect of different water stresses on physiological characteristics in root of different oat cultivars ‘Bayou3’ and ‘Mengyan1’, which different in drought resistance, at jointing stage and heading stage, and also to seek the response of water stress on physiological characteristics of different oat cultivars. The results showed that, at jointing stage, protein synthesis of drought resistance cultivar Mengyan1 in root was blocked at severe stress, but weak resistance cultivar ‘Bayou3’ was blocked at moderate stress; at heading stage, as water stress intensified, the protein content of weak resistance ‘Bayou3’ decreased more than that of ‘Mengyan1’; as water stress intensified, MDA content, protective enzyme activity (POD, SOD), REC and soluble sugar increased at two stages, and weak resistance cultivar ‘Bayou3’ increased more; under severe stress, MDA content of ‘Mengyan1’ increased 39.79%, 14.88%, but that of ‘Bayou3’ increased 188% and 45.98% respectively at jointing stage and heading stage. The SOD activity of ‘Mengyan1’ just increased 27.4%, but that of ‘Bayou3’ increased 98% under severe stress at jointing stage; the SOD activity in root decreased significantly at moderate water stress, which was 33.16%, but that of ‘Mengyan1’ still kept high level only decreased 4.05% at heading stage. In short, under moderate water stress, drought resistance cultivar ‘Mengyan1’ on root physiological characteristics affected less, had better drought resistance physiological characteristics at jointing stage.

  Classification of Potato Soil Nutrient in Chongqing 2012, 28 (21):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3315 Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 625117KB )   ( 879 ) The article took and tested 62 samples of top soil (0-20 cm) from potato growing areas in Wuxi and Chengkou of Chongqing for learning the status about potato soil nutrient. The results showed that, the soil pH was unsuitable for growing potato as overall alkaline. The soil organic matter was rich, where the content over 20 g/kg took up 80.6% and there was 17.7% soil over 40 g/kg. The rate of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus were high respectively and total potassium nearly a half of the whole samples was moderate, the ratio of richness and lack were 24.2% and 30.6%. As for one area, the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium were both serious lack reached 35.3% and 50% in Wuxi. The results also indicated that, the content of soil available N, P, K and S were all in rich levels and the exchanged Ca and Mg were both extremely rich. The standard of soil available S was generally low in Chengkou. In terms of the micro-nutrients, the deficiency rate of available Fe, Mn and B was 48.4%, 56.4% and 98.4%, respectively. However, the rate of available Cu and Zn were both very rich. All the micro-nutrients were higher in Chengkou. Soil nutrient classifications differed significantly at different positions and different region by the experiment.

  Cloning and Expression Vector Construction of AGPase Gene from Cassava LUO Xing-LU 2012, 28 (21):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0210 Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 819988KB )   ( 908 ) In order to study the role of the key enzyme gene AGPase in starch synthesis, according to the other species’ AGPase small subunit gene of the GenBank, we got 909 bp gene fragment with 3’ end from FX01. Through sequence similarity search results showed that, its nucleotide sequence with GenBank landing Ricinus communis ,Populus trichocarpa, Citrus sinensis, Ipomoea batatas, Citrus unshiu and Glycine max sequence homologily, respectively of 91%, 91%, 87%, 86%, 86% and 85%. AGPase gene antisense expression vector PBI121-AGPss was constructed based on the known vector pBI121, and transferred it into Agrobaterium tumefaciens to get the transformed bacteria. It made the foundation for further study of cassava starch synthesis-related gene regulation, GM and gene function.

  Sequencing of trnL-F and analysis of interspecific genetic relationship of medicinal species in Pinellia 2012, 28 (21):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0499 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 673454KB )   ( 872 ) To identify some closely related Pinellia species and evaluate interspecific relationships among them. The cpDNA trnL-F sequence of 9 taxa representing 5 species of Pinellia and Philodendron sp. Schott as one outgroup were determined by clone and sequencing, and the sequences were analyzed by means of the software of ClustalX1.81 and PAUP 4.0. The length of trnL-F sequence was 1027-1136 bp, the percentage of G +C content was 34.6%-36.8%. The length became to 994 bp after aligned these sequences and cut the overhanging terminals. When the gaps were always treated as missing, there were twenty nine variable sites and 6 parsim-info sites, which could be used to identify some species of Pinellia. Based on the results of cluster, the Pinellia species could be divided into two major branches. P. inlegrifolia, P. ternata, P. cordata and P. peltata were clustered into branchⅠ, while P. pedatisecta was in branch Ⅱ. The molecular phylogenetic trees of these nine Pinellia species which constructed by N-J methods were considerable discrepant. It suggested that species differentiations of these nine medicinal taxa in Pinellia were incomplete and the evolution of trnL-F sequence was not identical, which were good molecular markers for identification species of Pinellia.

  ISSR and RAPD Analysis of Genetic Relationship in 8 Sisal Germplasm Resources 2012, 28 (21):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1118 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 940038KB )   ( 906 ) The objective of this paper is to reveal the genetic diversity of sisal cultivars. The genetic relationships of 8 sisal germplasm resources were analyzed by ISSR and RAPD. Polymorphism was identified by 8 ISSR primers and 8 RAPD primers in the germplasm. 53 bands were generated by ISSR with polymorphic bands accounting for 83.02% and similarity coefficient within 0.59 to 0.80. And 66 bands were generated by RAPD with polymorphic bands accounting for 92.42% and similarity coefficient from 0.52 to 0.76. Using cluster analysis (UPCMA) based on those polymorphic bands amplified with ISSR and RAPD primers, the relationships of 8 sisal species were constructed. The clustering results of RAPD and ISSR markers were similar, but had a little difference. The germplasm were divided into 2 clusters, and the significant correlation between ISSR and RAPD markers was observed (r=0.70). The results revealed that there was rich genetic diversity among resources of sisal.

  The Analysis of Relationship Between SPAD Reading and Chlorophyl Content in Brassica napus L. 2012, 28 (21):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1943 Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 613748KB )   ( 951 ) Difference between SPAD value and chlorophyll content of various genotypes of Brassica napus was compared, correlation analysis was conducted upon SPAD value and chlorophyll content, and the variation between two years was studied using five rapeseed varieties belong to winter, semi-winter, spring type, respectively. Results showed that the difference of SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll among genotypes were very significant. However, there was not difference between the materials for the carotenoid content. Positive significant correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll content was observed, among which the highest degree of correlation of was found between SPAD value and the total chlorophyll (r =0.9082), followed by chlorophyll b (r=0.8366). Both of SPAD values and chlorophyll content were fluctuated between years according to the analysis.

  Geostatistical and GIS Analysis on Soil Available Potassium in the Hongze Lake Farm 2012, 28 (21):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2733 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 1154309KB )   ( 863 ) In order to explore the spatial distribution of soil available potassium of Hongze Lake farm in Jiangsu Province, and then accurately measure the supply capability of soil available potassium, approximate grid approaches were employed for the sampling scenario with 180 global position system (GPS) established spots sampled in the farm topsoil (0-20 cm). Geostatistical analysis was carried out, including calculation of experimental variograms and model fitting. The best theoretical model for semivariogram of soil A-K was spherical model. The ordinary Kriging estimates of soil A-K were mapped. Comprehensive comparisons of semivariogram parameters with different trend orders of the Kriging prediction errors of soil A-K indicated that the 2-order trend was preferable. Kriging standard deviations (KSD) were regarded as the standard deviations of the interpolated pixel values and provided valuable information for which would increase the accuracy of the A-K mapping. Geostatistics method and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied to investigate the spatial distribution of soil nutrient, and then to accurately measure the supply capacity of soil nutrient. The methods and results will be helpful for rational application of fertilizer, developing precision agriculture and sustainable agriculture.

  Effects of Straw Modified Materials on Potassium Adsorption and Desorption in Sandy Yellow Soil 2012, 28 (21):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3126 Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 1018511KB )   ( 753 ) In order to evaluate the regulative ability of modified materials on the adsorption and desorption of potassium in sandy soil, the effect of straw modified materials which were made of straw, bentonite and PAM, on the adsorption and desorption of potassium in sandy yellow soil was carried out. The results showed that the straw modified material significantly improved the adsorption property to potassium in the sandy soil, and enhanced the fixed ability to potassium of soil. With the adding amount of PAM increasing, the adsorption amount of potassium raised. Compared to treatment F0, during 10 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days, the average adsorption of F3 treatment reached the highest degree, which increased by 6.1%, 9.2%, 10.9% and 13.9%. Straw modified material promoted potassium to lose from soil, but the desorption still was lower than adsorption. While the proportion of PAM in straw modified material increased, the desorption rate of potassium also was improved significantly. Compared to F0, F3 treatment in 10 days, 30 day, 60 days and 90 days experiments, potassium desorption rate increased by 6.1%, 18.2%, 17.2% and 15.4%. Straw modified materials could improve the capacity to potassium of soil, which could be applied in restoration of degraded soil.

  Study on the Composition Characteristics of Sediment Organic-mineral Complex in Reservoir of Northeast Black Soil Zone ——Take Xinlicheng Reservoir of Changchun City as an Example 2012, 28 (21):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0268 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 858340KB )   ( 820 ) In order to discuss the distribution features of organic carbon of the static water lakes sediment and the surrounding soil relationship, and to provide the theory basis for studying organic pollution condition of the library lake, this article researched the characteristic of reservoir sediment in the black soil region of Northeast China whose organic-mineral complex composing and organic carbon distributing, by the tested materials in Changchun City of Xinlicheng Reservoir sediment and reservoir surrounding soil, through the way of particle size fractionation for the separation of complex. The results indicated that, the substrate sludge stuck in the average level of complexes for 65% of 18.7% for the face, and by 3.1% to sand, and its surrounding soil of the average concentration of clay, silt, sand were 28.8%, 29.5%, 31%, the total soil organic carbon in sediment content average was 17.4 g/kg, contrast of soil for 15.4 g/kg, the grain size of sediment organic carbon content of the clay complex were 24.7 g/kg, 14.4 g/kg powder, sand 1.84 g/kg, soil were 30.6 g/kg, 13.63 g/kg powder, sand for 2.67 g/kg, sediment was on the mean value of 1.24 HA/FA, soil was 1.78. From this we can see that on the composition of organic-mineral complex in clay complex mainly, complex content of powder second, complex content of sand at least. The sediment organic carbon content was higher than that of soil, sediment clay grade complex organic carbon content were all higher than the soil, while the sediment particle complexes and sand complex organic carbon content were lower than those of contrast soil, on the HA/FA are smaller than those in the contrast of soil.

  Study on Population Supporting Capacity of CultivatedLand Based on Production Capacity——A Case Study in Pixian County of Sichuan 2012, 28 (21):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3526 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 1494333KB )   ( 869 ) The aim was to predict the population capacity level of cultivated land scientifically. This paper was a case study of the fieldwork in Pixian which was based on the accounting production capacity. It formed the cultivated land production capacity dynamic prediction model and land capacity model, then divided the region of population supporting capacity, made an holistic analysis on pixian’s Population supporting capacity of land. The results showed that: (1) the cultivated land production capacity of Pixian was 505718 t, and the population supporting capacity was large in the coming years. But it distributed uneven, and the largest capacity difference between countryside and town could be 194377. (2) Economical advanced area such as Xipu, Pitong, Hongguang, the population supporting capacity was small. The contradiction between land and population was serious. SR was more than 0.90. (3) According to the empirical study measuring method in line with the actual local, was objective and scientific.

  The Distribution of Cultivated Soil Available Boron and Its Relations with Soil Fertility in Shandong Province 2012, 28 (21):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3736 Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 771859KB )   ( 813 ) In order to understand the distribution of boron in the soil of agricultural grain of the typical landform of Shandong Province, to explore the correlation between soil boron and other soil fertility indicators provide the basis for the rational application of boron fertilizer. Top cultivated soils (0-20 cm) were collected from 17 cities (116 counties) in Shandong Province and analyzed for plant available boron (B). The results showed that, the average content of cultivated soil available B in Shandong Province was 0.745 mg/kg with the range of 1.816-0.130 mg/kg. The decreased order of soil available B in different soil types was Fluvo-aquic Soil > Cinnamon Soil > Shajiang Black Soil > Brown Soil. The landscape types also affected soil available B contents with Yellow River Flood Plain as the highest, East hills area as the lowest, and Hill Region in the middle. Statistical analysis (regression and correlation) indicated that, soil available B was affected positively by total nitrogen and negatively by soil organic matter.

  Study on Fluctuation of Food Output in Anhui Province 2012, 28 (21):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3828 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 770571KB )   ( 988 ) Anhui Province is one of the major grain production provinces in China. The paper reviews the history process and quantity characteristic of food output fluctuation in Anhui province and analyses rule of food output applying wave theory and grey relation theory with food production statistic data from 1978 to 2010. The results show that the food output fluctuation showed classical fluctuation, fluctuation period is short and the length is rules, fluctuation showed moderate, is a rather long period of expansion in systolic. By comparison of fluctuation of food output, the period can be divided into several stages. With grey correlation analysis of the influence factors of in Anhui province, Chemical fertilizer is the important factor of food output growth, crops disaster areas have a small impact on food output.

  Application Evaluation on Improved Type of the Super Rice ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ with Medium Shattering Habit 2012, 28 (21):  131-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3195 Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 577731KB )   ( 758 ) To improve the easy threshing characteristic of fine super rice ‘Xieqingzao A/T9308’ and prolong the production life, the easy threshing restorer line T9308 was mutated by γ-ray mutation, one mutant M9308 with difficult shedding habit was selected, and new super rice combination ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ with medium shattering habit was selected mating. By interval sowing, the shattering habit, yield traits and rice quality traits of M9308, T9308, ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ and ‘Xieqingzao A/T9308’ were detailed identified in heading date, filling stage and maturity. Two years multi-point shattering losses of ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ and ‘Xieqingzao A/T9308’ in nature and machine cutting were investigated. The results showed that, the inheritance of difficult shedding habit in M9308 was very stable, and its shattering rate was significantly lower than the T9308 whether the environment or maturity. The shattering habit of ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ was similar with other Xieyou series, and significantly lower than the ‘Xieqingzao A/T9308’. The agronomic characters, economic characters and rice quality traits of the two combinations were similar. ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ could significantly reduce the rice loss rate in nature and machine cutting. In a word, this ‘Xieqingzao A/M9308’ had practical value of replacing the ‘Xieyou 9308’ for sustainable application in production.

  Analysis on Sweet Potato/Fresh Corn Relay Itercropping Mode Production and Efficiency 2012, 28 (21):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3682 Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 629851KB )   ( 939 ) In order to perfect the sweet potato/fresh corn model of cultivation techniques of form a complete set, seek the best corn planting and density. Through the field experiments, the corn planting density and two factors crack zone were designed, researched different maize population of jade/sweet potato mode sweet potato agronomic characters and the influence of the production. The results showed that, the sweet potato/fresh corn mode B1M1 to deal with the highest, and the total output value of 98609.19 yuan/hm2, followed by B1M2, B3M2, the value of 87423.65 yuan/hm2, 82179.4 yuan/hm2 respectively, and the lowest B4M3 processing were high 65.43%, 46.66%, 37.87%. Jade relay itercropping system, corn chips on June 5th to 15th sowing seeds, the density of 15000 plants/hm2 condition conducive to the improvement of total output and output.

  Effect of Cultivation Factor on Quality Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape in Brassica napus L. 2012, 28 (21):  140-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3972 Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 671706KB )   ( 792 ) In order to study comprehensive effect of sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium on quality parameters of high grade hybrid rape. Experiment materials were ‘Youyan 599’ and ‘Sanbei 98’, studied the effects of cultivation factors on quality parameters of high grade hybrid rape were carried out through orthogonal rotational regression combination design in Brassica napus L. The results showed that, there were negative correlations between erucic acid and nitrogenous fertilizer, sowing dates, positively correlated with plant densities. There were negative correlations between glucosinolate and sowing dates, positively correlated with potassium. There were negative correlations between oil content and sowing dates, nitrogenous fertilizer, positively correlated with plant densities, potassium. There were positively correlations between protein and sowing dates, nitrogenous fertilizer, negative correlations with plant densities and potassium. There were negative correlations between oleic acid and phosphorus fertilizer, positively correlations with nitrogenous fertilizer. There were negative correlations between palmitic acid and potassium, negative correlations with sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer in ‘Youyan 599’, positively correlations with sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer in ‘Sanbei98’. There were positively correlations linolenic acid and sowing dates, nitrogenous fertilizer, negative correlations with potassium. There were positively correlations linolenic acid and nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium. There were negative correlations between eicosenoic acid and sowing dates. There were positively correlations and negative correlations among cultivation factor and quality parameters influence of each cultivation factor on quality parameters, positively correlations and negative correlations could be counteract each other. Expression of quality parameter for each treat was comprehensive influence of five cultivation factors on quality parameter. In 50 pairs of simple, there was correlation of five cultivation factors and ten quality parameters. 26 pairs of simple correlation were identity in two varieties, 24 pairs of simple correlation was not. It was bigger for effect of sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer on erucic acid of two varieties, it was smaller for effect of sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium on palmitic acid of two varieties, comprehensive influence of five cultivation factors could not improvement quality of high grade hybrid rape essentially.

  Effect of Cultivation Factors on Oil Content of Different Branches in Rapeseed 2012, 28 (21):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3658 Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 721938KB )   ( 871 ) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivar ‘Huayouza 9’ was used to study the changes of oil content in different branches on different sowing dates, density and N application, and also studied the changes of oil content in different layers on different branches. The results showed that, oil content of different branches reduced as the N application increasing, oil content of seed dropped 0.54%-0.98% per kilo nitrogen. Oil content of different branches on sowing date 4 was fewer than sowing date 1-3, it explained that, sowing date delayed, made oil content reduced. There was no discipline about three densities of oil content in different branches. Oil content of principal branch was more than the other branches, oil content of middle branches was more than upper and bottom branches, and the upper were greater than the bottom. Oil content of middle part of rachis was the highest, upper part was higher than the bottom of rachis. The more pod number of rachis, the more variation of oil content, the maximum variation was about 3.68%.

  Effect of Different Planting Densities Treatments on Main Characteristics and Yield of ‘Ganzhi 7’ 2012, 28 (21):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3375 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 537626KB )   ( 822 ) To find out new varieties of black sesame, ‘Ganzhi 7’ in the hilly red soil area suitable for planting density, five by autumn design process, namely Ⅰ: 1.2×105 plants per hectare, Ⅱ: 1.8×105 plants per hectare, Ⅲ: 2.4×105 plants per hectare, Ⅳ: 3×105 plants per hectare, Ⅴ: 3.6×105 plants per hectare, of different planting density on its production and the impact of the main characters. The results showed that, different planting densities had little impact on groth process and had different impact on main biological characteristics and economic characteristics of ‘Ganzhi 7’, but had large impact on yield, the density was too diluted or too dense which was not conducive to high yield, dense planting was better than diluted planting in autumn, the density should not be less than 1.8×105 plants per hectare, 2.4×105 plants per hectare was appropriate,the yield was up to 1720.86 kg/hm2, the appropriate density of spring sowing was 1.8×105 plants per hectare, the appropriate density of summer sowing was 2.1×105 plants per hectare.

  Advances of Studies on Xanthine Dehydrogenase in Higher Plants 2012, 28 (21):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3583 Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 954960KB )   ( 1125 ) Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), as a member of the molybdenum enzymes, plays an important role in purine metabolism, catabolizes xanthine and hypoxanthine to ureides, and involved in nitrogen assimilation, hormone homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production. In this paper, the latest knowledge on structure, biological function and recent advances of xanthine dehydrogenase in higher plants were reviewed. In addition, the value of delaying leaf senescence by xanthine dehydrogenase in practice was also discussed.

  Cloning and Function Analysis of Promoter of AtNUDT10 in Arabidopsis thaliana 2012, 28 (21):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3867 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 1371934KB )   ( 999 ) 5’-UTR of AtNUDT10 was cloned by PCR from Arabidopsis thaliana and was inserted into pBAR-GUS to form a recombined construct pNUDT10P-GUS. The construct was then used to transform wide-type Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediating. A batch of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with 5’-UTR of AtNUDT10 was obtained through glufosinate screening. The results showed that, we had got the promoter of AtNUDT2 that was constitutive promoter. Furthermore, the expression of the promoter could not be induced by the Pst.DC3000 and Pst.DC3000 AvrB.

  Cloning and Expression of the Tres Gene from SH-110 Strain and Characterization of the Enzyme 2012, 28 (21):  169-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0001 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 876431KB )   ( 834 ) In order to find the ideal industrialized production of trehalose synthase gene engineering bacterium, the Tres gene was amplified by PCR with Changbai Mountain hot spring SH-110strain’s genomic DNA. The amplified Tres gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a+ and expressed in BL21(DE3) under induction of IPTG and lactose. The expressed product was identified with SDS-PAGE and studied on characterization of the enzyme. The Tres gene at a length of 2912 bp was successfully cloned, in the experiments that joined IPTG and lactose, fusion protein in intracellular had been expressed, and added lactose protein expression induced by high volume. The relative molecular mass of expressed recombinant Tres was about 110 kDa. This enzyme exhibited the highest activity at the conditions of pH 7.0 and 60℃. Furthermore, metal ions such as Ca2+, K+, Zn2+ could activate the enzyme activity, while metal ions such as Ba2+, Cu2+, Mn2+decreased the enzyme activity. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 8.823 mmol/L and 235.29 mmol/L. Recombinant Tres was expressed in E.coli, which laid the further study of recombinant gene-engineered strain produce large amounts of trehalose synthase provides theoretical basis for mass production.

  The Preparation and Application of Polyclonal Antibody with a Peptide PR-1a 2012, 28 (21):  174-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3598 Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 1056982KB )   ( 806 ) In order to acquire polyclonal antibody of high titer and specificity against PR-1a, 1 polypeptide with sequence-specific were obtained by Blastn, Blastx and Expasy software based on the primary structure of information about PR-1a of tobacco in NCBI GenBank. The polypeptide was synthetized by fmoc solid phase synthesis methods, and its purity and molecular weight were also determined by HPLC and LC-MS, respectively. The purity value and molecular weight reached at 93.2% and 2088.17, respectively. The polypeptide was coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by way of EDC. Anti-sera were acquired by immunizing rabbit with Pep-KLH emulsified by Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA), and polyclonal antibody was purified by affinity chromatography. The titer and specificity of anti-sera and polyclonal antibody were determined by indirect-ELISA and Western blotting with the OD value reaching at 1.0 at the dilution of 1:32000 against anti-sera; The results from Western blotting showed that anti-sera and polyclonal antibody could detected the specific band with molecular weight of 18 kD in Nicotiana tabacum K-326 leaves, the results was accord with molecular weight which was the predicted. Benzothiadiazole (BTH), a class of inducers of systemic was sprayed on leaf of Nicotiana tabacum K-326 at the 500 μg/mL, and then the total protein from leaf was extracted at the interval of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144 and 192 h. The results indicated that PR-1a was up-regulated at the 48 h by indirect-ELISA assays. Meanwhile, RT-PCR of semi-quantity was also used to verify the expression trends about PR-1a, the results indicated to become a similar expression trends with that of indirect-ELISA. The results shown the PR-1a polyclonal antibody reached high sensitivity and specificity, and was used to the action mechanism of inducer of Systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

  A Rapid and High Throughput Method for Screening Pichia pastoris with Recombinant Glucose Oxidase 2012, 28 (21):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3666 Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 1215237KB )   ( 870 ) The aim was to establish a convenient and high throughput method for screening Pichia pastoris with high-level recombinant glucose oxidase (GOD). Recombinant P. pastoris clones were cultured on the MM plate and induced by methanol for 2 days, then the plate were covered with color solution. After 30 min reaction at room temperature, measure brown circle area around the colony, then calculate correlation coefficient between the color area and GOD activity. Brown circle appeared clearly when the sample GOD activity higher than 0.0005 U. This new screening method showed high sensitivity, good stability and repeatability, and considerable reliability compared with the traditional screening method. The correlation coefficient between color area and GOD activity reached up to 0.63 when GOD activities lower than 0.1 U/mL. A rapid and high throughput method for screening of P. pastoris with recombinant glucose oxidase was established. At the same time, it may provide a reference for screening of P. pastoris clones with other recombinant enzyme.

  Screening and Identification of A Strain of Photosynthetic Bacteria with High 5-aminolevulinic Acid Production and hemA Gene Amplification 2012, 28 (21):  189-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3415 Abstract + ( 1405 )   PDF ( 1095052KB )   ( 796 ) The aim was to obtain the photosynthetic bacteria with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production. Photosynthetic bacteria was isolated from a variety of habitats, ALA content was detected by spectrophotometer, the strain was identification by morphological analysis and 16SrRNA analysis, the gene hemA was detection by PCR. A strain RB with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production was obtained. It was Rhodopseudomonas palustris of Rhodopseudomonas with 4.34 mg/L ALA production. Moreover, the hemA gene fragment was amplified from the strain. The results showed that the photosynthetic bacteria with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production were obtained successfully. And also successfully obtained the hemA amplification products, which provide the foundation for constructing gene engineering bacteria.

  Optimization of Combination of Straw-degrading Bacteria by Orthogonal Design 2012, 28 (21):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0789 Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 738805KB )   ( 963 ) To explore the application of orthogonal design in screening combination of straw-degrading bacteria, optimize combination of straw-degrading bacteria producing cellulase and ligninase. With corn straw as a fermentation substrate, the straw-degrading rate and enzyme activity of different combinations of degrading bacteria were investigated with orthogonal design. The antagonism between strains in selected combinations was studied with plate test. Results showed that, the difference of straw-degrading rates among different treatments was extremely significant. The optimal combination was A1B3C1D4E1F2G1, i.e., the inoculation volume of stain F-11, XX-10 and G-09 was 1 mL, 2.0 mL and 1.0 mL, respectively. The degradation rate increased by 10% compared with that of the control. The antagonism existed between some straw-degrading bacteria, and the straw-degrading rate was related to strain composition in combination. The orthogonal design was an effective method to screen the best combination of straw-degrading bacteria, and the selected bacteria combination had high degrading efficiency for straw and very good value of development and utilization.

  Study on Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds of Winter Wheat under the New Farming System in Hebei Province 2012, 28 (21):  199-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0886 Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 674727KB )   ( 818 ) To further clarify the occurrence of the diseases, insect pests and weeds of winter wheat under the new farming system, the main species, the occurrence characteristics and the change reasons were studied with sampling investigations and questionnaires to farmers in 32 monitoring sites from Piedmont, Heilonggang and Eastern Plains in Heibei Province. The results showed that under the new farming system, the main species of diseases, pests and weeds had reached up to 15, 20 and 21 respectively, and the main diseases and pests were Powdery Mildew, Sharp Eyespot, Scab, Aphids, Wheat-spider and Wheat midge with Descurainia Sophia as the dominant species in all weeds. There were four characteristics about the occurrence of the diseases, insect pests and weeds, including some secondary diseases and insect pests becoming to the dominant, the complex and diverse weeds species, a tendency expanding from the former location to North and East and a continuous damage to wheat and corn. In a word, the occurrence changes of the diseases, insect pests and weeds were mainly caused by the new farming system which was benefit to protect the habitats, improve the cardinal number and accelerate the transmission of the diseases and insect pests in different regions and blocks. In addition, the warming climate and the lack of resistant varieties were also the important factors in the occurrence of diseases and insect pests over the past decade.

  Analysis and Control Strategies of Epidemic Causes of Maize Virus Disease 2012, 28 (21):  204-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3413 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 2646108KB )   ( 747 ) Maize virus disease is a systematic infestation disease, and a disease on maize causing serious damage and difficult to control. In order to clear the pathogen and epidemiology of the disease raising and spreading in recent years in maize main production area in northwest Zhejiang, to present control technology, we had investigated and researched to the pathogen, virus transmitting vector, epidemiology, disaster causes and IPM technology in 2008-2011. The results showed that, maize virus disease occurring in Lin’an was maize dwarf disease, or maize rough dwarf disease; it was caused by the virus RBSDV, small brown plant hoppers (SBPH) were the insect vector. The disease’s epidemiology were related with the SBPH vector population dynamics and ratio of the vector insects with virus, climate, variety resistance, sowing and planting timing and rice status of infestation. The control strategies and integrated control technology to the disease were presented and extended spreading on maize production in large scale, the damage of the disease was effectively controlled, good harvest was insurance, significant economic and social effeciency were acquired.

  The Establishment of Meteorological Forecast Model for the Occurrence Degree of Corn Borer in Tonghua, Jilin 2012, 28 (21):  211-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3817 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 610776KB )   ( 863 ) In order to forecast the occurrence degree of corn borer, so as to gain a better prevention and treatment of corn borer, based on the observation data of corn borer in Tonghua from 1981-2007 , the author finally found out the meteorological factors which were closely related to the occurrence degree of corn borer. The author divided the occurrence degree of corn borer into three grades, namely mild, moderate and severe occurrence, and meantime divided the related meteorological factors into three degrees, based on the maximum correlation coefficient principle, and assign values to prediction and vary grades of prediction factors, and by statistic means the author created the meteorological forecast model for the occurrence degree of corn borer in Tonghua City. The accurate rate of the model testing was 81.5%, and the forecast testing was very well, too. The forecast model had a certain level of usability. And it could provide scientific evidence for the corn borer prevention and treatment work in Tonghua. At the same time, through the observation data, it proved that the low temperature of winter in Tonghua had no effects on the death rate of the overwintering larvae and the density of overwintering larvae was little related to the occurrence degree of the corn borer in Tonghua City.Key words: Occurrence degree of corn borer; Meteorological grade; Forecast Model

  The Effects of Riboflavin on Fusarium oxysporum in Cotton 2012, 28 (21):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2996 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 1016525KB )   ( 860 ) To investigate the potentia1 effect of riboflavin on the growth of cotton Fusarium wilt for looking for optimal concentration. By means of PDA medium consisting of 9 riboflavin concentration gradients, the result is that radial growth and sporogensis of cotton Fusarium wilt was affected. In the test, PDA 2% sterile NaOH solution was designed as controls. The results showed when the riboflavin concentration was higher than 0.5 mg/mL, riboflavin can inhibit the growth of mycelia, and the inhibiting activity of riboflavin was increased when its concentration increased. When the riboflavin concentration is more than 1 mg/mL, the riboflavin treatment could induce the primary hyphae swelling, branch and thallus separation increasing and somatic cell defects and other morphological changes. When the riboflavin concentration was higher than 1 mg/ml, the microsporogenesis emerge deformity. Riboflavin was effective in inhibiting radial growth and sporogensis of cotton Fusarium wilt.

  Identification of Common Scarabaeid Occurrence in Tobacco Fields in Hunan Province, China (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) 2012, 28 (21):  221-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0582 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 832410KB )   ( 1736 ) In order to investigate the species of scarabaeids which occurrence in tobacco fields in Hunan Province in China, light traps were used in three counties Sangzhi, Ningxiang, Guiyang and two cities Liuyang, Leiyang from 2010 to 2011. The morphologic characters of 7 species of Melolonthinae and 6 species of Rutelinae were described in this paper with their distribution, photos and key were also given for identification.

  Effect of Eggs High Temperature Exposure on the Development and Fecundityof Mononychellus tanajioa (Acari: Tetranychidae) 2012, 28 (21):  229-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0034 Abstract + ( 1540 )   PDF ( 1107364KB )   ( 693 ) Temperature was one of the important ecological factors for development and reproduction of Mononychellus tanajioa. In order to learn about the ecological adaptation of M. tanajoa after its invasion into our country and provide a foundation for the monitoring early warning and effective prevention as well as analyze its invasion, diffusion and ecological adaptation mechanism, this study researched the effect of high-temperature treatment to its eggs on the development, reproduction. M. tanajoa eggs were treated for different time (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h) at a gradient of high-temperature (30, 33, 36, 39 and 42℃) in the artificial climate incubator, followed by incubation at room temperature (25℃). The developing periods, hatchability of the offspring eggs, offspring sex ratio (female percent) and offspring adult mites' life were observed. The results showed that eggs in high temperature had a great effect on its development and fecundity. With the increasing of temperature and extending of treatment time, its development significantly extended and egg hatching rate, percentage of female offspring and life of female offspring significantly decreased. The higher the temperature was the more significant effects on its development and reproduction. Furthermore, the developments of its egg and larvae were much more significantly affected. Eggs in 42℃ for about more than 2 h would not hatch and finish any development in 25℃; eggs in 42℃ for about 1 h were its most heat-sensitive time. High-temperature stress to the eggs affected the growth, development and fecundity of M. tanajoa, and thereby affected the dynamic variability of the M. tanajoa population. Theses results above wiould be much helpful for in-deep studies on the mechanism of heat tolerance and ecological adaptation of M.tanajioa and constructed the theory basis and technical support for scientifically forming of quarantine policy and measure for M. tanajoa in China.

  Study on Control Efficacy of Combination of Glyphosate and 2, 4-D in Mikania micrantha 2012, 28 (21):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0017 Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 732818KB )   ( 695 ) To clarify the interaction of glyphosate and 2,4-D on the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha, The potting test was carried out in the Greenhouse. The control effects of the two herbicides on mikania micrantha were calculated. The best matching was evaluated by equivalent line. The results showed that there was significant synergism on mikania micrantha with glyphosate and 2,4-D. The most obvious synergism on the shoot inhibition is between the scope of (153.75 to 170.65 g a.i./hm2) and (161 to 175 g a.i./hm2), this index of interaction reached 1.58 and 1.60. But the most obvious synergism on the root inhibition is between the scope of (153.75 to 202.76 g a.i./hm2 )and (161 to 203.15 g a.i./hm2), the index of interaction reached 1.48 and 1.53. The best synergism ratio range of glyphosate and 2,4-D on shoot were 153.75-170.65 g a.i./hm2 161-175 g a.i./hm2 respectively, but the best synergism ratio range of glyphosate and 2,4-D on root were 153.75-202.76 g a.i./hm2 161~203.15 g a.i./hm2 respectively.

  Simultaneous Determination of Organochlorines and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Cotex mouta Based on Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion and Gas Chromatography 2012, 28 (21):  242-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3565 Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 716063KB )   ( 799 ) A new method was proposed to measure organochlorines and pyrethroid pesticide residues in Cotex mouta simultaneously by gas chromatography and matrix solid-phase dispersion. The recovery was used to evaluate the extraction and clean-up method, extraction conditions were optimized using orthogonal experimental design, including stuff, solvent and their dosage. Dry ground Cotex mouta samples and neutral alulllinum oXide (1:2) were homogenized in a mortar for 5 min and then packed into a 10 mL of glass column by eluting with ethyl acetate solution. The qualitative and the quantitative analysis of samples was accomplished using gas chromatography with ECD (electronic capture detector). Mean recoveries for 11 different pesticides in Cotex mouta were found in the range of 77.69%-110.7% at the spiked levels of 0.02, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, and relative standard deviation (RSD) were all lower than 11.6%. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method ranged between 0.1-3.4 μg/kg. The proposed method could detect organochlorines and pyrethroid pesticides in Cotex mouta.

  Preparation of Stained Specimens for the Adult of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi and its Structural Observation 2012, 28 (21):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3786 Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 2009848KB )   ( 1090 ) To reveal the characteristic structures of Pseudanoplocephala crawfordi, the stained specimens of the adult of P. crawfordi from pigs were prepared with Hematoxylin staining and Ziehl phenol-basic fuchsin staining. The results showed that the optimal staining condition for collum segment, immature and mature proglottids was in the 1:15 diluted hematoxylin dye solution at room temperature (RT) for 12 hours, and that of gravid proglottids was in Ziehl phenol-basic fuchsin dye solution at RT for 24 hours. Adults of the parasite was flat and white, the vertical axises of proglottids were shorter than the lateral ones. Testicles and sperm pocket began to show in the immature proglottids, and while the complete male and female organs of generation including testicles, sperm pocket, penis pocket, ovary, yelk gland, uterus and gonopore occurred in the mature ones. Gravid proglottids were filled with eggs, while without other organs of generation with the exception of a gonopore. These findings provided a important reference for control of porcine and human pseudanoplocephalasis and supplement the specimen library of parasitological research and teaching.

  Correlation Between Texture and Sensory Evaluation of Bread and Cake 2012, 28 (21):  253-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0841 Abstract + ( 2019 )   PDF ( 599552KB )   ( 2032 ) In order to quantify bread and cakes with different manufacturers, different additives and different types, the correlations between texture and sensory qualities of bread and cakes were studied by the texture analyzer and sensory evaluation method. The results showed that, the quality of bread with different additives for the same manufacturer and graham bread for different manufacturers could be quantified by the index of hardness and elasticity. The quality of wheat bread for different manufacturers could be quantified by the index of elasticity. The quality of sponge cake with different types could be quantified by the index of resilience. The quality of chiffon cake with different additives could be quantified by the index of hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience. The quality of cake with different types could be quantified by the index of hardness, springiness and cohesiveness.

  Study on Chromoplast Pigment and its Degraded Products Contents’ Differentia in Flue-cured Tobacco from Different Cultivars in Chenzhou Areas 2012, 28 (21):  260-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2802 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 589957KB )   ( 772 ) In order to reveal the relationship between the material content of plastid pigments and neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco, with ‘Yun 87’, ‘K326’, ‘Yun 203’ and ‘KRK26’ as experimental material, the C3F grade tobacco leaves was used in the analysis of plastid pigments and neutral volatile aroma components by instrument of high performance liquid chromatography GC-MS. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and their degradation products existed significant differences in different varieties. The content of total plastid pigments in ‘Yun 203’ and ‘Yun 87’ were the highest. The aroma quality of ‘YUN87’ after brewage was coordination. The aroma quality of ‘K326 ’and ‘KRK26’ were better than ‘Yun 203’. The highest proportion of degradation products of the plastid pigment was neophytadiene, the result manifest as follows: ‘Yun 87’> ‘KRK26’> ‘K326’> ‘Yun 203’.

  Accumulation of Heavy Metals Hg, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb in Vegetable 2012, 28 (21):  264-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0934 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 726241KB )   ( 835 ) In order to provide scientific reference for vegetable production structure adjustment to one vegetable production areas in Longgang District, Huludao City, Liaoning province. Heavy metals Hg, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb content in the soil samples and vegetables sampled from this vegetable production areas were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that, the heavy metals Hg, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb content in soil were 0.42 mg/kg, 52.20 mg/kg, 34.92 mg/kg, 0.93 mg/kg, and 98.49 mg/kg, respectively that meet the requirements of agricultural production; and the heavy metals Hg, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb content in vegetable were 0.92 μg/kg, 120.09 μg/kg, 13.80 μg/kg, 15.65 μg/kg, 94.17 μg/kg, respectively that also meet national health standards requirement. The heavy metal content of cabbage was more than other vegetable. The experiment would provide data support to adjust vegetable production structure.

  The Research on Gorgon Polysaccharide of Function on Antifatigu in Rats 2012, 28 (21):  269-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0827 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 564028KB )   ( 768 ) To investigate the function of gorgon polysaccharide on antifatigue, dividing rats into control group and low-dosage, medium-dosage and high-dosage groups at random. Feeding dosage groups’ rats with gorgon polysaccharide in continuous 21 days and feeding control group’s rats with distilled water in continuous 21 days. Then tested the load swimming time, the content of serum urea nitrogen, blood lactate and hepatic glycogen of different groups’ rats. The results showed that: gorgon polysaccharide could lengthen the load swimming time of rats and reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen and blood lactate and increase the reserve amount of hepatic glycogen. Gorgon polysaccharide has obvious function on antifatigu.

  Investigation on the extraction of Water-unextractable arabinoxylans from wheat bran using different alkaline extractants 2012, 28 (21):  272-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0797 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 809933KB )   ( 840 ) In order to compare the influence of different alkaline extractions on the yield of water-unextractable arabinoxylans from wheat bran (B-WUAX), and on the composition of alkaline extract, five different alkaline extractions were used to extract B-WUAX. Combining with the optimum extraction method for B-WUAX, the content of total sugar, protein, B-WUAX and ferulic acid in the alkaline extract were determined. The results showed that using saturated barium hydroxide as the extraction the highest yield and content of B-WUAX were obtained, and the values were 14.3%, 78.90% respectively. Saturated barium hydroxide had the highest selectivity of B-WUAX which was more suitable as the extraction to study B-WUAX in laboratory. There was no relationship between the yield of B-WUAX and the pH of the extraction but a high relationship between the ferulic acid content and alkalinity of extraction. Extracting B-WUAX with stronger alkaline extraction, lower ferulic acid content was obtained. Using alkaline electrolysis water and sodium hydroxide solution of hydrogen peroxide as extraction, the ferulic acid content were 1220 μg/g and 1064 μg/g respectively. Using saturated barium hydroxide as the extraction, the ferulic acid content was 53.3 μg/g. Due to more simple extraction process, lower cost, and proper yield, sodium hydroxide was more suitable as the extraction to produce B-WUAX at large scale.

  Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Bovine Milk Protein Hydrolysis 2012, 28 (21):  277-282.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3838 Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 1365018KB )   ( 837 ) In order to reduce allergenic protein content in milk proteins for producing infant formula milk. We hydrolyzed milk protein based on screened best enzyme and based on trypsin concentration, hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature viewed as influence factors. We used single factor experiments and Centure-composite Design Center combination method of three factors and three levels experimental design to further optimize hydrolysis condition. The effect of enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time were significant. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were optimized as following: enzyme concentration 0.79%, hydrolysis temperature 54.65℃ and time 47.01 min. Regression equations predicting milk protein hydrolysis degree theory value could reached 20.78%, the average degree of hydrolysis of three times experiment could reached 20.74%, compared with predictive value the relative error was 0.2%. We successfully developed the optimum hydrolysis conditions of trypsin by response surface experimental design which laid a foundation on infant formula milk production.

  The Investigation on the Microbial Contamination of Ready Foods in the Markets Around Colleges or Universities in Chengdu City 2012, 28 (21):  283-287.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0524 Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 551676KB )   ( 795 ) To investigate the microbial contamination of ready foods in the markets around colleges or universities in Chengdu City, and the influence of types, pack, source and season on microbial contamination of ready food. Seven hundred and three samples were randomly collected in different season from 10 types of food including dairy products, manufactured meat, cookies, cold dish, etc. The samples were detected based on the methods of GB/T 4789 and National Health Standards and the results were analyzed with Chi-square test. The results showed that, the total qualified rate was 86.06%, and which of dairy products, salted vegetables, fruit and vegetable drinks were all above 90%, and which of bean products, drinking water and manufactured meat were all under 80%. The vast of unsuitable foods were found in summer and autumn. The qualified rate of total bacterial counts and total coliforms were the lowest, and the detection rates of salmonella and staphylococcus aureus were high in pathogenic bacteria. Significant difference was found between food with different sources, and the order of the qualified rate was as follows: superstores > small supermarkets>eating and drinking establishments > farmer's markets > outdoor food markets. The qualified rate of packed foods was higher than that of unpacked foods. Thus it could be seen that the ready foods were contaminated by microbes seriously, especially in summer and autumn, and it was suggested that the sanitary supervision department should strengthen supervision and educate students in food safety.

  Early Warning Remote Automation System for Quality Security of ‘Fuji’ Apple on Storage 2012, 28 (21):  288-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0868 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 943913KB )   ( 933 ) The storage environment of ‘Fuji’ apple was real-time monitored to ensure quality security of ‘Fuji’ apple saved on long term in the cold storage. In this paper, based on the transmission technology of Zigbee and GPRS, we designed a series of data acquisition nodes, which combined Zigbee with the temperature sensors, humidity sensors, CO2 sensors and C2H4 sensors, and constructed a wireless sensor network in the cold storages. Furthermore, the early-warning System for ‘Fuji’ Apple Quality Security was designed with the J2EE technique, which realized data collection, real-time monitoring and early-warning. The tests of PRR (packet reception rate) were carried out within the environment which was in temperatures 0℃ at RH (relative humidity) 90% and CO2 1%. The results showed that, the packet reception correct rate was above 80%. The system could be used into environmental information collection, environmental monitoring and environmental early-warning in the cold storage.

  Research on the training Mode of Computer application talents of Higher Agricultural Colleges and Universities Oriented by Employment 2012, 28 (21):  294-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0677 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 638728KB )   ( 705 ) As the popularization of Chinese higher education，the total enrollment of universities and colleges in China has increased year by year．This high enrollment makes the imbalance of demand and supply，which further worsen the students’ employment situation．On the basis of analyzing the situation of students’ employment situation, according to the questionnaire of Beijing agricultural university student's employment situation, this paper discusses the problem of college student employment’s ability，and taking employment as the orientation， researches the reform’s method of training applied talents of computer professional in detail

  Discussion on the Urban-Rural Balanced Development Pattern of County Economy in West China 2012, 28 (21):  301-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1164 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 608073KB )   ( 927 ) Balanced urban and rural development at county level is an inevitable road for socioeconomic development in western regions. At present, subject to such elements and conditions as resource endowment, human resources, industrial development and institutional environment, there are evident difference of balanced urban and rural development at county level in eastern, central and western China. Since China adopts the strategy of Western Development in 2001, especially in the period of 11th Five-Year Plan, positive effectiveness has been achieved in balanced urban and rural development at county level in western regions. In a lot of cities and counties of Western China, a mode of balanced urban and rural development at county level with differentiated characteristics has taken shape when they take actions that suit local circumstances to speed up the balanced urban and rural development at county level based on local actual situation. In this paper, the study on the mode of balanced urban and rural development at county level in western regions means summarization and clean-up of achievements, experience and practice in the balanced urban and rural development at county level in western provinces to compare the path or mode of balanced urban and rural development at county level in different areas and counties and discuss the ideas and countermeasures regarding balanced urban and rural development and economic transformation in western regions.

  Study on the Problem and Building of Shanxi Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation System 2012, 28 (21):  306-310.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1219 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 563270KB )   ( 731 ) In order to speed up the leapfrogging development of modern agriculture and break the constraints of resources, environment and economy in Shanxi Province, people had to take agricultural science and technology as the fundamental measures and take modern agricultural science and technology innovation system as the support. The author analyzed the weak link in this stage of Shanxi modern agricultural science and technology innovation system, described the content of Shanxi modern agricultural science and technology innovation system in new era, and made recommendations to speed up the construction of the Shanxi modern agricultural science and technology innovation system.

  Spatial Analysis Methods and Application of Regional Soil Moisture 2012, 28 (21):  311-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1908 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 1029805KB )   ( 721 ) In order to explore the distribution of the regional soil moisture and get the scientific sampling and analysis method, four spatial analysis methods including inverse distance weighted method, ordinary kriging method, co-kriging method and stochastic simulation method were used to analyze the moisture content at the depth of 6 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm on 3022 sampled data in Tongzhou district of Beijing. The study showed that moisture content of soil at depth of 20 cm was more stable than any other depth, and it was suitable to be a prediction index of soil moisture content. The stochastic simulation method had a lower smooth effect and the map generated by this method was different from that of the other three methods, thus it was only suitable for the moisture analysis of area which has a large variation. The maps generated by other three methods were almost the same and all of them could be used for moisture analysis of the general area .Co-kriging method considering the soil moisture contents at the depth of 6 cm was the optimal method and the variance was 40%-60% less than that of ordinary kriging. At last, a sampling method which can make full use of the surface soil moisture content was proposed to improve the preciosity of soil moisture content prediction.