Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.22 Published:05 August 2012

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  Research Progress on Community Characteristics and Population Ecology of Davidia involucrate Baill 2012, 28 (22):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0838 Abstract + ( 1334 )   PDF ( 584473KB )   ( 805 ) To know the habitat of Davidia involucrate, an endanged plants in China, using the comprehensive analysis method to analyze the community characteristics and population ecology of D. involucrate Baill. The results showed that: (1) there were plenty of plants in the community. The composition of D. involucrata community was that the east Asia plants was the largest. Next was north temperate zone. The component of species had the typical transition characteristics that from the subtropics to the temperate zone. (2) The community vertical structure was simple, which composed of tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and interlayer plant. Herb layer was better than tree layer and shrub layer. In term of life form, phanerophytes were on the top, the composition of life form was similar to that in subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest. (3) According to the age structure. It’s indicated that D. involucrata community had not yet developed into its climax. And the spatial pattern of the whole population was of clumping distribution. (4) Natural regeneration ability of D. involucrata was weak and seed germination was low. The community of D. involucrate was in a state of instable and endanged.

  Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration of Pinus elliottii 2012, 28 (22):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0996 Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 891934KB )   ( 996 ) In order to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on total soil respiration of Pinus elliottii forest, and whether increased nitrogen deposition alters the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, the author used LI-8100 to investigate the response of soil respiration of Pinus elliottii for increased nitrogen deposition, a field experiment with 4 simulated nitrogen deposition levels [0、5、15、30 g N/(m2?a)]. The soil temperature at 10 cm depth and soil moisture at 5 cm depth were recorded at the same time. Results showed that: soil respiration rate had an obvious seasonal change, with the maximum in July and the minimum in January. the annual cumulative soil respiration was [CK 5.28±1.02 t/(hm2?a)] and [LN 4.51±0.64 t/(hm2?a)] and [LN 4.66±0.51 t/(hm2?a)] and [HN 4.20±0.43 t/(hm2?a)]. On average, the mean rate of soil respiration was LN [1.20±0.17 μmol/(m2?s)] and MN [1.24±0.13 μmol/(m2?s)] and HN [1.11±0.11 μmol/(m2?s)], and reduced 16.6%, 13.8% and 22.9% respectively comparing with control level [1.44±0.28 μmol/(m2?s)]. The relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature at 10 cm of Pinus elliottii was significant (P<0.01) (R2=0.6049-0.7557）The Q10 values at 4 different nitrogen treatment levels of Pinus elliottii were LN (1.72) and MN (1.75) and HN (1.79). Compared with which at control level, the Q10 values of Pinus elliottii soil respiration tended to decrease with nitrogen deposition. The relationship between soil respiration and soil moistures at 5 cm depth also were not significant. The results indicated that nitrogen deposition was an important factor in affecting soil CO2 efflux of Pinus elliottii.

  Effects of Root Exclusion on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in Liquidam barformosana and Pinus massoniana Communities 2012, 28 (22):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0858 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 645275KB )   ( 834 ) In order to study the effects of root exclusion on soil nitrogen mineralization in the forest communities, seasonal variation of the soil NH4+-N, NO3--N and N mineralization were analyzed in Liquidam barformosana and Pinus massoniana communities by using with a PVC tube sequential coring and in-situ incubation method after trenching soils. The results showed NH4+-N, NO3--N and N mineralization in root exclusion treatment was higher than those of the control in two forest communities. The highest net N mineralization rate occurred in summer, the lowest occurred in winter. Contrasted to two forest communities, the net N mineralization rates in Liquidam barformosana was higher than those of Pinus massoniana. NH4+-N, NO3--N and N mineralization were not significantly influenced by root exclusion. However, the N mineralization rate was significantly positively correlated to the soil temperature at 5 cm depth, and was negatively correlated to the soil moisture at 5 cm depth. The results suggested heat and relatively dry were beneficial to the N mineralization.

  Study on the Diameter Distribution of 4 Types of Pinus caribaea Stand in Atuoling Mountain in Hainan Province 2012, 28 (22):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1203 Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 864786KB )   ( 742 ) In order to provide scientific and reasonable reference for low-quality and low-benefit forest in Hainan Province, the author studied diameter distribution regularities of 4 types of Pinus caribaea stand based on 4 probability density function: normal distribution, lognormal distribution, Weibull distribution and gamma distribution. The results showed that: (1) 4 kinds of stand diameter distribution curves were left skewness. The majorities of Pinus caribaea plants were medium and small diameter at breast height trees; (2) Weibull distribution function had better fitting effect for diameter distribution of Pinus caribaea and Acacia Taiwan mixed forest, gamma distribution had better fitting effect for diameter distribution of Pinus caribaea and Hainan muricata mixed forest, and Weibull distribution and gamma distribution had similar fitting effect for diameter distribution of Pinus caribaea pure forest. That was to say, for 4 stands Weibull distribution was the best, normal distribution was the worst, gamma distribution and lognormal distribution was general taking account of adaptability and flexibility.

  The Study on the Cutting Propagation of Glyptostrobus pensilis 2012, 28 (22):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0366 Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 626203KB )   ( 936 ) Glyptostrobus pensilis is a rare and endangered relict species to China. Currently cultivation is the main measures to protect it. However, few research on the cutting propagation of G.pensilis has been reported so far. This paper aims to establish an effective cutting propagation system, which has great significance for germplasm conservation and artificial cultivation of G.pensilis. The cuttage propagation techniques of G.pensilis was explored in this study by testing various factors including different auxin, treatment concentration, treatment time and substrate. The results showed that the cuttings rooting rate was significantly higher by soaking in ABT1 150mg/L solution for 2 h than other hormones. The medium with combination of peat soil:perlite = 2:1 was the best substrate. The terminal bud and sucker were the key factors to improve rooting rate of G.pensilis, while the cuttings rooting rate was significantly higher in spring than autumn. The rooting rate could reach 39.89% by this way. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the protection and management of G.pensilis population.

  Characteristics of Hydrology Cycle in the Rubber Plantation in Hainan Island 2012, 28 (22):  27-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1659 Abstract + ( 1037 )   PDF ( 823673KB )   ( 830 ) To research the transforming mechanism of the rainfall in the canopy and soil layer, and the relationship between each water factors, the author investigated the factors for a year. The results showed that throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception made up of 71.63%, 11.54%, 16.30% of the rainfall, respectively, and stemflow, infiltration out of net rainfall accounted for 4.71%, 26.23% respectively, and evapotranspiration from canopy and soil accounted 52.65%, 16.30% for the rainfall respectively. Besides, the author analyzed the distribution characterization of water factors associated with hydrology, and indicated the effect in the hydrologic assessment in the ecological construction of the rubber forest from the aspects of theory and quantized index.

  Study on Methods of Total RNA Extraction from Cotyledon of Chinese Chestnut 2012, 28 (22):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0803 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 870154KB )   ( 813 ) In order to obtain an ideal total RNA extraction method of cotyledon in Chinese chestnuts for providing foundation for molecular biology research, total RNA of cotyledon excised from young fruit of Chinese chestnut were extracted with 6 methods, including improved CTAB method, borax-CTAB method, phenol-SDS method, bentonite method and 2 RNA extraction kits. The results showed that total RNA was obtained with 5 methods but borax-CTAB method. However, the improved CTAB method was better than phenol-SDS method, bentonite method and two RNA extraction kits. The total RNA extracted with improved CTAB method had high integrity, high purity and no DNA pollution, and would be suitable for related molecular researches, such as cDNA-AFLP markers.

  Full-length cDNA Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of CoUXS1 Gene in Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (22):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1090 Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 3343876KB )   ( 954 ) In order to reveal sequence features and structural function of the UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase gene in Camellia oleifera, and based for the further research, the specific primers were designed according to the UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase gene sequence from Camellia oleifera seed EST library. Using RT-PCR technology, the gene full-length cDNA clones were obtained. Then the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatic software. The results showed that: the ORF box included 1032 bp and encoded 344 amino acids. The sequence had typical UXS family motif sequence. The gene had closest phylogenetic relationship with GhUXS3 gene of Island cotton and localized in the cytoplasm with strong hydrophilicity. The gene was named CoUXS1 and the GenBank accession number was JN017094.

  Comparative Study on the Carbon Storage of Different Forest Management Modes in Northern Fujian 2012, 28 (22):  45-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1081 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 721469KB )   ( 995 ) In order to clarify the impact of different forest management modes on natural forest carbon storage, promote forests’ protection, development and sustained utilization of business district, the author used indirectly harvesting method to obtain the sample, and the content of carbon in plants was determined with the method of potassium dichromate colorimetric, the natural forest carbon storage was carried on the comparative analysis under 9 kinds of management modes. The result showed that: the combination of cutting patterns were more conducive to improve the forest tree trunks, branches and roots of carbon storage, but the carbon storage of leaves had little difference under a variety of operating modes. The distributions of the carbon storage for the natural forest stands was generally subjected to the tree layer>litter layer>herb layer>shrub layer, natural forest carbon storage was ready for the greatest in the combination of cutting patterns, and the conservation replanting mode was in the minimum, orientation training mode and thinning adjustment mode was in the medium. Forest carbon storage mainly concentrated in the tree layer, stands for each layer of the management mode were different, judging from the total amount of carbon storage, natural forest management mode selected combination of cutting patterns was more reasonable, more conducive to increase carbon storage of forest resource, promote to form the natural mixed forest which both were of high ecological and economic, push forward material cycle of forest ecosystem, promote the health of the ecological system and sustainable development.

  The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Typical Subtropical Plantations 2012, 28 (22):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1397 Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 659449KB )   ( 1015 ) In order to study the influence of soil organic carbon content by regeneration in typical subtropical plantations, the natural secondary forest in subtropical zone of Dagang Mountains of Jiangxi Province were cutting and regeneration of 4 plantations (Liriodendron chinense, Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Alnus-Liriodendron). On the basis of comparative analysis of different update characteristics of soil organic carbon content, and further correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were also used to analyze the influence of soil physic-chemical properties on soil organic carbon. Results showed that all regenerations significantly decreased content of soil organic carbon and changed the distribution characteristics compared with the natural secondary forest. The soil organic carbon content in the depth of 0-40 cm all decreased in the order of Liriodendron chinense>Pinus massoniana>Cunninghamia lanceolata>Alnus-Liriodendron. Liriodendron chinense was not conducive to the increase in soil carbon stocks, because it led to enormous reduction of soil organic carbon content comparing with other regenerated plantations. When Liriodendron chinense and Alnus mixed, it significantly narrowed the decline of the organic carbon content and showed a good mixed effect. The regression formula of organic carbon content and soil properties in the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were established with high regression estimation precision. The comparison with Beta suggested that soil nitrogen, available iron and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the leading factors of SOC content variation.

  The Competition of Different Strategy Spiders and the Regulating Effect of Soil N in Tropical Secondary Forest 2012, 28 (22):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1674 Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 738299KB )   ( 721 ) In order to further understand the relationship of different forage strategy spiders and the regulating factors, the study was performed as a microcosm experiment in two soils with different Nitrogen content. The paper studied interspecific and intraspecific competition under the influence of Collembola abundance and spider individual density. Our study demonstrated that wandering spiders’ mortality rate could increased with spider individual density, while sit-and-wait spiders’ biomass variation displayed a significant negative increase in CK treatment. Individual density of mixed species spiders has no influence on mortality, but the biomass variation expressed negative growth. In the +N treatment, wandering spiders’ individual density significantly influenced the mortality rate and biomass variation, while sit-and-wait spiders’ individual density has no influence on mortality rate and biomass variation. Increasing individual density of mixed species spiders would lead to higher mortality rate and positive biomass variation. The intraspecific competition of wandering spiders usually displayed on mortality rate, but the sit-and-wait spider’s intraspecific competition mainly displayed on biomass variation. The interspecific competition between mixed species was shown on the mortality rate change, and wandering spiders have a higher mortality rate.

  Physiological Response to Drought Stress of 13 Excellent Greening Climbing Plants 2012, 28 (22):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1532 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 633917KB )   ( 927 ) In order to make up the gaps of study in the drought resistance of greening climbing plants and provide climbing plants with excellent drought resistance for landscape greening, physiological response to drought stress of 13 excellent greening climbing plants, which were sieved from 54 species of 27 families in the resource repository, was studied in the test, using the indexes of leaf water retention, soluble sugar content and free proline content. The results showed that the difference of physiological response to drought stress among the 13 plants was significant, of which many indicators between the plant with the best drought resistance and the worst one had difference more than one times. After evaluating the comprehensive performance of 13 test plants using fuzzy function, Passiflora edulia Sims, Clerodendrum speciosum, Clerodendrum splendens，Lonicera japonica Thunb., Aristolochia ringens, Tristellateia australasiae A. and Beaumontia grandiflora Wall. were considered to have relatively better drought resistance while also had excellent landscape characters, which were worth to spread in the future.

  Anatomical Research on Vegetative Organ of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill 2012, 28 (22):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3865 Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 991077KB )   ( 790 ) The aim was to study the mechanism of salt-resistant of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill. The Characteristics of plant salt-resistant structures were studied by the method of paraffin section and light microscope from plant anatomical structure view. The epidermal cells were arranged compactly, and the typical salt glands were distributed in those cells. In addition, they also had thick cuticular and increment external tangential wall which were used for decreasing water evaporation. The vascular tissue in the roots was developed. Moreover, there were some other tissues whose function had not due to salt-resistant, but they contributed to enhance the salt resistance through increasing the transfusion tissue, mechanical tissue and assimilating tissue. There were a lots of salt glands distributed in the epidermis of leaves and caulis, which were typical characteristics of halophytes. In the course of adaptation, the salt gland, developed transfusion tissue, mechanical tissue and assimilating tissue were the basis of increasing the ability to salt resistance of L. aureum (L.) Hill.

  The Effects of Bark Replacing Peat in Culture Media on the Growth of Stromanthe sanguinea Sond. 2012, 28 (22):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1513 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 668010KB )   ( 776 ) In order to screen bark instead of peat on substrate formula, the treatment of 100% peat was used as control, the mixed media of peat and bark were applied to culture Stromanthe sanguinea Sond. The results indicated that the substrate formula with 20%-60% bark had some ideal physical properties in terms of bulk density，total porosity, air-filled porosity and water retaining property, compared to the medium of 100% peat. The optimal and second substrate formula were 60% peat+40% bark and 80% peat+20% bark, respectively, in which the bulk density, total porosity and water retaining property were about 0.20 g/cm3, 65% and 300 g/100 g, respectively. The suggested two media mentioned above could achieve more than 20% height, 15% crown width, 2.4% number of blade and 55%-65% leaf area, compared with the control.The optimal and second substrate formula were 60% peat + 40% bark and 80% peat + 20% bark, respectively, in which the bulk density，total porosity and water retaining property were about 0.2~0.3g/cm3，65% and 300g/100 g, respectively. The suggested two media mentioned above could achieve more than 20% height, 15% crown width, 2.4% number of blade and 55%~65% leaf area, compared with the control.

  Effects of Fertilization on the Nutrient Contents of Fresh Conifer and Forest Land Litter Conifer of the Pinus Massoniana Planted Young Forest 2012, 28 (22):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1227 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 639692KB )   ( 748 ) In order to verify the effects of fertilization on the nutrient contents of fresh conifer and of the Pinus massoniana planted young forest, set up the fixed sample sites of the 4 years old Pinus massoniana planted young forests, which were located in xerothermic valley area of northwest Guangxi. The author introduced the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizers with the different usage of fertilizer for fertilizer trial, namely the fertilized of A、B、C in turn were 1.0 kg/tree, 1.5 kg/tree and 2.0 kg/tree also CK (not manured) each of them with 3 repeat the test. The results were as follows: (1) the fresh conifer shoots from fertilization treatment showed higher content of N、P、K elements over no fertilizer treatment, increased 3.5%-40.7%. The main regularity of fertilized showed C＞B＞A, with the order of elements content were N (11.710-16.480 g/kg)＞K or Ca(4.362-5.685 g/kg)＞Mg(1.323-1.430 g/kg)＞P(0.690-0.932 g/kg)＞Mn(0.243-0.268 g/kg)＞Fe(0.193-0.247 g/kg)＞Zn(0.016-0.024 g/kg)＞B(0.005-0.009g/kg)＞Cu(0.003-0.004 g/kg). (2) The forest land litter conifer shoots from fertilization treatment showed higher content of N, P, K elements over no fertilizer treatment, increased 10.4%-49.9%. The main regularity of fertilized showed C＞B＞A, with the order of elements content were Ca(10.008-12.942 g/kg)＞N(6.357-7.281 g/kg)＞K or Mg(0.715-1.216 g/kg)＞Mn(0.391-0.740 g/kg)＞P(0.230-0.327 g/kg)＞Fe(0.210-0.253 g/kg)＞Zn(0.023-0.028 g/kg)＞B(0.008-0.012 g/kg)＞Cu(0.002-0.003 g/kg). (3) The nutrient contents of fresh conifer and forest land litter conifer of the Pinus massoniana planted young forest had a significant difference, of which the increment of contents of N, P, K, Mg, Cu elements of fresh conifer revealed fertilized than not manured improved, but the drop of contents of Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, B elements of forest land litter conifer.10.4 ％ ～ 49.9 ％. The main regularity of fertilized shows C＞B＞A, with the order of elements content are Ga(10.008～12.942 g/kg)＞N(6.357～7.281g/kg)＞K or Mg(0.715～1.216g/kg)＞Mn(0.391～0.740g/kg)＞P(0.230～0.327g/kg)＞Fe(0.210～0.253g/kg)＞Zn(0.023～0.028g/kg)＞B(0.008～0.012g/kg)＞Cu(0.002～0.003g/kg)。(3)The nutrient contents of fresh conifer and forest land litter conifer of the Pinus massoniana planted young forest had a significant difference, of which the increment of contents of N、P、K、Mg、Cu elements of fresh conifer revealed fertilized than not manured improved, but the drop of contents of Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn、B elements of forest land litter conifer .

  Theoretical and Empirical Study of Benefits from Collective Forestland Usufruct Transfer: Taking Shaowu, Fuzhou Province for Example 2012, 28 (22):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1475 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 714339KB )   ( 1047 ) Whether the benefit of collective forestland usufruct transfer is reasonable or not, matters the own benefits of each side of forest property transfer and the effect of the forest tenure reform appendix solutions. With the underlying data and the theoretical model, the author made analysis of annual revenue of collective forestland usufruct transfer, which based on different site qualities in Shaowu from 2000 to 2011. Then, it found timber prices rising and the government’s tax reform was main reasons of the transfer revenue rising in theory. Results show that forestland using price was significantly lower than transfer revenue in theory in Minzheng [2005] No. 50 and South Commission [2007] 37 document. Besides, grassroots economic organizations could not share residual benefits of operation right with Farmers. To some extent, forest land pricing of Yanping government could be taken as a price reference for Shaowu and the government in formulating the transfer policy. At last, innovation of forestland usufruct transfer price formation mechanism was the inevitable choice of reasonable allocation of the equity interests of all dispute and profit sharing.

  The Occurrence and Preventing Control Technology of Hylobitelus xiaoi Larvae. in Liuzhou 2012, 28 (22):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1105 Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 769951KB )   ( 859 ) Hylobitelus xiaoi Larvae. was a kind of new forest vermin pest breaking out seriously in the southern parts of China. In order to clearly know its regular life in the city of Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, master the effective preventing methods, and offer scientific measures to comprehensively curb the Hylobitelus xiaoi Larvae., the author learned the biologist and ecologist characteristics of Hylobitelus xiaoi Larvae. through regularly observing and analyzed the forest vermin pests and comparably analyzed the survey of the samples got from the forest. The results showed that one generation of Hylobitelus xiaoi Larvae. happens every two years in Liuzhou. The results showed that their appearance was somewhat related to the host, forest types, the direction of slope, the location of slope, site conditions and the coverage of inland forest. By using the manmade excavation to kill the younger larvae, the density of larvae population would be reduced by 85.29% compared with the same period in the following year. The preventing and controlling effects of moth road injection Thiacloprid and Omethoate pharmacy were respectively up to93.6% and 94.6%. The harm rate of the plant in the following year would reduced 3.33% by cleaning the miscellaneous irrigation around the host and using the ecological measures to control the fallen leaves and deadwood. According to the characteristics of the host, the victims of wetland pine would be cleaned in the way of manmade excavation to kill the younger larvae and the victims of Masson pine would be injected the pharmacy in combination of the cleaning measures. Both of them were effective ways to control the harm of Hylobitelus xiaoi larvae..

  Community structure and species diversity of Davidia involucrate in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve 2012, 28 (22):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0574 Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 666582KB )   ( 1010 ) To research the Davidia involucrate community situation in Badagongshan Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, using the sample plot method to analyze the floristic composition, structure, physiognomy and species diversity of Davidia involucrate community in Badagongshan Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, by field investigation of a 4000 m2 plot. The results showed that there were 160 vascular plant species in the community belonging to 73 families and 132 genera. The largest composition of Davidia involucrata community was the North Temperate Zone Plants, reached to 25.87 % (37 genera). Then was east Asia, about 16.08% (23 genera). The community vertical structure was simple, which composed of tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and interlayer plant. Herb layer was better than tree layer and shrub layer. In term of life form, 42.8% was phanerophytes and was similar to that in subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest. The Richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener index had similar trend, with herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer in the community. But Pielou evenness index was herb layer >tree layer >shrub layer. The species component of Davidia involucrate community had the typical transition characteristics that from the subtropics to the temperate zone. The community growth situation between metaphase normal growth and decline stage, and had not yet developed into its climax.

  Study on the Flora of Lingshui River Basin in Hainan Province 2012, 28 (22):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1052 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 628765KB )   ( 860 ) In order to protect the plant resources of Lingshui River Basin more better in Hainan Province, so there is study of the basin’s flora using quadrat based on lots of consultation of literatures and field investigations. The result demonstrated that: (1) there were recorded vascular plants 458 families and infraspecies, contained vascular plants 127 families, 360 genera: pteridophytes 19 families, 23 genera, 24 species; gymnosperms 3 families, 3 genera, 3 species; angiosperms 105 families, 334 genera, 431species; (2) There were 10 families of spermatophyte with more than 10 species, 8 genera of spermatophyte with more than 4 species; (3) Areal-types of families and genera of spermatophyte were 9 and 14, variant were 7 and 9, pan-tropical elements of the two occupied 53.49% and 29.32% of the non-world distribution; (4) Chinese endemic genera was little, only 3, 0.82% of the total non-world genera; It showed that there were plentiful plant resources in Lingshui River basin. Angiosperms had an absolute advantage over the others, which had a high degree of differentiation and a phenomenon of superior flora, of which dispersion patterns were varied and geographical elements were complicated, which had a significant tropical and subtropical nature and Temperate transitional nature; (5) There were 15 kinds protected plants of country and province. It was scientific value for knowing the plant’s origin and development of the river.

  Advances of Anther Culture in Pepper 2012, 28 (22):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0733 Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 634718KB )   ( 859 ) Various factors which affected the embryogenesis for pepper were induced, including donor plant, microspore developmental stage, basal media, plant growth regulators, supplements to the culture media and temperature stress treatment. Cytological studies of microspore embryogenesis, ploidy level of regenerants and diploidization of the genome were summarized. It also pointed out that although there had been a considerable increase in the amount of information concerning cellular and molecular aspects involved in microspore embryogenesis induction and embryo formation, still very little was known about the mechanism behind the change of pathways from gametophytic to embryonic. When the mystery of microspore embryogenesis was completely revealed, the technique for anther culture in pepper will be applied in more fields.

  Recent Research Advances of Self-incompatibility Genotypes (S and SFB/SLF) in Japanese Apricot 2012, 28 (22):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0037 Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 755380KB )   ( 973 ) Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) originates in China and it is a fruit crop with a typical of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). Previous studies have shown that GSI is controlled by S locus, which consists of a pistil determinant S-ribonuclease gene (S-RNase gene) and a pollen determinant gene (SFB/SLF gene). This paper mainly introduced the recent research advances of self-incompatibility genes (S genes and SFB/SLF genes) and AS-PCR theoretical basis for identifying the genotypes in Japanese apricot, and the main S-genotypes and SFB/SLF genotypes at home and abroad of Japanese apricot were summarized, which would be valuable for selecting appropriate pollinated varieties and incompatibility parents for hybridization breeding.

  Research Advances in Parameters of Container During Forced-air Precooling for Fruits and Vegetables chen chaohai 2012, 28 (22):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0849 Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 958643KB )   ( 884 ) In order to understand the effect of that parameters of pre-cooling container during forced-air precooling for fruits and vegetables, the related materials at home and abroad had been studied by people of nearly 20 years. It was found that the study was sufficient what the effect of the parameters (opening shape, opening size, opening rate, three-dimensional size) of container during forced-air precooling for fruits and vegetables, but the research about material selection of the pre-cooling packingcase and comprehensive effect of various parameters on the pre-cooling effect were still lack of research that needed to be further researched by scholars.

  Bioinformatics analysis of SAUR gene family in Brassica rapa 2012, 28 (22):  130-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3562 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 4845517KB )   ( 1159 ) The aim was to lay the foundation for the function of auxin response genes in the SAUR gene family in the future. The conserved motif, isoelectric point of amino acids, molecular evolution, expression pattern and other basic properties of early auxin responsive gene SAUR family were analyzed by the bioinformatics method on Brassica rapa. The results showed that there were 111 alkaline proteins, 31 acidic proteins, and one neutral protein. The SAUR gene family divided into two major subfamilies from the phylogenetic tree, one of the subfamily was still in the continued differentiation. 61 SAUR genes were found EST evidence and the genes expression was rich in sites. Through research and analysis that gene duplication of the SAUR gene family was a major characteristic, 143 genes contained 51 homologous pairs.

  The Preliminary Study on Screening Low-temperature-resistant Mutants of Tomato with Chemical Mutagenesis 2012, 28 (22):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2487 Abstract + ( 1340 )   PDF ( 676725KB )   ( 815 ) In order to induce low-temperature-resistant mutants of tomato with chemical mutagen, callus of totamo variety ‘TTI1103B-2’ were treated with different concentrations of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (NaN3) for different time to determine the Semi-lethal dose and the appropriate processing time by the callus survival rate. The results showed that the survival rate of callus decreased with treated time at the same chemical mutagenesis concentration, meanwhile, the survival rate of callus dropped down by the chemical mutagenesis concentration at the same time treatment. Semi-lethal dose of EMS was 0.2% concentration for 20-40 min, and the concentration of NaN3 was 3.0 mmol/L for 40-60 min.

  Study on the Anther Culture of Processing Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 2012, 28 (22):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0459 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 984398KB )   ( 897 ) In order to meet the needs of the Chongqing pepper efficient breeding and germplasm innovation, pepper anther culture research was studied. Two processing pepper varieties 578 and 186 and a sweet pepper variety ‘Haifeng 28’ were selected as the experimental materials. The time and temperature of the pretreatment and pre-incubation were studied. By the orthogonal experimental design we explored the effects of the basic medium, plant growth regulating substances, activated carbon, silver nitrate, carbon source on anther culture. The results indicated that 35℃ for 7 days was the suitable pretreatment condition for all the three materials, the plant induction rates of pepper 578,186, sweet pepper ‘Haifeng 28’ were 4.86%, 2.50%, 0.56%. Two genotype-specific optimization of culture medium were established by orthogonal test analysis and one culture medium suited to the two genotypes was obtained. The ploidy identification showed that haploid plantlets with 12 chromosomes were regenerated from anthers of all the three genotypes. Socking the growing point with the mixture of 0.2% colchicine and saturated p-dichlorobenezene for 24 hours, double haploid plants were successfully obtained.

  Effect of Ca2+ on Growth and carbohydrate contents of Pepper Seedlings Under Root-zone Flood Stress 2012, 28 (22):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0571 Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 1313711KB )   ( 866 ) In order to studied the effect that Ca2+ to the growth of Pepper seedling (Capsicum frutescent L.) and carbohydrates content under different time (0 day, 3 days, 6 days, 9 days and 12 days) with the root flooded stress, we used Huaxi Dangwu pepper as the material by Ca2+ soaking treatment. The results showed that, flooding add Ca2+ and flooding achieved significant level except aboveground department dry weight on 12 days. In carbohydrates aspects, the content of sucrose and fructose were Fl+Ca > Fl > CK in roots, stem and leaves, the content of soluble sugar was Fl > Fl+Ca > CK in roots, stem and leaves, the content of glucose and starch were Fl+Ca > Fl > CK in stem and leaves, CK > Fl > Fl+Ca in roots. Influence of Ca2+ on impact the growth of pepper seedling and carbohydrates under water flooding, the results obtained might give some guidance for studying and countermeasures of flooding stress.

  Effect on the Storage Quality for Stored Agrocybe chaxingu with the Modified Atmosphere Package with or Without Silicon Gum Film as Window 2012, 28 (22):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0551 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 779061KB )   ( 739 ) In order to improve the quality for stored Agrocybe chaxingu, modified atmosphere packages with or without silicon gum film windows were used for storing Agrocybe chaxingu and the changes of contents of total sugar, protopectin, WSP (water solution pectin), protein and total amino acid, amino acid and cellulos were studied. The results showed that, compare to the packages without silicon gum film as windows, the contents of total sugar, protopectin, protein and total amino acid in the Agrocybe chaxingu stored in packages with silicon gum film as windows decreased slowly, and the contents of cellulos, WSP (water solution pectin) and amino acid in the Agrocybe chaxingu stored in packages with silicon gum film had a little increase. The packages with silicon gum film as windows were better for storing Agrocybe chaxingu, and the Agrocybe chaxingu kept more total sugar and protein, better taste, and had better quality.

  Effects of Different Capacity Treatments on Leaves Photosynthetic and Storage Nutrition of ‘Red Fuji’ Apple Trees in Full Fruit Period 2012, 28 (22):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0810 Abstract + ( 1285 )   PDF ( 801646KB )   ( 912 ) The ‘Red Fuji’ apple trees in full fruit period were used to study on the relationship between the different capacity treatments and leaves photosynthetic and storage nutrition during three years. The results showed that increase of load, Pn, CE and WUE of leaves were gradually declined. Performance for treatment A> treatment B> treatment C> treatment D> treatment E, while the intercellular CI and Tr of leaves were treatment E> treatment D> treatment C> treatment B> treatment A. The storage nitrogen and carbon in the branches and roots of trees were reduced with the increase of amount of nutrition. As the continuous processing increase, amplitude of the reducing increased. The suitable capacity of apple garden under the medium management in full fruit period was 45000-60000 kg/hm2, this might ensure the trees’ normal photosynthesis and more storage nutrition and be helpful for years of high quality.

  Effect of Sheltering from Rain on Apple Leaf Growth 2012, 28 (22):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0683 Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 753718KB )   ( 878 ) In order to explore the effect of sheltering from rain on apple leaf growth, with 11-year-old ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ plants as the materials, and the impact of leaf growth between rain shelter cultivation and open field were learned. The results showed that: leaf thickness of ‘Golden Delicious’ was no significantly between rain shelter cultivation and open field. The light intensity in rain shelter cultivation was lower than open field; chlorophyll content in rain shelter cultivation was higher than open field. There were significant differences of leaf’s content of mineral elements between two kinds of cultivation model. The expressions of photosynthesis-related genes psaB, psbA, psbD, RA, atpB were difference. AtpB gene was the most obvious; it is only expressed in the rain cultivation, but the expression of psbA was not affected by cultivation methods. The study provided an important basis for the application of sheltering from rain on apple.

  Changing of Mineral Nutrition Distribution in Cuguan pear Tree 2012, 28 (22):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1135 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 823730KB )   ( 1056 ) Taking two years ‘Cuiguan’ pear tree as material, test nine elements’ annual change of different organs of it. Analysis was made at the relationships among these elements. Results showed that: (1) At the beginning of growth, content of N, P, K and Mg declining in every organ. In the middle phase, they got more first and then less down. Finally phase, they went upward. (2) Ca, Mn and Zn increase at first. In the middle phase, they nearly had no change in roots, trunks and branches. And in leaves, Ca and Mn increased and then decreased, and Zn got the opposite trend. In the last phase, they all rose in all parts. (3) Content of Fe and Cu showed a rising to peak and slashing down similarly liked normal distribution both in roots and trunks. At the beginning, Fe and Cu in branches got lower after increased. Fe content increased, while Cu content decreased in shoots and leaves. In the middle phase, Cu went up first and then down in branches, while Fe didn’t get much change. Both Fe and Cu got little change in branches and leaves. In the last phase, their content increased in most of parts, except Fe in roots which declined. In the annual orchard management, we suggested paying more attention to the nutrition storage before the trees’ nutritional growth start, and moderately adding supplementary fertilizer in the middle term.

  Predation on Tetranychus viennensis Zacher. by Natural Enemies in Korla Pear Orchard 2012, 28 (22):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3713 Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 720104KB )   ( 750 ) In order to study control effects of natural enemies in Korla Pear orchard on the Tetranychus viennensis Zacher. by systematically investigation and indoor observation, and the predation functional response and interference response were analyzed. The results showed that the population density of the T. viennensis and the predation rate of the key natural enemies fit a second-degree parabola, and the daily predation rate reached the peak when there were 140 spider mites per leaf, in which the Scolothrips takahashii Prisener showed the dominant role. Key natural enemies showed a II type functional response to the population density of the T. viennensis during the increasing phase of the population. The inner interference between the key natural enemies was increased during the predation. S. takahashii played an important regulatory role in the harm of the T. viennensis.

  Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on Photosynthesis and Hormone Levels in Prunus mira Koehne 2012, 28 (22):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1872 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 794531KB )   ( 929 ) In order to investigate effect of ultraviolet radiation on the growth, development, physiology and biochemistry of Prunus mira Koehne, which was used as the material in this experiment and cultured in the specially Tibet ultraviolet environment, treated with ultraviolet(280-320 nm) by different intensity at different time. During the period of experiment, we checked these parameters: such as leaf number, chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance and the change of plant hormones. The results showed that, ultraviolet treatment could restrained the growth trend of Prunus mira, such as inhibited the new leaves growing, enhanced the falling rate of old leaves and also reduced the content of chlorophyll. In the later period of treatment, net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance was reduced, during the ultraviolet treatment, the contents of ZR, GA in Prunus mira leaves was increased, accompany with the treatment period, the trend was continued, from the third day, contents of IAA decreased continually for the whole treatment period, the contents of ABA had a great growth from the third day to ninth day and reached culmination, after that decrease for a little

  Effects of Root Restriction on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Sucrose Metabolism of ‘Houman’ Grapevine 2012, 28 (22):  190-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0368 Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 953730KB )   ( 937 ) In order to explore the root restriction on physiological effects in berry, 3-year-old ‘Houman’ was used to examine the effects of root restriction on photosynthetic characteristics and sucrose metabolism. The results showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate (Pn) in root restriction was accordance with that in CK. Compared with CK, the treatment had higher net Pn, stomata conductance (Gs) and transpiration ratio (Tr). Chl content of RR was higher than that of CK. Total sugar content and the enzyme activities related with sucrose metabolism in berries from the RR was higher than that of CK in the later stages of berry development. The results indicated that higher enzyme activity and their comprehensive action in the later stages of berry development could explain the mechanism by which root restriction affected sugar accumulation, ultimately improved berry qualities.

  The Behavior Responses of Scythropus yasunatsui to Volatiles Emanating from Different Cultivars of Jujube Trees 2012, 28 (22):  197-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1355 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 586838KB )   ( 910 ) In order to provide new method to develop botanical attractant for controlling and monitoring S. yasunatsui, with 6 cultivars of jujube leaves and buds as test materials, the author studied the host orientation mechanism of adults Scythropus yasunatsui. The clear air was set as control, the behavior responses of adults of S. yasunatsui to volatiles emanating from 6 cultivars of jujube leaves and buds were measured by using a Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. The results showed that response rates of S. yasunatsui to volatiles emanating from 6 cultivars of jujube leaves were 53.57%-57.58%, and volatiles emitted from 6 cultivars of jujube leaves had not obvious attractant to all adults (P>0.05). While response rates of S. yasunatsui to volatiles emanating from Zanhuang jujube buds, Huping jujube buds and Jun bud were above 68%, these volatiles of buds were more attractive significantly than the control to adults of S. yasunatsui (P<0.05).

  Effects of Application of Manure and Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Leaf Nutrient 2012, 28 (22):  201-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0228 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 657983KB )   ( 1028 ) Effects of Manure And Microbial Fertilizer on citrus showed that: in comparison with CK, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer can increased available N,P,K contents in varying degrees, compared with CK ,as the treatment of CK’s 6.4%,24.7% and 24.9%. and it can also enhanced the organic matter content of soil, the treatment of Comparison by manure(40kg)and microbial fertilizer increased within 15.6%;and decreased the soil bulk density, reduced soil pH, to improve the soil fertility. The number of fungi, bacteria were more than CK , but the number of ray fungi was a bit less than CK in the treatment of manure. And it also can improve leaf nutrient.

  Effects of Heavy Metal Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Eight Urban Plants 2012, 28 (22):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1619 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 1084853KB )   ( 995 ) Eight urban herbaceous plants (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis palustris, Cynodon dactylon, Coreopsis lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Impatiens walleriana) were cultivated in Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd solutions of a series of concentrations to investigate the effects of heavy metals on seed germination and seedling growth. The results indicated that the effects of seed germination and seedling growth varied with metals and plants species. Zinc and Pb inhibited seed germination of Trifolium repens, but increased in other species. Both Cu and Cd inhibited seed germination to all the eight species. For seedling growth, all species were promoted differently by Zn and Pb but extremely decreased by Cu solutions, resulting in rootless seedlings even in low concentrations. Except for Poa pratensis, Cynodon Dactylon, Coreopsis lanceolata and Agrostis palustris, Cd also showed stress to the urban herbaceous plants. All the metals showed toxicity to root growth of all the species studied.

  Effects of Exogenous Gibberellins on the Pigmentation in Gerbera hybrida Ray Floret 2012, 28 (22):  212-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0404 Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 662415KB )   ( 827 ) At the development stage 1 of red petal Gerbera hybrida cultivar ‘Hongditan’, exogenous gibberellins of different concentration at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mg/L were sprayed on flower bud, the effect of exogenous gibberellins on petal pigmentation was investigated. Results showed that exogenous gibberellins can promote the anthocyanin biosynthesis, The flavonoids biosynthesis and soluble sugar accumulation were most promoted when the exogenous gibberellins concentrations among 100-200 mg/L, the activity of PAL was improved when the exogenous gibberellins concentrations above 200 mg/L exclusively, so it effects the pigmentation in ray floret.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application at Bloom Time on Endogenous Hormone Content of Bormeliaceae 2012, 28 (22):  216-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0336 Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 757887KB )   ( 1490 ) In order to study the effects of nitrogen at bloom time on flowering, and to provide a theoretical basis for flowering regulation, the effects of nitrogen application at bloom time on endogenous hormone content and hormone ratio of Bormeliaceae were investigated. The results showed that: nitrogen application at bloom time decreased the contents of zeatin nucleotides (ZRs) and abscisic acid (ABA), increased the contents of gibberellins (GAs) in leaves and roots of Bormeliaceae, but has the less influence on the contents of auxins (IAA), resulting in the decrease of ABA/IAA, ABA/GAs, ZRs/GAs and ZRs/IAA ratio in leaves and roots. At the same time, the flower bud differentiation rate and the quality of flower decreased, and the flowering date was delayed. The results suggest that nitrogen application at bloom time can decrease the flower forcing effect by influence the endogenous hormone content and the balance of hormone ratio.

  Cymbidium physiological changes during flower bud 2012, 28 (22):  222-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3652 Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 774414KB )   ( 777 ) In order to investigate the changes of nutrients in the Cymbidium flower bud differentiation process, the changes of carbohydrates of the leaves and axillary buds in Cymbidium were studied with two different treatments (Treated at an altitude of 1000 m high mountain intelligent greenhouses, control group was placed in the greenhouse within the plains). The results showed that: (1) the pseudobulb of treatment group grew faster than that of control group and the flower buds of 2 cm appeared in 90 d. (2) reducing sugar content in the two sets of leaves increased within 90 d, while the reducing sugar content decreased in the axillary bud. The treatment group changed faster than that of the control group. (3) treated leaf soluble sugar content reached the maximum value of 118.4 mg/gDM in 90 d; soluble sugar in axillary bud reached a high point of 107.6 mg/gDM in 50 to 60 d. (4) the starch content of the treated leaves and axillary buds in about 60 d to reach the maximum value of 65.8 mg/gDM and 43.8 mg/gDM; control group leaves and axillary bud starch content in 90 d to maximum value of 56.8 mg/gDM and 39.6 mg/gDM. The low day temperature and a larger temperature difference between day and night promoted accumulations of nutrients in Cymbidium, and facilitated flower bud differentiation for early flowering.

  Pathogen Identification and Fungicide-screening of the Dry Rot on Schefflera actinophylla 2012, 28 (22):  227-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1501 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 1327271KB )   ( 727 ) In order to study the pathogen causing dry rot of Schefflera actinophylla and its proper fungicides to instruct production, the pathogen was identified and toxicity of its fungicides was tested. Dry rot of Schefflera actinophylla was identified via morphology and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The result showed that the disease was caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Toxicity of eight fungicides to L. theobromae was tested by measuring mycelium growth rate. The result showed that carbendazim 50% WP had the best inhibition to the growth of L. theobromae, which EC50 was 0.02 μg/mL. Prochloraz 45% EW, tebuconazole 43% SC, difenoconazole 10% WG and propiconazole 25% EC also exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of L. theobromae, the EC50 of four fungicides were less than 1 μg/mL.

  Correlation Analysis Between C/N and the Amount of Chilling Treatment During the Release of Dormant Floral Buds in Paeonia suffruticosa 2012, 28 (22):  231-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0770 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 707713KB )   ( 757 ) Paeonia suffroticosa’ Lu He Hong’ was selected as plant materials in this research. During the dormancy release, the dynamic changes in contents of the endogenous soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble starch and free amino acid and the activity of amylase and Glutamine synthase were measured in order to explore the physiological mechanism of dormancy releasing in tree peony, relevance to nutrients content. The results showed that contents of the soluble protein, soluble sugar, and soluble starch had varying degrees of increasing. After 15 days of chilling treatment, dormancy was broken and the content of the soluble protein decreased, then increased again. But the content of free amino acid had no significant difference from the control. Carbon and nitrogen ratio was lower with no chilling treatment. The ratio after chilling treatment was continuously increased and maintained at high level. Furthermore, the activity of amylase increased but the change trend was slow, with the content of soluble sugar increasing, to increase the accumulation of carbohydrates. The activity of Glutamine synthase showed the trend o f increasing firstly and lowering then, reaching the highest value under 15 days chilling treatment.

  Genomic DNA Isolation and Optimization for ISSR Reaction System of Tussilago farfara L. 2012, 28 (22):  236-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3766 Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 1402640KB )   ( 772 ) To investigate the genetic diversity and identification of germplasm resources, the genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves of Tussilago farfara L. by using the SDS, CTAB, modified SDS and modified CTAB methods. The extraction effects of different methods were compared. The subsequent ISSR-PCR condition was explored, using the DNA harvested from modified CTAB methods. The results showed that the modified SDS and CTAB methods could effectively obtain high quality DNA, and the most suitable mixture was as follows: total 20μl reaction volume containing template DNA 20ng, 1.0 UTaq DNA polymerase, 2.00 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.20 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.6 μmol/L pimer, 1×PCR buffer.

  Effect of Sucrose on Growth of Tissue Culture Seedling and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Begonia Fimbritipula Hance on Dinghushan Mountain 2012, 28 (22):  242-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1017 Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 704526KB )   ( 780 ) In order to solve the problem of tissue culture seedlings leaves faded red return green in the rapid propagation system of Begonia fimbritipula Hance on Dinghushan Mountain. Adventitious bud with corm was used as explants, using the sucrose concentration screening method, researched of anthocyanin synthesis of Begonia fimbritipula Hance. Results showed that: In the basic culture medium (MS＋NAA 0.3 mg/L＋IBA 0.2 mg/L＋carrageenan 7.0 g/L), appropriate raised sucrose concentration at 45-60 g/L，was in favor of seedling growth more stronger and anthocyanin accumulation, relative content of anthocyanin was 0.417μmol/(g?FW). But when concentration of sucrose was ≥75 g/L, the growth of the seedlings was obvious inhibition.

  Isolation、identification and antibiotic activity of alkaloid-producing endophytic fungi from Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. 2012, 28 (22):  247-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0079 Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 1332426KB )   ( 743 ) The aim was to reveal the potential value of the endophytes in Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., diversity and bioactivities of alkaloid-metabolites derived from endophytic fungus were studied. Alkaloids from the fermentation products of endophytic fungus were detected by Dragendorff’s and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The agar-well diffusion method was applied to test the antibiotic activities. The screened strain was classified by morphological features combining with sequencing of internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS). There were thirteen endophytes isolated from the healthy bulbs of F. przewalskii, of them the strain G6 had the ability to produce several alkaloid components. However, according to the TLC analysis, these alkaloids from strain G6 were not identical with standard substances or those from bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. The crude extract of alkaloids played a positive role in inhibiting the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, significantly and moderately, respectively. With the help of morphological features and the information contained by ITS sequences, the strain G6 was identified as Fusarium sambbucinum. On the basis of above factors, it was most likely that the strain G6 had wide prospect as a kind of donor source in exploiting new antibiotic substances and novel alkaloids, even though it could not produce the associated-plant alkaloids.

  Studies on the Correlation Between Polysaccharides Accumulation and Sugar Metabolizing Enzymes in Ganoderma lucidum 2012, 28 (22):  253-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0569 Abstract + ( 1389 )   PDF ( 716174KB )   ( 767 ) In order to study the enzymatic mechanisms responsible for polysaccharides synthesis, the changes of polysaccharides, reducing sugar and metabolism-related enzymes in developing G. lucidum were analyzed. The contents of polysaccharides and reducing sugar were determined with phenol-sulfuric acid method and DNS method, respectively. The activities of six kinds of sugar metabolism-related enzymes were assayed. The correlation between polysaccharides accumulation and sugar metabolism-related enzymes was analyzed with SPSS 17.0. The change tendency of G. lucidum polysaccharides and reducing sugar changed similarly. The maximum content of polysaccharides and reducing sugar appeared in pileus phase. The polysaccharides accumulation was consistent with the change tendency of activities of six kinds of metabolism-related enzymes from the budding phase to the pileus phase, but not with that of G-6-PDH and MDH after the pileus phase. The content of polysaccharides had significant positive correlations with the activities of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPGPPlase), α-phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) and phosphoglucose (PGI). However, there were not significant correlations between polysaccharides and the activities of hexokinase (HK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). UDPGPPlase, α-PGM and PGI play the important role in the biosynthesis of G. lucidum fruiting body polysaccharides.

  The Effects of Planting Density and Transplanting Time on the Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (22):  258-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0581 Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 711539KB )   ( 805 ) To study the effects of planting density and transplanting time on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted by a split plot design, including two planting density as main treatment and three transplanting as vice treatment, to investigate the effects of planting density and transplanting time on the growth period and type of flue-cured tobacco plants, and analysis the relationship planting density and transplanting time and yield and its components, leaf chemical composition, sensory quality. The results showed that: (1) With the postponement of the transplanting period, the development of the tobacco was stunting, and the growth peak period and baked period tended to shorten. Planting density has no significant effect on the processes of development on tobacco plant. (2) The rate of early flowers and branch tobaccos in tobaccos were increased when transplanting time was early or late, and were no significantly affected by planting density of flue-cured tobacco. (3) Ahead of transplanting, the yield of high-density planting was significantly higher than that of the low-density planting; Normal or postponed transplanting, planting density had no significant effect on the yield of flue-cured tobacco; When the transplanting was in advance or postpone, planting density reduced can lead to the decline about the concentration of aroma in the central leaf. The transplanting time advanced can reduce the sensory quality in upper leaves, and the transplanting time postponed was to improve the sensory quality of the upper leaves. Therefore, the reasonable configuration of planting densities and the transplanting time play an important role to regulate the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, as well as to build on the high yield and quality.

  Effects of Topping in Different Times and Branching after Topping on Improvement of Usability of Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety K326 2012, 28 (22):  265-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0543 Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 625214KB )   ( 695 ) The field trials were studied to improve the usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco Variety K326. The results showed that it was more appropriate to top than the others in flower of central flowers for the normal growth tobacco plants. However, it was more appropriate to branch after topping for the abnormal tobacco plants. Tobacco yields and qualities can be greatly increased by these measures. In a word, it suggests that it is very meaningful for the achievement of better yield and quality for K326.

  Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth and Economic Benefits of Aromatic Tobacco 2012, 28 (22):  272-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0863 Abstract + ( 1015 )   PDF ( 687566KB )   ( 591 ) The field experiment studied the effect for aromatic tobacco ‘Yunnam Tobacco Basima 1’(YNOTBS1), on growth potential and economic benefit through different treatment of irrigation and nitrogen application. The result showed that the irrigation consumption at rapid growing period of aromatic tobacco was a most important fact which could influent the growth and income. Not only the Growing potential above ground part, height of plant, amount and size of leaves were increased, but also the dry matter accumulation of leaves, yield and value were significantly increased, as the increased of irrigation at rapid growing period on aromatic tobacco; The dry matter of accumulation quantity of stems and roots were on rise, as the increased of nitrogen application. It was beneficial to the growth of aromatic tobacco of ‘Yunnam Tobacco Basima 1’(YNOTBS1) and made it possible to get higher yield and value when supplied with 75 kg/hm2 nitrogen, while irrigated enough water.

  Forecasting for Main Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco in Yunnan Based on Climate Comparability 2012, 28 (22):  277-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3734 Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 609547KB )   ( 697 ) For studying the problem that forecasting flue-cured tobacco quality with meteorological factors, the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco in 83 tobacco-planting counties of Yunnan Province in 2004 were divided into 10 types, which was based on total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen and protein, according to the principle of minimum square Euclidean distance by using systemic cluster analysis. According to the theory that similar chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in similar climatic conditions, the Euclidean distance of meteorological conditions between the 83 tobacco-planting counties in 2005 and the corresponding 10 types of chemical quality in flue-cured tobacco were calculated. To the principle that the smaller distance, the higher similarity, the main chemical compositions and quality types of tobacco leaf were predicted. The results showed that percent relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen and protein predictive values were 8.91%, 10.40%, 22.31%, 10.46% and 13.08%, respectively. The predictive effect of this method was general better in mid-value and high-value areas than in low-value area of chemical compositions. The results suggested that this method has a certain feasibility for chemical compositions forecast of tobacco.

  Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield, Quality and Nutrients Absorption Efficiency in Water Spinach 2012, 28 (22):  282-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3689 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 782322KB )   ( 824 ) To explore the effect of plant growth regulator on decreasing fertilizer rates and improving nutrient utilization for vegetable crop, a field experiment was carried out to study the response of 5 combinations of PGRs on yield, quality, and nutrient utilization of water spinach with 50% conventional fertilization (CF). The results showed that foliar spray PGRs 1-3 significantly increased the aboveground yield by 11.3%, 12.9% and 15.7%, compared with 50% CF alone respectively, which were comparable to those obtained with CF. NO3- content of PGRs-treated water spinach (PGR1-5) was very significantly decreased by 58.2%-64.4% and 30.9%-58.2% compared with CF and 50% CF, respectively. Moreover, foliar spray PGR1 significantly enhanced N absorption, and utilization efficiency of N was up to 58.6%. The improvement were over 50% compared with CF and 50%CF. Therefore, foliar spray of PGRs could improve quality and nitrogen utilization in water spinach reduce fertilizer rate without damaging the yield, especially the combination of PGR1.

  Optimization and Establishment of MSAP Reaction System for Apple 2012, 28 (22):  287-292.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3781 Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 1401412KB )   ( 792 ) In order to establish suitable MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism) reaction system for apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), ‘Gala’ was used as material to screen the key factors in the system. It found that 600 ng genomic DNA could be fully digested by EcoRⅠ, HapⅡ or MspⅠ, 10 U respectively, at 37℃ for 12 h. The 20 μL pre-amplification reaction mixture contained the follow factors, DNA template 1 μL, 2×PCR master mix 10 μL (Taq DNA polymerase 1 U, dNTPs 5 mM, Mg2+ 30 mM), ddH2O 2 μL, primers E/HM 3 μL, respectively. The amplification products were diluted 60 times for the selective amplification. The 20 μL selective pre-amplification reaction mixture contained DNA template 2 μL, 2×PCR master mix 10 μL (Taq DNA polymerase 1U, dNTPs 5 mM, Mg2+ 30 mM), ddH2O 2 μL, Primer EcoR-ACA/HpaII-MspI-TCAA 3 μL respectively. Two pairs of MSAP primer combinations were used in the methylation style analysis, clear and stable MSAP patterns could be obtained. Total 91 specific bands were detected, 12 specific bands for each MSAP paired marker, and the statistics showed that the methylation degree of callus (40%) was higher than leaf (25%).

  Study on Test Guideline of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability for Longan 2012, 28 (22):  293-297.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0610 Abstract + ( 1517 )   PDF ( 594584KB )   ( 983 ) The distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) test guideline was the reference and technical standards for the substantive examination. TGP/7 Development of Test Guidelines of International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) was the basis for research of test guidelines. The DUS test guideline for longan strictly followed the basic principle of TGP/7, used the descriptors for Longan for reference, thus determined 45 characteristics, 26 example varieties and assessment of DUS. This paper gave very detail description of research principles, grading criteria of characteristics and selection of characteristics and example varieties. It was also pointed out that the combination of DNA molecular markers and morphological test was direction of development of test guidelines.

  The Creation and Practice of the Online Course of Plant Tissue Culture Based on Blackboard 2012, 28 (22):  298-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0741 Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 1042959KB )   ( 635 ) Plant Tissue Culture is an important professional course for biological, garden and gardening major, with a lot of knowledge points and demanding high operation skill which make the course difficult. The online course of Plant Tissue Culture was created to make the course real-time interactive based on the Blackboard system. This article introduced the creation of the online course of Plant Tissue Culture from the following aspects: the survey, the interface, the intercommunion platform and the online test. In addition, this article analyzed and appraised the education reform based on online teaching system.

  Exploitation and Utilization of Rhododendron Linn. Plant Resources 2012, 28 (22):  303-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0758 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 566294KB )   ( 857 ) In order to speed up the exploitation and permanent utilization of wild Rhododendron Linn. plant resources in Shaanxi, the distribution of wild Rhododendron Linn. plant resources in Qinling Mountains was studied by means of reading reference, investigation in field and discriminate specimens. The results indicated that there were 16 species in Qinling Mountains. They were distributed in high elevation and showing vertical distribution regularity. Based on the character and use, Rhododendron plant resources were classified into ornamental plant, medicinal resources and other resources, and their using value were expounded. The study provided scientific evidences for further exploitation and utilization of Rhododendron wild resources in Qinling Mountains.

  Researches on the Symplocos and Its Prospect of Landscape Application 2012, 28 (22):  308-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0929 Abstract + ( 1015 )   PDF ( 573078KB )   ( 1013 ) In order to stimulate rational development and utilization for plant resources of Symplocos, and promote studies and landscape use of Symplocos in China. Based on the brief analysis of originated resources of Symplocos in China, the review of Symplocos research were summarized. The author also discussed the planting design of Symplocos species in landscapes. Symplocos resources and application had not been paid much attention in China. The potential of Symplocos used as urban landscaping plants should be developed, thus could benefit the diversity of landscape and garden plants.

  The Application of GIS in Landscape Planning for Different Scales 2012, 28 (22):  312-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0775 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 757130KB )   ( 1550 ) This paper described the advantage of Geographic Information System in spatial analysis and processing, reviewed the new developments in landscape planning because of GIS, pointed out that the functionality of GIS for different landscape-scale application is important for better play the role of GIS. This paper also analyzed the advantages of application of GIS in landscape planning, compared the application effect of GIS in landscape detail and spatial scales, in spaces and neighborhood scales, as well as in community and regional scale, summarized the application effect of GIS, pointed out a new direction of 3D GIS application in landscape planning.