Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.23 Published:15 August 2012

  23

  PCR-RFLP Analysis on ghr Gene, igf-1 Gene and Combination Effects on Meat Performance in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken 2012, 28 (23):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1216 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 999106KB )   ( 815 ) This study was designed to determine the relation between the meat performance of Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken and combination effects of ghr gene and igf-1 gene. PCR-RFLP technique was used to analysis the polymorphisms of ghr gene and igf-1 gene, while least square method was used to analysis the correlation between the meat performance of the 17 weeks old Zhuanghe Dagu chicken and specific genotypes as well as the combination effect of ghr, igf-1. It turned out that both of the genes have 3 different genotypes, the frequency of each genotype met the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium. The chickens with the combination genotype GGTT, GHTT and GGKT had significant better performances in terms of live weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, pectorales weight, average daily gain than those with other genotypes (P<0.05). Above all, combination genotype GGTT, GGKT, GHTT of both ghr gene and igf-1 gene contribute significantly to the meat performance of the chickens. Further study was still needed to determine whether these specific genotypes could be taken advantage as candidates in the breeding application.

  Effect of Taurine on Nutrient Utilization of Ration, Development of Immune Organs and Slaughter Performance in Broiler Chicken 2012, 28 (23):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1692 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 624475KB )   ( 754 ) In order to study the Effect of Taurine on Nutrient Utilization of Diet, development of immune organs and slaughter performance in broiler chicken, 450 commercial generation Avain broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups , each group with 4 duplications, and each duplication with 30 chickens. Fed the basal diet in groupⅠ, and fed the basal diet supplemented 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% Taurine in groupⅡ, group Ⅲ, group Ⅳand group Ⅴ, respectively. The test period was 42 days. The results showed that the broilers in experimental group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ all improved greatly (P<0.05) on the utilization of crude proteins and crude fats contrast to the group Ⅰ. On 3 weeks old, the index of spleen of groupⅠ had significant differences compared with group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ (P<0.05). On 6 weeks old, the index of Bursa of Fabricius of group Ⅲ had significant differences compared with groupⅠ (P<0.05). The index of breast muscle percentage and thickness of subcutaneous fat of group Ⅳ had significant differences compared with groupⅠ (P<0.05). The lean meat percentage of group Ⅳand group Ⅴ had significant differences compared with groupⅠ (P<0.05). Taurine added to the ration of broiler chicken could significantly increase the utilization of nutrient and increase the index of immune organs, improve the immune function of broilers. It could also improve the slaughter performance of broiler chicken, significantly increase the breast muscle percentage and the lean meat percentage, but the thickness of subcutaneous fat was significantly decreased.

  The Effect of Applying Exogenous Plant Hormone on Seed Formation and Germination Characteristic of Leymus chinensis 2012, 28 (23):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3244 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 659546KB )   ( 815 ) The aim was to improve the yield and quality of Leymus chinensis. The experiment was conducted by applying GA3, IAA and KT on L. chinensis jointing stage, to investigate the change of seed number and weight, and the characteristic of seed germination. The results indicated that, different exogenous hormone had diverse effects on the seed formation and germination on L. chinensis. GA3 and KT enhanced the number and weight of seeds of L. chinensis. However, GA3 had no significant effect on seed germination, but KT markedly decreased the various index of seed germination. Although IAA had no significant effect on the seeds number and weight per plant, it increased the various index of seed germination and the root length. Therefore, foliar spray with GA3 could effective improve the seed number and weight of L. chinensis, and application with IAA could increase the seed germination quality of the season.

  Association Between Temperature and Humidity Changing of Different Cross-sectionsof Microorganism Fermentation Bed and Micro-climate Condition of Pigsty 2012, 28 (23):  15-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3976 Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 531184KB )   ( 726 ) In this study, association between temperature and humidity changing of different cross-section of microorganism fermentation bed and micro-climate condition of pigsty was analyzed to discover the mechanism of microorganism fermentation bed. The results showed that: (1) There was significant difference in temperature changing between different cross-sections of microorganism fermentation bed (P<0.01). Temperature of cross-section at 10 cm was increased 2.56℃ than surface (P<0.05), Temperature of cross-section at 20-40 cm was increased 7.10-9.42℃ than surface (P<0.01). (2) The packing moisture content of cross-section of fermentation bed in 10cm was higher 11.5% than 20cm (P<0.05) and 13.5% than 30 cm (P<0.05), respectively. There were no significant moisture content difference between cross-section at 20 cm and 30 cm (P>0.05). (3) There were no significant association between temperature and moisture content of different cross-section and micro-climate condition (P>0.05). The results showed, microorganism fermentation bed temperature does not vary with the change of environmental temperature and humidity, the surface and internal temperature can be maintained relatively stable.

  The Study on Related Genes of High Fecundity Using Digital Gene Expression Tag Profilingin Small-Tail-Han-Sheep 2012, 28 (23):  18-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0805 Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 1830196KB )   ( 1175 ) Digital Gene Expression Tag Profiling (DGE) technology was used to construct gene expression profile to screen differentially expressed genes of the ovary tissue between FecBBFecBB and FecB+FecB+ ewes of small-tail-han-sheep and investigate the molecular mechanism related to fecundity difference between them. GO (Gene Ontology) and the Pathway analysis were conducted on differentially expressed genes using a free web-based molecular annotation system DAVID. A total of 238 genes were identified to be differentially expressed genes. They were mainly involved in steroid biosynthetic and metabolic process, sterol biosynthetic and metabolic process, lipid transport and localization, ubiquitin-specific protease activity, GTPase regulator activity and regulation of Ras protein signal transduction etc. The enriched pathways mainly included endocytosis, Notch signaling pathway and pyrimidine metabolism. According to published papers, the genes including STAR, FLCN, TGFI1, INHA, INHBA and the Notch signaling pathway were considered as the most important genes and pathway involved in fecundity differences between FecBBFecBB and FecB+FecB+ ewes of small-tail-han-sheep.

  Geniposide Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice 2012, 28 (23):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2128 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 893931KB )   ( 899 ) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Geniposide on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone (DEX) or geniposide 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. Seven hours after LPS challenge, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in the BALF were also determined. The extent of IκB phosphorylation was detected by Western-blot. Pretreatment with geniposide was found to decrease the W/D ratio of the lung tissue; attenuate lung histopathologicchanges, alveolar hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration, with evidence of reduced Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; down-regulate the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α and IL-6; up-regulate the concentration of IL-10; and inhibit the phosphorylation of IκB. Taken together, our results suggested that Geniposide might provide protective effects against LPS-induced ALI by mitigating the inflammatory response and that the compound’s mechanism of action might involve blocking the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation.

  The in vitro Culture of Pig Ear Skin Fibroblast 2012, 28 (23):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1056 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 2079748KB )   ( 816 ) A method was described for isolation and culture of pig ear skin fibroblast cells defined for porcine somatic nuclear transfe. The experiment was carried out with pig ear skin fibroblasts for primary culture, routine subculture, freezing, and recovery procedure by tissue-pieced method. Those in vitro cultured cells were analyzed by morphology, growth trends and adherent ability. The results showed that pig ear skin fibroblasts was successfully cultured in vitro efficiently, which was with high growth capacity and short passage-period. After freezing and resuscitation, the fibroblasts could also well attach and proliferate, and could be provided as the appropriate donor cells for related nuclear transfer work. The tissue-pieced method was simple and effective access to the pig ear fibroblasts, the cells could be obtained in vitro for at least 4 generations could be used for donor cells for nuclear transfer embryos.

  Pollution Risk Evaluation of Livestock and Poultry Excrement in Yiwu City 2012, 28 (23):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3194 Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 686163KB )   ( 922 ) To investigate the status and pollution situation of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Yiwu City and put forward the corresponding measures, annual total excrement from main livestock/poultry and nitrogen, phosphorus content in which were evaluated based on the agricultural pollution census data and poultry waste emission coefficient in urine. The study showed that, gross livestock/poultry excrement in 2007 comprises of 16.6×104 tons of feces and 48.5×104 tons of urine. The total livestock/poultry excrement contained 0.18×104 tons total N, 348.59 tons total P, 3.16×104 tons COD, 1.10×104 tons Cu, and 2.07×104 tons Zn. Among the main livestock/poultry, pigs excreted the highest amount of feces, accounting for 78.3% of the total excrement; the livestock/poultry urine was also produced by pigs, accounting for 99.8%. The highest amount of livestock/poultry excrement came from Yiting town, accounting for 39.4%.

  Design of the Wireless Monitor for Temperature and Humidity of Large-scale Chicken Farm Environment 2012, 28 (23):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0042 Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 1395004KB )   ( 796 ) To realize the remote monitoring and being convenient for adjusting the temperature and humidity in henhouse timely, based on wireless single chip CC1110, digital temperature sensor DS18B20, wet humidity was a sensor and micro liquid crystal display 1602LCD, the hardware circuit and its C language driver in miniature wireless monitor of the environmental temperature and humidity in henhouse have been designed. The precision of this monitor was high and cost low with a simple structure, it has high reliability and easy to maintain, what’s more, the transmission distance of signals was farther, the equipment was able to satisfy requirements on temperature and humidity monitoring in the growth of chicken process properly, as a result, its application was of great value.

  The Research of Management Status and Development Strategies for Beijing Dairy 2012, 28 (23):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0737 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 717909KB )   ( 891 ) Purpose of the survey was founding the limiting factors restricting the development of dairy industry and exploring the cow feeding and management of development mode for Beijing urban characteristics by the research of Beijing's overall status of dairy cattle feeding and management. Firstly, both literature search and policy advice were used to understand cutting-edge theory, combined with access to seminars, market research, surveys, sampling and analysis and other methods to obtain the actual development. The statistical processing was found that the overall development of dairy industry was in good condition in Beijing. But some small and medium sized farms exist a little inadequate in the nutrient supplying, feeding and management, health and epidemic prevention, environmental construction t. Combined with local characteristics, It was recommend that the relevant departments should established feeding and management standards, support policies, public education system, and technical personnel training system, for the characteristics of the suburbs of Beijing dairy.

  Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on in-vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes 2012, 28 (23):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0802 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 1030950KB )   ( 821 ) In this study, by adding different concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on in-vitro maturation of porcine occytes, will investigate the suitable concentration of VEGF for the porcine oocytes and therefore improve its embryo maturity in the late stage, which would be the reference for the further improvement of the maturity of porcine oocytes. The different concentrations of VEGF were added into the maturation medium (TCM199+BSA), they were treated as following: the Control group: the porcine oocytes were cultured in the maturation medium without VEGF, GroupⅠwith 5 ng/mL VEGF, Group II with 50 ng/mL VEGF, Group III with 500 ng/mL VEGF respectively. Then, these oocytes were treated by parthenogenesis or in vitro fertilization and vitro culture respectively. The results were shown that: (1) the maturation rate of porcine oocytes in GroupⅠwas significantly higher than that of the control one, and the appropriate maturation rate in GroupⅡ was much higher than that of the control one; (2) The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of their parthenogenetic embryos in Group I were significantly higher than that of the control one, in addition, this cleavage rate in Group II was much higher than that of the control one, as well as blastocyst rate was significantly higher than that of the control one; (3) While in their in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture, The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of in-vitro fertilized embryos in Group I were all much higher than that of the control one, in addition, The cleavage rate of in-vitro fertilized embryos in Group II was all much higher than that of the control one, and the blastocyst rate was significantly higher than that of the control one. Collectively, it could be concluded that the concentration of 5 ng/mL or 50 ng/mL VEGF be beneficial to both in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and their appropriate in vitro development.

  Immunohistochemical Study of the Four Kinds of Endocrine Cells in the Digestive Tract of Lacerta vivipara 2012, 28 (23):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0585 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1686517KB )   ( 742 ) To clarify the morphological features and region distribution of the endocrine cells in the digestive tract of the Lacerta vivipara. The localization and morphology of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Lacerta vivipara were studied with gastrin (Gas), Glucagon (Glu), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and substance P-(SP) four kinds of specific antisera. Immunohistochemical ABC method (avidin-biotin compex method) was used to reveal the law and characters of endocrine cells in the digestive tract. The results showed that Gas cells located in the cardia, pylorus and small intestine, with the highest density in the duodenum, followed by the cardia. Glu cells were mainly in the pylorus and the anterior small intestine, the back of the small intestine occasionally, and the pylorus’s distribution of density was significantly higher than any other parts. PP cells were detected in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum, with the largest distribution in the duodenum. SP cells were only found in the pylorus. The four kinds of endocrine cells were mainly in the shape of round and cone-shaped, which widely lay between epithelial cells, between glandular epithelial cells and at the bottom of epithelia. The characters of the distribution of the endocrine cells might be related to the feeding habits, the food composition and the living environment.

  The Preparation and Trauma Treatment Function Study of the “Wound Healing Medicine” Spray 2012, 28 (23):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1549 Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 752385KB )   ( 1444 ) In order to triturate the “Wound Healing Medicine” spray and conducting the primary pharmacodynamical experiment. Selecting the optimal process to the preparation of the “Wound Healing Medicine” spray, the qualitative discrimination and the content determination of its active ingredient-dracorhodin were the quality controls, it adopted the experimental trauma model to investigate the treatment function of this spray. The results showed that in preparations, the average content of dracorhod in was 0.01902 mg which in line with established quality standards; “Wound Healing Medicine” spray, the crusted rate of rabbit wounds were 96.09%, 99.68% and cure rates were 62.86%, 99.50% at 5 days and 10 days after treatment, The results indicated that the spray had sterilization, analgesia, promote tissue regeneration, and prevent the bacterial infections and shorten the wound healing time effectively. The process of the “Wound Healing Medicine” spray was rational, quality controlled, and had the therapeutic action to wound.

  Research on Effect of Cadmium on Antioxidation System of Chicken Liver and Antagonistic Effect of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Sijunzi 2012, 28 (23):  66-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0144 Abstract + ( 1389 )   PDF ( 565158KB )   ( 715 ) In order to explore the traditional Chinese medicine Sijunzi’s antagonism to the activity of GSH-Px and SOD in cadmium poisoning chicken liver, 60 100-day-age Hayland roosters were selected to be divided into 3 random average groups. Control group1 was fed with the usual method. Control group 2 was fed with the usual method and added with cadmium the concentration of 150 mg/kg. Control group 3 was fed with the usual method, cadmium of 150 mg/kg and Sijunzi. All 3 groups were fed with normal diet in each cage. liver GSH-Px activity was set as control group. The group of Sijunzi with cadmium to the group of cadmium were declined in turn; liver SOD activity was set up as control group, the group of Si Junzi Tang with cadmium to the group of cadmium were declined in turn; set liver MDA content as control group, the group of Sijunzi with cadmium to the group of cadmium were increased in turn. The experiment indicated that daily diet added with traditional Chinese medicine Sijunzi could effectively improved the body’s oxidation resistance.

  The Infection Test of Eperythrozoon suis in BALB/c Mice 2012, 28 (23):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1603 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 1031453KB )   ( 808 ) In order to understand the pathogenic of Eperythrozoon suis in Yanbian Area at this stage, BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: BALB/c mice in group 1 were injected with dexamethasone, BALB/c mice’s spleens in group 2 were removed and BALB/c mice in group 3 were normal. The BALB/c mice were artificially infected with E. suis by intraperitoneal injection. BALB/c mice infected with E. suis were identified by clinical observation of symptoms, blood smear, Giemsa staining and PCR method. And routine blood test was carried out. The results showed that the infection rates of the 3 groups reached their peaks in 8-10 d after infection. E. suis was disappeared in group 3 in 24 d after infection. E. suis was disappeared in group 1 in 32 d after infection. However, the infection rates of the group 2 were still high. Routine blood test showed that after infected with E. suis in each group, the total number of white blood cells was significantly increased (P<0.01), the total number of lymphocyte, red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Red blood cells and the hematocrit was significantly decreased (P<0.01). This test confirmed that BALB/c mice could be infected by E. suis and the infected mice showed typical clinical symptoms.

  Analysis of Arctic Fox's CETP Gene Order Augmentation and Structure Characteristics 2012, 28 (23):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1736 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 1551624KB )   ( 859 ) o study the CETP gene structural features, we could found the important gene that impacts the Arctic fox's body and weight and purpose of improve the quality of the Arctic fox fur. By the Arctic fox cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene amplification and sequencing data, SignalP 3.0 and other biological to complete the analysis; by the bioinformatics analysis of the Arctic fox cholesterol ester transfer protein gene, we got its sequence features, and we also predicted its structure and function prediction. The results showed that the distance between Arctic fox's genetic and the dog's genetic was the most recent, that was 0.015, and that distance between Arctic fox was and the mouse was the farthest, whose transfer protein was a secreted protein. The modification O glycosylation was mainly undertaken. The results of protein secondary structure was alpha helix 34.87%, beta corner accounting for 18.97%, irregular twist accounting for 46.15%. The CETP gene was an important gene involved in the regulation of performance of Arctic fox.

  Isolation and Identification of a Strain of Antagonistic Bacteria Inhibiting Pathogenic Fungi 2012, 28 (23):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1065 Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 1055102KB )   ( 826 ) A bacterial strain MAF-1 with anti-fungal effect was isolated from the cultural material for Edible Fungi. This stain showed good inhibitory effects on one soil unknown fungis, some anthracnose pathogen, trichoderma spp., Gibberella fujikuroi. It was identified as Bacillus pumilus by physiological-biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence.

  Detection of Listeria monocytogenes by Real-time Fluorescent PCR Assay 2012, 28 (23):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1193 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 1090184KB )   ( 909 ) To develop a rapid and accurate real-time PCR method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes，hlyA gene of Listeria monocytogenes was used as target sequence to design primers.A new real-time PCR assay was developed. The standard curve was Y = -3．311X + 38.162，R2 =0.991． A real-time PCR assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes was developed，which supplied a technology platform for the rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes．

  The Effect of Rumex K-1 on Milk Performance in Guanzhong Dairy Goats 2012, 28 (23):  90-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1442 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 518447KB )   ( 745 ) In this study the milk performance was tested from Guanzhong dairy goat fed with Rumex K-1 Fifty healthy Guanzhong dairy goats with a similar index on body weight and milk production (P>0.5) were randomly divided into five groups, 10 goats per group. Each of experimental group was fed coarse fodder (3 kg/d) with concentrated feed (1 kg/d), respectively. The goats in normal control group was fed silage maize straw as coarse fodder, and other A, B, C, D groups were fed silage maize straw combined with Rumex K-1with four dosage of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 kg, respectively for 50 days. Results showed that: (1) Goats in C group had a more milk production which totally produced 1850 kg milk during experimental time. Compared to the C group, the milk production had a significant decrease by about 490, 325, 260, 310 kg for CK, A, B and D (P<0.01). (2) Goats in C group had a better improvement on the content of milk solids, butter-fat content, lactoprotein and lactose (P>0.5). (3) Net income of goats in C group was 5675￥, which was reduced by about 2035￥, 1350￥, 1065￥ and 1215￥ for CK, A, B and D (P<0.01). These results suggested that Rumex K-1 was full of nutriments, silage maize straw containing with Rumex K-1 had a good effect on milk production, lactoprotein, lactose and butterfat content in Guanzhong goats, and the suitable volume of addition was half of coarse fodder.

  A study on the Correlation between the Growth Performance and the Activity of GPT, GOT and LDH on Holstein Bull 2012, 28 (23):  94-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1341 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 590328KB )   ( 781 ) In order to studied the correlation between the growth performance and the activity of GPT, GOT and LDH on Holstein Bull，in order to provide theoretical basis of breeding selection. The experiment was to detect the activities of GPT, GOT and LDH in blood in the period of 6—12 month of twelve healthy Holstein bull calves, comparing the change trend of blood enzyme in each period, and analyzed the correlation between three blood enzyme and their growth performance in corresponding periods, and the regression equation using SPSS software. The results showed that GPT activity had a significant difference in average daily gain of 11 months and 12 months bull, with the coefficient correlation were 0.358, 0.400, respectively; the coefficient correlation of GOT activity and 9 months average daily gain was 0.399 (P＜0.05); the coefficient correlation of LDH activity and 9 months, 11 months average daily gain were 0.550 (P＜0.01), 0.466(P＜0.05), respectively. In conclusion, we could took GPT activity (11 and 12 month periods), GOT activity (9 month period), and LDH activity (9 and 11 month periods) as biochemistry selective markers carrying out the job of selection and breeding.

  Advances in the Study of Toxicological Effects of Benzopyrene on Fish Immune System 2012, 28 (23):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0133 Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 625323KB )   ( 1260 ) As a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Benzopyrene was widespread in the natural environment. It could be metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase such as CYP1A1.The ultimate metabolite BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide thought to be critical for its immunotoxic activity. Fish immune system was in the special stage of evolution. This paper overviewed the toxicity mechanisms and channels of benzopyrene on fish immune system from mainly immune factors. And the main immunostimulants used in aquaculture to deal with the immune toxicity caused by organic pollutants and other environmental factors were also briefly discussed.

  A Toxicological Study of Puffer Fishes Collected From Zhuhai, China 2012, 28 (23):  104-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0901 Abstract + ( 980 )   PDF ( 561472KB )   ( 867 ) The aims of this study were to identify the current distribution of puffer fishes and their toxicities in Zhuhai waters. The research methods were to collect all the different species of puffer fishes from local fish ponds and fish markets, including wild and cultured species. After species identification, the comparative toxicity of the collected puffer fishes was analyzed with mouse bioassay. The results showed that a total of 8 different puffer species was identified, belonging to 2 families and 3 genera. They were genera Lagocephalus and Takifugu in the family Tetraodontidae as well as the genus Diodon in the family Diodontidae. All the specimens were wild species collected from coastal waters or fish markets except T. obscurus which was cultured in local fish ponds. In the mouse bioassay, the toxicity of all tissues in L. wheeleri, T. obscurus and D. holocanthus was less than 10 mouse units (MU) per gram, which were considered as non-toxic species for human consumption. T. ocellatus contained only weakly toxic livers (10-100 MU/g). In T. flavidus, the toxicity of liver, intestine and all other tissues was more than 100 MU/g, between 10-100 MU/g, and less than 10 MU/g, respectively. However, in T. oblongus, the toxicity of the ovary, liver and skin was more than 100 MU/g, whereas between 10-100 MU/g in the intestine and less than 10 MU/g in the muscle. According to this study, L. wheeleri, T. obscurus and D. holocanthus were considered as non-toxic species, T. ocellatus was a weakly toxic species, and both T. flavidus and T. oblongus were highly toxic species.

  Effects of Taurine and Compound Crystalline Amino Acid on Feed Intake, Growth and Feed Utilization of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Chen Jing-Hua 2012, 28 (23):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1498 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 809903KB )   ( 957 ) A 10-weeks study was conducted to examine the effects of taurine, compound crystalline amino acid (CCAA) in diet containing vegetable protein (CVP) on growth, digestive enzyme and feed efficiency ratio of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Four diets were formulated. The control diet contained 69.0% fish meal (FM), in which 30% FM was replaced by CVP in the CVP diets respectively added of 0, 1.0% taurine and 1.9% CCAA. The results showed that: at the end of the feeding trial, the feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), crude protein, crude lipid, ash of whole-body, condition factor and activity of trypsin in intestine of fish fed the CVP diet without taurine and CCAA were significantly lower than those in control (P<0.05). Comparing with the CVP diet without taurine and CCAA, the fish fed the CVP diet supplemented 1.0% taurine showed significantly higher FI, SGR, crude protein, crude lipid of whole-body and digestive enzyme activities (P<0.05), and the fish fed the CVP diet supplemented 1.9% CCAA showed significantly higher crude protein, crude lipid of whole-body and activity of trypsin in intestine. Supplementing 1.0% taurine or 1.9% CCAA to the diet could increase growth and feed efficiency of fish.

  Research of RNA Interference Technique in Mollusk Scapharca Kagoshimensis 2012, 28 (23):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0847 Abstract + ( 1480 )   PDF ( 1090410KB )   ( 780 ) To establish a RNA interference technique in Scapharca Kagoshimensis for usage in research of gene function, double strand RNA was synthesized using in vitro transcription. The genes examined here using RT-PCR technique for determining the validity of RNA interference could be effectively knocked down at 48 h post injection of double strand RNA. The shortest effective time of RNA interference was found to be 48 h post injection when the gene expression was analyzed at different time points, i.e. 12, 48, 72, 96, 120 h after injection of dsRNA for examining the temporal effect of RNA interference, and the effective time could last up to 120 h. Moreover, the decrease of gene expression could be observed in different tissues, indicating that RNA interference could be induced systemically and the interference effect could be transported among different tissues. Here, we reported a stable RNA interference technology which could provided an effective molecular biological approach for the identification of gene function and antiviral research.

  The Study of Correlativity Between Octopus variabilis’ Body Measurement and Weight Traits 2012, 28 (23):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1314 Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 686745KB )   ( 852 ) To understand the correlativity between Octopus variabilis’ body measurement and weight traits. Selecting Octopus variabilis 95 weighing about 200 g, which were captured in same batch, 12 body measurement including the length and wide of carcass, head and hopper, the length of the first, second, third and fourth tentacles, interbrachial membrane, volume and 2 weight traits comprise the weight of body and meat were measured. Analysis correlativity between each character adopted the correlation analysis. The results indicated that there was a extreme significant among the traits of carcass, head and hopper, and there a extreme significant in the 4 tentacles (P<0.01). Maximum Correlation coefficient present between body weight and meatweight (0.983), the next between volume and body weight (0.979). Established the optimization model of the body weight forecast the meatweight using the curvilinear regression: Wr=0.981Wt0.9843 (R2=0.9706).

  Comparison of Components Between Oviposition Secretions and Contents of Internal Reproductive Organs in Female Anoplophora glabripennis 2012, 28 (23):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1319 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 727231KB )   ( 818 ) Analysis and comparison of female Anoplophora glabripennis to lay eggs secretions and the reproductive system, reproductive organs fresh weight and composition of the contents. Kept indoors for the oviposition period of Anoplophora glabripennis adults collected oviposition secretions and their reproductive systems genital contents, determination it's components of protein, soluble sugars, free amino acids by Bradford method and the anthrone colorimetric ninhydrin reagent chromogenic method. oviposition secretion and ovary contents of the fresh weight difference was significant, and the contents of the Bursa copulatrix. The spermathecal gland and the lateral oviduct calyx fresh weight difference were not significant. Ovary and Bursa copulatrix contents in the protein, soluble sugar and free amino acids were significantly higher than oviposition secretions. The contents of the lateral oviduct calyx protein content was significantly lower than the oviposition secretion, soluble sugar and free amino acids contents were not significant difference in oviposition secretions. The spermathecal gland contents of protein, soluble sugar and free amino acids in oviposition secretions difference was not significant, basically the same components and oviposition secretion components. Anoplophora glabripennis female spermathecal gland was storage organs of the oviposition secretions.

  Extraction and in vivo Anti-tumor Activity of Saponins from Sea Cucumber waste 2012, 28 (23):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0500 Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 888309KB )   ( 1077 ) To study the effect of saponins from sea cucumber waste on anti-tumor and main immune organs, the models were established by implanting sarcoma S180 (S180) cells into subcutaneous of healthy mice. Different methods had been taken to treat the S180 tumor mice respectively. By stripping the tumor tissue and immune organs from S180 tumor mice, the growth rate of weight, spleen index, thymus index was measured. The results showed that the inhibition rate by intraperitoneal injection was 60.29% (P＜0.05) and 37.70% (P＜0.01) by gavage. Comparing with the positive control group, Sea Cucumber saponins had little effect on the growth of mice, could promoted the growth of its immune organs. The experiment provided an effective basis for anti-tumor activity of sea cucumber saponins.

  Research on Converting Farmland to Forest, Poverty and Antipoverty in the Poverty-stricken Area around Beijing and Tianjin 2012, 28 (23):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3207 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 584090KB )   ( 790 ) Abstract: On the basis of investigation on converting farmland to forest and poverty conditions in the 31 counties of the poverty-stricken area around Beijing and Tianjin’s, the article analyzes the relationship between converting farmland to forest and poverty. The analysis result indicates that the project of converting farmland to forest does not aggravate poverty degree of the local people’s life, and not promote local economic’s development too. Finally, the article suggestes that it is needed to combine the achievement’s consolidation of converting farmland to forest with antipoverty measures, and then puts forward some relevant proposals.

  Decoupling Analysis between Cultivated Land Occupation by Construction and Economic Development in Chongqing City 2012, 28 (23):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0468 Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 750119KB )   ( 739 ) The purpose of this study aimed to reveal the relationship between cultivated land occupation by construction and economic development. The purpose based on a theory of decoupling, which derived from environment research, analysis the data between cultivated land occupation by construction and non-agricultural GDP in Chongqing province from 2001-2009. The results indicate that: (1) at the first stage from 2001to 2004, elasticity values of decoupling changed dramatically, changing from a kind of expansion negative decoupling status to a expansion connection status. The pressure from arable land occupied by construction first increased, and then decreased; (2) at the second stage from 2004 to 2007, elasticity values of decoupling changed smoothly, showing a transition from a expansion connection to a strong decoupling, to some extent, the pressure from arable land occupied by construction was controlled; (3) at the third stage from 2004 to 2007, elasticity values of decoupling vary smoothly, showing the status was a strong decoupling. The pressure from arable land occupied by construction decreased. As a whole, elasticity values of decoupling between arable land occupied by construction and non-agriculture GDP from change dramatically to change smoothly. This means arable land protection has already shown a marked positive effect. With the stable and fast development of economy in the future, the pressure from arable land occupied by construction will be likely to increase. So the management for arable land occupied by construction should be strengthened. Necessary policies and measures about the protection of farmland, such as economical and intensive utilization of arable land resources should be taken.

  Optimizing the Structure of Agricultural System Based on the Gray Linear Planning in the Arid Region of South Xinjiang ——A Case Study of Hotan County Liu Xiaoyuan Su Wuzheng Dai Jian 2012, 28 (23):  145-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1150 Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 780144KB )   ( 801 ) This paper was to study the structural optimization of agricultural industry and rational layout of agricultural production, and to provide scientific bases for planning agricultural development, promoting harmonious development of crop, livestock and fruits, enhancing agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income. By employing the method of Gray Linear Planning (GLP), a model for optimizing the structure of agricultural system was established basing on the case study of the development situation and existing problems of Hotan County. The optimization results showed that the share of total output value of crop, livestock and fruit was 43%, 38%, 17% respectively in 2009 and adjusted to 33%, 45%, 19% in 2015. The agricultural industry was reshaped, of which the development of crop, livestock and fruit closely tie together with fruits given priority, crop lifting livestock and livestock promoting fruits, and there would have overall harmonious development with the three sectors. Also the inner structure of crop be more reasonable with the share of food grain, cash crop and forage crop was adjusted from 74:21:5 in 2009 to 60:25:15 in 2015; The dominant position of walnut, red dates and grape was further consolidated inside the fruits sector, and the planted area accounted for 88% of the total area. The strategic layout that “the southern towns mainly develop walnut and the northern towns mainly develop red dates and grape” was taken shape, with the walnut area of southern towns accounted for 72% of total area and the area of red dates and grape of northern towns accounted for 89% and 82% respectively. The stock of livestock reached 77.31×104 heads, maintaining steadily growth, and the number of poultry reached 103.8×104 heads with increasing rapidly. The overall agricultural economic benefits was 11.55×108 Yuan, maintaining significant growth with the agricultural output value-added increased 10% annually and the net agricultural income per farmer would reach 5200 Yuan. The optimization scheme of agricultural structure and spatial layout of production with more scientificalness and operability, conformed to local demand for social economy development, and would have instructional significance for reshaping local agricultural structure.

  Analysis on the Dynamic Mechanism of Coordination and Interaction between Rural Tourism and Part of Rural Industries 2012, 28 (23):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1051 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 897167KB )   ( 797 )

  Studies on the Development of Fu-brick Tea in Shaanxi with SWOT Method 2012, 28 (23):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1003 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 596582KB )   ( 1103 ) In order to enrich the tea kinds and improve the resource utilization rate, after research and innovation, Shaanxi Province as the origin of the fu-brick tea, restored the production of fu-brick tea. This paper briefly introduced the status quo of the development of tea industry in Shaanxi, it showed that the prospect of fu-brick tea industry was light. The advantages, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the threats of Shaanxi fu-brick tea were summarized by the SWOT analysis method. In discussing on the development strategy analysis, several countermeasures for sustainable development of tea industry were put forward. Due to the Shaanxi fu-brick tea at the development of production period, in addition to the specific name of “gold flower” fungi separated from fu-brick Tea in Shaanxi the same as the specific name of “gold flower” fungi separated from fu-brick Tea in other origin, other research reports rarely seen at present. Finally, several research directions including the main physical and chemical composition, the health functions, fluorine content, the number of “gold flower” and the full extent were proposed for further investigation.

  Stable Development in Tobacco Leaf Production: A Literature Review 2012, 28 (23):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1041 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 652743KB )   ( 1486 ) Tobacco leaf is the base for development of tobacco industry and its stable development is the basic objective of macro-control in overall industry. As a special agricultural product under monopoly system，the stable development of tobacco leaf production is similar to that of food and other major agricultural products, but they have different emphases. From the viewpoint of tobacco leaf safety indicated by food security, this paper reviewed the current status of stable development in tobacco leaf production in domestic and foreign countries, summarized the characteristics of foreign tobacco leaf production, and proposed different subjects of stable development in tobacco leaf production, especially some questions to be further investigated by tobacco sectors and growers in tobacco leaf-producing areas in China. This review would help to provide a reference for achieving stable development of tobacco leaf production and for continuously meeting the demand of high quality raw materials for advantage brand in cigarette industrial enterprises.

  Research on Coordination Development among Society, Economy, Resource and Environment 2012, 28 (23):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3145 Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 600716KB )   ( 946 ) In order to get the coordinated development condition, the author established the coordinated development degree model, using the host ingredient analysis, regression analysis and function of subjection degree to evaluate the coordinated development of economy-environment system in Baoding. based on the data of Baoding in 1999—2009, It provided the reference for Baoding’s sustainable development problem. The results showed that the compound system was fair in a coordinated development state with its coordination level. But coordination development level between systems still needs to be improved and the conflict among economy, environment and resource was very outstanding. The systems of economy and environment was in poor coordination, so going circular economy route, using clean energy and developing low carbon economy is the key to solve the problem. Coordination between systems of resources and environment was also poor. It should strengthen raising resource utilization rate, protecting arable land, changing fuel structure and developing new energy industry. Development situation of social and economic systems was outstanding. It should notice the balanced development of resources and environment systems and going road of sustainable development.

  Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Rural Settlements in Changzhutan 2012, 28 (23):  181-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3332 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 628760KB )   ( 864 ) In order to find the trait of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomerations and optimize it, Based on the data of land change from 1996 to 2007, using the dynamic degree and the relative change rate analysis Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan rural settlements in the spatiotemporal evolution process, characteristics and laws. The results showed that rural residential areas of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan were in degressive tendency but with a series of problems, and regional differences was apparent. The conclusions was that the rural settlements of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan should be adjusted from three aspects (the guide of the government, scientific planning, strengthen management), and its spatiotemporal patterns must be more rational.

  Construction Pattern of Rural Human Settlement under Institution Constraints——A Case Study of Gonglian Village 2012, 28 (23):  186-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0590 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 618358KB )   ( 885 ) Optimizing rural human settlement to improve households’ life quality and balancing urban and rural development are important parts of new rural communities’ construction. Based on field investigation in Gonglian village, this article discussed how to improve Human Settlement Environment construction under the institution constraints.Under the collective co-operating system, Gonglian village has advantages in financing, restraining behaviors of farmers, improving infrastructure and promoting social undertakings. But there are also many difficulties. This article introduced 4 optimum paths. First, encouraging institutional innovation and improving human settlement construction pattern. Second, optimizing village layout and regularizing dwelling behavior. Third, carrying out village renovation and leading living behaviors of farmers. Forth, total marketing to improve rural human settlement.

  Rural Environment Police Design of “Fathering By Collection and Compensation”——A Case of Baiyangdian Villages in Hebei Province 2012, 28 (23):  191-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0816 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 595792KB )   ( 798 ) In order to improve the actuality of rural environment pollution, maintain the function production and zoology of the country, using the method of questionnaire investigation, type analyze and contrast analyze, applying theories supply and requirement, the Internalization of Environmental Costs, analyzing the status supply and demand of rural environment police, putting forward and analyzing the coefficient of internalization of environmental costs of rural environment pollution, analyzing environment policy type fitting rural Environmental Father, finally discussing the frame-establishing of rural environment policy on “Fathering By collection and compensation”. This paper considered that rural environment policy on “Fathering By collection and compensation” is suited to rural environment fathering in our countryside.

  The Application of Three-dimensional Model and Spatial Analysis for The Layout of Land Consolidation Projects in Hills and Mountainous Areas 2012, 28 (23):  196-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0387 Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 1104416KB )   ( 778 ) Abstract: Affected and restricted by the complex topography，it is difficult to guarantee the scientificalness and rationality of the layout of land consolidation projects in hills and mountainous areas nowadays in our country. This paper taked Changyang county’s land consolidation project as a case, with the help of computer software, using its three-dimensional modeling and spatial analysis functions to make 3D simulation of the project area terrain and to draw the project area subdivision slope classification map. On this basis, analysed the projects layout of the area scientifically and made some reasonable suggestions. Research results show that, using the three-dimensional spatial analysis function of computer software, can effectively improve the design accuracy and efficiency of the hilly area of land consolidation projects and can promote the whole scientific and technological level of land consolidation work.

  Synthesis of Networking Biodegradable Aqueous Polyurethane Sandy-soil Stabilizer 2012, 28 (23):  202-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0534 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 811831KB )   ( 1013 ) Desertification is one of the most severe environmental and social problems. Chemical prevention technology is an important method of desertification control, which is of low-cost, effective and simple for application. In this paper, a kind of networking biodegradable aqueous polyurethane sandy-soil stabilizer was synthesized by polyether glycol, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), trimethylolpropane (TMP), soluble starch, and some other materials. The effects of the content of soluble starch on the property of the sandy-soil stabilizer were studied. The results showed that, while the content of soluble starch increased, the viscosity and the average particle size of the emulsion increased, the ability of water conservation and the biodegradation enhanced. From this experiment, aqueous polyurethane sandy-soil stabilizer was prepared, which not only good for sandy-soil stabilization and water retention, but also good for biodegradation after a long run, which was do well in environmental protection.

  Characteristics of land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area based on remote sensing 2012, 28 (23):  207-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3335 Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 1000480KB )   ( 879 ) In order to reveal the land use pattern and intensive degree during the rapid development period of Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) in recent years, land use change information of TBNA in the years of 1987, 1993, 2001, and 2006 were extracted by integrating TM/ETM images with remote sense software. Based on statistic method in conjunction with GIS, spatial-temporal changes of land use in TBNA during 20 recent years were revealed. Results showed that land use pattern significantly changed from 1987 to 2006, charactering by large increase of built-up land and decrease of water. Additionally, changes of built-up land or water showed consistent pattern in different periods, whereas farmland, grassland, woodland and unutilized land decreased or increased in different 4 periods from 1987 to 2006. Increase of built-up land was dominantly from water, and partly from grassland and woodland. Only a small amount of farmland changed to built-up land. Besides changes to built-up land, water also partly changed to grassland, unutilized land and farmland. The comprehensive index of land use degree gradually increased from 1987 to 2006, and change quantity and rate were all above 0, which indicated TBNA was in the land use development period. Additionally, urban land intensive use will be further enhanced in the future, providing effective safeguard for sustainable development of city in this study area.

  Effects of AB Biological-organic Fertilizer on Soil Biological Characteristics and Fertility 2012, 28 (23):  214-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0367 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 631628KB )   ( 734 ) In order to improve the excavated soil and apply microbiological fertilizer in degraded soil restoration, based on indoor experiment, soil nutrient, enzyme activity and microbial biomass affected by patented product AB (activation bacterium) biological-organic fertilizer were studied. The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of the biological-organic fertilizer increased soil microorganisms significantly, and raised the soil nutrient content and microbial biomass C, N content, increased soil enzyme activities significantly. The number of N-fixing bacteria, P-releasing bacteria, K-releasing bacteria of AB biological-organic fertilizer treatment increased by 4-6 times, 4-7 times and 5-8 times respectively compared with the CK. The content of total N, available N, P and K increased by 0.6-0.8 times, 0.8-1.4 times, 2.5-3.2 times and 0.3-0.9 times respectively compared with the CK. The activity of urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase increased by 0.4-0.5 times, 1.7-2.1 times, 0.4-0.7 times respectively compared with the CK. The content of organic matter, microbial biomass C, N increased by 1.1-2.0 times, 0.8-1.7 times and 3.1-7.6 times respectively compared with the CK. At the same time, with the time prolonging, this indicator in CK had no significant changes.

  Status and Variation Trend of Principal Soil Nutrients and Soil Improvement Suggestion of Modern Tobacco Agriculture Base Units in Lichuan 2012, 28 (23):  220-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0401 Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 708907KB )   ( 663 ) In order to better realize status and variation trend of principal soil nutrients of state-level modern tobacco agriculture base units in Lichuan, and guide the soil conservation and tobacco balanced fertilization, soil survey analysis and fixed-point investigation analysis have been developed divided into two years. The results showed that average pH values in soil of both Baiyang and Wangying base units were tending to decline, but the changes were different; the former has been moving toward optimum interval for tobacco growth, and the latter trends evident toward further acidified. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter of both base units were close to medium level, and the Baiyang base unit showed a drop tendency while the Wangying base unit was just on the contrary. Available phosphorus values of both base units were at medium level, and the former declined clear while the latter increased clear. The contents of available potassium of both base units were increased by some extent, but soil K deficiency was still over 50%. Difference between regional distributions of the content tended to increase. According to status and variation trend of principal soil nutrients, the change causes of soil nutrient indexes have been analyzed combined with the actual production condition in this area. The relationships of available phosphorus and other nutrient indexes have been investigated, and some suggestions to soil improvement were put forward.

  Effects of Sewage Sludge on Soil Properties and Heavy Metal Contents of Tidal Flat 2012, 28 (23):  227-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0489 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 759046KB )   ( 925 ) In order to study the feasibility of improving tidal flat soil with the application of sewage sludge and to understand its effects on the physic-chemical properties of tidal flat soils and the environments, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sewage sludge on soil properties and heavy metal contents of tidal flat. Municipal sewage sludge meeting the standards for agricultural use were applied at dosages of 0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of dry soil weight. The results showed that soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total and available phosphors, as well as organic matter were increased significantly. Total nitrogen and available nitrogen increased at same rates, while available phosphors increased at much higher rate than total phosphors. Soil organic content increased significantly with the use of sewage sludge, while soil pH decreased. No significant effect was observed on soil soluble total salt. Total and available contents of heavy metals in tidal flat, including Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr were significantly increased. Therefore, heavy metal contents in sewage sludge should be considered as an important criteria in practical use.

  The Research of Carbon?Emission Based on the Agriculture and Energy Resource Consumption in the Karst Mountainous Area 2012, 28 (23):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1701 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 643860KB )   ( 555 ) The karst mountainous area is undeveloped, ecological environment is weak and sensitive; accurate evaluation of carbon emissions of agriculture and energy consumption of the karst mountain area has important meaning to regional carbon accounting. According to reference research, with the aid of the theories of ecological footprint, the author changed resources consumption into land area, and calculated carbon emissions of resources consumption use by coefficient of carbon emissions transform indirect in 2008. The result showed that: (1) the total carbon emission of biological resources consumption (crops) of Bijie was 535960.68 t in 2008, per capita carbon emission was 0.0643 t and unit area was 0.1996 t/km2; carbon emissions of energy consumption such as coal, natural gas and fuel were 30058347.94 t, 1707.766204 t, 18956.56547 t, respectively, per capita carbon emissions were 3.6046 t, 0.0002 t, 0.0023 t and unit area of carbon emissions were 11.1937 t/km2, 0.0006 t/km2, 0.0071 t/km2; (2) The coal consumption was mainly carbon emissions in Beijie Region, the coal consumption carbon emission accounted for 99.9% of carbon emission of the energy consumption. (3) Per capita and unit area carbon emissions in Bijie were much higher than the national average. (4) The carbon sink (solid carbon) effect in Bijie was poorer, the main reason is that forest coverage rate was low, caused by the rocky desertification (human destruction), the second reason was the karst background. Exploring carbon emission of typical karst area based on the resource consumption could not only perfect our country’s carbon emissions theory, but also provide helpful reference for countries to make different regional carbon emission targets and control policies.

  Investigation of Lead and Its Potential Ecological Risk Evaluation in Wastewater Irrigation Area in Suburbs 2012, 28 (23):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3162 Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 813341KB )   ( 707 ) In order to evaluate the environmental quality of heavy metal Pb in the surface soil and stream sediment in wastewater irrigation area of Baotou southern suburbs (WIBS). Samples were collected by using linear, profile-based and quincunx to determine the content of Pb in stream sediment and soil in different locations and regions, to analyze effects of Pb on the ecological environment, and the soil environmental quality in the research area. The results showed that the content of soil Pb in the WIBS was larger than 1.25 times of the farmland in groundwater irrigation in Baotou northern suburbs. The highest content of Pb in the main inundation sewage drainage of the research area was 565.40 mg/kg, and the highest content of soil Pb in the WIBS was 22.12 mg/kg, the average value was 19.46 mg/kg, the maximum monomial pollution index of Pb growing crop and vegetables were 0.28 and 0.44, and pollution index (Pi) was less than 0.7. Composite index of potential ecological risk was 41.18 and composite index (Ei) was less than 90. It indicated that the environmental quality of heavy metal Pb in the WIBS was lower than pollution levels and potential ecological risk degree belonged to mild. Heavy metals Pb was accumulated in the WIBS as human activities, people should pay attention to lead pollution with potential ecological risk.

  Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Rural Drinking Groundwater in Shenyang, China 2012, 28 (23):  242-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0793 Abstract + ( 1579 )   PDF ( 857569KB )   ( 913 ) Heavy metal pollution in groundwater has become a worldwide problem. It may affect the water quality for daily use and thus the health of people. Based on the samples analysis of drinkable water from wells, which was the source of drinking water of the rural residents in Shenyang, health risks associated with heavy metal in rural drinking water in Shenyang were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results showed that, for the total collecting samples of the underground drinking water, the concentration of Hg, Pb in some samples exceeded the Chinese national standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006), so it should be taken into account seriously. For the total health risks caused by the way of drinking water, there were 6 sections of 17 investigated sample sections in this study where the health risks resulting from both non-carcinogens and carcinogens exceeded the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP (5.00×10-5 a-1). The health risks caused by the non-carcinogens were significantly lower than the standard value, illustrating that the health risks caused by the carcinogens was the main source in the study area. The greatest health risk to the individual through drinking water was Cr6+, followed by As and Cd. The carcinogens risk caused by Cr6+ ranged from 10-4 a-1 to 10-6 a-1, contributing to 52.64 to 100 percent of the total risks, Cr6+ was regarded as the main pollution that caused the health risks. Therefore, the pollution of Cr6+ in drinking groundwater should be firstly taken into account for prevention and treatment.

  Landfill Leachate Disposal Method Combined with Lime Coagulation, Blow-off and CO2 Aeration 2012, 28 (23):  248-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0949 Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 829611KB )   ( 738 ) For the purpose of reducing the ammonia nitrogen and the organic pollutant with high concentration in the landfill leachate, this text used combination treatment with lime coagulation, blow off and CO2 aeration to pretreat the landfill leachate in order to lessen the pollutant load to the biochemical treatment in the later stage. This text used single-factor experiment to discuss the impact of different factors, such as dosing quantity of CaO, aeration time, temperature and the ratio of gas and solid, on the removal efficiency of the ammonia nitrogen, COD and UV254. It also discussed the most efficient reaction condition of the comprehensive treatment effect by orthogonal experiment. The experiment also aerate with CO2 after the orthogonal experiment as to reduce the high pH and the concentration of Ca2+. The results of this experiment indicated that, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen had direct correlativity with each factors. That of COD and UV254 had positive relationship with the dosing quantity of CaO. With the most efficient experiment condition of coagulation-blow off which obtained from the orthogonal experiment, the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen, COD and UV254 could get 98.8%, 60.2%, 68.7% respectively. After the further aeration with CO2, the pH of the garbage percolate fall to 6.8 from 12.1. The removal rate of the concentration of Ca2+ was 70.3% and that of COD was 65.7%.

  The Influence of Climate Change on Climatic Potential Productivity in Southwestern Shandong Province 2012, 28 (23):  254-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3243 Abstract + ( 1458 )   PDF ( 938844KB )   ( 769 ) In order to clarify the influence of meteorological factors on potential productivity, the key factor was found which restricted crop growth, based on the meteorological data in the last 50 years in southwestern Shandong Province, by using linear-trend method, the climate change trends and potential productivity were analyzed, respectively.The results showed that the temperature increased with a change rate by 0.16℃/10 a, the annual precipitation was no obvious change with a change rate by 3.0 mm/10 a, the annual sunshine duration decreased with a change rate by 112.05h/10a.The photosynthetic, the photo-temperature and the photo-temperature-water potential productivities were estimated, which reached at 22.6×104 kg/hm2, 17.6×104 kg/hm2 and 7.4×104 kg/hm2 respectively. The trend of the climatic potential productivity in the last 50 years showed that the photosynthetic and the photo-temperature potential reduced generally, but the reduced trend of the photo-temperature-water potential was not significant. The temperature had negative effect on potential climate productivity, while precipitation had positive effect, prefer to temperature, the water was the key factor of restricted climatic potential productivity.

  Soil Fanua’s Distribution and Ecological Functions of Rocky Desertification Management Areas 2012, 28 (23):  259-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0142 Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 1003018KB )   ( 622 ) In order to study the dynamic change of soil animal in desertification control rock。The writer has surveyed the rocky desertification area’s soil fauna’s distribution of Yachi of Bijie, Hongfeng Lake of Qingzhen and Huanjiang Area of Zhenfeng-Guanling, and function study of soil animals on the ecological environment restoration in rocky desertification were summarized. The results found that the main functional groups of soil fauna were omnivorous and phytogyagous in the three rocky desertification areas. And predatory and corrosive functional groups were limited. As the latitude increase, the Shannon-wiener diversity index and Margulef index increase as well. But the Pielou and Simpon indexes did not have this response; the numbers of species and individual decrease as the deepen of rocky desertification degree or soil depth. Soil fanua’s surface aggregation phenomenon was obvious; Been effected by severe drought, the quantity of soil fanua changed a lot annually; With strong anti-jamming ability and drought resistance, Acarina and Collembola play an important role in litter’s composition. So these two species could be used for soil improvement.

  The Analysis of Thunderstorm Climate Characteristic Nearly 57 Years in Linfen City 2012, 28 (23):  271-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3950 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 756688KB )   ( 712 ) In order to understand the climatic characteristics of thunderstorm in Linfen City, the thunder and lightning protection and disaster reduction to provide scientific basis for prediction. The author utilized the thunderstorm observation data from the ground meteorological observatory in Linfen nearly 57 years from 1954 to 2011, statistically analyzed the thunderstorm climate characteristic of Linfen City by mathematical statistics, linear fitting, climate trend rate method and M-K- mutations inspection, wavelet analysis and so on. The results showed that annual average days of the thunderstorm was 26.2 days, the year appearing thunderstorm most happened in 1959, while the year appearing least happened in 2009, the thunderstorm months in Linfen City presented a parabolic unimodal change, its peak value happened in July, the average day of beginning thunderstorm on April 29, while average for ending thunderstorm on September 25 in Linfen, the average duration of thunderstorms lasted 148 days, In most cases thunderstorm happened at the same time with precipitation appear, wet thunderstorm accounted for 79% of the total number. It was concluded that the number of thunderstorm had a decreasing trend, there was an obvious seasonal thunderstorm, summer most, winter no thunderstorms, the thunderstorm days happened these years had a wavy change.The thunderstorm months in linfen city present a parabolic unimodal change,its peak value happened in July, the next happened in August.Except January and February,there have thunderstorms from March to November . The most mouths of thunderstorms days occured in July 1974, which lasts for 16 days; The average day of beginning thunderstorm on April 29, while average for ending thunderstorm on September 25 in linfen. The thunderstorm days happened these years have an wavy change, the average duration of thunderstorms lasts 148 days;the position of producing and settleing thunderstorm happened in NW direction most. In most cases thunderstorm happende at the same time with precipitation appear, wet thunderstorm has a percent of 79 of the total number.

  A Study on the Efficiency of Flood Control and Drought Relief in Agriculture in Anhui Province 2012, 28 (23):  277-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1688 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 832955KB )   ( 692 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters in Anhui Province, by means of output-oriented CCR model [one method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)], the author made an analysis and assessment of the relative efficiency of flood control and drought relief in agriculture in 17 districts and cities of Anhui Province from 2006 to 2010. The results indicated that the flood control and drought relief efficiency values of Bengbu and other 5 cities were 1, while those of the rest were under 1, of which Chaohu and Tongling were lowest. Based on the results of the overall efficiency intensity analysis, these 17 districts and cities fell into 3 levels. In conclusion, the author argued that there existed a remarkable and stable discrepancy in the disaster resistance efficiency in Anhui Province, where in the Huaihe River Basin had an apparently higher efficiency than the Yangze River Basin, and with respect to the cities and districts that had relatively low efficiency values, efforts should be made to increase investment in infrastructure and obtain a rational allocation of disaster resistance resources.

  Cause of Agricultural Drought and Defensive Countermeasures in the North Region of Shanxi Province 2012, 28 (23):  282-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3235 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 948253KB )   ( 769 ) In order to explore the fundamental causes of leading to agricultural drought in the northern Shanxi Province and putting forward targeted measures for responding drought, the main climatic factors of affecting evaporation were proposed based on the Penman formulas and Magnus formulas. As well as, the cause of bringing about drought in spring and early summer in the northern Shanxi Province was analyzed based on the methods of the linear trend analysis and polynomial fitting with the meteorological data of the nearly 50 years. The results showed that the fundamental cause of leading to agricultural drought in the northern Shanxi Province was unbalanced between precipitation and evaporation. There were two reasons for the unbalance. On the one hand, the main period of precipitation was in between June and September, and the peak of evaporation appeared in between April and July. On the other hand, the air temperature arised at the rate of 0.33℃/10 a and the saturation deficit increased at the rate of 0.17 hpa/10 a, which directly led to the increase of evaporation. Sunshine duration made a little contribution to evaporation, for the increase rate of evaporation was 5.06 mm/10 a in 50 years and in the same period, the sunshine duration declined at the rate of -2.84 h/10 a, which showed that the sunshine duration was not the main fact of affecting drought. In short, the main climatic factors of affecting drought in the northern Shanxi Province were the same to the most areas of country, but nearly to the northern.

  The Climate Change Analysis of Most Typical Region in Horqin Sandy Area for Nearly 50 Years 2012, 28 (23):  287-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0438 Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 698072KB )   ( 953 ) In order to study the desertification characteristics in Horqin sand of drought and little precipitation, fragile ecological environment and severe land desertification, and to provide a theoretical basis for corresponding management, in accordance with meteorological data of Naiman Banner Region from 1961-2010, changes of temperature, precipitation, evaporation and sandstorm weather in the past 50 years were analyzed. The results showed that in the last 50 years, the temperature of Horqin sand had been rising particularly significant in winter and spring. Wide fluctuation of precipitation among years showed a decreasing tendency in general. Average annual wind speed had been fluctuating in a steady manner in between 3.2 and 3.3 m/s since the 1990s. And sandstorm weather had been basically well under control since 1995. High temperature, increased evaporation and decreased precipitation had jointly resulted in desertification of Horqin sand with a gradually lessening impact of average wind speed and sandstorm weather on the ecological environment there.

  Analysis of Subject Librarian Service of Agricultural University Libraries 2012, 28 (23):  291-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0265 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 583948KB )   ( 936 ) Implying the subject librarian system in the library of Agricultural university is the need of the construction and the development of the subject of Agricultural university, is also the need of improving service levels and the ability of a library. This paper used network survey and comparison method to comparative analysis the implement of subject librarian system which ranked on the top nine agriculture college libraries; The results show that the discipline characteristics of the agricultural colleges decides the the service nature and scope of the subject librarians, agricultural colleges unexecuted the subject librarian system need to make detailed suitable for the development of the discipline of the subject librarian system, select and hire the subject librarian carefully, establish the subject librarian assessment and evaluation system. According to investigation of the material, and combining with the actual situation of the library, this paper puts forward some opinions and suggestions on the subject librarian system of agriculture college librarian system.

  Comparison Analysis on Vegetable Price —as Cabbage, Cucumber, Tomatoes, Beans and Potatoes an Example 2012, 28 (23):  302-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0454 Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 871030KB )   ( 720 ) In 2010, a series of" garlic."," bean you play"," Jiang Nijun" relay rise generated by demonstration effect caused by a greater range of vegetable prices continued to rise, the dweller hands " food basket" heavy, aiming at this problem, this article on the 2004-2011 years ( with Chinese cabbage, vegetables cucumber, tomatoes, beans and potatoes for example ) producers selling price, wholesale price, retail price and wholesale price and consumption related data ( disposable income, consumption expenditure, fresh vegetable purchase volume) were compared and analyzed, the results show that: five kinds of vegetable and average price (selling price, wholesale price and retail price ) generally rose; 2004-2011 five kinds of vegetables the average price level changes in the amplitude of the existence of some differences; since 2004 especially 2009 since our country vegetable prices too high, rising too fast to town dweller especially low income family (the lowest income households, households, low income households ) consumption.

  The study of varying regulationl about pork price in Beijing 2012, 28 (23):  310-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1217 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 801025KB )   ( 1007 ) In this paper, the price of pork and the listed amount from2002 to 2011 are analyzed using the data of the eight biggest wholesale markets in Beijing.The results show that: the price of pork increased in waves. The fluctuations of pork price roughly experiences 3.5 years as a cycle. In the year, the price of pork was a “peak-valley”type, and the listed amount basicly changed in reverse with the pork price.