Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.24 Published:25 August 2012

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  The Research Progress of Lipid Molecular Markers and QTL Mapping in Rapeseed 2012, 28 (24):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 613183KB )   ( 855 ) Lipid biosynthesis pathway was mentioned, and the related molecular markers and QTL mapping for oil content and some important fatty acids (including oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid) were summarized. The applications of molecular marker technologies in the construction of rapeseed genetic linkage map, gene location of important traits, genetic diversity, germplasm resource evaluation and molecular marker assist selection were discussed. At last, some problems and the prospect were provided.

  Correlation and Principal Component Analysis on the Major Quality Traits of Rice Lines 2012, 28 (24):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 599200KB )   ( 1101 ) The aim was to enhance the selection effenciency of major quality traits for rice varieties (lines) and to provide theoretical basis for rice breeding. The relationships between amylose content, protein content, RVA profile, palatability value and physic-chemical quality properties of cooked rice of twenty-two new bred rice lines were studied. The results showed that, the determination of the thirteen quality indicators in the tested lines both had a very significant difference. A significant difference had been showed among the eight quality indicators in the tested lines. The coefficient of variation of amylose content was minimum, while coefficient of variation of protein content was maximum. Coefficient of variation of the peak viscosity, breakdown and setback between the lines were larger than those of other RVA profile characteristics. The palatability value was negatively correlated to the amylose content and the setback with a significant coefficient of -0.630** and -0.736** respectively, and positively correlated to the peak viscosity and the setback with a significant coefficient of 0.695** and 0.618**. Contribution rate of the two main ingredients being selected could reach 82.39% by the principal component analysis. Accumulating contribution ratio of first principal component factors to the rice quality reached to 44.21%. Factor loadings of the breakdown and amylose content, and final viscosity were larger in the first principal. Appropriate decreasing the first and fourth principal component factor and increasing the second and third principal component factor would be favourable for improving the qualities of rice lines.

  Study on Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Seed-pelleting Agent 2012, 28 (24):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 613481KB )   ( 776 ) To explore physical and chemical properties of rice seed-pelleting agent for providing reference for no-tillage and direct-seeding cultivation of rice, the physical and chemical properties of seed-pelleting agent WHW-25 were studied by means of experiments of film-forming and storage of seed-pelleting agent, and experiments of water absorption, underwater germination and storage of pelleted rice seed. Meanwhile its effects were compared with those of a export seed -coating agent. Results showed that the seed-pelleting agent had good properties in film-forming, film uniform and water permeability. The germinant energy and germinant rate of the pelleted rice seed increased 36.3% and 33.5% compared with uncoated controls, respectively. After 12 months’ storage, the germinant rate of the pelleted rice seed increased 35.6% compared with uncoated controls. The general effects of this seed pelleting agent were obviously better than those of the export agent used in this experiment. These results indicated that the seed-pelleting agent could markedly promote seed germination underwater and improve safety storage of rice seed, its physical and chemical properties were good.

  The Study on Suitable Cultivating Densities of Different Materials in Wheat Anther Culture 2012, 28 (24):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 516776KB )   ( 761 ) In order to make wheat anther culture breeding smoothly, improve the quality of wheat anther culture breeding success rate, this article was to study the suitable cultivating densities of 8 different materials in the same containers. The results showed that, the inoculation densities were diverse among these materials. The suitable cultivating densities of ‘Shi 4185’, ‘Zhoumai16’ and F129 were 100-120, 90-115 and 75-115 anther per triangle bottle respectively. The rate of callus of each genotype material that from high to low was ‘Shi 4185’, ‘Zhoumai 16’, F129, ‘Han 6172’, F1166, F1167, F123 and ‘Gaoyou 8901’ in turn. The conclusion was that the rate of callus of ‘Shi 4185’, ‘Zhoumai 16’ and F129 were significantly different with the others except ‘Han 6172’, so they could be used as anther culture research but other materials were not recommended to do in-depth training and research.

  The analysis of maize grain yield and zmAspAT gene expression patterns under different nitrogen conditions 2012, 28 (24):  22-26.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 615078KB )   ( 815 ) The difference of yield and yield-related traits between L18 and Y478 under different nitrogen levels was analyzed to find out the relationships with the zmAspAT gene expression pattern. The yield and yield-related traits of L18 and Y478 were evaluated under low and normal nitrogen conditions. The expression profile of the zmAspAT gene was assayed by quantity Real-time PCR. Under normal nitrogen conditions, compared to Y478, the grain yield of L18 significantly increased by 17.21%, kernel number per row also increased significantly, one hundred kernel weight of L18 decreased. Whereas, under low nitrogen levels, the grain yield of L18 remarkably decreased about 20.64%, kernel number per row increased, one hundred kernel weight decreased significantly. The expression of zmAspAT in L18 was down-regulated under N deficiency conditions, but its expression in Y478 was significantly up-regulated during stress. The expression profile of zmAspAT gene in L18 was significantly different from their expression in Y478. The L18 line was a low nitrogen use efficiency introgression line. The different expression levels of the zmAspAT gene in L18 and Y478 under low N conditions led to a low nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. zmAspAT was an important gene for maize nitrogen use efficiency.

  A Preliminary Study on Crop Rotation of Medicinal Plant Erigeron breviscapus with Zea mays 2012, 28 (24):  27-30.  Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 964010KB )   ( 708 ) Studied the allelopathy of rhizosphere soil form Erigeron breviscapus on crop rotation to investigate each other crop rotation. The study used water penetration for different concentrations of E. breviscapus rhizosphere aqueous extracts. Used bioassays determination to determine its effect on seed germination, allelopathy of seedling growth, the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The results showed that, aqueous extracts form E. breviscapus rhizosphere soil inhibited Zea mays seed germinations rate. Seed germination rate reduced by 4% (form 62% to 58%) when the concentration was from 0.16 g/mL (C) up to 0.50 g/mL (A), and aqueous extracts made seedlings superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity to increase with increasing concentrations of aqueous extracts to strengthen. The E. breviscapus rhizosphere soil contained allelochemicals which had obvious allelopathy to Zea mays. Zea mays seed germinations and seedling growth showed inhibition, so Zea mays should not rotation with E. breviscapus.

  Endophytic Bacteria Elimination in Rape Seed and Its Effect on Germination Rate 2012, 28 (24):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 555659KB )   ( 1017 ) In order to investigate the physiological effect the endophytic bacteria did on the plant, get the seeds without endophytic interference, in our research, we used the rape seeds as our material and we eliminated the natural endophytic bacteria of the rape seeds by dry heat treatment and moist heat treatment. Our results showed that, the treatment by dry beat sterilization at 50℃ for 3 days, or at 60℃ for 1-3 days could effectively eliminate the endophytic bacteria, the elimination rate could reach 99%, meanwhile, the seeds germination rate could reach 86%. But after moist heat treatment, the seeds germination rate was only 4%. We concluded that, dry hot treatment was the efficient method for eliminating the seed endophytic bacteria, and it would be the foundation for culturing the aseptic seedlings.

  Analysis of Biological Characteristics Between the Transgenic Cotton Harboring Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab Double Bt Genes and Non-transgenic Cotton 2012, 28 (24):  35-41.  Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 658718KB )   ( 833 ) The research studied for establishing the environmental safety assessment technologies of bivalent insect-resistant Bt genes (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab) transferred cotton in China. The observation variety was transgenic cotton harboring Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab double genes, and the non-transgenic cotton ‘Ganmian No.11’ as control variety. The biological characteristics contained the growth traits and the yield traits were analyzed in this research. The results showed that, the height growth of the transgenic cotton with two Bt genes was not significant compared with the control (increased 3.3-4.7 cm to control); the bell number, the first branch height, total fruit nodes, the node length of the main stem, Micronaire value and fiber uniformity index were increased 12.5 bolls, 3 cm, 10.2 bolls, 0.5 cm, 0.787, 1.025% significantly (P<0.05), respectively.the leaf color deepened significantly(P < 0.05), too. The seed cotton yield, lint yield, cotton seed index and the germination rate increased 267.0 kg/hm2, 118.35 kg/hm2, 1.65 g and 2.75% compared to control significantly (P < 0.01), respectively. But the yield of unginned cotton before frost, pre-frost lint yield, single boll weight, single boll lint weight and the single boll lint weight decreased compared to control 220.95 kg/hm2, 88.5 kg/hm2, 0.54 g, 0.44 g and 0.18 g significantly (P < 0.01), respectively. There were some inferiorities in growth traits and yield traits in the transgenic cotton harboring Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab double Bt genes, the yield and the fiber quality uniformity is better than the control, so the promotion application value in general.

  Difference of Physiological and Biochemical Indicators Between Male and Female Plants of Trichosanthes kirilowii. in Seedling and Florescence Stage 2012, 28 (24):  42-45.  Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 739089KB )   ( 790 ) The aims were to provide early sex determination methods for Trichosanthes kirilowii plants based on the change of related physiological indicators of male and female plants in different developmental stages. Related physiological and biochemical indicators such as soluble sugar, water-soluble phenol, endogenous hormones, and nucleic acid content of male and female Trichosanthes kirilowii leaves in seedling and florescence stage were tested. The content of water-soluble phenol, nucleic acid, auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased with the growth of plants, the content of soluble sugars, abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZR) increased along with the growth of plants. The contents of ABA and ZR in female plants are significantly higher than that of male plants. The contents of water-soluble phenol and nucleic acid are significantly lower than that of male plants, no significant difference in GA content between male and female plants. ABA, ZR, soluble sugar, water-soluble phenol and nucleic acid content could be used as indicators of early sex identification in Trichosanthes kirilowii.

  Variation and Principal Component Analysis of Populations Phenotypic Traits of Six Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. 2012, 28 (24):  46-51.  Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 720073KB )   ( 914 ) The comparison of some biological characteristics of six variation types of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. was performed to evaluate the variation and provide support for production and selecting species. Three sampling sites (2 m2 for each) from each base were selected. Followed data were recorded: Number of plants for each type; stem length, stem thick, stripes numbers, fresh weight, leaf length, leaf breadth, length breadth ratio and leaf area. The significance of differences and principal component analysis was used to analyze different biological characteristics by SPSS. The results indicated that: the narrow leaf/muscular type had the maximum proportion but the red core type had the least proportion among six variation types; the Bermuda grass herb type had the maximum stem length and stipes numbers, and had significance compared with that of red core type (P<0.05) and purple sheath/muscular type (P<0.05); the stem thick and fresh weight of wide leaf/muscular type was significantly higher than that of other types(P<0.05); the wide leaf/muscular type, narrow leaf/muscular type and purple sheath/muscular type were the first three types for the leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area, and were significantly higher than red core type(P<0.05); the variation existed in different types were distinct, the fresh weight and leaf area varied obviously; the stem length and stem thick could be used for selecting species of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. in order to improve efficiency.

  Physiological Characters of Microsorium pteropus under Stress of Anilofos at normal and low temperature 2012, 28 (24):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 976805KB )   ( 779 ) In order to explore the feasibility of using hydrophyte as monitor and remediation plant to herbicide pollution, the physiological characters of aqueous plant, Microsorium pteropus , under effect of anilofos at normal (30/25℃, day/night) and low temperature (15/7℃, day/night), was researched. Systematic determinations and analysis were carried out from the aspects of MDA content, the activities of POD, the activities of SOD and the activities of CAT. The result showed that under the stress of the kind of herbicide at normal, MDA, SOD, POD and CAT showed similar variation pattern, increasing followed decreasing. As a result of MDA, SOD, POD, CAT four variations of enzyme activity were associated with plant stress tolerance, therefore, under the stress of herbicide anilofos, the leaves of Microsorium pteropus were made positive response. Under the stress of law temperature, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT changed as similar as normal treatment, but the peak value were higher than those of normal treatment. Whereas MDA content appeared fluctuating under normal temperature, under low temperature, MDA content was not only higher than the normal treatment, but showing rising trend. The results showed that stress of low temperature and herbicide caused the more serious injury of Microsorium pteropus.

  Effectiveness of Composite Activated Phosphate Rock Powder 2012, 28 (24):  57-62.  Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 831845KB )   ( 834 ) In order to study the effective utilization of middle-low-grade phosphate rock, pot experiments of rape and Brassica chinesis were conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of phosphate rock powder activated by mechanochemistry and phosphorus activator. The results showed that, the dry weight, chlorophyll content and total phosphorus of potted rape treated by triple superphosphate were significantly greater than that of phosphate rock. To Brassica chinesis, the dry weight, chlorophyll content and total phosphorus treated by phosphate rock B added up with black liquor sludge and low-molecular-weight organic acids had no significant difference with that of triple superphosphate. To the content of rapidly available phosphorus in the river sand, the triple superphosphate treatment presented a straight line down from 0 to 50 days, reduced by nearly 40 mg/kg, and the changes after 50 days were relatively smooth; the phosphate rock treatment had a smooth change and the content of rapidly available phosphorus treated by phosphate rock reached the highest around 40 days. The results indicated that, although the effectiveness of phosphate rock activated by mechanochemistry and phosphorus activator could not reach that of triple superphosphate at first, it had a long-term effectiveness and could reach the effectiveness of triple superphosphate later.

  Changes in Concentrations of N and P in Surface Water of Paddy Field and Its Pollution Assessment in Karst Hilly Areas 2012, 28 (24):  63-67.  Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 682743KB )   ( 709 ) In order to explore the rule of N, P migration and transformation in paddy soil and its influence on the quality of surface water in karst hilly regions of Central Guizhou Province. The concentration of N and P in surface water of paddy field and its correlation with the contents of N and P in paddy soil were analyzed. The results showed that, the content of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitric nitrogen (NO3--N) in surface water of paddy field were 1.39-15.81 mg/L, 0.57~13.35 mg/L and 0.15-1.37 mg/L, respectively, which the concentrations of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N were correlated with content of soil available nitrogen, in some extent. The concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was 0.046-0.324 mg/L, which the concentration of TP was significantly correlated with content of soil available phosphorus. The concentration of TN and NH4+-N in surface water of paddy field exceed the limits of the Class Ⅴ water body, the nitrogen migration caused by farmland drainage from paddy field had a significant impact on the surrounding surface water quality.

  Analysis of Canonical Correlation Between Soil Enzymatic Activities and Nutrients in Black Farmland 2012, 28 (24):  68-73.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 613333KB )   ( 1011 ) Correlations between soil enzymatic activities and nutrients of three black soil areas in Heilongjiang province were analyzed. Soil enzyme indexes of discussion include catalase, urease, invertase, phosphatase and nitrate reductase. Soil nutrients in this study contain total N, available N, total P, available P, total K, rapidly-available K, organic matter (OM) and C/N. The results showed that the characteristic value of five soil enzyme activities and eight nutrients were different. Three areas expressed various relevance features between enzyme activities and nutrients. Three pairs of significant canonical variables were got by further analysis of canonical correlation. The typical correlation coefficients were 0.8231, 0.4859 and 0.4322. They all achieved notable connection (P<0.05). The results illustrated, there was close relationship between integrated soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients in black farmland.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Main Fertility Index of Ninglang County 2012, 28 (24):  74-79.  Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 759329KB )   ( 743 ) This article analyzed and evaluated the situation of soil pH and main fertility index in Ninglang County of Yunnan Province by determining and analyzing the 201 soil samples, in order to convenient to guide the local agricultural production. Results showed that: soil pH was average of 6.77. The contents of soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen, available P, available K, gentle available K were 12.51 g/kg, 0.93 g/kg, 93.83 mg/kg, 25.19 mg/kg, 43.86 mg/kg, 157.28 mg/kg. Soil pH was mostly weak acid or neutral. Available P was in general higher level. Total nitrogen and alkali solution nitrogen were in general medium level. But organic matter, available K and gentle available K were in low level. The degree of variation of each nutrition elements range from small to large was available K, gentle available K, organic matter, alkali solution nitrogen, total nitrogen, available P. Therefore, this paper advised to control soil acid and alkaline, stabilize soil nitrogen and phosphorus, and appropriately increase organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer application in Ninglang County.

  Alternate Freezing and Thawing Influence the Soil Porosity of High-yield Cropland Which Study Mechanism in Songliao Plain 2012, 28 (24):  80-85.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 626840KB )   ( 756 ) In order to further system further in-depth system of Songliao Plain corn with black soil farming area high-yield cropland of soil quality management and evaluation to provide theoretical support and learn from , and the black soil resources utilization and protection, as grain yield income soil structure theory has important practical significance, and the black soil resources utilization and protection, for grain yield income in the exploration of the theoretical aspects of soil structure, the high-yield cropland of the low-yield cropland and comparative method, under freezing conditions, through the analysis of bulk density, porosity, aggregate distribution and stability, compared to three index determination and analysis of different frequencies, different water content of frozen, the high yield cropland and cropland of the low yield in 0-20 cm soil structure characteristics, the different water 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and different freezing frequency 0, 2, 4, 6, the results showed: the different water content after freezing and thawing soil pore space characteristics change with significant influence. The results showed that, freeze-thaw cycle could significantly increase the number of Songliao Plain Corn Belt yield cropland and low-yield cropland of 0-20 cm top soil porosity, high-yield cropland to increase the percentage of 32.58. The percentage of 17.95 increased in low-yield cropland. Significantly reduced the average pore size of Feret-diameter in the range of 0-20 cm soil layer of low-yield cropland and soil Feret-diameter by 2.31 before freezing to frozen 1.92 percentage reduction of 16.88, average pore size of the low-yield farmland soil freeze before the 8.91 lower to 4.65 of the frozen, reducing the percentage of 47.81 (P<0.05). In addition to the rate of the soil pores into round aggregates in pore number of freeze-thaw cycle on the high-yield cropland and low-yield cropland of all classes, with an average pore size, the average Feret-diameter have different impact on the degree of difference (P<0.05). Yield field >5 mm average pore size of the aggregates by freeze before the 37.08 to 23.84 of the frozen lower percentage of 38.4, the change significantly different (P<0.05), which was a unique variation of high-yield cropland and compared to low-yield cropland. Yield cropland of the other size of the aggregates and the low-yield cropland of all grain size aggregates the average pore size of the freeze response was not obvious. High-yield cropland and low-yield cropland had > 5 mm aggregates of pores round rate changes significantly, high-yield cropland reduced to 0.27 from 0.36 before freezing, the percentage change of 25. Low-yield cropland increased from 0.25 before freezing to frozen 0.34, the 36 change in the percentage of the difference was significant (P<0.05) between the changes in the law was the opposite, also reflects the high-yield cropland large particle aggregates pores round rate freeze the law's response was different from the particularity of the low-yield cropland, the above conclusions on system management and evaluation of the Songliao Plain corn with black soil farming area high-yield cropland of soil quality to provide theoretical support a certain significance.

  Influence of Seedling Number on Yield and Its Formation in Early Season Rice of Hunan 2012, 28 (24):  86-92.  Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 709851KB )   ( 703 ) In order to have a further understanding between the basic seedlings and early rice yield, a field experiment was carried out to compare the influence of seedling number on yield and yield formation in early season of Hunan Province. 3 treatments with different seedling were: 2, 3, 4 seedlings per hole. 2 conventional rice varieties and 2 hybrid varieties with different tillering ability were chose. The yield and its components, biomass production and tiller number were observed. The results showed that, as the increase of basic seedlings number, productive panicles and total dry matter weight also increased, thus rice yield increased, while the number of grain per panicle, setting rate and harvest index decreased. The leaves spread slowly at higher basic seedlings number. Tiller number got the max and preformed significant difference at 28 days after transplanting, and then decreased slightly for all varieties and treatments. The results indicted that more seedling number per hole was benefit to get higher yield.

  Study on Different Varieties and Cultivation Patterns of Double Cropping Rice in Jinhua and Quzhou Area 2012, 28 (24):  93-99.  Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 605474KB )   ( 717 ) For the double cropping rice issues of growing period of convergence, less suitable for high-yielding varieties and high-yield cultivation, varieties and cultivation patterns were studied to investigate appropriate varieties and cultivation patterns for Jinhua and Quzhou area. The results showed that, the anniversary yield and effectiveness of ‘Zhongjiazao 17’ with direct seeding for early rice, and ‘Yongyou 15’ with hand planted for late rice was 18175.5 kg/hm2 and 19519.5 yuan/hm2, respectively. The anniversary yield and effectiveness of ‘Zhongjiazao 17’ with direct seeding for early rice, and ‘Yongyou 15’ with machine-transplanted for late rice was 28584.0 kg/hm2 and 14854.5 yuan/hm2, respectively. The anniversary yield and effectiveness of ‘Zhuliangyou 609’ with direct seeding for early rice, and ‘Qianyou 0506’ with machine-transplanted for late rice was 15549.0 kg/hm2 and 16867.5 yuan/hm2, respectively. ‘Zhuliangyou 609’ or ‘Jinzao 09’ was used with direct seeding for early rice, and ‘Yongyou 15’ or ‘Qianyou 0506’ was used with machine-transplanted for late rice. The collocation model of midseason variety or late mature variety (‘Zhongjiazao 17’) and variety (‘Yongyou 15’ or ‘Qianyou 0506’) with machine-transplanted could get higher returns. Besides, it could get reasonable arrangements for sowing and harvesting.

  Effects of Seedlings Number Per Hill and Row Width on Grain Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in Cold Region 2012, 28 (24):  100-105.  Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 557394KB )   ( 718 ) In order to clarify the optimum row spacing and transplanting density per hill of japonica rice with high-yield and good quality in cold regions, an experiment was carried out to study the effect of row spacing and transplanting density per hill on rice yield and quality in cold region used random block design. A high-yield and good-quality variety ‘Dongnong 09-51’ was used as test material. The results showed that, there was a significant influence of row spacing on yield and its components, processing qualities and cooking and eating qualities as well as RVA characters (except for consistency) at 5% or 1% level; and there was also a significant influence of transplanting density per hill on yield and its components, processing qualities and cooking and eating qualities as well as RVA characters (except for holding viscosity and final viscosity) at 5% or 1% level; moreover, their interactive effect on yield and its components, processing qualities and cooking and eating qualities as well as RVA characters was significant at 5% or 1% level. The yield of A2B2 was the highest in all treatments, but the cooking and eating quality of A2B2 was better than the other treatments except for A3B2 and A2B3, which was in accordance with that of RVA analysis. Therefore, with the view of high yield and good quality as well as increasing efficiency, based on utilization of the interactive effect of row spacing and transplanting density per hill, the treatment of row spacing 30 cm with 4 seedlings per hill was better to increase yield and improve quality for japonica rice transplanting in cold region.

  The Effects Different Fertilizer Levels on Super Rice Yield and Fertilizer Utilization 2012, 28 (24):  106-110.  Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 585540KB )   ( 809 ) Provide a scientific basis to the super rice and reasonable application of N,P,K fertilizer，‘Liangyou 293’ was used as material to study the effects of different fertilization levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on super rice yield and fertilizer utilization. The results showed that: the effect of super rice yield and fertilizer utilization was the best under different nitrogen levels, and this effect was followed by the potassium level, and finally the level of phosphorus. Combination of reasonable fertilizer N, P, K were maximum to increase super rice yield which was the highest yield and the maximum of fertilizer recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency under N 270 kg/hm2, P2O5 150 kg/hm2, K2O 270 kg/hm2. Combination of reasonable fertilizer N, P, K on super rice yield contribution increased the fertilizer use efficiency, effective panicles, grain number per panicle, ripening rate.

  Nitrogen Status Diagnosis of Rice Based on a Digital Camera 2012, 28 (24):  111-117.  Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 1059646KB )   ( 863 ) Greenness of leaves can reflect nitrogen level of crops due to the close relationship between leaf color and nitrogen (N) content. The objective of this study was to quantify rice leaf greenness and reveal its relationship with N status through digital camera and image processing technology. We utilized a digital camera to take rice leaf photos of different varieties and N rates, and then compared the image feature parameters like hue (H), value (V) and dark green color index (DGCI) with SPAD readings and leaf N content. Results showed good linear correlation between the H, V, and DGCI parameters and SPAD readings. The r2 between DGCI and SPAD readings was 0.62** and 0.60** at shooting and booting stage, respectively. The image feature parameters were also linearly correlated with leaf N content. The r2 between leaf N content and H, V, DGCI were 0.53**, 0.63**, 0.59** at booting stage, respectively. Booting stage was more proper than shooting stage while assessing the rice N status, and V was most stable among the three parameters, thus was optimal indicator.

  Drought Resistance in Wild Barley and Its Application on Barley Genetic Improvement 2012, 28 (24):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 498262KB )   ( 853 ) Drought is the major abiotic stress that dramatically threaten the food supply in the world, it's one of the most severe agricultural problems affecting plant growth and crop yield, therefore, the fundamental way to address drought damage and the food crisis are creating drought-resistant plants. Hordeum spontaneum have adapted to a broad range of environments and developed rich genetic diversities for drought tolerances. Drought-tolerant genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in H. spontaneum and have great potential in barley improvement. In this paper, the study on H. spontaneum and its application on barley improvement were reviewed, and the problems of drought resistant breeding and its development direction were analyzed.

  Effects of Rice Straw Returned to the Field and Different Tillage Methods on Seeding Emergence and Yield of Winter Wheat 2012, 28 (24):  122-126.  Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 592908KB )   ( 768 ) In order to study the effect of straw incorporation and different tillage methods on emergence and yield, plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of straw incorporation and different tillage methods on emergence rate, emergence evenness, emergence uniformity, yield and main yield characters of winter wheat. The results were as follows: returning rice straw into field decreased emergence rate and emergence evenness of winter wheat. The emergence uniformity was decreased under no-tillage with rice straw returning to the field. The emergence uniformity was increased under rotary tillage,shallow plowing,deep plowing with rice straw returning to the field. The influencing factors of wheat yield after returning rice straw to field were lower emergence rate and emergence evenness. The lower emergence rate and emergence evennessafter returning rice straw to field affected the yield by effecting the 1000-grain weight, effective panicle number and grains per spike.

  Study on the Fertilizer Efficiency on the Summer Corn of the Water-soluble Slow-release Fertilizer Which is Suitable for Semi Arid Climate Conditions 2012, 28 (24):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 797625KB )   ( 741 ) In order to find out the influence of the water-soluble slow-release fertilizer which is suitable for semi arid climate conditions (made by Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, called W, similarly hereinafter), study on the growth of summer maize under the condition of conventional irrigation and reduction irrigation. Application of sandy loam soil potted corn test, set up 5 different processes: the conventional irrigation with no fertilization (CK), conventional irrigation urea treatment (N), the conventional irrigation with L type coated urea fertilizer processing (L), amount of fertilization and conventional irrigation micro water soluble fertilizer processing (W1), fertilization and irrigation amount reduced slightly water soluble fertilizer treatment (W2). The test results showed that, compared with conventional irrigation fertilization compared to N increased the content of 4.4%-30%, increased the content of plant K 1.7%-19.3%, the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil to improve 26.3%-54.2%, nitrate nitrogen content increased 3.36 times to 5.39 times, increased the content of 67.6%-201% available K. All fertilizer treatments of total nitrogen and potassium content in soil residual nitrate nitrogen and potassium contents were significantly improved. Fertilization compared (big trumpet period), the total nitrogen: maximum value was 2.37%, the minimum value was 1.98%, the order of the number of content was W2 > W1 > L > N, W2 and N had significant difference, other treatment had no significant difference; plant potassium: maximum value was 4.84%, the minimum value was 4.26%, the order of the number of content was W1 > W2 > L > N, the difference was not significant; soil nitrate nitrogen maximum value was 314 mg/kg, the minimum value was 165 mg/kg, the order of the number of content was W2 > W1 > L > N, W2 and W1, N, L three treatment had significant difference, other processing the difference were not remarkable. The soil available K maximum value was 318.1mg/kg, minimum value was 231.7 mg/kg, the order of the number of content was W2 = W1 > N > L, W2 and W1 had no significant difference, N and L had no significant difference, other differences between the treatments were significant difference. This showed that, slightly water soluble fertilizer nutrient release had a slightly water soluble and slow release performance, significantly improved maize plant nitrogen absorption, reduce leaching risk.

  Effect of Different Density and Fertilizer Levels on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Faba Bean 2012, 28 (24):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 573837KB )   ( 870 ) In order to find the high yield cultivation technology of the fine variety and to make the best use of potential variety, we used ‘Chenghu14’ to study the effect of density and fertilizer levels on agronomic traits and yield of faba bean. The results showed that, density and fertilizer were greatly significant effects on most agronomic traits and yield. Meanwhile, density effect of agronomic traits was higher than fertilizer effect, and fertilizer effect of yield was higher than density effect. In five density levels and four fertilizer levels, as 150000 plants/hm2 and 375 kg/hm2 in ‘Chenghu14’ showed better agronomic traits and yield. Principle component analysis results showed that, the first and the fourth main component stresses were not conducive to improving yield, and the third main component was less effect on yield. On the reasonable cultivation techniques, ‘Chenghu14’ can be realized the corresponding coordinate of highlight some agronomic traits and yield.

  Effect of Variety, Density, Fertilizer and Sowing Date on No-tillage Paddy Field of Broad Bean in Chongqing 2012, 28 (24):  138-141.  Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 495426KB )   ( 799 ) In order to define different cultivation factors on the influence of board been in non-tillage rice field, orthogonal design of 4 factors, variety, planting density, sowing date and fertilizer, and 4 application amounts on yield and agronomic traits of board been were studied in no-tillage paddy field experiment. In this research, variety had greater effect on yield. The plant height was determined mainly by genetic factors and sowing date. The grain per plant was determined mainly by variety, density and fertilizer. The 100-seed weight was determined mainly by genetic factors. The optimum factor combination was SU-03021 applied with sown in October 22nd, calcium superphosphate 450 kg/hm2 and urea 75 kg/hm2 under the planting density of 1.27×105 hm2, in these conditions, the yield achieved 2725.2 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Rate on the Growth of Millet and Nitrate Nitrogen in the Gneiss Entisols 2012, 28 (24):  142-147.  Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 877725KB )   ( 714 ) In order to prove nitrate nitrogen temporal and spatial distribution in the gneiss entisols, field experiments of fertilizer were conducted to study the effects of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure on nitrate nitrogen content under the different of N fertilizer. The results showed that, fertilization could significantly increase crop yield. The yield of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization was significantly higher than that of single nitrogen and organic manure fertilizer; the crop yield had not significant difference under the different levels of nitrogen. In seeding, the content of soil nitrate improved as nitrogen application increased. In jointing, with the depth increased, the content of soil nitrate improved in 0-60 cm soil profile and reduced in 60-80 cm. The content of soil nitrate improved with nitrogen application increased, and the content was higher than others in each soil layers during heading and filling stage. The content of soil nitrate was single nitrogen > nitrogen and phosphorus > organic fertilizer in harvesting. The nitrate content was seedling > jointing > heading and filling > harvesting in different soil layers, and gradually reduced with the change of nitrogen demanding and rainfall among the whole growth stage.

  Effect of Different Row and Plant Spacing (Density) on Coefficient of Variation of Grain Yield and Relative Characteristics of Small Black Soybean 2012, 28 (24):  148-151.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 512412KB )   ( 761 ) In order to develop and use small black soybean resources, improving grain yield, we studied the effect of different row and plant spacing (density) on coefficient of variation of yield and relative characteristics of small black soybean with randomized block design in Xi County of Shanxi Province. The results showed that, the average grain yield of 40 cm row spacing was better than that of 60 cm row spacing, and in different row and plant spacing (density) patterns, the grain yield, grain yield per plant, pods number per plant and pod setting height with R40P30 (plant number 8.34×104/hm2) treatment were superior to those with the other mothers, 100-seed weight with R60P15 (plant number 11.12×104/hm2) treatment was optimal, plant height with R60P25 (plant number 6.67×104/hm2) treatment was the most, and all treatments hadn’t influence on effective branch character. The influence of different row and plant spacing patterns (density) on various characters coefficient of variation was grain yield > pod setting height > grain yield per plant > 100-seed weight > pod number per plant > effective branch > plant height. Thus this research provided the theories and technical support for the further increase grain yield of small black soybean.

  Study on Effect of Biogas Fertilizer on Rape Yield, Quality and Environment 2012, 28 (24):  152-156.  Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 681192KB )   ( 809 ) In order to study the effect of biogas fertilizer on the yield, quality of rape and soil environment, a field experiment with 6 treatments was conducted in Greenhouse at Liuminyin Village, Daxing District, Beijing. The biogas residue was used as base fertilizer and the biogas slurry was used as top-dressing in all treatments. The results showed that, the yield of rape had a linear relationship with the applied nitrogen rate when it was lower than 193 kg/hm2. The biogas nitrogen per kilogram could increase the dry weight of 1.8 kg under this condition. But the rape yield didn’t increase anymore when the N input was higher than 193 kg/hm2. The nitrate content increased with the increased N rate, but, by contrast, the Vc content was decreased. Higher soil residue Nmin and lower nitrogen use efficiency were found in the higher N input treatments.

  Effects of Re-used Plastic Film Mulching on Sunflower Agronomic Characters and Yield in Hetao Region 2012, 28 (24):  157-160.  Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 604719KB )   ( 741 ) Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil temperatures and seed emergence were studied through comparing with the new plastic film mulching, and open field in 2009-2010 in Hetao region. The results showed: compared to bare field, re-used film mulching could significantly increased sunflower’s plant height 6.3% and 7.5%, stem diameter 6.8% and 17.4%, disc diameter 8.0% and 9.6%, leaf dry weight 24.9% and 33.2% and total dry weight 29.4% and 25.3% respectively in 2010 and 2011. Except stem diameter, plant height, disc diameter, leaf dry weight and total dry weight of re-used film mulching was slightly lower than that of new film mulching, but the difference was not significant. Compared with bare field, yield per plant of re-used film mulching was significantly increased 3.3% (2010) and 10.4% (2011), 100-seed weight of re-used film mulching was significantly increased 3.7% (2010) and 5.8% (2011), and they were lower than that of new film mulching, but the difference was not significant. In addition, compared with bare field, sunflower yield of re-used film mulching was significantly increased 11.4% (2010) and 16.8% (2011), and compared to the new film treatment, the yield decreased 3.3% (2010) and 2.6% (2011).

  Breeding in Hainan: Present Situation and Problems——Investigation Report of Breeding in Hainan 2012, 28 (24):  161-165.  Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 736514KB )   ( 1084 ) Summary about present situation and problems of organizations that breeding in Hainan, is the basis of implementing policy to support and promote the development of Hainan Off-Season Breeding cause. To promote the construction of core area of Sanya national agricultural science and technology park, develop the clustering effect of breeding base, promote seed industry sci-tech innovation and development of seed industry, Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies and Sanya Science＆Technology Research Institute organized the demand investigation of units breeding in Hainan. The paper used 107 organizations’ questionnaire survey data, analyzed the basic situation, conditions and construction, problems and demands, and put forward suggestions to solve the problem, such as implementing the national development strategy of breeding in Hainan, accelerating the construction of the basic conditions, strengthening function design of seed technology park.

  Applications of Gene Cloning Strategies in the Rice Blast Resistance Gene Cloning 2012, 28 (24):  166-172.  Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 1118896KB )   ( 1296 ) Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases that limits rice production worldwide. Use of blast resistance genes is considered as the most economical and environment-friendly method to control the rice blast disease. In this paper, we discussed the principles and procedures of four major gene cloning technologies, which include transposon tagging, map-based cloning, in silico cloning and in silico map-based cloning. The cloning approaches for the 19 resistance genes to M. oryzae were summarized. The widely-used three cloning strategies were discussed in details with examples. To efficiently clone a tagged resistance gene, we should first decide the cloning strategy according to the origin and chromosomal location of the gene and availability of mapping populations and also combine different strategies if needed.

  Authentication of Oryza species based on atpF-atpH sequence 2012, 28 (24):  173-178.  Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 1217467KB )   ( 908 ) In order to identify Oryza Species at the molecular level，a total nine species of thirty-two plant materials were amplified the barcode gene atpF-atpH and sequenced the PCR products. Comparative sequencing of the atpF-atpH gene was carried out in order to design a specific primers for Oryza species .A phylogenetic tree which related species was outgroup was created. The results were as follows: The 113bp target fragment was amplified by the PCR from the Oryza Species materials,but other plant materials not Oryza Species were not amplified.According to phylogenetic analyses,we found the work flow could distinguish Oryza species from tested materials. It shows that based on the analysis of sequence difference of barcode genes，specific molecular markers can be used for the identification of Oryza Species.It probides detection methods for precious species identification at port.

  Construction of RNAi Vector of Starch Branching Enzyme SBEⅠ of Maize 2012, 28 (24):  179-182.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 916383KB )   ( 932 ) The strach branching enzyme (SBE) can introduce α-1,6-glucan linkages to α-1,4-glucan, which make the starch brached. There are three isoforms of SBE: SBEⅠ, SBEⅡa and SBEⅡb. Many studies were focused on SBEⅡb, and few studies on SBEI. In order to clarify the role of SBEI in starch synthesis, the 337 bp fragment of SBEⅠ gene was amplified based on the sequence AF07272, and used the pMD19-T vector as interim vector the RNAi hairpin of SBEⅠ gene was constructed into pCambia3301 vector, and the new vector was named as pC3301-SBEⅠ. Through the identification of restriction endonuclease, the pC3301-SBEⅠ was proved to be correct. The new vector was used to transfer maize mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.

  Isolation and Identification of An Endophytic Bacterium KKWB-10 Against Banana Fusarium Wilt and Its Verification of Endophytic Activity 2012, 28 (24):  183-187.  Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 1410525KB )   ( 954 ) The endophytic bacteria against banana fusarium wilt from banana were isolated in order to study the biocontrol of banana fusarium wilt. Bacteria were isolated from the corm of healthy banana, and their antagonistic abilities to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense race 4 (Foc 4) were respectively determined. KKWB-10 strain exhibiting excellent resistance against Foc 4 was identified by morphological, physiological and 16S rDNA gene sequence. A GFP-labeling KKWB-10 strain K-pUCK7-1′GT was inoculated into banana tissue culture plantlets using the root dipping method. After 10 days of growth, freehand sections of the stems and roots of these banana plantlets were observed by laser confocal scanning microscope. The results of antagonistic experiments showed that KKWB-10 strain was an antagonistic bacterium that exhibited excellent resistance against Foc 4. The strain was primarily identified as Enterobacter cloacae based on the results of its 16S rDNA gene sequence homology, the physiological and morphological characteristics. Green fluorescence was observed in the roots and stems of banana plantlets inoculated with GFP-labeling KKWB-10 strain, but not in uninoculated controls. The result suggested that the KKWB-10 strain could colonize the roots and stems of banana plants. The KKWB-10 strain can be used as not only biocontrol agents but also vectors for the introduction of heterologous resistance genes into banana plants. Thus the KKWB-10 strain would be a potential natural resource for the biological control of banana fusarium wilt.

  Cloning and Developmental Expression Pattern Analysis of GSTO1 From Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. 2012, 28 (24):  188-193.  Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 972182KB )   ( 1151 ) 为研究桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.) Omega家族GST蛋白在发育过程的功能。采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了桔小实蝇Omega家族GST基因的cDNA全长序列，命名为BdorGSTO1。该基因开放阅读框全长750 bp，编码249个氨基酸，分子量约为28.52 KD，等电点为6.46。氨基酸序列比对表明BdorGSTO1与刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans morsitans)ADD18952的序列一致性最高，一致性值为70%，与豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)GST蛋白NP_001155757的一致性最低，一致性值为38.9%。荧光定量PCR分析表明BdorGSTO1在不同发育时期都有表达，且在1天蛹时表达量达到最高峰，随着蛹的发育其表达量逐渐降低，推测BdorGSTO1在桔小实蝇蛹的发育过程特别是在化蛹过程中发挥重要作用。

  Bioinformatics Analysis of Choline Monooxygenase in Plants 2012, 28 (24):  194-200.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 3408736KB )   ( 784 ) In order to study the resistant mechanism of choline monooxygenase (CMO), bioinformatics analysis of CMO from GenBank, including Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Atriplex prostrate, Atriplex hortensis, Amaranthus tricolor, etc. were employed by NCBI, Expasy, Psort, NetPhosK, TMHMM, NPSA web and MEGA5, DNAman software. The results were listed as follows. CMO, which has abundant Ala, Ser and Leu, belonged to a type of stable protein. The amino acid sequence of CMO in different plants showed an identity of 81.52%, containing transit peptide, Rieske type Fe-S cluster motif and non-heme Fe binding motif. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that CMO had highly structural conservation, and could be used for the plants genetic differentiation and molecular evolution research. There was no transmembrane domain, which was consistent with the prediction of hydrophobic domain. The protein could be phosphorylated by protein kinase C, with the potential phosphorylated site Ser326. Random coil was the major structural element of polypeptide chain. CMO contained two functional domains which belonged to Rieske-type super family and SRPBCC-type super family respectively. The result provided theoretical reference for studies on both the enzymatic characteristics of CMO and the biosynthesis pathway of glycine betaine.

  Isolation, Identification and the Preliminary Study on the Healthy Function of Pediococcus acidilactici 2012, 28 (24):  201-206.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 706114KB )   ( 1010 ) In order to obtain the candidate strains of probiotics, twenty-two Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the jejunum content of ducks, and the strain ZW001 was researched in this article. According to the results of morphological observation, physiological and biochemical test, 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis, the strain ZW001 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici. Moreover, the healthy function of the strain, such as acid resistance, bile salt tolerance, high temperature tolerance and antibacterial activity, was researched by us. The results showed that strain ZW001 had good the stress tolerance, and exhibited good antibacterial activity. In conclusion, these properties make the strain ZW001 promising for application in the feed industry.

  Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene Fragment in Perilla frutescens 2012, 28 (24):  207-212.  Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 1216340KB )   ( 916 ) The purposes of this paper was to obtain tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene involved in rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthesis pathway from Perilla frutescens. According to a parallel analysis of the amino acid sequence of TAT genes from other species, degenerate primers were designed and the fragment of TAT gene in Perilla frutescens was successfully cloned by homology cloning method (GenBank accession No. JN032113.1), and gene fragment was 579 bp encoding 193 amino acid protein. Sequence alignment revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PfTAT was 97%, 94%, 69% and 58% identical to Coleus blumei, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana and Papaver somniferum, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PfTAT had the closest relationship with Lamiaceae plants. The PfTAT expressed in all the tested tissues but at different levels with higher expression in leaf using the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Further expression analysis reveals that the signaling components such as abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) up-regulate the PfTAT transcript levels in different degree.

  Study on Rapid Detection Method of Genus Bacillus Cell Concentration 2012, 28 (24):  213-217.  Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 777332KB )   ( 1120 ) For the rapid detection of Bacillus bacterial concentration, the spectrophotometric method was used to detect Bacillus cereus concentration, instead of the traditional time-consuming and laborious biological cell assay. In this study, we took Bacillus cereus cultured in different pH as an example, measured OD value of Bacillus cereus cultured in different pH by visible spectrophotometry, water and culture medium as the blank control respectively, and its corresponding cell concentration of Bacillus cereus was compared. By bio-statistical software DPS, the correlation between concentration (Y) and its absorbance (X) (water control) of Bacillus cereus was very good. The absorbance method could be used as a rapid detection of Bacillus spp. cell concentration indicators. In summary, the experimental results demonstrated that Spectrophotometric detection can replace the concentration of Bacillus cereus expressing the biological characteristics of Bacillus, and this method was simple, fast and reliable.

  Research on Resistance of Soybean Aphid (Aphis glycines) in Heilongjiang Province 2012, 28 (24):  218-221.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 537344KB )   ( 697 ) In order to clarify relatively sensitive baseline of Aphis glycines to the ten kinds of insecticides in Heilongjiang Province, the resistance of soybean aphid to ten insecticides was tested by leaf-dipping method. The LC50 and relative toxicity ratio of soybean aphid was gotten. The aim was to provide reference for controlling soybean aphid effectively. In 2010, toxicity baselines of susceptible soybean aphid were tested, the results showed that, soybean aphid had light resistance to Omethoate in Harbin, Jiamusi and Mudanjiang, the resistance index were 6.99, 5.47 and 4.42, respectively.

  Study on the Effect of Uniconazole on Regulating Growth of Peanut 2012, 28 (24):  222-225.  Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 598480KB )   ( 770 ) Experiment of 5% uniconazole WP was conducted to evaluate the biological and economic traits of peanut with the conventional spraying method during the flowering period in peanut field. The results showed that the peanut caulis with uniconazole treatment were shorter than control with inhibition ratio among 7.95%-12.27%. The economic traits related with peanut yield with all uniconazole treatments were higher than control with increasing rate in yield among 9.5%-13.8%, and the differences were significantly. The inhibiting duration to the nutrition growth of peanut treated with uniconazole was longer than paclobutrazol, and the uniconazole was conducive to the peanut-reproductive growth and played a positive role in promoting economic yields of peanut.

  The Study on Phenol Metabolism in Sweet Potato Infected by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis et Halsted 2012, 28 (24):  226-230.  Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 649529KB )   ( 942 ) The aim was to study the relationship between the phenol metabolism and the resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis et Halsted in sweet potato, and provide the resistant indices for identification and selection of C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted. ‘Nanjing-92’ (High resistance) and ‘Yantai-252’ (High infection) were chose as material. The inoculating experiment on the disease fungi of the resistant and sensitive varieties was conducted to study the effects of C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted on chlorogenic acid and total phenol content, PPO and PAL activity. The PLA activity of high resistant variety increased rapidly (one day later) and maintained higher lever in the next few days after it had been infected by C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted. The PLA activity of high susceptible variety increased significant (three days later) and decreased rapidly (five days later) after it had been infected by C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted. The chlorogenic acid content of two varieties increased rapidly after there had been infected by C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted. However the chlorogenic acid content of high resistant variety was 56.6%-327% higher than that of high susceptible variety. The PPO activity and total phenol content of high resistant variety increased rapidly and the relay time was longer than that of high susceptible variety after there had been infected by C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted. The resistance of sweet potato to C. fimbriata Ellis et Halsted would be increased with the increase of PLA activity, chlorogenic acid content, PPO activity and total polyphenol content.

  Study on Inhibition Effect of Bamboo Vinegar Reunited Silicon Against Fulvia fulva Cooke. Cifferri Indoors 2012, 28 (24):  231-235.  Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 936075KB )   ( 670 ) The inhibition effect of bamboo vinegar reunited silicon on leaf mold of tomato was studied indoors by testing spore germination rate, hyphae diameter and sporulation quantity. The results showed that the inhibition was strengthened with the increase in the concentrations of bamboo vinegar reunited silicon. Then it showed that it mainly influenced sporulation quantity of Fulvia fulva Cooke. Cifferri so as to achieve the inhibition effect.

  Effects of Dimethoate and Dimehypo Pollution on Enzymatic Activity on Earthworm 2012, 28 (24):  236-242.  Abstract + ( 1281 )   PDF ( 1133307KB )   ( 630 ) For better evaluating the effects of pesticide on soil Environment, the method of earthworm toxicity test was used to study the earthworm’s activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE ) impacted by different concentration pollution of dimethoate and dimehypo. The results showed that the SOD activity of earthworm was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of CK after contaminated by dimethoate and dimehypo expect for one of combined procession, and it had no significant relationship between the variation of SOD activity and the concentration of dimethoate and the concentration of compound contamination, but showed a decreasing trend with the increase of dimehypo’s concentration overall, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between contamination time (24h and 48h). The AChE activity of earthworm showed a very significant (P<0.01) inhibition contaminated by dimethoate, and it didn’t show obvious regularity by Dimehypo, the AChE activity of earthworm was significantly (24 h) or very significantly (48 h) inhibited by compound contamination. Therefore, the earthworms SOD could be used to evaluate the soil contamination by dimehypo indirectly, and earthworm’s AChE activity could be a better evaluation quota on soil pollution by dimethoate.

  Influence on the toxin production level of Beauveria bassiana during subculturing 2012, 28 (24):  243-249.  Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 1182797KB )   ( 604 ) The biological character, toxicity and toxicity relative factors were influenced of Beauveria bassiana by subculturing, the effect on toxin production level of subculturing was investigated in this research. The B. bassiana strains D6-2 and L1-1 were subcultured on SDAY medium, to detect the influence of subculturing on production level at different generations of toxin methyl 3-methylbenzoate and 2-Coumaranone, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The inoculum at the same culturing time of different B. bassiana generations was collected, and its liposolubility portion was extracted by ethylalcohol and ethyl acetate sequentially, it showed via HPLC detection that 2-Coumaranone was detected in metabolic product of two strains F1 generation, but not in that of F2 to F5 generations, and there was no methyl 3-methylbenzoate detected in all samples of the two strains. However, there was other unknown product of metabolism was detected, and established a relative stable expression level in subculturing. There was difference on toxin species of different strains of B. bassiana, and subculturing was able to lower the production level of some toxin, it was possible one of the reasons of toxicity decline. It need further research for the other species of toxin expression level in different subculturing generations.

  The first study on the activity of anti-tobacco mosaic virus and anti- Pepper virus of crude protein from Schizophyllum commune 2012, 28 (24):  250-255.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 1078341KB )   ( 871 ) To reveal the bioactivity of Schizophyllum commune, the activity determination of anti-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were studied with crude protein extracts of S. commune. The crude protein was extracted from S. commune by the ammonium sulfate precipitation method, and the activity of inducing tobacco resistance to TMV, anti-TMV in vitro and control cayenne pepper virus caused by CMV and tomato virus disease caused by TMV were studied. The activity detection results showed that when the concentration was 100 μg/mL, the inhibition ratio of inducting resistance to TMV and anti-TMV in vitro were 74.02%±3.61% and 70.05%±1.25%, respectively. The control ratio of cayenne pepper virus disease and tomato virus disease were 66.46% and 68.50%, respectively. It showed that the crude protein extracts from S. commune could keep high activity of resistance of TMV and CMV by inducing resistance and anti-activity in vitro.

  Effects of Cigarette Blend on Ammonia of Mainstream Smoke 2012, 28 (24):  256-260.  Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 677201KB )   ( 878 ) To study the influence of cigarette blend on ammonia of mainstream smoke, the ammonia in mainstream smoke of cigarettes which prepared with different cigarette blend was detected by ion chromatography. The ammonia in mainstream smoke was significant affected by tobacco of different areas, the content of cut stem, reconstituted tobacco and expanded tobacco. The experimental results showed that the content of ammonia in internal tobacco was lower than that in foreign tobacco, and the content of ammonia released in upper part of tobacco leaf was the higher than that in middle part and lower part. And it is also found a negative correlation between the ammonia and the content of 3 kinds of tobacco motioned above. The ammonia of cigarette mainstream smoke could be decrease by increasing the mount of the internal tobacco, the middle part and lower part of tobacco, cut stem, reconstituted tobacco and expanded tobacco.

  Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Investigation the Aroma Compositions of Old Plant Tea 2012, 28 (24):  261-269.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1230180KB )   ( 952 ) Old plant tea has a unique aroma and quality distinctive from other tea types.In order to better understand and develop it, and to solve the problem that old plant tea trees’ information on the market is confusing. In this paper, the aroma compounds of nine representative old plant tea samples were extracted using simultaneous distillation and extraction method (SDE) and determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In a total, 63 aroma compounds were identified, including 20 kinds of hydrocarbons, 15 kinds of alcohols, 14 kinds of aldehydes, 9 species of ketenes, 8 kinds of orginac acids, 4 kinds of esters. The major aroma compounds are benzyl linalool as well as it’s oxidation products, α-terpineol, geraniol, methyl salicylate, furfur alcohol, β-ionone, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde and (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal. This paper revealed the aromatic compositions and features of old plant tea, and provided a scientific basis for the development and consumption of old plant tea.

  Study on the Separation and Identification of Polyphenols in Persimmon Using LC/MS Coupling Techniques 2012, 28 (24):  270-277.  Abstract + ( 1465 )   PDF ( 905974KB )   ( 957 ) Persimmon is rich in natural phenolic compounds which have varieties of physiological functions. To separate and identify the polyphenols in persimmon, HP2MGL macroporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 polysaccharide gels and ODS-A reverse-phase media were employed orderly. Four different phenols in Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan, gallic acid, catechin, (-)-epicatechin and caffeine acid, were obtained, which were detected and identified using LC/MS method. The purity of gallic acid, catechin, (-)-epicatechin and caffeine acid was 95.15%, 95.04%, 87.47% and 85.0% respectively. An effective method of isolating and purifying phenolic components from Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan was established in this study.

  The Preliminary Studies of the Kalgan Mushroom Polysaccharide Structure 2012, 28 (24):  278-282.  Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 847245KB )   ( 664 ) Through using the infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and highly effective liquid phase color spectrometer to analyze the structure of polysaccharides can provide theoretical basis for the structure-activity relationship. The result shows that Kalgan mushroom polysaccharides without nucleic acid and protein's absorption peak is homogeneous components. Here are the monosaccharide, glucose, xylose in Kalgan mushroom polysaccharide, and with galactose and fructose or not need further study. Purified polysaccharide is a kind of β-pyranoid -polysaccharides.

  Research on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Pigment from Purple Eggplant Peel 2012, 28 (24):  283-287.  Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 656634KB )   ( 731 ) We studied on the antioxidant activity of red pigment from purple eggplant peel to lay the theoretical foundation for its application. In this paper, the purple eggplant skin was used as raw materials and ascorbic acid, citric acid were used as contrasts, hydroxyl radical (?OH) from Fenton reaction and superoxide anion (O2-?) from pyrogallol autoxidation reaction were used as the test model and the radical scavenging effect of purple eggplant skin red pigment against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical were measured by using UV spectrophotometer; The antioxidant activity of red pigment eggplant purple skin against fat oxidation was studied when lard was used as substrate and POV value of oil was determined by the oven storage method. Red pigment from purple eggplant skin could effect on free radicals above and its effect on hydroxyl radical scavenging was better than citric acid, ascorbic acid and scavenging effect was increased with the concentration increasing and the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity tended to the stable situation when the concentration was greater than 0.5 g/100mL; its effect was better than citric acid, ascorbic acid, with the maximum inhibition rate 91% and the pyrogallol autoxidation effected to stable inhibition when the concentration was above 0.6 g/100 mL; the degree of inhibition of lipid peroxidation was stronger than citric acid and ascorbic acid and synergies tended to stabilize when the concentration was 0.7 g/mL. Purple eggplant skin red pigment in a certain concentration range had strong antioxidative activity.

  Study on the Fermentation Conditions of the Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis Producing Lactase 2012, 28 (24):  288-292.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 711256KB )   ( 831 ) To achieve the optimal fermentation conditions of the lactase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, the optimal cultural conditions were obtained using orthogonal design. The optimal seed medium compositions were as follows: glucose 2%, yeast extract 0.35%, peptone 0.35%. Meanwhile, the optimal compositions of fermentation medium were as follows: lactose 4%, glucose 2%, urea 0.15%, KH2PO4 1%, MgCl2 0.1%, MnCl2 0.01%. The cultural conditions were: inoculation size of 5%, at a temperature of 30℃, initial pH 7.0, shake flask rotation of 140 r/min and culture time of 18 h. Under these conditions, the lactase activity of K. lactis could reach 20.861 U/mL.

  Research on Improving Quality of Rolling-process Reconstitution Tobacco 2012, 28 (24):  293-299.  Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 1101077KB )   ( 748 ) Concerns poor physical properties and sensory quality of the traditional rolling-process reconstituted tobacco require an improved method to get good reconstituted tobacco. In this study, we investigated the effects of natural fungi plant on reconstituted tobacco physical properties and sensory quality. The physical properties, conventional gas indexes and also the sensory quality of the new rolling-process reconstituted tobacco which was obtained by adding powder or colloidal solution (M20051) of the natural fungi plant (X20051) to the traditional rolling-process reconstituted tobacco were measured. The results showed, compared to the traditional rolling-process reconstituted tobacco, the water resistance increased from 0.63 min to 5.76 min and tensile strength also raised from 2.75 N/mm2 to 4.02 N/mm2, respectively, of the new rolling-process reconstituted tobacco. Meanwhile, the sensory quality score of the cigarette with 5% new rolling-process reconstituted tobacco was also increased 2.18 compared to others cigarette with traditional rolling-process reconstituted tobacco. At the same time, the tar and nicotine contained in the new rolling-process reconstituted tobacco were also decreased slightly. The strength toughness of the filaments contained in X20051 was the main reason to improve the physical properties of the new rolling-process reconstituted tobacco. The glutamic acid and aspartic acid contained in the X20051 and M20051 were the mainly substrate of the Maillard reaction and which could produce the aroma substances during the cigarette combustion, and this results to improvement of sensory quality of the reconstituted tobacco.

  Studies on Manufacturing Process of Pumpkin and Tomato Yellow Juice Blend 2012, 28 (24):  300-305.  Abstract + ( 1312 )   PDF ( 696933KB )   ( 696 ) The aim was to obtain the manufacturing process of pumpkin and tomato yellow juice blend. The preparation process of the mixed juice of pumpkin juice blended with tomato juice, pineapple juice and apple juice was studied. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the mixing ratio of pumpkin, tomato, pineapple and apple juice while the contents of the main vegetable and fruit nutritional substances were analyzed. The stability of the mixed vegetable and fruit juice was also studied. The results showed that when the mixing ratio of pumpkin, tomato, pineapple, and apple juice was 50%:25%:5%:3%(v/v), sucrose for 10% and citric acid for 0.2%, which could be accepted by consumers easily addition of 0.02 % xanthan gum and 0.06 % pectin in the pumpkin and tomato juice blend, the pumpkin juice blend suspending stability was well. When pumpkin juice blended with tomato juice, pineapple juice and apple juice as a good mixed ratios, xanthan gum and pectin were added, yellow juice blend was observed, which could be easily accepted by consumers.

  Optimization of Deproteinization Process of Polysaccharides in Fruits from Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus Seem. 2012, 28 (24):  306-310.  Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 699099KB )   ( 673 ) To determine the best process to remove protein from polysaccharides in Fruits of Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus Seem., two methods including enzymolysis and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-Sevag were optimized by single factor and orthogonal design. The results showed that polysaccharides solution at pH values adjusted to 6.5 was dealt with the mass concentration of 4% papain for 2 h at 40℃, and then the supernatant following by centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 r/min was handed for four times by 1:1 (v/v) TCA-Sevag [chloroform:butanol=5:1(v/v)] reagent for that of equal volume. The deproteinization rate was 95.6% and the loss rate of polysaccharides was 21.5%. The method of enzymolysis with TCA-Sevag had high efficiency in deproteinization.

  Optimization of Extraction Form L-canavanine and Determination 2012, 28 (24):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 648417KB )   ( 637 ) The extraction of L-canavanine and the best reaction conditions of L-canavanine and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in pH 9.5 borax buffer were studied in this paper, which can optimization the method of determination. The OD value of L-canavanine and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene’s complex in 571 nm was determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the best extraction method of L-canavanine was water extraction. When the volume of DNFB-acetonitrile was 30 μL, the complex reaction absorption value of L-canavanine and DNFB in 571 nm was maximum. The OD value of the complex was increasing with the extension of time after stability within 30 minutes. Corresponding linear regression equation was y=0.0083x-0.052; Correlation coefficient was R2=0.9986.