Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.25 Published:05 September 2012

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  The Progress of Acer Resources 2012, 28 (25):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 589737KB )   ( 1236 ) More and more attentions are paid to Acer resources for their characteristics as ornamental trees, lumber trees, medicinal plants. In order to explore such a precious resource of Acer to China, the research advances of Acer were summarized, including the aspects of resource investigation, propagation technology, genetic basis, introduction and domestication. Economic values of Acer were concluded as ornamental trees, lumber trees, medicinal plants. In future, people paid attention to collect and protect the gene resources, introduction and domestication, integrative research and development utilization, and in order to realize rational utilization and detailed research of plant resources.

  Preliminary Comparative Proteomics of Young and Mature Leaves of Hevea brasiliensis 2012, 28 (25):  6-14.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 1258189KB )   ( 798 ) In order to demonstrate the metabolism functions in leaves during different development stages and reveal the control mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis in latex in Hevea brasiliensis, the bronze period of young leaves and the stabilization stage of fully-expanded mature leaves from H. brasiliensis were used as materials to perform proteomic analysis in this study. The leaf total proteins were extracted and then separated by 2-DE. Comparison of the 2-DE gels for the young and mature leaves revealed many different expression protein spots, and most of these spots were finally identified by MS as carbon metabolism enzymes and posttranslational modification related proteins and so on. Conclusion: A mature protein extraction and 2-DE system for H. brasiliensis leaves was established, and a high resolution 2-DE reference map for leaves was obtained. Most different expression proteins such as hydroxynitrile lyase, Rubisco and actin were identified in young leaves and/or mature leaves. These results may has important roles for revealing natural rubber biosynthesis mechanism and provide some reference data for proteomic analysis of other tropical plants.

  Effects of Different Factors on Callus Induction and Somatic Embryogenesis of Inner Integument from Hevea Brasiliensis 2012, 28 (25):  15-19.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 2447044KB )   ( 885 ) In order to optimize the plant regeneration system of inner integument and promote the development of secondary somatic embryogenesis and transgenetic research of Hevea brasiliensis. Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis were conducted on different factors by taking inner integument of immature fruits from two clones Reyan 7-33-97 and Reyan 88-13 of Hevea brasiliensis. Calla induction were obtained on MH medium supplemented with 80 g/L sugar, 50 mg/L coconut water, 5.0 mg/L silver nitrate, 2.3 g/L phytagel and different concentrations of 2,4-D. The results showed that calla could not be inducted from two clones when the media had no 2,4-D. The induction rate of callus was gradually improved with the increasing of 2,4-D concentration. The rate was the highest, while the concentration reached 4.0 mg/L, respectively 88.28% and 86.67%. When the concentration of 2,4-D reached 6.0 mg/L, the rate was gradually declining. After the induction of callus, callus was transferred to modified MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA. The results indicated that the embryoids of cotyledonary, cup-like, trumpet-like and leafy were easily produced with the concentration of 0.2 mg/L NAA from the inner integument of Reyan 7-33-97. The induction rate of cotyledonary embryoid reached only 4.00%. Somatic embryo was not beneficial to be produced when the concentration of NAA was lower or more than 0.2 mg/L.

  Analysis on Isolation and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Heat Shock Transcription Factor Gene of Populus simonii 2012, 28 (25):  20-26.  Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 1260631KB )   ( 793 ) HSF plays an important role in regulating plant to adversity stress response and related gene expression. In this study, the segments of HSF were isolated from the genomic DNA of Populus simonii by the RT-PCR method. The results showed that: the genomic DNAs were 2884 bp in length with corresponding open reading frames (ORFs) which were capable of encoding the protein of 466 amino acids (aa). The deduced aa sequence of the PsHSF protein shared 63% and 78％ identity with the other recently isolated A. thaliana, and Vitis vinifera HSF1 respectively. The genomic sequences of PsHSF in 16 individuals were aligned, compared and analyzed using the software MEGA3.1 and DNASP4.0. A total of 107 SNPs were detected and the diversity of them was 1/27 bp, in which 42 were common SNPs and 65 were rare SNPs. There were 71 transition and 36 transversion of mutation types. In total, 52 SNPs were detected in the coding regions of PsHSF, of which 15 were nonsense mutation and 37 were missense mutation. Therefore, the results provided the important foundation for association genetics of HSF gene and gene-assisted breeding of new germplasms with drought and high temperature tolerance in P. simonii.

  The Study of Nuclease Activated by Elicitors in Cell Suspension of Acer ginnala 2012, 28 (25):  27-31.  Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 1364010KB )   ( 834 ) The aim was to reveal the reason causing apoptosis of Acer ginnala cell co-cultured with a fungal elicitor. The microscope observation, genomic DNA electrophoresis and nuclease activity test was used to investigate the apoptosis of cell suspension. It was observed from the microscope that the shape and structure of the cells altered significantly. The genomic DNA of induced cells ran a ladder graph on the lane of gel electrophoresis and then smeared on the lane when the cells died. It was also detected that the nucleases of the cell were activated after induced. Specific bands with the size of 50, 40, 41, 38 and 34 kD were detected on the PAGE. The fungal elicitor activates nucleases to degrade the genomic DNA, and bring the cells to apoptosis eventually.

  Physiological Characteristics and Rejuvenation Comparison of Ancient Cinnamomum camphora at Different Ages in the Around West Lake Area of Hangzhou 2012, 28 (25):  32-38.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 1106254KB )   ( 979 ) As a municipal tree in Hangzhou, Cinnamomum camphora is one of the most important ancient trees in the around West Lake Scenic Area. In order to enhance the protection and management, and strengthen the treatment and rejuvenation for ancient C.camphora, promote the sustainable development of lake landscape, field investigation and determination of protective enzymes on ancient C.camphora from different ages and before/after rejuvenation was researched. The results indicated that: the actual age of ancient C.camphora between 200-299 and 300-499 showed a significant difference from physiological age; the growth potential of ancient C.camphora’ which at age of 300-499 years were better than age of 200-299, while those on the growth and metabolism similar to that of 100-199. The tree age over 500 years of C.camphora weaked markedly. Yellowing leaf made the activities of POD decreased. Rejuvenation played a significant effect on growth potential recovery of ancient C.camphora. After been taking rejuvenation measures such as pests and disease control, trunk nutrient injection fertilization, site conditions improvement, tree-hale repaired, etc, content of chlorophyll and the activities of SOD increased and the MDA contents and the activities of POD decreased. Therefore, determination of the physiological and dynamic observation of daily records before/after rejuvenation for ancient C.camphora were beneficial to enhance the conservation and management level of ancient trees along the around West Lake scenic area.

  Preliminary Experiment Report on Introduction of Amelanchier alnifolia of High Calcium Plant 2012, 28 (25):  39-42.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 628046KB )   ( 844 ) To carry out the study Amelanchier alnifolia of high calcium plant, the objective to understanding the adaptability of this berry trees in eastern of Heilongjiang Province, which adding new economic trees species for development of berry and forestry, introducing new growth point for local economy, the study has broad prospect. Suiling Area of Heilongjiang Province introduced and planted Amelanchier alnifolia about ‘Thiessen’, ‘Martin’, ‘Honeywood’ and ‘Smoky-3’ from afforestation research institute of Liaoning Province in arid zones in 2008. The result of 4 years experiments showed that the roots of Amelanchier alnifolia sprouted in late March till early April, unfold during late April and mid-May, it blossoms in late May, the blossoming period was 7-10 days, fruit maturation period was in late June till mid July, and leaves fell in mid to late October. The new shoot growth in June to September, the length of new shoot of was between 60.75 cm in first year, the average height of 3 years old was 96.5 cm, and ground diameter was 1.31 cm, the fruit fresh average weight was 1.43 g, the average numbers of spouts was 14, in addition, Amelanchier alnifolia showed very strong cold resistance and disease resistance, so that it was a higher cold resistance plant, it can be introduced and cultivated in the Heilongjiang Province of Suiling Area and other regions with similar climates.

  The Function of Water and Soil Conservation of Rhus typhina in Hilly Area of Taihang Mountain 2012, 28 (25):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 594434KB )   ( 822 ) In order to comprehensively understand the service function of an exotic species-Rhus typhina, the function of water and soil conservation was estimated from the points of interception of crown, retention rating of litter, soil water-holding capacity and infiltration, then water conservation function was investigated, including six-year and eleven-year Rhus typhina, twelve-year Robinia pseudoacacia, fifteen-year Platycladus orientalis and Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla shrub. The results indicated that the order of interception of shrub layer was eleven-year Rhus typhina>fifteen-year Platycladus orientalis>six-year Rhus typhina>twelve-year Robinia pseudoacacia>Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla shrub, and tree canopy interception rates were: Platycladus orientalis 35.89%, Rhus typhina 32.40%, Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla 26.53%, and Robinia pseudoacacia 3.50%; water retention rating of litter presented eleven-year Rhus typhina>twelve-year Robinia pseudoacacia>six-year Rhus typhina>fifteen-year Platycladus orientalis>Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla; and soil water-holding capacity was eleven-year Rhus typhina>fifteen-year Platycladus orientalis>twelve-year Robinia pseudoacacia>six-year Rhus typhina>Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla; soil infiltration ability was eleven-year Rhus typhina>fifteen-year Platycladus orientalis>twelve-year Robinia pseudoacacia>Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla six-year Rhus typhina. So it was concluded that water and soil conservation function of Rhus typhina had a huge potential in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain.

  Analyze Relationship between Natural Infection Rate and Vegetation, Rhizosphere Soil Factors about Cenococcum geophilum 2012, 28 (25):  47-51.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 772642KB )   ( 918 ) In order to clarify environmental adaptation mechanism of Cenococcum geophilum, the zonal vegetation in Inner Mongolia was used as sample, Cenococcum geophilum’s natural infection rate of the areas of different forest types, vegetation types, contents change of soil nutrient were investigated and determined. The relationships between the natural infection rate, vegetation, and soil factors, were discussed. The result showed that natural infection rate of Cenococcum geophilum infected in Larix gmelinii in Daxing’anling, Pinus tabulaeformis in Black River, Ostryops’s davidiana in Daqing Mountain, Betula platyphylla in Ural Mountain, Picea crassifolia in Helan Mountain were more than 30%. Natural infection rate of Cenococcum geophilum had some differences between Pinus tabulaeformis in different forest areas. The natural infection rate of Cenococcum geophilum had a significant positive correlation with rhizosphere soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and had a very significant positive correlation with available P.

  Host Plant Effects on Weight, Longevity, Fecundity and Hatching Rate of Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky. 2012, 28 (25):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 586071KB )   ( 965 ) In order to understand the biological characteristics of Anoplophora glabripennis adults in different hosts and develop the science of ecological control measures. We studied the weight, longevity, fecundity and hatching rate of A. glabripennis Motschulsky. on maples Acer negundo (AN), Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa (SM), Populus alba var. pyramidalis (PA), and Fraxinus chinensis (FC). The results showed that host plants had some effects on weight of female and not significant effect on weight of male. The longevity of adult feeding on AN was the longest (female: 40.5 d, male: 32.2 d), whereas that on FC was the shortest (female: 14.4 d, male: 11.4 d). The longevity of adult on AN and SM were significantly higher than those on PA and FC. The fecundity of adult female feeding on AN was the largest (46.6 eggs), while that on FC was the lowest (8.9 eggs). The fecundity of female adult on AN and SM were significantly higher than those on PA and FC. These data showed that the host plants had a significant effect on adult longevity and fecundity. The egg hatching rate among four kinds host plants were not significant, and this indicated that the host plant had little effect on egg hatchability. An overall comparison of performance on the four plant species indicates that AN and SM were the most suitable host plant for A. glabripennis, while PA and FC were common host plant for A. glabripennis.

  Transportation and Distribution of Exogenous JA Revealed by Radioisotope Technique in Hevea brasiliensis 2012, 28 (25):  57-63.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 939116KB )   ( 767 ) The purpose of this paper was to research the mobile direction and approach of exogenous JA as well as regularity of distribution in Hevea brasiliensis. The shoots of clone CATAS7-33-97 were used as the experimental material, which had been treated respectively by applying exogenous 3H-JA, mechanical wounding and exogenous 3H-JA. By using radioisotope technique, the radioactivity in the different sites of shoot was studied. The results showed that the most radioactivity of 3H-JA sustained in the bark of treated site within one hour , and mechanical wounding hindered the entrance of exogenous JA meanwhile held back the entered JA to the around regions. The radioactivity in the sample of extending new shoot was obviously lower than the radioactivity of the treated site bark, but significantly higher than the other four sites. Exogenous JA could be transported upwards and downwards through phloem mainly and xylem secondary. Thus it could be seen that exogenous JA was rapidly transported to the regions around wounded site after entrance, and the vigorous tender site accumulated JA easily. Moreover, mechanical wounding affected obviously the distribution of JA in the shoot.

  The Preliminary Report of Effect of Micro-cut Tapping with Ethylene Gas Stimulation on Different Trains of the Renewal Rubber Trees 2012, 28 (25):  64-67.  Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 561512KB )   ( 858 ) The experiment of micro-cut tapping with ethylene gas stimulation on the old renewal rubber trees had been done in Hainan, which was guided to update rubber tree tapping potential and enhance economic efficiency. In this experiment, micro-cut tapping with ethylene gas stimulate was used on 3 different strains of the old renewal rubber trees compared with conventional tapping method. The results showed that the yield was increased, the highest being more than 61.9%, the dry rubber content was lower slightly, the tapping time was shorten 50%, and the speed was raised by 1 times as compared with the control. Micro-cut tapping with ethylene gas stimulate was one new efficiency technology. And it would be one better application prospect for renewal rubber trees.

  Cold Resistance and Changes on MDA and Soluble Sugar of Leaves of Ligustrunlucidum Ait in Winter 2012, 28 (25):  68-72.  Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 682792KB )   ( 930 ) In order to explore the change rules of MDA and soluble sugar content in leaves of Ligustrunlucidum Ait in winter, with the leaves from the tree of different age, different cold resistance as the study materials, MDA and soluble sugar content of leaves were measured in every solar term from the early November, 2011 to the middle of March, 2012, and frozen injury of every sampling tree was investigated in the early April, 2012. The results showed that: change curves of MDA and soluble sugar content in different samples were different. On low-temperature stress, the earlier MDA and soluble sugar content of leaves presented ascendant trend, or the bigger ascensional range was, the poorer cold-resistance of plants was. Cold-resistance shown by MDA and soluble sugar content change in leaves was basically in conformity with the practical frozen situation of the plants, and could be used as the physiological indexes of plant hardiness determination. On low-temperature stress, the differences of cold hardiness among select trees and common trees or frozen trees were due to the differences in physical adjustment ability which was relevant with plant genetic influence, and prevented strengthen trend along with the increase of tree age.

  Empirical Analysis of Operation Scale of the High-yield Oil Tea: A Case Study of Liuyang City in Hu’nan 2012, 28 (25):  73-77.  Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 675264KB )   ( 784 ) In order to give some practical suggestions to the operation mode of oil tea, by using the actual production and operation data of example base of high-yield oil tea in LiuYang City, the author forecasted the gained theoretic profits per unit area under the different operation scales and calculated the theoretic fund-profit ratio by applying EVIEWS(5.0) econometric software and method of OLS. The results indicated that when only production cost was considered and the supervision cost was neglected, the optimal operation scale of oil tea was not more than 8.8 hm2; however, when the supervisory cost was considered, with the constantly decreasing of the profit level, the optimal operation scale would decrease as well. Hence, labor-intensive economic forest crops such as camellia were only suitable for moderate scale operation, which would have certain reference significance to the labor-intensive forestry industrial management.

  Effects of Urea and EDTA-Fe on Prolonging the Green Period of Zoysia japonica Zhong-qian Cheng 2012, 28 (25):  78-83.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 805512KB )   ( 845 ) This experiment is aimed at mitigating the problem of the short green period of Zoysia japonica and extending its green period. In greenhouse experiment, two-factor randomized block design was utilized to research on the influence of different concentrations of urea (0, 5, 10, 15 g/L) and EDTA-Fe (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/L) on the soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents of Zoysia japonica. The field experiment focused on the effect of different application intervals (non-fertilized, fertilized weekly, fertilized biweekly, fertilized triweekly) upon the green period of Zoysia japonica by randomized block design. The result indicated that the best concentrations of fertilizer applications were: 10 g/L for urea and 60 mg/L for EDTA-Fe. The best concentration and frequency of fertilizer application on leaf blades in the fall to extend the green period was 1 L/m2 and once per week, which can prolong 14 days comparing to the check. The electroconductibility and root vigor of the blades were both weaker than those of the check, which showed that the cold resistance of Zoysia japonica can be reduced in some way after being applied with urea and EDTA-Fe in the concentration and frequency above. Such undesired effect can not be eliminated after the winter period yet. Consequently, to prolong the green period of Zoysia japonica, meanwhile, to increase its cold resistance properly, phosphorus and potassic fertilizers can be applied as cooperation.

  The Study of Effect of Maintenance Fertilizer Application in Tourism landscape Poa pratensis L. 2012, 28 (25):  84-87.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 535832KB )   ( 730 ) In order to study the application effect of Poa pratensis L. conservation fertilizer, 4 years old Poa pratensis L. as the test materials and set four treatment as nitrogen, with nitrogen and phosphorus, with NPK, organic nitrogen and all treatments amount of nitrogen were 91.09 kg/hm2, one control and three times repeated. The results showed that: the chlorophyll-a content to be improved best with nitrogen and phosphorus treatment that increased 33.33% than control but organic nitrogen treatment reduce 2.33% in July; with NP treatment significantly increased chlorophyll b content that increased 48.08% than control and NPK treatment increased 46.15% in September; nitrogen and phosphorus treatment could significantly improved carotenoid content in July and September and then increased 33.33% than control but nitrogen treatment only increased 2.38% in October; The nitrogen and phosphorus treatment leaf length Significantly higher than the control in June to October, organic nitrogen treatment was no significant difference with the control. Comprehensive analysis that nitrogen and phosphorus treatment effects the best and organic nitrogen the worst.

  Cultivation Effects on Lead, Cdmium, Mercury and Arsenic Contents of Auricularia auricula 2012, 28 (25):  88-92.  Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 773081KB )   ( 890 ) In order to finding a scientific cultivation method to get lower heavy metal contents A. auricula, the methods of one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were used to analysis the difference significant of the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in 45 fruit bodies of the wild or cultivated A. auricula. The results showed that, the average contents of 45 tested samples were: Pb was 0.15-0.57 mg/kg, Cd was 0.019-0.116 mg/kg, Hg was 0-0.56 mg/kg and As was 0.22-2.1 mg/kg. Except lead, wild jelly ears were significant difference in heavy metal contents. The heavy metal contents of ‘‘tree trunks’’ jelly ears were lower than those cultivated by ‘‘polypropylene bags’’; the method ‘‘tree trunks’’ was better than ‘‘polypropylene bags’’ in this research.

  Investigation and Evaluation of wild medicinal plants resources in Xiaoxing’anling mountains 2012, 28 (25):  93-96.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 558800KB )   ( 1096 ) In order to find out the basic situation of the wild resources of medicinal plants in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, literature survey, field survey and interviews were used, and the results were put into the database. The analysis showed there were wild medicinal vascular plants of 98 families 326 genera and 574 species in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, of which 6 families 7 genera 16 species belong to Fern, 2 families 4 genera 6 species belong to Gymnosperms, and 90 families 315 genera 552 species belong to Angiosperm; and from the species composition of plant families and genera composition, biological learning and flora distribution, all showed different resource value. Finally we should pay attention to scientific development and utilization and protection of the medicinal vascular plants resources in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains.

  The Impact on Distribution of the Impatiens davidi Franch Population Caused by Forest Tourism 2012, 28 (25):  97-100.  Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 769874KB )   ( 721 ) Choose Impatiens davidi Franch population in Zhang Jiajie National Forest Park, set up permanent survey sample plot, study impact of soil physical and chemical properties and changing law of individual number, average height and coverage caused by forest tourism. The results show: Along with the increase of recreational activities frequency, number, average height and average coverage of Impatiens davidi Franch population has declined whole, Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm and Meehania henryi (Hemsl.) be clearly competitive advantage, to a certain extent, cause the stress of survival to other species, this also is one of the reasons why Impatiens davidi Franch gradually recession for the population.

  Study on the Classification of Seedling Quality of Oil-tea Camellia (Camellia oleifera) 2012, 28 (25):  101-105.  Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 567330KB )   ( 1029 ) In order to improve the quality of seedlings and standardize the market and formulate scientifically rational standards for seedlings of oil-tea camellia, through method of small sample plot and random sampling and principal components analysis, the seedling height, ground diameter, lateral root length and leave number of oil-tea camellia, which included annual grafted seedlings, annual seedlings and biennial grafted seedlings, were investigated in 9 nurseries distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangxi. Meanwhile, the indices which could be used for seedling grading were considered. The results showed that seedling height, ground diameter and main root length were employed for the quality guideline of seedling grading. The quality grading standards of the three kinds of seedlings were obtained as following: annual grafted seedlings (seedling height≥15 cm, ground diameter≥0.25 cm as grade I; seedling height≥10 cm, ground diameter≥0.20 cm as grade II); annual seedlings (seedling height≥25 cm, ground diameter≥0.30 cm, lateral root length≥10 cm as grade I; seedling height≥15 cm, ground diameter≥0.25 cm, lateral root length≥7 cm as grade II); biennial grafted seedlings (seedling height≥40 cm, ground diameter≥0.40 cm, lateral root length≥15 cm as grade I; seedling height≥25 cm, ground diameter≥0.30 cm, lateral root length≥10 cm as grade II).

  Soil Physiochemical and Vegetation Phytocoenological Characteristic of Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang 2012, 28 (25):  106-111.  Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 712665KB )   ( 671 ) In order to analyze the soil physiochemical and vegetation phytocoenological characteristic of sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang. Firstly, by using the space series to replace time courses, 3 typical sample plots standing for 3 different successive stages were chosen and then field surveys and experimental analysis were used to detect the relationship between spatial changes of vegetation roots and soil environmental factors under different succession process of the main plant communities in natural restoration succession process in sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang. The results showed that: (1) the soil physiochemical characteristic were that the north-facing slope was better than the south-facing slope, the down-slope was the best, the middle-slope was the better and the upper-slope was the worst; (2) There was a different plant community type in each position, such as the upper-slope, middle-slope and down-slope of the north-facing slope and south-facing slope and the sequence of the coverage degree and the bio-diversity indexes were: the down-slope on north-facing slope＞the down-slope on south-facing slope＞the middle-slope on north-facing slope＞the middle-slope on south-facing slope＞the upper-slope on north-facing slope＞the upper-slope on south-facing slope; (3) The relation between the each environmental condition and the vegetation coverage degree corresponded to the equality: Y=10.234X-4.5867(R2=0.8932); (4) The relation among the richness(S), Simpson index(D) and Shannon-wiener index(H) in each environmental condition corresponded to the equality: S=-0.0579+0.2367D+0.3579H, r=0.9147(P＜0.01); (5) The likeness index of different plant communities fluctuated up and down, and the trend of change matched the equality: Y=0.1268X+0.087(R2=0.8699). This study will to some degree enrich and broaden the vegetation ecology and restoration ecology of this area and provide theoretical basis for the vegetation recovery and reconstruction of ecosystem in sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang.

  Vegetation Roots and Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristic in Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang 2012, 28 (25):  112-116.  Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 617864KB )   ( 748 ) In order to analyze the change of the vegetation roots and soil physical and chemical characteristic of main plant communities in natural restoration succession process in sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang by the quantitative analysis method. Firstly, by using the space series to replace time courses, 3 typical sample plots standing for 3 different successive stages were chosen, and then field surveys and experimental analysis were used to detect the relationship between spatial changes pattern of vegetation roots and soil environmental factors under different succession process of the main plant communities in natural restoration succession process in sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang. The results showed that: (1) there were corresponding changes in the ecological characteristics of plant communities and the soil physical and chemical characteristics with the succession process, in the succession initial stage, the succession middle stage, the succession end stage the ratio root to soil of 0-15 cm soil layer was 0.18, 0.15 and 0.12, respectively; (2) The spatial distribution pattern of roots changed with the succession process, the order of the soil quantity attached to roots was: the succession initial stage＜the succession middle stage＜the succession end stage, and the order of the ratio of root to soil of 0-15 cm was: the succession initial stage＞the succession middle stage＞the succession end stage; (3) There were corresponding changes in the spatial distribution pattern of plant roots (0-60 cm), the ratio of the roots to soil attached to them, the soil bulk density, the soil water contents with the succession process, and there was a certain corresponding relationship with the N content in soil.

  Research Advances on Plastic Film Cover of Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 28 (25):  117-123.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 587160KB )   ( 819 ) This paper summarized the plastic film cover technologies and characteristics on tobacco planting. It clarified the actions and effects of different covers technique in the ways of increasing temperature and keeping moisture, improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, promoting growth & development and raising production & quality. In the same time it also analyzed the problems and research direction of the covers technique at the present time.

  Progress on the Resistance Inducing to Cucurbits Powdery Mildew and its Mechanism 2012, 28 (25):  124-128.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 619773KB )   ( 1505 ) Resistance inducing to powdery mildew could effectively reduce hazards to cucurbits production and was an important technique for cucurbits organic production. This paper reviewed the ways of resistance inducing about chemical factors, physical factors and biological factors. It introduced the progress on physical mechanism, physiological and biochemical mechanism, and molecular mechanism of induced resistance. It also analysed some questions in the resistance inducing research and made prospects for the future.

  Study on Dynamic Monitoring of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt in Flue-cured Tobacco Fields 2012, 28 (25):  129-133.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 703260KB )   ( 1094 ) The relation of the pathogen quantity of tobacco bacterial wilt in the first leaf at the bottom of a tobacco plant and the outbreak regularity of the disease in different flue-cured tobacco varieties was investigated. The result showed that it was significantly relative between the pathogen quantity of tobacco bacterial wilt and the outbreak regularity of it in different flue-cured tobacco varieties. And the outbreak of the disease in fields was often increased with the development of the pathogen quantity. Therefore, it might be very useful for the forecast and control of tobacco bacterial wilt by the relation of them in south China, especially in Fujian Province.

  Screening of New Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties with Mountainous Characteristics in Chongqing 2012, 28 (25):  134-138.  Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 605751KB )   ( 904 ) In order to select new flue-cured tobacco varieties with mountainous characteristic in Chongqing, a comparative trail of five new introduced varieties, including of Guiyan 4, Nanjiang 3, Jiucaiping 2, Zhongyan 103, Yunyan 202 , have been conducted at twelve tobacco-planting areas in Chongqing, using Yunyan 87 and K326, the main tobacco plant varieties in Chongqing, as controls. The results showed that Nanjiang 3 had more leaves number and ranked first in terms of tobacco leaf yield, production value, average price and proportion of fine quality tobacco leaves, and the chemical components of Nanjiang 3 were harmonious, but the veins of Nanjiang 3 were a little coarse. Another variety Guiyan 4 ranked second and third in tobacco leaf yield and production value, respectively, and its chemical composition was harmonious. It is suggested that Nanjiang 3 and Guiyan 4 can be used as collocation varieties in Chongqing.

  Comparative Experiments of New Sun-cured Tobacco Variety (Lines) in Mudanjiang 2012, 28 (25):  139-143.  Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 607506KB )   ( 771 ) Speed up the breeding process on good plant type, excellent quality, strong disease resistance, high yield of sun-cured tobacco varieties for suitable local cultivation. The ‘Longyan 2’ was in control, tobacco varieties ‘Xingzi’, ‘Dongfeng 1’, ‘Nong’an narrow leaf’, ‘Nong’an broad leaf’ and ‘Muxi 9712’ were selected for comparative experiment. The results revealed that: smaller leaf angle, ideal plant type and resistant red star disease in ‘Muxi 9712’ with Output 3331.40 kg/hm2, reached to the significance level, income reached extremely significant level. ‘Xingzi’ was that high resistance of disease index of red star in 1.44, yield increased by 15% and income increased by 17.3%. Therefore ‘Xingzi’, ‘Muxi 9712’ were suitable for locally grown varieties. ‘Dongfeng 1’, ‘Nong’an narrow leaf’ having higher disease resistance, can be considered as crossing parents.

  Differences in Anatomical Photosynthetic Structure and Enzyme Activity of Leaves Between Cultivar and Wild Species in Cassava 2012, 28 (25):  144-149.  Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 1589937KB )   ( 839 ) In order to seek the the mechanism of high photosynthetic efficiency in cassava, paraffin sectioning and activity detection had been used to detect the differences of leaf anatomical structure, the activities of key enzymes in photosynthesis and starch accumulation, net photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content between cassava cultivar Arg7 (Manihot esculenta) and its wild ancestor species W14 (Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia). It had been discovered that Arg7 leaves owned unique vascular bundle sheath cell structure, higher PEPCase activity (50.41 NADH μmol/(mg protein?h), higher net photosynthetic rate [36.82 μmol/(m2?s)] as well as lower chlorophyll content than W14. Furthermore, the activities dynamic changes of Rubisco, PEPC, AGPase and SuSy were almost the same with the trends of net photosynthetic rate. It was indicated that cassava showed a high synergy in the process of starch synthesis, photosynthesis and photosynthesis product transportation. A conclusion could be draw that the high photosynthetic efficiency in cassava maybe due to the existing of C4 photosynthesis mode in leaves to some degree and a better route for photosynthesis product transportation than W14.

  The Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Based on PCR 2012, 28 (25):  150-153.  Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 882921KB )   ( 859 ) The aim was to study the detection technology of Pseudomonas syringae pv. in cucumber, and provide the method for quick and precise detection. According to the differences in 16S-23S Ribosomal DNA Intergenic Spacer（ITS）sequences of Pseudomonas syringae pv. and other cucumber pathogens, a couple of specific primers of PLf1/PLr2（PLf1: 5' ATA AGG GTG AGG TCG GCA GTT 3', PLr2: 5' CTC GTC TTT CAT CGC CTT TG 3'）were synthesized. Using PLf1/PLr2 primers, only a single PCR band of 473 bp from Pseudomonas syringae pv. was amplified and no PCR band from other species. The primers could identify and distinguish Pseudomonas syringae pv. from other cucumber pathogens. The PCR-based method could be used for the accurate and rapid identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Furthermore, the pathogenic bacteria were detected by this diagnostic technique in 72h before syptome was observational.

  Effect of Storage Temperature on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of Early-Maturation Melon Fruit 2012, 28 (25):  154-156.  Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 643391KB )   ( 689 ) The early ripe variety ‘Zaohuangmi’ was used to study the effect of storage temperature on postharvest physiology and qualities of fruit during storage at different temperature (25℃, 20℃, 15℃, 10℃, 5℃). The results showed that low temperature (10℃, 5℃) inhibited the respiration rate and ethylene production rate, and delayed the appearance of respiration peak and ethylene peak. At lower temperature fruit firmness was delayed, and then the storage period was prolonged. Storage temperature had little effect on soluble solid content(SSC). The fruit showed chilling injury on the 19th day and couldn’t get post-maturation regularly at 5℃. It could delay maturation and finish post-maturation regularly at 10℃.

  Activity and Expression Changes of Sorbitol Dehydrogenase in Developing Bagging ‘Red Fuji’ Apple Fruit 2012, 28 (25):  157-161.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 716792KB )   ( 1120 ) The changes of sorbitol content, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and protein expression in bagging ‘Red Fuji’ apple fruit were studied through enzyme determination and Western blotting technique. The results showed that the sorbitol content and SDH activity in bagging ‘Red Fuji’ apple fruit almost had the same dynamic changes as control fruit during the whole developing period. Moreover, the relative lower SDH activity and higher sorbitol content were found in bagging apple fruit compared with control. Therefore, fruit bagging influenced sorbitol metabolism in some extent. On the other hand, Western blotting assay of SDH detected the presence of 40 kDa peptide and the intensity of immune signal in apple fruit increased gradually with fruit developing. However, few significant differences of immune signal existed in bagging and control fruit at the same sampling period. So it was concluded that the changes of SDH activity was regulated at post-translational level.

  Different Light Qualities on Growth of Crataegus in vitro 2012, 28 (25):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 1464877KB )   ( 935 ) Using differentiated test tube seedlings of Crataegus cultivar as experimental material, we investigated the effect of different light spectrum on differentiation, rooting, and growth after transplantation. We hope this research could shorten production cycle of plant tissue culture, enhance the quality of tissue seedlings, provide shortcut to fast propagation of other plant species, and offer theoretical basis and data support for the effects of light spectrum on plant growth. The results showed that the 7︰9 ratio of red and blue light quality had the greatest impact on Crataegus differentiation and rooting in vitro, for the differentiation was earlier and the rate reached 89.7%, the rooting had more number and strong, the rate reached 44.7%. After 4 days transplanting to the matrix which mixed with the turf︰vermiculite︰perlite in 2︰1︰1. Observed after 25 days, the red and blue 7︰9 seedlings grew best, tidiness and high strong; root length reached the maximum difference under the red light, that indicated the long waves promoted the plant extension length growth; their root fresh mass and root length decreased under blue light, which showed short wavelength light had less impacts on Crataegus growth; comprehensive the differentiation, rooting and transplanting, we obtained the results for the 7︰9 ratio of red and blue was the most appropriate light quality on growth of Crataegus.

  Study on the Effects of Growth and Fruit Quality in Response to Different Fertilizing Levels in ‘Jumeigui’ Grapes 2012, 28 (25):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 661886KB )   ( 890 ) The experiments were continuously conducted under protected condition in 2009 and 2010, in order to elucidate the effects of different compound fertilizing levels on fruit quality, leaf petiole nutrient absorption, and leaf net photosynthetic rate of ‘Jumeigui’ grape at the stage of fruit cell rapid elongation. NPK compound fertilizer of six levels was top-dressed to ‘Jumeigui’ grape trees. The related characteristics of fruit quality, nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) content of leaf petiole, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), were investigated and compared. The results showed that, when the fertilizer level exceeded 300 kg/hm2, there were no significant differences of average berry weight, total soluble solid content (TSS), titrate-acid (TA), and fruit firmness among the treatments. The leaf petiole N, P, K had not changed significantly among different fertilizing level. Moreover, although fertilizing increased the leaf Pn compared to the control, it was not significantly affected by different fertilizing levels. Therefore, integrating these results, we concluded that, under the protected condition of ‘Jumeigui’ grape, the feasible fertilizing amount may be about 300 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Salt Concentration on Growth, Ion Absorption and Distribution of Aloe Vera L. 2012, 28 (25):  172-178.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 3328757KB )   ( 727 ) To explore the adaptability of irrigating aloe with weakly brine water, the effects of different concentration salinity stresses on growth, ion absorption and distribution of aloe plants were investigated. Experimental results showed that irrigation with 200 mmol/L NaCl for 120 d significantly retarded aloe growth, but the negative effects of irrigating aloe with 100 mmol/L NaCl on aloe growth were significantly relieved, even irrigating with 50 mmol/L NaCl did not retard aloe growth. The effects of irrigating with 50 mmol/L NaCl on ion absorption, transportation and distribution of aloe plants were not significant, but irrigating with 100 mmol/L NaCl were significant: K+ contents of root, stem and leaf significantly decreased, Na+ and Cl- content significantly increased, K+/Na+ ratio significantly decreased. X-ray microanalysis results further showed that leaf aqueous was a main part of accumulating salt ion but ion homeostasis in root and leaf cells of aloe plants were significantly interrupted under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. The experiment results suggested that Aloe vera L. was suitable to be irrigated with weakly brine water, and leaf aqueous tissue played important roles in the accumulating salt ion and alleviating salt stress.

  The comparison between the total flavonoid content and the activities of PAL and 4CL in Erigeron breviscapus from different areas 2012, 28 (25):  179-183.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 668570KB )   ( 920 ) To study reasons for difference in content of the total flavonoid in different areas,and to reveal the reason from enzymes about difference of active ingredients of medicinal plants. Pick the wild Erigeron breviscapus from different areas in Yunnan Province, and put them back to laboratory alive and store in 4℃. Set out the activities of enzymes from fresh leaves,and triturate the remainder use to analyse the total flavonoid content. Based on the comparison between the total flavonoid content and the activities of enzymes of plenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase(4CL) in Erigeron breviscapus from different areas. There were variations in total flavonoid content and the activities of enzymes of E. breviscapus growing in different producing areas, and total flavonoid content in the lowest content producing areas were 20.47%, the lowest content producing areas of the total flavonoid content and the activities of enzymes of PAL and 4CL are in Kunming, and positively correlation among them. The content of flavonoids in plants growing in different areas varied with differences in their synthesis, but there are other reasons affect the content of flavonoids in Erigeron breviscapus from different areas.

  Study on Tissue Culture Technique in Hemerocallis hybridus ‘Stella D’oro’ Using Ovary as Explants 2012, 28 (25):  184-190.  Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 3008534KB )   ( 863 ) In order to improve the efficiency of propagation of Hemeroeallis hybridus, this study researched the tissue culture system with ovary as explant in primary culture method; use flower bud of ‘Stella D’oro’ as the test material. The result showed that: the first generation cultivated achieved zero pollution and zero perishing by adopting high density sterilizing buds and the technique of peeling ovary in aseptic, and medium supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L was the best one for ovary explant callus induction and differentiation. Through studying the basic culture medium, hormone ratio and the highly organic substances of the bud multiplications, it is found that: the basic culture medium B5 was better than MS. The hormone supplemented took effect best with 6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L, the propagation coefficient reached 7.2. Add L-proline and hydrolysis of complex protein on propagation coefficient had little effect on, but, they can effectively improve the growth state of plantlet. The medium supplemented with 1/2MS+0.4 mg/L NAA+20 g/L sucrose was the best for rooting of plantlet. The survival rates of plantlets reached 90% in three conditions: river sand, peaty soil, and 3:1 of vermiculite+peaty soil.

  The Study on Mutagenic Effect of Bougainvillea Induced by NaN3 2012, 28 (25):  191-195.  Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 792732KB )   ( 704 )

  Comparison of Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract from Aerial Parts of Elsholtzia stauntonii 2012, 28 (25):  196-200.  Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 647472KB )   ( 892 ) In order to compare the allelopathy strength of the aqueous extract from aerial parts of Elsholtzia stauntonii Benth., taking its fresh stems, leaves and inflorescences as the donors and the seeds of Iris Pseudacorus L. as the recipients, the experiment was designed as 3×5 factorial and arranged randomly, the four indexes such as germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and seedling percentage of the recipients were determined by bioassay methods and the response index (RI) and synthesis effect (SE) were also calculated. The results showed that both the two factors (donor type and aqueous extract concentration) had great significant effects (P<0.01) on the four indexes. And the allelopathy of aqueous extracts both stems and inflorescences, among the tree aerial parts, on receipts became stronger as the concentration increased; the SE values of the tree parts were -4.6, -6.45, -4.84, respectively, which indicated the order of allelopathy suppression was leaves>inflorescences>stems. Leaves, stems and inflorescences of E. stauntonii can release allelochemicals, and leaves can release more.

  Herbicidal Activities of Ethanol Extraction and Different Solvent Extract Phase of Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. Leaves 2012, 28 (25):  201-208.  Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 1302590KB )   ( 772 ) In order to find the extraction method of herbicidal compounds from Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. leaves, the effects of the ethanol extraction and different solvent extract phases of P. tobira leaves on seedlings growth of Lactuca sativa, Triticum aestivum, Lagopsis supine and Echinochloa crusgalli were studied with method of grinded plant tissue powder mixed with agar (PPA). The results showed that, the growth of 4 kinds of receiver plants seedlings were inhibited differently by ethanolic extract of P. tobira leaves, and the susceptibility of L. sativa, T. aestivum, and L. supine were higher than that of E. crusgalli. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water partition from ethanolic extracts had higher inhibitory effect on the growth of 4 kinds of receiver plants, although the inhibitions were different. The results suggested that, the ethanol extraction and its different solvent extract phases of P. tobira all had the high growth inhibitory substances, but the substance varieties might be more complicated.

  Effect of Temperature, Subculture Cycle and Light on the Growth of Acer negundo ‘Aureomarginatum’ in vitro 2012, 28 (25):  209-212.  Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 561123KB )   ( 684 ) The effects of temperature,subculture cycle and light on the root,leaf and plantlet height of Acer negundo ‘Aureomarginatum’ in vitro were studied .The results showed that the differences by temperature, subculture cycle, light on the plantlet height reached the significant level, it was significantly affected on leaf number by subculture cycle, and on root growth coefficient by illumination time , The optimal culture conditions for Acer negundo ‘Aureomarginatum’ in vitro were at 30℃, 4200Lx light intensity, 16h / d illumination time, and the subculture cycle was 35d.

  Spatial Distribution and Sampling Technique of Overwintering Eggs of Geisha distinctissima Walker in Tea Garden 2012, 28 (25):  213-218.  Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 807853KB )   ( 630 ) In order to supply the reference for controlling and precisely predicting the occurance of Geisha distinctissima Walker, spatial distribution of the eggs in tea garden was detected by using the dispersal indices and Iwao regression approaches. In addition, according to the sampling equations, Iwao and Willson sequential sampling were researched. The results showed that the eggs in the tea garden was in aggregative patterns of spatial distribution. Such patterns were resulted mainly from the Geisha distinctissima Walker’s biological characteristics. And the sample number was 64 and 256 by Iwao sequential sampling, but the sample number was only 10 by Willson sequential sampling. The study are helpful to further research and control.

  Studies on the Selection of Tea Varieties with Strong Cold Resistance 2012, 28 (25):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 576926KB )   ( 617 ) In order to obtain the tea varieties with cold resistance, and improve the capability of cold disaster prevention and mitigation of tea gardens, the cold resistances of 24 tea varieties were studied with the methods of natural infection, leaves anatomical structure and electrical conductivity. The results showed that the stronger cold resistance varieties were ‘Zhenong 113’, ‘Zhongcha 102’, ‘Cuifeng’, etc. The cold resistance orders of the tea varieties were different in the three methods, and the synthetic identification result was more reliable than any one of the three methods according with the actual production.

  Comparison of Activity of four Dehydrogenases in Ginseng from Different Origins 2012, 28 (25):  224-228.  Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 775874KB )   ( 683 ) The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and optimization of ginseng. Adopt neutral buffer solution to extract the enzyme solution of Radix Ginseng. The activities of Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were detected by spectrophotometry, and compared. The clustering analysis was performed using the software SPSS13.0 to system for 15 batch sample. There were obvious differences of the activities dehydrogenase of ginseng from different origin. The activities of four dehydrogenases from the same origin were basically same. In Antu County Wanbao Town, MDH, LDH and G6PDH had the highest activities, 124.58 U/(g?Fw), 129.88 U/(g?Fw) and 109.84 U/(g?Fw) respectively. The four kinds of enzymes activity of two origins in Heilongjiang Province were generally low. The sample was divided into four categories. The activities of MDH, LDH, ADH and G6PDH could provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and optimization of ginseng.

  The Effects of AM Fungi on the Growth of Cassava 2012, 28 (25):  229-233.  Abstract + ( 933 )   PDF ( 614363KB )   ( 558 ) To investigate the possibility of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tuber crops culture, experiments were conducted with cassava as test crop to screen the advantageous fungi and to study the effects of AM fungi on the infection rate and the growth of cassava. The effects of AM fungi, including Glomus intraradices (Gi), G. manihotis (Gm) and Acaulospora tuberculata (At), on the growth of cassava by the pot culture method with single inoculum treatments and mixed inocula treatments were studied. The results showed that there was higher infective frequency and the growth of plant and the absorption of phosphorus in stem were improved by inoculating Gm in single inoculum treatments. The effects on the growth of cassava by inoculating Gi and At were not obvious. In general, the effects of mixed inoculua treatments of Gi and Gm (2G) or 2G+At were better than single inoculum, treatments, especially in biomass accumulation by inoculating 2G and infection intensity by inoculating 2G+At. The experimental results revealed that incoculation with AM fungi made positive contributions to improve the yield of cassava.

  A Study of Relationship Between Field Occurrence and Meterological Factors of Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Oilseed Rape and Its Prediction Model 2012, 28 (25):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 624487KB )   ( 580 ) Sclerotinia stem rot is a major disease in oilseed rape. In order to improve the ability of predicting the occurrence trends of the Sclerotinia disease in oilseed rape, the relationship of occurrence and meterological factors of this disease was analyzed. Based on the correlation analysis between the meterological data and the occurrence data of Sclerotinia stem rot in the field oilseed rape in Jiaxing from 1980 to 2010, it was showed that amount of rainfall from the last ten days in March to the first 10 days in April and the rainy days in the first 10 days in April were significantly positive correlated with the disease incidence, while the sunning days in the second 10 days in April was significantly negative correlated with the incidence, and the mean temperature had a minor effect on the disease. Then using the stepwise regression analysis method, six prediction models were established based on meterological factors, such as rainfall, amounts of rainy days and sunning days, temperature. After the validation with historical data, the 5th and 6th models were showed higher goodness of fit, which could be further used for predicting the disease occurrence in Jiaxing and the northern Zhejiang Province.

  Effects of Acetyl Salicylic Acid on Cold Resistance of Tomato Seedlings Under Sub-low Nighttime Temperature 2012, 28 (25):  239-242.  Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 803217KB )   ( 624 ) To enhance adaptability of tomatoes cultivated in the north to the sub-low nighttime temperature in early spring, ‘Liaoyuanduoli’ (cold-resistant strains) and ‘Lijiadafen’ (cold-sensitive strains) tomato strains seedlings were chose as experimental material. The effects of exogenous acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) on tomato seedlings at sub-low nighttime temperature of 9℃ were observed by determining the malondialdeyde content, conductivity and proline concent of tomato leaves, which was carried out by spraying ASA of different concentrations on the leaves when the tomato seedlings was in the phase of two leaves and one heart. Exogenous acetyl salicylic acid of ‘Liaoyuanduoli’ tomato strains 40 mg/L and ‘Lijiadafen’ tomato strains 120 mg/L may help to resist the sub-low temperature, protecting tomato seedlings from threatens of low temperature. Therefore, when the tomato seedlings are in the phase of two leaves and one heart, the spraying of acetyl salicylic acid of a optimal concentration can reduce the damage of sub-low nighttime temperature to tomato seedings, improving the cold-resistance of tomato seedlings.

  Researches of Ozone Water Controlling Root-knot Nematodes 2012, 28 (25):  243-247.  Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 680263KB )   ( 853 ) The study was conducted to explore effects of ozone water on controlling root-knot nematodes with varying concentrations, and to provide theoretical basis for controlling root-knot nematodes. Ozone water was poured into the roots of three crops, ginger, watermelon and tomato, with four different concentration treatments, 0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L at different growth stages. Root-knot and nematode counts were taken when ginger harvested, watermelon expanded and tomato plants removed, respectively. Compared with 0 mg/L application, the number of root-knot and nematode in ginger treated by 1.0 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L respectively decreased 59.1%, 93.3% and 57.8%, 88.3%, that of watermelon decreased 66.9%, 91.1% and 60.9%, 89.1%; and that of tomato decreased 70.0%, 93.8% and 73.6%, 92.2% respectively. There was no significant difference between 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L application. The study suggested ozone water with 1.5 mg/L application could effectively control nematodes.

  Research on Non-linear Regression Model of Meteorological Factors for Apple Yield in Shaanxi Province 2012, 28 (25):  248-251.  Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 607280KB )   ( 638 ) In order to serve apple industry development and provide scientific decisions to the development of apple production and marketing for Shaanxi Province, objective and quantitative prediction model of apple production was found. By using meteorological conditions as predictor, which affected apple production, taking non-linear regression model as method, non-linear regression model of meteorological factors for apple yields were established for 5 apple production base counties in Shaanxi Province. The models checking results showed that accuracy rate was over 73%, and the models could accurately reflect the yield. The models were the first time to forecast apple yield, and they were clear thinking and operable, which could provide a reference to other provinces to forecast apple yield, or to forecast the yield for other economic fruits.

  Study on TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation Effect for Chlorpyrifos in Apple and Damson 2012, 28 (25):  252-255.  Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 849517KB )   ( 855 ) Pesticide residuals in agricultural products threaten human health. A new solution to this problem was to use potocatalytic degradation agent to degenerate these residuals. This paper explored the photocatalytic effects of nanometer TiO2 both in powder and hydrogel forms in degenerating chlorpyrifos residual in apples and damsons. The results showed that both powder and hydrogel forms work well. However, Hydrogel form was more effective than powder form. Because it was innoxious and highly photo catalytic, TiO2 has broad development prospects as a photocatapytic degradation agent to degenerate pesticide residuals in agricultural products.

  The Disease Control Effect of Soil Decontaminant (Ⅰ) and Its Influence on the Yield of Grapes in the Vinery 2012, 28 (25):  256-259.  Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 535464KB )   ( 659 ) The comparative experiment on the application rates of soil decontaminant (Ⅰ) was performed to determine its disease control effect and influence on the yield of grapes after it was applied in the vinery. The results showed that the yield of grapes at the application rate of 450-900 kg/hm2 plus 45% compound fertilizer at 750 kg/hm2 increased by 20.7%-28.6% in comparison with that under CK without the application of soil decontaminant (Ⅰ), together with the increased economic returns 19.8%-28.6% and the significant control effect on powdery mildew，anthracnose and downy mildew. Under the four application rates of soil decontaminant (Ⅰ), the damage rates of powdery mildew，anthracnose and downy mildew reduced respectively by 73.7%, 78.9%, 78.9%, and 78.9% compared with CK without the application of soil decontaminant (Ⅰ). The results also showed that, an optimum combination of grape yield, economic returns and disease control effect could be obtained at 750 kg/hm2 application rate of soil decontaminant (Ⅰ).

  Analysis of Meteorological Conditions of Citrus Cold Damage of Southern Shaanxi in Winter 2010 and Its Defensive Countermeasures 2012, 28 (25):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 681614KB )   ( 618 ) In order to use climate resources effectively and pursure the interests while avoiding disadvantages, planning and development southern Shaanxi citrus industry reasonably, in this paper, on the basis of disaster survey of southern Shaanxi citrus cold damage in winter 2010, the author analyzed the climatic background of citrus cold damage in winter 2010, and combined the citrus cold damage indicators overwintering stage and harmful accumulated cold over the cold wave, analyzed and verified the southern Shaanxi citrus cold damage level indicators, and put forward the southern Shaanxi citrus cold damage level indicators which divided by using the harmful accumulated cold over the cold wave. On the analysis of the extreme minimum temperature and the harmful accumulated cold over the cold wave in wintering 2010 and in historical years of 12 citrus planting county in Ankang Region and Hanzhong Region, the author discussed the reason that southern Shaanxi citrus cold damage over wintering stage in western was graver than in eastern, and the analysis results were matched the truth basically, finally put forward the defensive countermeasures of citrus cold damage overwintering stage from several aspects.

  Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Application on the Growth of Banana and the Physical-chemical Properties of Soil 2012, 28 (25):  265-271.  Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 706404KB )   ( 941 ) A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of bio-organic fertilizers as both base fertilizer and top-dressing in the process of banana production. The physic-chemical characteristics of soil, such as bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, organic matter components, N, P and K, and soil microorganisms were assessed. And the stem growth, fruits features and productivity were investigated. The results showed that, the bulk density of soil decreased by 0.83%-10.0% after the application of bio-organic fertilizers. The porosity increased by 2.42%-10.06%, the soil water holding capacity increased by 10.03%-23.79%, the soil organic matter component increased by 10.03%-23.79%, and N, P and K increased by 5.26%-22.22%, 0.04%-6.01%, 2.96%-13.97%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 0.05%-8.98% and 4.87%-145.27% respectively, the N, P, and K content in banana leaves increased by 0.94%-1.41%, 5.88%-27.94%, 0.65%-4.88% respectively, and the total chlorophyll content increased by 2.12%~22.74%. The application of bio-organic fertilizers significantly facilitated the banana plant growth, as shown by the extended height (2.12%-22.74%) and circumference of banana pseudostem and increased number of green leaves. The fruit productivity was promoted by a quantity of 7.9%-12.7%, and the fruit quality improved as well. The application of bio-organic fertilizers was an effective way to amend soil, increasing its nutrient contents and microbial activity, as well as promote the growth of banana plantraising its productivity and fruit quality.

  The Investigation of Cherry Pollinators 2012, 28 (25):  272-276.  Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 701452KB )   ( 824 ) In order to research species and numbers of Cherry pollinators. We used sample survey and netting in the fixed points to survey pollinators of Cherry flowering in the Shenwangpo Village and the Shi Village in Jiang County of Cherry major producing areas of Shanxi Province. The results showed that: (1) 3290 specimens were collected, through identification they belonged to 4 orders, 15 families, 26 species, Hymenoptera was 64.83%-74.81% of Cherry pollinators, Apidae was the major pollinators of Hymenoptera. (2) β diversity analysis showed that, pollinators community similarity coefficient was 0.63 at mountain area and plain area, along the changes of environmental gradient from mountain area to plain area, species showed a relative reducing trend. (3) peak times of insects collection activities was 9:00-11:00, according to the numbers of collected insects from many to few one day, they were sorted as fellows: Apidae, Andrenidae, Syrphidae and Anthophoridae, when the temperature was 10℃, insects began activities, Apidae was the earliest insect to begin out-nest activities.

  Geographic Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Wild Tea Germplasms from Yunnan 2012, 28 (25):  277-288.  Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 812092KB )   ( 856 ) Yunnan area is the center of tea origination with abundant in tea germplasm resources enriching the genetic diversity, which plays in an important role in tea research. In this paper, according to the field investigation and document literature collection, the geographic distribution and morphological diversity of Yunnan wild tea resources were systematically illustrated and investigation. The results showed that: (1) Wild tea plants spreads widely in Yunnan, and they are distributed mainly in eight areas, including Xishuangbanna, Puer, Baoshan and so on. (2) Wild tea trees and cultivated tea trees usually differ markedly in morphology. (3) there lie 22 species and 2 varieties among wild tea plants, which demonstrate abundant morphological diversity. (4) Ecology destroy was the main causation which result in population depression of wild tea plants. So, some suggestions about Yunnan wild tea germplasms were put forward, including the exploration, collection conservation, protection, researches of bionomics and genetic diversity of rare and wild tea germplasms, which will promote the selection for new tea improved cultivars and provide a good material and technical basis for the sustainable development of tea industry.

  The Present Situation and Development Research of Recreation Ecology 2012, 28 (25):  289-293.  Abstract + ( 645 )   PDF ( 548302KB )   ( 687 ) With the continuous development of society, the problem of the tourism also appears more outstanding. This article analyzed the relationship between ecotourism and recreation ecology, and on the basis of the understanding and researching, put recreation ecology forward a deeper level of request. How to develop the tourism,including ecotourism, is the problem to be solved. This article summarized the five research methods about recreation ecology: the field survey method, the positioning method, the ecological simulation method, the modern information technology method and the tourism evaluation and planning method, and from the point of view of research methods to elaborate the present situation of recreation ecology at home and abroad. At the end of the article discussed the relationship of recreation ecology and landscape ecology, landscape architecture, and biological statistics, and the potential of each other.

  Study on Drought Resistance of 9 Sedums for Light Roof Greening 2012, 28 (25):  294-301.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 957858KB )   ( 811 ) In order to select drought-resistant plants for un-serviced light roof greening, 9 Sedum cultivars were investigated such as Sedum spurium ‘Coccineum’, S. lineare, S. lineare ‘JinYe’, S. spectabile ‘Borea’ and S. nicaeense etc. Leaf water content, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, MDA (malondialdehyde) content and plant appearance etc. were observed under successive drought stress in light incubator which simulated green roof environment. The results showed that with the days of drought stress increasing, the leaf water content decreased slightly and proline less reacted; Membrane lipids proxidation in most of sedum cultivars were slighter than which in S. spurium ‘Coccineum’. The results indicated that most sedums had high drought resistance. The drought resistance of 9 Sedums were comprehensive evaluated with subordinate function, their drought-resistance order was S. lineare>S. spectabile ‘Borea’>S. sarmentosum>S. lineare ‘Kuanye’>S. aizoon>S. hybridum>S. nicaeense>S. lineare ‘JinYe’>S. spurium ‘Coccineum’.

  Investigation on Soil Water Infiltration in Different Urban Green Lands in Hefei City 2012, 28 (25):  302-307.  Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 722440KB )   ( 750 ) In order to investigate the limit factors that influence soil water infiltration, and increase the adjusting and controlling roles in rain run-off in urban green land, soil infiltration in different functional urban green areas and the soil properties including particle size distribution, bulk density, the total porosity and aeration porosity of soil samples collected from green lands in Hefei urban were investigated. Results demonstrated that in different urban green lands the clay particles were between 37.6% and 44.7% in all the soil samples; the soil bulk density ranged from 1.22 to 1.68 g/cm3, and the mean bulk density was higher than 1.40 g/cm3. The aeration porosity were ranged from 9.21% to 17.6%, and its mean level were in the order: residential area (14.1%)>municipal (13.9%)>park(13.7%)>campus (11.3%). The sharp decreases of soil infiltration were found in the first stage (0-40 min), slow decline in the second stage (40-90 min) and the stable stage (90-100 min) were tested by using the double rings infiltration methods. The mean soil infiltration velocity in different green areas expressed the following rules: park (2.42×10-5 m/s)>municipal (2.10×10-5 m/s)>residential area (0.62×10-5 m/s)>campus (0.56×10-5 m/s). About 21.1% of soil infiltration velocity was in the grade of medium fast and fast, and 78.9% of them in the medium slow and slow grade. Results from this study would provide critical facts for designing urban green lands and reducing urban non-point pollution through green land in Hefei.

  On the Classification and Evaluation of Scenic Resources in Wahuanggong Scenic Area in shexian 2012, 28 (25):  308-312.  Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 1190546KB )   ( 682 ) According to Code for Scenic Area Planning (GB 50298—1999), we gave a further investigation classification and evaluation to efficiently utilize and protect these Landscape Resources. Among the 78 scenic resources,3belong to super, 17 belongs to level 1, 31 belongs to level 2, 22 belongs to level 3 and 5 belongs to level 4,the human scenic resources which has higher scenic-level accounted for 34.6% of the total number of scenic resources. The results showed that the landscape resources in She County has a high aesthetic value, moreover historical, cultural, scientific, recreational, environmental and hygienically value can not be ignored also. In conclusion, it had comparatively higher development value for tourism.

  The Role of the Village Landscape in the Mountain Scenic 2012, 28 (25):  313-316.  Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 554990KB )   ( 579 ) Rooted in the village landscape of the Mountain Scenic Area is an indispensable part of scenic area. With the development of scenic area, the village landscapes have become an important part of the scenic resources. Protection and utilizing village landscape well can not only add brilliance to the scenic area, but also have the immeasurable significance on development and protection of the scenic area. This paper described the status of the villages in the scenic, analyzed the effects of the village landscape in the scenic area, and clarified the positive significance of the rational development and utilization on the village landscape. Based on the principles of the protection and utilization of scenic spots, the paper put forward the measures of reasonable utilization on village landscape, so as to open the future development of village landscape and make village landscape get a better protection and utilization.