Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.2 Published:11 January 2019

  Physiological Indexes of Wheat Varieties Under Salt Stress: The Change Law 王伟,王伟伟,付晶,, and 于亮 2019, 35 (2):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120087 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 330 ) This objective is to provide a theoretical basis for wheat breeding and identification under salt stress. 18 wheat varieties commonly used in Cangzhou of Hebei are selected as test materials, and treated with 0 mmol/L NaCl and 150 mmol/L NaCl. The proline content, chlorophyll content and the membrane permeability are detected. The results showed that under salt stress, chlorophyll content, cell membrane permeability and proline content of different varieties had different responses to NaCl stress.‘Cangmai 6005 bald’and‘Cangmai 6005-1’,‘Cangmai 6005-2’and‘Cangmai 6005-3’had better salt tolerance. The changes of chlorophyll content, cell membrane permeability and proline content are closely related to salt resistance of wheat after salt treatment.

  Film with Different Colors Affecting Soil Temperature, Potato Growth and Yield 2019, 35 (2):  5-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100101 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 298 ) Field experiments were conducted from April to October in 2007 and March to July in 2017, on the Experiment Station of Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Minqin County, Gansu Province and the Special Potato Experimental Base of China Agricultural University in Rizhao City, Shangdong Province, respectively. Three different films [black film(BM), transparent film(TM), no film(NM)] were taken to investigate their effect on soil temperature, potato growth and yield. The results showed that: (1) mulching could improve the soil temperature of 0-20 cm soil layer, and the transparent film’s warming effect was more significant, which accelerated the emergence of potato, but the relationship between the emergence rate and the film color was not displayed consistently; (2) plant height and dry matter quality were higher under mulching treatments, and the plant height was BM>TM in the whole growth period, however the dry matter quality was TM>BM, except in the tuber enlargement period; (3) in 2007, the final tuber yields of single plant and the yields among different treatments had uniform relations as: BM>TM>NM; in 2017, the final tuber yield of single plant was: NM>BM>TM.

  Method of Sweet Potato Core Collection Construction 2019, 35 (2):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020050 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 290 ) The National Germplasm Guangzhou Sweet Potato Nursery Genebank is the only national germplasm nursery with outdoor vegetative conservation in China. Based on 1200 sweetpotato germplasms, we did dimensionality reduction on 22 phenotypic traits by factor analysis and R-cluster. Three kinds of Q-cluster methods including Two Step Cluster, K- Means Cluster and Hierarchieal Cluster were combined with five geographical resources to group germplasms. The core collections were constructed by combing randomly sampled and required germplasms. According to the above scheme, sample database with 15 sweetpotato core collections were constructed. The representativeness of quantitative traits in the 15 construction schemes was evaluated by the coefficient of variation, standard deviation conformity and extreme difference conformity. The representativeness of quality traits was evaluated with Shannon- Weaver index and variance of phenotypic frequency(χ2) test. The results indicated that using R-clustering for dimensionality reduction, Two Step Cluster combined with geographical resources for grouping, and random sampling within the group was the best approach to construct the sweetpotato core collection. By using this strategy, the genetic diversity and variation in the constructed core collection are well presented in the total resources.

  Breeding and Identification of a New Sweetpotato Cultivar‘Rongshu No.153’ with High Yield and Good Quality 2019, 35 (2):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070087 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 1379KB )   ( 279 ) A new sweetpotato cultivar ‘Rongshu No.153’ with high yield and good quality was bred from female parent ‘jinshan No.57’ with early maturity, high yield, good quality, excellent characteristics and male parental material ‘B1’ with high dry matter content, high disease resistance by directed hybridization and multipoint identification. The morphological characteristics, agronomic characteristics, quality characteristics, disease resistance, productivity and adaptability of ‘Rongshu No.153’ was experimental studied, The results indicated that it had medium sprouting capacity and steady vigor during all growth period. In Fujian Provincal Sweetpotato Regional Trial (2013-2014), the average yield of fresh tuberous root of ‘Rongshu No.153’was 41.3873 t/hm2 and 5.20 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’ (CK); The average dry matter rate was 27.68% and 1.45 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’; The average starch rate was 17.72% and 1.26 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’; The test value of cooked taste was 80.2 and 0.2 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’; The test value of extrinsic feature was 80.5 and 0.5 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’; It showed moderate resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum wilt. The storability of tuberous root was strong. It was approved by Fujian Provincial Crop Varieties Appraisal Committee in 2016(the approval number: Minshenshu2016003), and it is suitable for growingSinSwideSareas for fresh-eating or processing.

  Prospects of Fertigation Development in Sichuan Tobacco Farmland 2019, 35 (2):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090135 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 1073KB )   ( 245 ) Tobacco is one of the most important economic crops in our country, its area and yield ranks first in the world, and fertigation is an important practice measure of modern agriculture, however, the application of fertigation in tobacco farmland has just started. To well develop and apply the fertigation in Sichuan tobacco farmland, we collected and analyzed the literatures on fertigation in library of “China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)” and “Web of Science”, and found that: (1) literatures on “fertigation” speedily increased, especially in China, with annual increment of 50% in recent years, and “fertigation” were widely concerned in natural and social sciences, but were very few in tobacco farmland. (2) Presently, hardware technology of “fertigation” is both practical and reliable, but that with low cost, as well as suitable for the mountain region and land where is lack of water resource and power, and for the household contract system, is apparently absent. (3)Application of “fertigation” in different regions and different crops received substantially economic and ecological efficiency. However, studies on regulation parameters of “fertigation” suitable for various regions and crops, and on water soluble fertilizer is obviously insufficient. Based on the above knowledge and characteristics of Sichuan tobacco farmland, we put forward the concrete proposals on three aspects of “fertigation”: basic research, approaches development and production practice.

  Effect of Allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana Forests on Seed Germination in Tianshan 2019, 35 (2):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010023 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 217 ) The paper aims to explore the effects of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana forests on seed germination of plants. The seeds of Picea schrenkiana, two kinds of monocotyledon seeds (Sorghum sudanese, wheat) and two kinds of dicotyledon seeds (mooli, chili) were used as the materials, the authors analyzed the effects of 7 kinds of allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana on seed germination by using Petri dish and filter paper method. The results showed that: the 7 kinds of allelochemicals significantly inhibited the germination rate of seeds of Sorghum sudanese, chili and Picea schrenkiana and the inhibition was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of allelochemicals, however, they had a little influence on the seeds of wheat and mooli, which originally had high germination rate. The autotoxicity of the 7 kinds of allelochemicals was stronger than their allelopathic effect. The general trend of intensity of allelopathic effect from 3 kinds of allelochemicals on monocotyledon and dicotyledon was: coumarins>ketones>phenolic acids; there was a great difference in the inhibitory intensity of different phenolic acids on seed germination. The allelochemicals of Picea schrenkiana have different intensities of allelopathic effect on seeds of 5 kinds of plants and the intensity of allelopathic effect is closely related to the species and concentration of allelochemicals.

  Scheme Optimization of Containerized Seedlings of Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, Cinnamomum japonicum and Schima superba 2019, 35 (2):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080004 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 994KB )   ( 232 ) To screen out the containerized seedling scheme suitable for the growth and development of Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, Cinnamomum japonicum and Schima superba, the factorial design was used to study the effects of the matrix, container specs and slow release fertilizer dosage on the growth of 2- year- old container seedlings of Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, Cinnamomum japonicum and Schima superba. Studies showed that the matrix ratio had no obvious effect on the growth of the 2-year-old container seedlings of the three tree species, but the growth of the container seedlings of Ficus concinna var. subsessilis and Cinnamomum japonicum was sensitive to the matrix. The container spec had a significant effect on the growth of the container seedlings, and the best effect was achieved by 18 cm× 18 cm non-woven container bag. The seedling height and ground diameter of the Ficus concinna var. subsessilis container seedlings increased significantly with the increase of slow-release fertilizer application. Cinnamomum japonicum and Schima superba had the highest seedling height and ground diameter growth when the slow-release fertilizer was 2.0 kg/m3 and the growth decreased when the slow release fertilizer dosage exceeded 2.0 kg/m3. The interaction between various factors basically reached significant level. Comprehensively considering the main effect and interaction effect of all factors, three to five kinds of optimization scheme for containerized seedlings were selected for afforestation of the tree species.

  Effects of Combined Application of Dazomet and Bio-bacterial Fertilizer on Growth, Yield, Diseases, Pests and Weeds of Plastic House Autumn Tomato 郭晨曦 2019, 35 (2):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070123 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 418 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of soil borne diseases in plastic house autumn tomato. The effect of combined application of dazomet and bio-bacterial fertilizer on plastic house soil was studied by the method of field comparison. The results showed that single dazomet treatment restrained the growth of tomato. The swelling of the first spike fruit of tomato was inhibited, the fruit weight per fruit was decreased, the disease incidence of root knot nematode and stem rot of autumn tomato was not reduced, but weeds were obviously inhibited. The yield of the first ear of autumn tomato by a combination treatment dazomet+ bio-bacterial fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the control and dazomet treatment, and the incidence of stem base rot and root knot nematode was respectively reduced by 79.62% and 15%, and the effect of controlling root knot nematode was 30.3%. To sum up, the matching treatment of soil by dazomet+ bio-bacterial fertilizer is an effective method to control stem base rot and root knot nematode disease and increase yield of plastic house autumn tomato.

  Tree Forms and Lengths of Flower Thinning: Effect on Fruit Qualities of Summer Black Grape 郑秋玲 2019, 35 (2):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100014 Abstract + ( 773 )   PDF ( 1026KB )   ( 246 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different tree forms and lengths of flower thinning (3, 5, 7, 9 cm) on fruit qualities of summer black grape, the authors selected two tree forms and 5 kinds of flower thinning to do the experiment. The results showed that: the grape trellis of“T”could increase the weight of fruit cluster and the content of reducing sugar while decreasing the content of titratable acid, meanwhile, the trellis of ‘Cross Asuka Frame’increased the weight of cluster and the content of titratable acid; with the increasing of the length of inflorescence, the length and width of cluster and the weight of fruit showed an increasing trend while the vertical and horizontal diameters of fruit and the weight of single berry showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the control, different treatments had higher reducing sugar content and lower content of titratable acid. In a word, keeping the length of spikes from 5 cm to 7 cm is suitable for spike-shaped length of summer black grapes.

  Different Expression of MnMTP1 in Two Mulberry Varieties 2019, 35 (2):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010095 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 1842KB )   ( 266 ) Mulberry is a cash crop for alternative planting in contaminated area, and understanding the changes of gene expression of mulberry under heavy metal stress is helpful to explain the physiological phenomena at the molecular biology level. MnMTP1 is selected as the target gene, two mulberry varieties ‘( Xianmianzao’ and ‘Zhehulusang’) with different Cadmium (Cd) absorption abilities are used as experimental materials, RT-PCR technology is used to analyze the relative expression changes of MnMTP1 in the roots of the two varieties. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the MnMTP1 had typical structures of CDF family and its homology with other species was 63%-69%. The results of RT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of MnMTP1 gene in mulberry roots changed significantly before and after adding Cd. After water culture with Cd, the MnMTP1 gene was significantly up-regulated in‘Xianmianzao’ and down- regulated in‘Zhehulusang’, which was consistent with the Cd absorption content of the two varieties. The experiment shows that the relative expression level of MnMTP1 gene is related to the Cd absorption ability of mulberry under Cd stress.

  Preliminary Establishment of Rapid Propagation of Leucanthemella linearis by Tissue Culture 2019, 35 (2):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080030 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 254 ) Experiments were conducted for the standardization of micropropagation and regeneration of Leucanthemella linearis, a helophyte perennial plant. Nodal segment were used as explants and they were cultured on MS medium and 1/2MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA both in individual and in combined form for shoot inductions and the best result of primary cultural was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 6-BA and NAA at the concentrations of 0.5 mg?L-1 and 0.5 mg?L-1 respectively. The best result of subcultural was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 6-BA+NAA at the concentrations of 0.5 mg?L-1 and 0.2 mg?L-1 respectively, resulting about 9.2 multiple shoots from a single shoot tip explant. For root induction and elongation, 1/2MS medium plus NAA at the concentrations of 0.3 mg?L-1showed an adverse effect. Callus was induced from nodal segment on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg?L-16-BA and 0.5 mg?L-1 NAA, and plants regenerated best from these calluses on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg?L-1 6-BA and 0.2 mg?L-1 NAA, the ratio of regeneration was 70.00%.

  Fertilization on Schisandra sphenanthera in Shangluo 2019, 35 (2):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030116 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 1008KB )   ( 206 ) Based on the analysis and evaluation of the soil fertility in the planting base of Kadsura longipedunculata in Shangluo, the soil fertility was classified according to the classification index. According to the results of fertilizer effect test of Kadsura longipedunculata, the contents of N, P, and K in each subarea was modulated, and the formula of fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer for different fertility subdivisions were formulated. Meanwhile, simple fertilization instruction cards were created. The specialized low-release fertilizer formula we obtained can be used as a technical reference for developing special fertilizer for different soil fertility planting for Kadsura longipedunculata in Shangluo, which will provide theoretical foundation for fertilization of Kadsura longipedunculata in future production and practice.

  Innovation Application Research on Cultivation Medium and Organic Liquid Fertilizer of Dendrobium officinale 2019, 35 (2):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090108 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 975KB )   ( 287 ) The paper aims to achieve efficient facility cultivation of Dendrobium officinale. We designed eight treatments of cultivation in greenhouse with four kinds of cultivation mediums (including granite rubble, purple sandstone gravel, pine bark, pine dust) and three kinds of nutrients (including rinsing, inorganic compound liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer), to research the effect of different mediums and nutrients on D. officinaleg rowth. The results indicated that the best formula of cultivation medium was surface layer with 4 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark (1:1, v/v), middle layer with 4 cm purple sandstone gravel, and basement with 2 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark (1:1, v/v). This cultivation medium formula was ventilated and moisturized, which was good for D. officinale growth and high yield. Meanwhile, to spray suitable concentration of organic liquid fertilizer could significant increase the yield of D. officinale. These results can provide a theoretical basis for achieving high quality and quantity in facility cultivation of D. officinale.

  Suitable Sowing Date and Sowing Indexes of Spring Maize Based on Soil Temperature 2019, 35 (2):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010006 Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 1450KB )   ( 341 ) To determine the suitable sowing date of spring maize and arrange spring production reasonably, the agricultural meteorological observation data and the meteorological data of main maize producing areas in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2016 are used in this study. The mathematical statistics is applied to analyze the change laws of ground temperature and frost in the 56 years. The beginning dates when the 10 cm soil temperature is stably above 8℃, 9℃, 10℃, 11℃ and 12℃ are taken as spring maize sowing indexes. By calculating the probability threshold of frost after seedling under different critical temperature conditions, the suitable sowing index and sowing dates of maize are determined. The results showed that during the 56 years, the beginning date of 10 cm soil temperature stably above 8℃ was 2-20 days ahead, the ending date of frost was 3-20 days ahead in the most regions of Inner Mongolia. It was suitable to use the beginning date whose 10 cm soil temperature was stably above 8℃ as spring maize sowing indexes in Zhalantun City, Tuquan County, Songshan District and Jungar Banner. The beginning date above 9℃ was suitable for Horqin District, the beginning date above 11℃ was suitable for Tumed Left Banner and Linhe District, and the beginning date above 12℃ was suitable for Liangcheng County. The suitable sowing date was from April 6th to May 3rd for most areas in Inner Mongolia, it was held 8-22 days ahead of the actual sowing date. So the varieties with slightly longer growth stage could be chosen.

  Phenology of Woody Plants in Desert Oasis: Taking Woody Plants in Qiemo as an Example 2019, 35 (2):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080038 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 259 ) The paper aims to study the importance of plant community succession, ecosystem material cycle and climate change. We analyzed the phenological characteristics and its relationship with temperature of 5 woody plants including apricot tree, white poplar, white willow, mulberry tree and grape tree in Qiemo from 1981 to 2014 by using methods such as trend analysis, significance test and Mann-Kendall mutation test. The results showed that: (1) the phenological changes were characterized as: the leaf expansion and the beginning of flowering of apricot tree, white poplar, white willow, mulberry tree and grape tree were ahead of time, the leaf color change period was postponed, the end of flowering and the end of the leaves were different; the growing season of apricot, mulberry and grape tree were prolonged, that of white poplar and white willow were shortened slightly; (2) the phenological characteristics of apricot, mulberry and grape tree were significant, but that of white poplar and whitewillow were not significant; (3) the general trend of plant phenological changes was: the phenology in spring was in advance, the phenology in autumn was prolonged, the growing season was extended, and the plant phenological changes were consistent with the trend of temperature changes.

  Ground Environment Factor Model in Greenhouse: A Review 2019, 35 (2):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100094 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 1435KB )   ( 347 ) The objective is to improve the greenhouse environment model and achieve the optimal control of the production process. Based on the over ground environment in greenhouse, the environmental factors and the static and dynamic models are used as the standards of division, the research progress and existing problems in the single-factor environmental models, multi-factor integrated models, the static and dynamic models are analyzed and summarized. Furthermore, the simplified methods of greenhouse models are concluded. Lack of accurate models is the main issue regards to greenhouse environment control. Finally, on the basis of the balance of energy, quality and material and in consideration of crop quality, yield and economic cost, it is proposed that the establishment of the accurate greenhouse environment model with modern optimal control theory is the future research direction.

  Scavenging Effect of Rainfall on PM2.5 and O3 in Urban Area of Xianning: A Preliminary Analysis 2019, 35 (2):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020072 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 256 ) To study the influence of rainfall on mass concentration of PM2.5 and O3 in urban areas, we analyzed 211 rainfall data from January 2015 to December 2016 in Xianning by analyzing the relation between scavenging efficiency and rainfall time, total rainfall amount and the mass concentration of PM2.5 and O3 before rainfall. The results showed that the scavenging effect increased with the increase of rainfall intensity, time of duration and total amount, in case of lower mass concentration of PM2.5 and O3 before rainfall, the scavenging effect was not so obvious; in case of higher mass concentration of PM2.5 and O3 before rainfall, rainfall had obvious scavenging effect on them. In conclusion: when the rainfall amount is greater than 5.0 mm and the mass concentration of PM2.5 and O3 are greater than 65 μg/m3, the scavenging effect of rainfall is more obvious with the increase of rainfall amount.

  Global Dissemination and Evolution of H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus 2019, 35 (2):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100006 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 2429KB )   ( 227 ) S[Objective] Since 1996, H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) has been transmitted all over the world and continued to rapidly evolve. It became a disaster for the poultry industry and a threat for wild birds and mammals. To control and prevent the disease, it’s important to study understanding its outbreaks, spread and evolution. This study aimed to study the outbreaks, spread and evolution of H5 HPAIV, and figure out how the behavior of hosts and geographic environment influence the outbreaks and evolution of H5 HPAI. It will provide provide suggestions and theoretical support for the prevent and control of avian influenza.[Method] We applied phylogenetic analysis and geospatial techniques to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (from 2004 to 2015) transmission, outbreaks and evolution. [Result] There are twice geographical dispersion of H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, one is from 2005 to 2008 with one virus subtype (H5N1), and one is from 2014 to 2015 with many subtypes such as H5N2, H5N1, and H5N8. Besides, the genetic distance in different regions showed that in some regions, such as China, the local persistent viruses and different hosts might lead to the variation of genetic distance; and in some regions, such as South Asia and North America. [Conclusion] The geographic isolation and different hosts might contribute to the insignificant difference of viruses.

  Effects of Two Kinds of Lipids on Wound Healing of Mice Skin 2019, 35 (2):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100080 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 2149KB )   ( 192 ) The study aims at exploring the role of the tail lipids of Altay sheep in wound healing of skin, and comparing its healing effect with that of the cattle lipids and commercial products. Forty Kunming mice weighing 31 ± 1 g, half male and half female were selected. The wound models of mice skin were constructed, and then these mice were divided into four groups (sheep lipids group, cattle lipids group, commercial product group and blank control group). The wounds healed well after different treatments, the wound healing ability of female mice were better than that of the males, and the wound healing rates of female mice were: sheep lipids > cattle lipids > commercial product > blank control group, whereas those of the male mice were: sheep lipids > commercial product > cattle lipids > blank control group. The results of skin histopathology showed that compared with the blank control group, in the other three groups, the quantities and distribution of adipose cell, collagen fibrils and other cells in wound repair tissue were different. Both the sheep tail lipids and the cattle lipids have effects on repairing skin injury, and the sheep tail lipids have the better one. The sheep tail lipids can accelerate the skin repair by promoting collagen fibers producing.

  Bovine and Sheep Grease: Effects on Histomorphology and Blood Indexes in Mice Organs 2019, 35 (2):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120010 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 1720KB )   ( 433 ) The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of bovine and sheep grease on the blood physiological indexes and organ morphology of mice and explore the partial immune function of bovine and sheep grease, and then lay a foundation for the development and utilization of animal fat products. Thirty male Kunming mice with body weight of 28-30g were chosen, they were divided into control group, sheep grease group and bovine grease group, and they were given by gavage with saline, the tail oil of sheep and the lipid of bovine kidney, respectively. After 30 days, blood was taken from the eyes and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. Tissue samples of heart, liver, spleen, stomach and kidney were collected to be weighed and paraffin sections were made to observe the changes of tissue structure. The results showed that the liver coefficient of sheep grease group was significantly higher than that of the saline group (P <0.01), the coefficient of gastric organs was significantly higher than that of the saline group (P <0.05), the coefficient of heart, spleen and kidney had no difference with that of the saline group (P >0.05). The coefficients of heart and liver were significantly higher in bovine grease group than those in saline group (P <0.01), the coefficients of spleen, kidney and stomach had no difference with that of the saline group (P > 0.05). The two greases caused a significant increase of white blood cells, and decreased erythrocytes in mice. Sheep grease increased the number of platelets, while bovine grease increased the number of platelets obviously. In the paraffin section, the fat in the hearts of sheep grease group and bovine grease group increased, a few of cardiac muscle cells showed steatosis, the number of fat cells in the stomach and perirenal area increased, and there was no obvious change in the liver and spleen. The results indicate that bovine and sheep grease have a certain immune function.

  Florfenicol Resistance and Sequence Analysis of floR Gene in Different Bacteria 2019, 35 (2):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070023 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 253 ) To illuminate the florfenicol resistance of bacteria from swine and genetic characteristics of floR gene in Ningde area of Fujian province, some experiments were maked. In this study, 50 piglet feces samples were collected from 6 pig farms in Ningde area. 17 strains of florfencol resistant Escherichia coli, 2 Salmonella isolates, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from these feces. And the homology of floR gene from the bacteria isolated was analyzed. The results showed the resistance rates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter Baumannii to florfenicol in Ningde region were 34%, 4%, 10% and 16%, respectively. And all the isolated bacteria showed multiple resistance. Homology analysis revealed that floR was highly homologous among different bacteria. These results indicated that the florfenicol resistant gene floR exists widely among different bacteria and can be transmitted horizontally between different bacteria. The study laid a theoretical foundation for the wide spread of florfenicol resistant gene floR and provided a basis for clinical rational drug use.

  Cut Strip Casing Technology: Effect on the Utilization of Category Ⅲ Tobacco Leaves 2019, 35 (2):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100069 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 250 ) To alleviate usage demand of the high grade shortage tobacco leaves in cigarette enterprises, improve the blending proportion of the low grade non-shortage tobacco leaves, and optimize tobacco leaves inventory structure, we selected category Ⅲ cigarettes as experimental materials, changed primary cut processing from the traditional strip casing to cut strip casing, increased the proportion of low grade nonshortage tobacco leaves into the tobacco blending and the flavors of different proportions, determined and compared the quality of cigarette products processed by different treatments. The results showed that: the sensory quality and style of category Ⅲ cigarettes was strengthened and improved after primary cut processing changed from the traditional strip casing to cut strip casing, and remained stable when 5% low grade nonshortage tobacco leaves were blended into the formula, but with the high grade shortage tobacco leaves reduced, and the low grade non-shortage tobacco leaves increased, the cigarettes’sensory quality and style gradually weakened and deteriorated; by blending 15% low grade non- shortage tobacco leaves into the formula, and increasing 10% flavors, the sensory quality, physical quality and flue gas components of category Ⅲ cigarettes remained stable, but the usage proportion of high grade shortage tobacco leaves decreased by 13.1%. By applying cut strip casing technology, the cigarette industrial enterprise can reduce the blending proportion of high grade shortage tobacco leaves, improve the blending proportion of low grade non-shortage tobacco leaves, and increase the economic efficiency.

  Knowledge Mapping of International Urban Agriculture Research: Bibliometric Analysis Based on Citespace and VOSviewer 2019, 35 (2):  134-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090127 Abstract + ( 931 )   PDF ( 2952KB )   ( 422 ) The study aims to draw and analyze the visualization mapping of the international research status of urban agriculture, and identify the hotspots and frontiers and overall evolution path of urban agriculture during 2007 to 2016. It took 487 literatures related to the urban agriculture, which were included in the core collection of Web of Science during 2007 to 2016, fully integrated the advantage of Citespace and VOSviewer visualization software, and carried on the analysis of the co-citation network, the co-occurrence network and the burst- detection. As a new research field, the concern on urban agriculture increased year by year. 5 disciplines including Agriculture/ Multidisciplinary had strong influence. The most influential country was USA, followed by Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom. The most influential institution in the study was Kassel University in Germany. (Zezza A 2010) and other highly cited literatures were the knowledge base of urban agriculture. 15 topic clusters including“Urban and Pen-urban Agriculture”were the hot spots and the frontiers of urban agriculture. The research of urban agriculture mainly experienced 3 stages, and the international research of urban agriculture has entered a new stage taking into account of agriculture production, agriculture ecology and agriculture economy.

  Morphological characteristics and parameters measurement of Barbus capito 2019, 35 (2):  144-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090153 Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 2986KB )   ( 230 ) To study the biological characteristics of Barbus capito and provide basic information for the taxonomy and species identification of B. capito, the external morphological characteristics, meristic and metric characteristics and internal tissue and organ B. capito are detected and measured using the traditional morphology method and anatomy method. The fish was spindle-shaped, covered with cycloid scale, and its body showed silver- gray back and silver- white abdomen. The head was small and flat. The correlation equation of total length (LT) and body length (LB) was: LB=0.884LT-1.227 (R2=0.994). The correlation equation of body weight (WB) and body length (WB) was: WB=0.008LB3.158 (R2=0.974). The mouth split was median size and the dens pharyngeal were developed. The esophagus was stubby, this fish had no stomach and the intestine was anfractuous. The 5th gill arch was turned into the dens pharyngeal. There was 1 swim bladder which was bilocellate. Bisexualism with 1 gonad, and was left-right symmetric distribution. There was a pair of leafshaped otolith, it was middle-thick and circumference-thin, and was left and right alignment.

  Floating Bed Cultivation of Polygonum cuspidatum Degrades Ammonium Salt 2019, 35 (2):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080033 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 280 ) To study the degradation effect of floating bed cultivation of Polygonum cuspidatum on differentconcentration ammonium salt, the floating bed cultivation of Polygonum cuspidatum was constructed in big indoor bucket, the water quality indexes (TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N, NO2--N, TP) were tested by adding different concentrations ammonium salt. The results showed that the TN concentrations of four different concentrations of ammonium salt decreased from the 5th to the 13th day, and increased on the 17th d. The concentration of NH4+- N in the 10 mg/L ammonium salt group decreased from the 5th to the 13th day. The NO3--N concentration from the open water area group with 5 and 10 mg/L ammonium salt initially increased and then decreased, and those from the root zone reached the peak on the 5th and 9th day, respectively. The NO2--N concentration in the 10 mg/L ammonium salt group increased to the peak on the 5th day, while it dropped to 0 on the 13th day. The TP concentration in the control group was higher than those of the other groups. The concentration of TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N and NO2--N can be degraded by floating bed cultivation of P. cuspidatum from the 5th to the 13th day, while the concentration of TP dropping to 0 needs more time.

  Regional Differences of Input-Output Effect of Agricultural Comprehensive Development Based on DEA-Tobit Model 肖琴,胡玲梅,赵勇智 and 王牧野 2019, 35 (2):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120073 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 309 ) The input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in each province and autonomous region in China was different due to different natural resources endowments and socioeconomic conditions. It is of certain significance to calculate the input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects in different regions, analyze the reasons and promote the agricultural supporting funds to transfer to the higher efficient areas under the limited financial support for agriculture. Based on the above perspectives, this paper used DEA-Tobit model to empirically analyze the regional differences in input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects from 2006 to 2015 and studied the factors affecting the efficiency. The results showed that the comprehensive efficiency increased during the ten years, and the average value in 2015 was greater than 0.9. The project of agricultural development could meet the efficiency and fairness of benefiting and returning to the destination under certain conditions. The sample provinces and autonomous regions showed “central was the highest, western was lower, eastern was the lowest ”efficiency distribution pattern. In 2015, pure-technically effective areas accounted for 83.87% of the total sample provinces, except Beijing, Liaoning, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang, all the other sample regions reached the technical effective level. The effective scale areas accounted for 70.97% of the sample provinces, the areas with poor efficiency were mainly in economically developed provinces such as Beijing, Liaoning and Guangdong, as well as in western provinces and autonomous regions like Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang; the average level of per local government expenditure and the share of the total population were the two important factors that affect the input-output efficiency of agricultural development projects. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to optimize the layout of agricultural development projects and to reduce the difference in regional efficiency.