Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.6 Published:25 February 2022

  Plant Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia: Effects on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Growth LI Xuefeng, WANG Jian, YE Xiaoyuan, ZHANG Xiuting, WANG Lixue 2022, 38 (6):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0433 Abstract + ( 405 )   HTML ( 136 )   PDF ( 1440KB )   ( 131 ) The aim is to clarify the allelopathic potential of Momordica charantia plants on succeeding rice and provide guidance for the application of rice-vegetable rotation system. The experiment was conducted with plant residues of M. charantia as experimental materials, the allelopathic effects of its aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of three rice varieties (‘Texianzhan 25’, ‘BoⅡyou 818’ and ‘Ⅱyou 129’) were studied by petri dish and water culture methods. The results showed that the germination rates of the three rice varieties’ seeds were reduced when the concentration of aqueous extract only reached 0.20 g/mL, the seed vigor indexes of ‘BoⅡyou 818’ and ‘Ⅱyou 129’ were reduced, and the average germination time of ‘Texianzhan 25’ was prolonged by 1.13 days, but the germination inhibition rate was less than 20% and the seed vigor index inhibition rate was less than 30%. Although the root elongation of ‘Texianzhan 25’ seedlings was inhibited by dose-dependent effect, the aqueous extract was beneficial to the distribution of the total biomass of the three rice varieties’ seedlings to the aboveground parts. The aqueous extract with concentration≤0.15 g/mL had no effect or promoting effect on seedling height and total biomass, and the inhibition rate of total biomass was less than 28% when the concentration reached 0.20 g/mL. Therefore, the allelopathic inhibition effect of M. charantia on succeeding rice is weak.

  Evolution and Prospect of Wheat Breeding in Weibei Rainfed Highland Region of China LIANG Zengji, MU Fang, WANG Nan 2022, 38 (6):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0371 Abstract + ( 301 )   HTML ( 119 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 163 ) ing at the agricultural damages caused by severe natural disasters, and low and unstable yield in wheat production in the history of Weibei rainfed highland region, we started to breed new wheat varieties from 1964. The wheat varieties have unique advantages in resistance to yellow rust and yellow dwarf diseases, and tolerance to cold, drought and lodging. The varieties also have a high yield potential. The promotion of these varieties has brought variety upgrading in the region for four times, resulting in a dramatic increase of wheat yield from 750-900 kg/hm2 in 1960s to 6000-7500 kg/hm2 at present. In the study, we summarized wheat breeding experiences for Weibei rainfed highland region based on the breeding practices of the past years, and discussed the prospects for wheat breeding designed for this region.

  Analysis of Yield and Its Components of Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Jiangsu Province YAO Jinbao, YANG Xueming, ZHOU Miaoping, ZHANG Peng 2022, 38 (6):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0329 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 122 )   PDF ( 1143KB )   ( 162 ) The study aims to revealing the relative importance of the yield components affecting the wheat yield in Huainan and Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province. The yield and its components of 101 wheat varieties (lines) in the 2019-2020 preparatory test in the province were analyzed by correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the average yield of wheat varieties (lines) in Huainan and Huaibei area was 7739.1 kg/hm2 and 8560.3 kg/hm2, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the yield components had positive correlation with the yield in the Huainan area, and 1000-grain weight was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. In the Huaibei area, the spike number was significantly and positively correlated with the yield, while grain number per spike was significantly and negatively correlated with the yield, and there was a no-significant positive correlation between 1000-grain weight and the yield. The partial correlation analysis showed that the three yield components had a significantly positive correlation with wheat yield, while there was a significantly negative correlation among the three components. Path analysis showed that 1000-grain weight had the greatest direct contribution to the yield in the Huainan area, and the spike number had the greatest contribution to the yield in the Huaibei area. The high yield breeding strategy of wheat in the Huainan area should pay attention to the selection of heavy spike varieties, while the selection of multi-spike varieties should be strengthened in the Huaibei area.

  Dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer and Yield of Summer Soybean in Huang-huai-hai Region: The Response to Sowing Time TIAN Yixin, GAO Fengju, CAO Pengpeng, GAO Qi 2022, 38 (6):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0405 Abstract + ( 392 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 164 ) The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of sowing time on dry matter accumulation, assimilates transfer before and after anthesis and yield of soybean, and to promote the extension of new soybean varieties with high and stable yield. ‘Hedou 37’ was used as experimental material, and three sowing dates were set on June 5th (D1), June 15th (D2) and June 25th (D3). Logistic curve equation was used to analyze the data. Under D2 sowing date, the initial time of dry matter rapid accumulation in vegetative organs, reproductive organs and shoot of each plant was the earliest, which was the 35th, 55th and 44th day, respectively. The duration was the longest, which was 28, 28 and 29 days, respectively. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate was 0.78, 0.67 and 1.33 g/(plant·d), respectively, and appeared at the 47th, 68th and 58th day, respectively. The transfer amount of assimilates before anthesis (4.14 g/plant) and after anthesis (12.90 g/plant), the transfer rate of assimilates after anthesis (65.45%) and the contribution rate to grain (75.68%) were the highest, and the yield of soybean was the highest (3322.85 kg/hm 2). The suitable sowing time is beneficial to the full use of light and heat resources, can promote dry matter rapid accumulation and transfer, and ultimately increase soybean grain yield.

  Peanut in the Southeastern Margin of Tarim Basin of Xinjiang: Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits DONG Hongye, XU Ting, LIU Wenhao, LI Qiang, LIU Yantao 2022, 38 (6):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0396 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 113 ) The aim of the study is to select the key factors affecting the contribution rate of peanut yield in cultivar introduction to the southeastern margin of Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, and to provide evidence for peanut introduction and breeding in this area. 20 main domestic peanut cultivars introduced to the southeastern margin of Tarim Basin of Xinjiang were taken as the test materials, and the yield and agronomic traits were analyzed by grey correlation analysis and cluster analysis using DPS software. Grey correlation between 9 agronomic traits and the yield was in an order of lateral branch length > 100-pod weight > 100-grain weight > plump pod percentage > plant height > shelling percentage > branch number per plant > effective branch number > pod number per plant, in which, the first five indexes had a high correlation with the yield, indicating that these indexes should be emphasized in the variety selection. The 20 introduced peanut cultivars were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, among them, group Ⅲ had excellent agronomic traits, such as plant height, lateral branch length, 100-pod weight and 100-grain weight and so on, which were suitable for planting in the southeastern margin of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The study also proved the positive correlation between grain size and peanut yield.

  Effects of Topdressing Types on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Purple Sweet Potato Inside and Outside the Greenhouse HU Yixuan, TIAN Shengni, FANG Chao, HU Weiming, XI Xiaoyu, LV Mengran 2022, 38 (6):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0296 Abstract + ( 273 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 82 ) This study explored the effects of different planting and topdressing methods on the growth of purple sweet potato, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for topdressing and planting of purple sweet potato. ‘Jihei No.2’ purple sweet potato was used as the experimental material to study the effects of ten treatments, including topdressing of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, algal fertilizer and their combinations, on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of purple sweet potato under greenhouse and open field cultivation. The results showed that under the greenhouse cultivation, the net photosynthetic rate of purple sweet potato was the highest under the topdressing treatment of inorganic fertilizer 33 kg/hm 2 + organic fertilizer 20 kg/hm2 + algae fertilizer 60 mL/hm2, increased by 14.98% compared with that of the control group; the fresh potato yield of each topdressing treatment group was lower than that of the control group. Under the open field cultivation, the net photosynthetic rate of purple sweet potato was the highest when the topdressing algae fertilizer was 90 mL/hm2, which was increased by 7.51% compared with that of the control; the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest under the topdressing treatment of inorganic fertilizer 33 kg/hm2 + organic fertilizer 20 kg/hm2 + algae fertilizer 60 mL/hm2, increased by 31.74% and 55.62% respectively compared with those of the control; by topdressing algae fertilizer of 60 mL/hm2, the fresh potato yield was the highest. In summary, topdressing inorganic fertilizer 33 kg/hm2 + organic fertilizer 20 kg/hm2 + algae fertilizer 60 mL/hm2 is more beneficial to photosynthesis of purple sweet potato inside and outside the greenhouse than other topdressing types, and the yield of purple sweet potato planted in greenhouse is generally lower than that in the open field.

  The Application Effect of Degradable Film in Potato Production CHEN Ruiying, ZHAO Peirong, LIU Hongjin, ZHANG Lei, GUO Xiaoyu 2022, 38 (6):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0352 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 236 ) To clarify the application effect of degradable film in potato production, in this study, 7 kinds of degradable film were selected to carry out field and landfill experiments to analyze the effects of different film mulching treatments on potato yield and film degradation performance. The results showed that the potato yield of film mulching treatment was 4.35%-14.62% higher than that of bare ground treatment, and the potato yield of 4 degradable film treatments was 1.48%-7.01% higher than that of common film mulching, but the effect was not significant (P>0.05). In the whole growing period, the soil temperature increased first and then decreased. In May and June, the soil temperature of film mulching treatment was 0.42-1.29℃ and 0.39-1.09℃ higher than that of bare ground treatment respectively, and in July, the soil temperature of common film mulching was 0.52-1.36℃ higher than that of other treatments. All degradable films entered the induction period 12 to 22 days after mulching, and all of them were in the big split period at harvest time. After one year of landfill, the 4 kinds of whole biodegradable film were degraded at different degrees, and the 3 kinds of oxidized biodegradable film were not degraded. The results showed that the effect of degradable film on potato yield and soil temperature was basically the same as that of common film. Although the degradation rate of degradable film was slow and the degradation degree was low of the very year, it could be popularized and used in the long run. T1 degradation film is recommended to be popularized locally.

  Physiological Effects of Inoculated Endophytes on Sugarcane Under Drought Stress GU Shujie, QIAN Zhenfeng, LOU Yongming, SHEN Qingqing, PU Fengya, ZENG Dan, MA Hao, HE Lilian, LI Fusheng 2022, 38 (6):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0416 Abstract + ( 302 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 235 ) The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of sugarcane endophytes on its drought resistance, and to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of sugarcane endophytes with drought-resistant functional strains. Six sugarcane endophytes isolated and identified by the research group were used as test strains. Drought stress was simulated for seedlings of sugarcane variety ‘ROC22’ 7 days after the inoculation, and then fully expanded first leaf was taken to determine the relevant physiological indicators. The results show that E3, O9 and YC89 all have high ACC deaminase activity, and the effects of different sugarcane endophytic strains on sugarcane drought resistance are significantly different. E3, O9 and YC89 have significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of sugarcane, mainly in terms of reducing cell membrane damage, increasing the content of osmotic adjustment substances, reducing the degree of membrane peroxidation, and increasing the activity of SOD and POD. This experiment found that the sugarcane endophytes producing ACC deaminase can effectively improve the drought resistance of sugarcane.

  Effects of Different Treatments on the Growth of ‘Miguang’ Grape HAO Jianyu, WANG Weijun, CHEN Wenchao, LIU Jingkun, WANG Yan, KOU Hongli, WANG Zunwen 2022, 38 (6):  48-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0373 Abstract + ( 392 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1626KB )   ( 194 ) To improve the growth rate of grape, experimental studies on one-year-old seedlings of ‘Miguang’ grape were carried out. We took five different treatments to observe the influence on the growth rate of the seedlings and the downy mildew infection of ‘Miguang’ grape. The five treatments were as follows: CK, sprayed with water; treatment A, sprayed with No.3 Lyudikang of different concentrations for different times; treatment B, sprayed with VDAL of different concentrations for different times; treatment C, sprayed with ATailing of different concentrations for different times; treatment D, sprayed with Pythium oligandrum dolliverson of different concentrations for different times. The results showed that the growth rate of ‘Miguang’ grape was significantly improved by different spraying treatments with different effects. The best effect was obtained by spraying twice with 0.1% concentration of ATailing. The effects of spraying twice separately with 0.2% concentration of No. 3 Lyudikang, 0.1% concentration of VDAL and with 0.1% concentration of Pythium oligandum dolliverson had almost the same effect. The results also proved that all treatments could significantly reduce the downy mildew infection rate and significantly increase the height of the plant and the length and diameter of the branch of ‘Miguang’ grape under spraying twice with 0.2% concentration of No. 3 Lyudikang and 0.1% concentration of VDAL and 0.1% concentration of ATailing and 0.1% concentration of Pythium oligandum dolliverson separately. In conclusion, the application of No. 3 Lyudikang, VDAL, ATailing and Pythium oligandrum dolliverson alone have significant effects on grape growth and downy mildew control in ‘Miguang’ grape cultivation, the study could provide a feasible plan for the development of grape industry in Zhangjiakou.

  Study on Tissue Culture Technique of Saintpantia ionantha LI Lu, BAO Xinyi, CHEN Zhiyong 2022, 38 (6):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0497 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 51 ) The optimal combination in tissue culture of Saintpantia ionantha was discussed in this study. Stem and axillaries of S. ionantha were used as explant for tissue culture, the basic culture medium included CC, N6, MS and B5, and major elements, organics and trace elements were selected as three different impact factors, the different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA were used to induce lateral bud, then different concentrations of combinations of NAA、IAA and IBA were used to induce root. The results show that: the optimal culture medium combination for S. ionantha is MS major elements + CC trace elements + B5 organics; the optimal combination and the concentrations for proliferating lateral bud is MS major elements + CC trace elements + B5 organics+0.5-1.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0-0.1 mg/L NAA; and the optimal culture medium combination and the concentrations for inducing root is 1/2MS+0.1mg/L NAA or 1/2MS+0.1 mg/L IAA.

  Study on the Best Composting Parameters and Fertilization Effect of Branch Organic Fertilizer LI Xiang, WANG Yongping, WANG Yaofeng, CHU Chunnian, SUN Xijun, KE Xiheng, ZENG Qiao 2022, 38 (6):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0321 Abstract + ( 322 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 62 ) To standardize branch composting and fertilization operations, and improve the efficiency of organic fertilizer, the branch decay rate, lignin degradation rate and seed germination index were used as evaluation indicators, the orthogonal experiment method was used to study the effect of the grinding degree, nitrogen source, microbial agent and moisture content on compost. The composting parameters of the branches were optimized, the changes of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn during the composting process were revealed, and the application effects of branch organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer were compared. The results showed that: (1) the factors that affecting branch composting were: moisture content>nitrogen source>branch grinding degree>microbial inoculants; (2) during the composting process, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn all increased, among them, the K content increased the least (29.94%), and the Mn content increased the most (63.67%); (3) the application of branch organic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter and improve the quality of apples more than commercial organic fertilizer. When the branches were composted, the moisture content should be 60%, pig manure should be used as the nitrogen source, and the branch grinding size should be 0.5-2.5 cm. Microbial inoculants had little effect on composting. The composting process was a process of enrichment of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn, and branch organic fertilizer could improve the quality of apples.

  Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil: Research Progress BAO Guangling, TAO Ronghao, YANG Qingbo, HU Hanxiu, LI Ding, MA Youhua 2022, 38 (6):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0374 Abstract + ( 902 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 205 ) Since the 1990s, soil heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious, microbial remediation as a new soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology has become a research hotspot in soil remediation. This article mainly described current development trend of soil heavy metal pollution and the technical problems existing in the remediation process, and focused on the mechanism of microbial remediation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, as well as the application and implementation effects of microbes combined with passivators and plants in the remediation of heavy metal polluted farmland soil. At the same time, this article put forward relevant suggestions on formulating industrial standards and improving the microbial remediation technologies.

  Accumulation of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Soil: Sources and Treatment Methods SUN Yangcun, YIN Ziliang, GE Jingping 2022, 38 (6):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0303 Abstract + ( 323 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 66 ) With the increase of the industrialization level, some heavy metal pollutants enter soil through different kinds of forms and channels with the expanding scope and scale of human social activities. Because heavy metal pollutants have features like being difficult to remove and to degrade and very harmful, they could cause serious pollution to soil. Human health problems brought by heavy metal pollution in soil have become more and more prominent, therefore, research on soil heavy metal treatment is extremely urgent. Clarifying the types, sources and excessive hazards of heavy metal pollutants in soil, as well as pollution control methods and mechanisms and their advantages and disadvantages, could play a promoting role in carrying out soil heavy metal control and management. Through literature research, the authors elaborated the problems in the heavy metal pollution control and discussed its development prospect, aiming to provide reference for related scientific research.

  Climatic Suitability of Cauliflowers and Disaster Prevention in Duolun County MA Ruili, ZHAO Xiaoying 2022, 38 (6):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0803 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 88 ) To study the climatic suitability of cauliflowers and disaster prevention in Duolun County, taking three cauliflower greenhouses as the research objects (No. 15 village of Dabeigou town, Niuyan village of Xigangou town and Paotai village of Caimushan town), we observed the daily and hourly average temperature in the greenhouses from April 28th to May 31st in 2020. Combined with the meteorological data of three nearby regional stations, and the temperature, humidity and sunshine data of the national benchmark climate station of Duolun County, we adopted linear trend fitting, correlation test and other mathematical statistics methods to analyze the correlation of temperature inside and outside the greenhouse during cauliflower seedling raising period, and the daily variation law and quantitative relationship of temperature inside and outside the greenhouse under different weather types. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation of the daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature between the inside and the outside of greenhouse during cauliflower seedling raising period, and the correlation coefficient was 0.8576, 0.6061 and 0.9154, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between sunshine hours and daily average temperature inside the greenhouse, and the correlation coefficient was 0.5167. The relationship between the average temperature inside the greenhouse and weather condition under different weather types was: sunny day> cloudy day> rainy day, indicating that the sunny day had the greatest impact on the average temperature inside the greenhouse. The suitable meteorological indexes in different growth periods of cauliflower were established, and the main meteorological disasters, diseases and pests in the growth period of cauliflower were analyzed. The study could provide comprehensive and systematic meteorological support for cauliflower planting, enable farmers to effectively prevent meteorological disasters, and lay a foundation for agricultural multi-variety meteorological service in the future.

  Transcription Factor MYCs Regulating Terpenoids in Tomato Trichomes: Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism YU Lan, WANG Haoran, ZHANG Ying, XING Hongyun, DING Qi, ZHAO Baozhen, CUI Na 2022, 38 (6):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0346 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 110 ) Tomato is an important vegetable widely grown worldwide, and it is susceptible to pests and diseases, resulting in the reduction of yield. Trichome is a crucial barrier covering the epidermis of tomato, which can enhance the adaptability of tomato to biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to further study the functional mechanism of trichomes in tomato stress resistance, the types of tomato trichome inclusions and molecular regulation mechanism were summarized in this review, and the molecular mechanism of the terpenoids’ synthesis regulation in tomato trichomes by the core transcription factor MYC1 and MYC2 in JA signaling pathway was concluded. The problems existing in the current trichome research were analyzed, and the future research direction of trichome was discussed.

  Strawberry Mottle Virus Isolated in Fujian: Complete Genome Sequence and Molecular Variation CHEN Dao, WANG Xin, JIANG Shan, ZHANG Jie, WU Zujian, DING Xinlun 2022, 38 (6):  94-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0359 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1842KB )   ( 41 ) To analyze the molecular variation and genetic diversity of strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), high-throughput sequencing (HTS), RT-PCR combined with 3ʹ and 5ʹ RACE were used to obtain the complete genome sequence of SMoV Fujian isolate. The results showed that RNA1 and RNA2 of SMoV consisted of 7034 nt and 6354 nt, and both contained one large ORF, encoding polyprotein P1 and P2, respectively. The homology of SMoV Fujian isolate and other fifteen SMoV isolates was analyzed. The nucleotide and amino acid homology of RNA1 was 79.2%-96.8% and 89.0%-99.5%, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid homology of RNA2 was 77.9%-97.8% and 89.9%-98.9%, respectively. Among the encoding proteins of SMoV Fujian isolate, only the viral genome-linked protein was the most conserved, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of other proteins were variable compared to other 15 SMoV isolates. The Fujian isolate and some other Chinese isolates are in a big branch, and most closely related to Chinese isolate DGHY3. The genomic structure of Fujian isolate is consistent with other SMoV isolates. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of Fujian isolate have obvious molecular variation. Fujian isolate and the other Chinese isolates have abundant diversity, and there is geographical relativity in evolution.

  Physiology and Molecular Mechanism of Stress Resistance in Hemp: A Review ZHAO Yue, ZHANG Xiaoyan, CAO Kun, HAN Chengwei, JIANG Ying, BIAN Jing, WANG Xiaonan, SUN Yufeng 2022, 38 (6):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0333 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 270 ) Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a high value-added commercial crop with strong stress resistance, it is often planted in the land with relatively severe soil environmental conditions, such as saline-alkali land, hillside and so on. Hemp may be under the stress of salt/alkali, drought, waterlogging, low and high temperature, nutrient deficiency and heavy metal pollution during growth. In order to ensure the yield and quality, on the one hand, coping strategies should be adopted to reduce the loss according to the phenotype changes in the planting process; on the other hand, high stress resistance resources should be screened out from existing resources and the related stress resistance mechanism should be detected. Therefore, this paper summarized the changes of growth and physiological indexes and the corresponding molecular response mechanism of hemp under salt/alkali stress, water/temperature stress, nutritional stress and heavy metal stress. Further research on stress resistance evaluation system, stress relief and gene validation were proposed to provide reference for hemp cultivation and new variety breeding.

  Effects of High Temperature Stress on Gene Expression of Chemosensory Protein in Midgut and Fat Body of Bombyx mori XIAO Yang, LI Qingrong, XING Dongxu, YANG Qiong 2022, 38 (6):  107-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0673 Abstract + ( 305 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 55 ) To lay a foundation for clarifying the mechanism of high temperature tolerance of silkworm and breeding high temperature-resistant silkworm varieties, the effect of high temperature stress on the expression of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in Bombyx mori was studied. In this research, cluster analysis of gene sequences of BmCSPs was carried out, and the expression of BmCSPs in midgut and fat body subjected to high temperature stress for different time was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the 16 BmCSPs genes were mainly clustered into two groups according to sequence similarity. Among them, the expression level of BmCSP15 was up-regulated in midgut and fat body at most time points under high temperature stress, while that of BmCSP7, BmCSP9 and BmCSP14 were down-regulated in these tissues. It was speculated that BmCSP15 was closely related to the tolerance to high temperature in silkworm, and BmCSP7, BmCSP9 and BmCSP14 might be correlated with the sensitivity to high temperature. The gene expression results were roughly consistent with the clustering results of gene sequences. From the results, it can be seen that the transcription levels of BmCSPs changed before and after high temperature stress, indicating that BmCSPs are involved in the response of silkworm to high temperature stress. The differentially expressed genes screened in the study can be used as candidate genes for high temperature response of silkworm.

  Synergistic Effect of Fludioxonil and Tebuconazole Against Fusarium graminearum JIANG Jia, CHEN Jinpeng, WEI Jiangqiao, GUO Xuhao, CHE Zhiping, TIAN Yue’e, CHEN Genqiang, LIU Shengming 2022, 38 (6):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0340 Abstract + ( 664 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1216KB )   ( 258 ) The purpose of this study is to determine the highest synergy ratio (SR) of the mixture of fungicide fludioxonil and tebuconazole that inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum. The effective concentration of 50% (EC50) of fludioxonil, tebuconazole and their mixtures against F. graminearum isolates were determined by mycelium growth rate method. The SR of the mixture of the fungicide fludioxonil and tebuconazole was determined by Wadley’s SR method. The synergistic ratio of the mixture of the fungicide fludioxonil and tebuconazole was evaluated. The results showed that the EC50 value of fludioxonil and tebuconazole against F. graminearum was 0.0205 μg/mL and 0.1704 μg/mL, respectively. When the mass ratio of the mixture of fludioxonil and tebuconazole was 40:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5 and 1:40, the SR range was from 0.54 to 1.28, which showed additive inhibition. When the mass ratio of the mixture of fludioxonil and tebuconazole was 1:10 and 1:20, the SR was 1.56 and 1.62, respectively, which showed synergistic inhibition. When the mass ratio of the mixture of fludioxonil and tebuconazole was 1:20, the SR value was the highest, which was the best synergistic ratio. These results could provide a theoretical basis for the control of wheat scab and delaying the development of tebuconazole resistance.

  Amomum tsao-ko in Yunnan Province: Identification of Major Pathogenic Fungi and Screening of Control Fungicides WU Jiajia, ZHU Jiahong, CAO Aocheng, YAN Dongdong, WANG Qiuxia, ZHANG Chunhua, LI Yuan 2022, 38 (6):  121-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0369 Abstract + ( 261 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2002KB )   ( 59 ) In order to identify the fungal pathogens causing the main diseases of Amomum tsao-ko in Yunnan, screen the fungicides which can effectively inhibit the pathogens, and provide a basis for chemical control of Amomum tsao-ko diseases, tissue separation and purification culture were conducted, and the classification status of pathogens were identified and analyzed with morphology identification and ITS, TEF, ACT and GAPDH sequence analysis. The control effects of 7 fungicides on Amomum tsao-ko diseases were studied by using mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the isolated strains were Fusarium graminearum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Screening results of control agents showed that the inhibition rate of the F. graminearum reached 93% by Jingcai. Within the recommended range in field, the inhibition rate of the C. gloeosporioides reached 100% by Mancozeb. Lankai, Jingcai and Shihuile all achieved more than 90% control effect at low concentration. Jingcai, Shihuile, Mancozeb and Lankai are recommended as the optimal fungicides for Amomum tsao-ko fungal diseases in Yunnan Province.

  Wheat Quality and Yield Traits: Effects on Scores of Steamed Bread and Noodles NIU Liya, WANG Weiwei, ZHANG Yujie, ZOU Jingwei, WANG Zhi, LU Li, WANG Fengzhi, WANG Wei, YU Liang 2022, 38 (6):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0394 Abstract + ( 316 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 70 ) The objective is to provide reference for quality breeding of wheat. Ten wheat varieties planted in Huanghua were taken as the test materials. The field records, indoor test and quality analysis were used to study the effect of the main wheat quality and yield traits on the scores of steamed bread and noodles. Noodles and steamed bread were affected by the floury characteristics of wheat flour and dough characteristics, and showed different correlations. Noodles score was significantly correlated with elongation (r=0.63*), positively correlated with the maximum elongation resistance and tensile area (r=0.46, r=0.54), and positively correlated with stable time and formation time. Regression analysis of variation coefficient showed that the formation time played an important role in the scores of steamed bread and noodles. Partial correlation and path analysis showed that yield had the greatest impact on the scores of noodles and steamed bread, and the formation time played an important role in the scores of both steamed bread and noodles. The study indicates that the quality of steamed bread and noodles have overlapped requirements for wheat grains and flour. Therefore, it is feasible to breed superior wheat varieties for both steamed bread and noodles.

  The Effects of Drying Methods on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Guava SHAO Xuehua, LAI Duo, XIAO Weiqiang, HE Han, LIU Chuanhe, KUANG Shizi 2022, 38 (6):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0500 Abstract + ( 468 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 46 ) To compare the effects of hot-air drying and vacuum-freeze drying on fruit quality and antioxidant activity of different guava varieties, this study took fresh fruits as the control treatment, prepared the guava fruits by hot-air drying and vacuum-freeze drying, and explored the effects of different drying methods on the content of soluble solids, total acids, total sugar, ascorbic acid, tannin, total phenols, total flavonoids and the antioxidant activities of six guava varieties. The results showed that, compared with the fresh samples, the soluble solids, total sugar, total acid, tannin, ascorbic acid and total flavonoid content and the total antioxidant capacity of the six guava varieties after drying treatment all decreased significantly, while the total phenol content showed an upward trend. Hot-air drying was conducive to retaining the total flavonoid and tannin content of the guava fruits, while vacuum-freeze drying could retain the soluble solids, total sugar, total acid, total phenol and ascorbic acid content of the fruits, as well as the antioxidant activities. Among the six guava varieties, after hot-air drying and vacuum-freeze drying, the soluble solids, total sugar and total acid content of ‘Jindouxiang’ guava did not decrease significantly compared with those of fresh fruit. In addition, its total phenol and total flavonoid content and the total antioxidant capacity were higher than those of other guava varieties. After drying, the total phenol content of ‘Jindouxiang’ increased by about 2.5 times, while the flavonoid content could retain more than 50% of that of the fresh fruit, and the total antioxidant capacity retention rate could reach 60.98%. In conclusion, drying process could obtain more phenolic substances from guava fruits, vacuum-freeze drying is more conducive to the retention of phenolic substances and ascorbic acid, while hot-air drying is conducive to the retention of total flavonoids. Considering the retention of active ingredients and variety characteristics, vacuum-freeze drying could be used as a better processing method for large-scale production of dried guava products, and the guava variety ‘Jindouxiang’ could be the first choice.

  Farmers’ Satisfaction with Professional Cooperatives and Its Influencing Factors: A Survey of Huairou District in Beijing YU Jiayue, CHEN Rao, JIA Tianyu 2022, 38 (6):  141-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0387 Abstract + ( 281 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 32 ) To understand the satisfaction degree of farmers’ with professional cooperatives in Huairou District of Beijing and the influencing factors on the satisfaction, taking ACSI model, a satisfaction model of the cooperative members was constructed. From four aspects of cooperative image, cooperative management mechanism, cooperative service and members’ benefits, the study explores the members’ satisfaction with the cooperative. The results show that the above four indicators are positively related to the members’ satisfaction with the cooperatives. The study also puts forward corresponding suggestions from various perspectives such as the injection of social capital and the guidance by government policies, in order to effectively improve members’ satisfaction with the cooperative, which will not only enable the cooperative to operate in a healthy and sustainable way, but also achieve the ultimate goal of increasing farmers’ income.

  Variation Characteristics and Future Choice of Farmers’ Income in Guangdong Province Since the Reform and Opening Up LIANG Junfen, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Huiling, ZHOU Canfang, WAN Zhong 2022, 38 (6):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0455 Abstract + ( 312 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 512 ) The key to agricultural and rural work is to increase farmers’ income. This paper systematically reviewed the change and source components of Guangdong farmers’ income in the past 40 years of the reform and opening up, analyzed the main problems and challenges faced by Guangdong farmers’ income increase at present and in the future, and judged future growth points and policy choices of Guangdong farmers’ income increase. Since the reform and opening up, the growth rate of farmers’ income in Guangdong has experienced five stages: rapid growth-apparent decline-recovery-downturn-sustained rapid growth. The source of farmers’ income has changed fundamentally, the wage income contribution has become the main body, the business income contribution has decreased, the transfer income has become a new bright spot, and the property income contribution is relatively low. The absolute income gap between urban and rural residents shows that the ‘scissors gap’ continues to expand. At present, there are some problems and contradictions in the income growth of Guangdong farmers, such as less property income and insufficient fairness of distribution. In the new era, it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the new normal of the economy and strive to build a long-term mechanism for the sustained and stable increase of farmers’ income, including raising farmers’ human capital, promoting the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, enhancing the rural property rights system, and improving the level of rural social security.

  The Development Path of Rural Tourism in Resource-based Villages Under Rural Industrial Revitalization: A Case Study of Qiyang Village SONG Zengwen, CHEN Jinyan, HE Jian, LUO Xi 2022, 38 (6):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0361 Abstract + ( 284 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 67 ) Rural tourism is an important way to revitalize rural industries, which is more prominent in resource-based villages. Taking Qiyang village as an example, this paper studied the development strategies of rural tourism from the perspective of rural industrial revitalization. Based on current situation of the village, the study analyzed the existing problems and gaps in its industrial development. By exploring the resources and market conditions of rural tourism development of the village, the study put forward some suggestions for the development of rural tourism, including upgrading rural tourism products, enriching rural tourism attractions, optimizing the space layout of rural tourism, and improving rural tourism facilities and services, aiming to promote rural tourism and rural industrial revitalization.