Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.7 Published:05 March 2022

  Research Progress of Selenium-enriched Millet LI Xingxing, HAN Fang, ZHOU Xue, SU Leping, YUAN Hong’an 2022, 38 (7):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0983 Abstract + ( 333 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 55 ) The paper aims to explore the absorption characteristics of selenium element in millet and improve the selenium level of millet. The paper summarized the research status on selenium-enriched grain of millet at home and abroad from the selenium content, existing form, absorption and transport mechanism, and the relationship between selenium and millet growth and development. The transport mechanism of selenium in different valence states in millet, and the effects of selenium fertilizer types and fertilization methods on the growth and quality of millet were analyzed. The analysis showed that the absorption mechanism of millet on selenate was mainly the active absorption by sharing sulfate transporters, while the absorption of selenite was the passive absorption and regulated by soil pH. Spraying inorganic selenium on leaves was the most direct method to increase selenium content in millet, which accelerated selenium absorption and transportation efficiency to grains. The study pointed out the shortcomings in the current development of selenium-enriched millet, and came up with suggestions as strengthening the selection and breeding of selenium-enriched varieties and formulating cultivation techniques and standards for selenium-enriched millet.

  Correlation Analysis of Main Traits and Yield of Brassica napus ‘Chuanyou’ Varieties with Different Maturity Stages ZHENG Benchuan, ZHANG Jinfang, JIANG Jun, CUI Cheng, CHAI Liang, HUANG Youtao, ZHOU Zhengjian, LI Haojie, JIANG Liangcai 2022, 38 (7):  7-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0430 Abstract + ( 338 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1588KB )   ( 107 ) The paper aims to analyze the main factors affecting the yield of Brassica napus with different maturity stages under climatic conditions in Chengdu, and provide a theoretical basis for resistance breeding of B. napus. Correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the agronomic traits, the stem breaking resistance, the incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the yield of B. napus. The yield of early-maturing rape varieties was significantly and positively correlated with the number of effective siliquae per plant, the number of seeds per siliquae, and the breaking resistance of the middle and upper part of the stem. The yield of mid-maturing rape varieties was significantly and positively correlated with the plant height, the first branch height, the number of effective siliquae per plant, the breaking resistance of the lower part of the stem, and the breaking resistance of the lower and middle part of the stem. The greatest direct path coefficient of yield was the number of effective siliquae per plant in both early-maturing rape varieties and mid-maturing rape varieties. The greatest indirect comprehensive effect on yield were the number of seeds per siliquae in early-maturing rape varieties and the breaking resistance of the lower part of the stem in mid-maturing rape varieties, respectively. The principal component analysis showed that the 15 agronomic traits were divided into four major categories in early-maturing rape varieties and three major categories in mid-maturing rape varieties. For early-maturing rape varieties, they were lodging resistance traits, plant type traits, yield components traits and disease resistance traits. For mid-maturing rape varieties, they were yield components traits, plant type traits and lodging resistance traits. Under the natural climatic conditions of Sichuan Province, in the breeding of early-maturing and mid-maturing rape varieties, the selection of plant type, lodging resistance traits and disease resistance should be strengthened while ensuring the yield components traits.

  Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sugar Beet Seedlings Under Different Soil Salinity and Alkalinity DENG Yushuai, WANG Yuguang, YU Lihua, GENG Gui 2022, 38 (7):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1020 Abstract + ( 214 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1359KB )   ( 53 ) The study aims to explore the effects of different soil salinity and alkalinity on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet seedlings under waterlogging stress, and to verify the growth law of sugar beet under waterlogging stress and provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the impact of waterlogging stress on sugar beet planting in saline-alkali land. We used ‘SV1433’ as the research material, and NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and NaOH to adjust soil salinity and alkalinity for three soil saline-alkali gradients, which were slightly acidic soil, saline soil and salinity-alkalinity soil. Indoor soil culture was carried out with six treatments, including the three soil saline-alkali gradients under both CK (without waterlogging stress) and waterlogging stress. The results showed that the seedling emergence of sugar beet in slightly acidic soil was faster than that in saline soil and saline-alkali soil after 9 days of sowing. After 26 days of sowing, at three soil saline-alkali gradients of slightly acidic soil, saline soil and saline-alkali soil under waterlogging stress, compared with CK, the fresh weight decreased by 40.7%, 26.9% and 25.2%, respectively, the dry weight decreased by 41.1%, 29.9% and 24.8%, respectively, and the plant height decreased by 20.4%, 19.1% and 16.3%, respectively. It was shown that the effects of waterlogging stress on fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of sugar beet seedlings decreased gradually with the increase of soil salinity and alkalinity. Under waterlogging stress, the area of seedling root and leaf and the leaf length decreased significantly, so did the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves, indicating that the growth of sugar beet seedlings in saline-alkali soil was better than that in saline and slightly acidic soil under waterlogging stress.

  The Response Mechanism of Camellia oleifera to Stress Factors: Research Progress LIU Peng, WU Qiaohua, SHU Huili, ZHOU Liyin, WANG Xiaodong 2022, 38 (7):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0157 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1052KB )   ( 55 ) Camellia oleifera is a specific woody oil plant in China and one of the world’s four largest woody oil plants, and it is widely distributed in hilly areas in southern China. Scholars have carried out a lot of researches on the effects of stress factors on C. oleifera. In this study, the research status of stress factors of C. oleifera in recent years was summarized. It is found that stress factors have certain effects on the morphological structure, and physiological and biochemical characteristics of C. oleifera, but C. oleifera could also produce a coordinated response to stress factors to alleviate the adverse effects, and there are some differences of resistance among different varieties. On the basis of this study, it is suggested that the research on C. oleifera stress factors should be conducted from the following aspects: the differences at development stages of C. oleifera, the resistance differences among the varieties from different regions, multi-factor synergetic coupling mechanism and simulation of the variation trend of different factors, and the regulatory gene mechanism of C. oleifera response to stress factors.

  Analysis of Germplasm Differentiation of Ledu Long Pepper Based on Agronomic Traits SHEN Jicheng, ZHAO Caixia, YE Fahui, LI Yaxin, LIU Demei, LIU Ruijuan, SHEN Yuhu, ZHANG Huaigang, CHEN Wenjie 2022, 38 (7):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0442 Abstract + ( 245 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 32 ) To protect and develop Qinghai Ledu long pepper, a local vegetable germplasm resource, this study determined the differentiation of four Ledu long pepper strains (LD1, LD2, LD3 and LD4) by comparing the agronomic traits, and explored the steps to protect and utilize the resource. The main findings are summarized as follows: (1) by comprehensive evaluation, the agronomic traits of LD1 are the highest to 0.55, followed by LD2 of 0.54, LD3 of 0.34 is the lowest; (2) the agronomic traits’ variations among the four Ledu long pepper strains are significant, and the germplasm differentiation is obvious, which needs purification, regeneration and innovation urgently; the variation coefficient of the yield per plant and the weight per fruit of different strains of pepper are relatively high, which is 19.61% and 19.70%, respectively, followed by that of the pulp thickness, which is 16.56%, and the fruit longitudinal diameter variation coefficient is the smallest, which is 3.08%; (3) the pepper yield is extremely significantly and positively correlated with the number of fruits per plant, pulp thickness and per fruit weight. The pepper per fruit weight is significantly and positively correlated with the pulp thickness and the transverse diameter of commercial fruits. Therefore, increasing the number of fruits per plant, the fruit transverse diameter and pulp thickness should be considered to improve the germplasm of Ledu long pepper by purification and innovation.

  Effects of Exogenous Selenium on Growth and Physiology of Phaseolus vulgaris Seedlings Under 60Co-γ Radiation GAO Meng, ZHANG Dongye, FENG Guojun, YANG Xiaoxu, LIU Chang, YAN Zhishan, LIU Dajun 2022, 38 (7):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0936 Abstract + ( 167 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1725KB )   ( 94 ) To explore the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) on the growth and physiology of Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings under 60Co-γ radiation, P. vulgaris varieties ‘13-6-1-2’ and ‘Ziguan’ were used as experimental materials in this study. Through 50 μg/mL Na2SeO3 spray treatment, the effects of exogenous Se on the phenotype, antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll and Se content of P. vulgaris under 60Co-γ radiation (120 Gy) were detected and analyzed. The results showed that exogenous Se significantly increased the Se content, the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, and the content of MDA and chlorophyll in P. vulgaris seedlings under60Co-γ radiation. The results demonstrated that leaf spraying of exogenous Se with appropriate concentration could promote the growth and development of P. vulgaris, improve its Se content and antioxidant capacity, and alleviate the effects of60Co-γ radiation on the growth of P. vulgaris seedlings.

  Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy of Thick-skinned Muskmelon ‘Cuixue 5’ XU Xinyang, ZHANG Yuejian, SHEN Jia, SHOU Weisong 2022, 38 (7):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0388 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 33 ) Aiming at the occurrence of seed dormancy in newly harvested ‘Cuixue 5’ muskmelon, the seed germination test was conducted by automatic dormancy breaking, high-temperature treatment, low-temperature freezing treatment and exogenous hormones treatment, to explore efficient ways to break seed dormancy of ‘Cuixue 5’ muskmelon, thereby increase the germination rate. The results showed that the dormancy release of ‘Cuixue 5’ seeds mainly relied on the automatic dormancy breaking process, and high-temperature treatment could accelerate the process. In addition, low-temperature freezing and exogenous NAA and GA3 treatment could not break seed dormancy of ‘Cuixue 5’ and increase the germination rate; while exogenous 6-BA could significantly promote seed germination on the basis of prolonging the germination time.

  Effect of Bagging on Fruit Appearance and Aromatic Components of Prunus salicina var. cordata PENG Cheng, DENG Linping, MENG Wancong, CHANG Xiaoxiao, ZHANG Zengwen, LUO Jianliang, QIU Jishui, LU Yusheng 2022, 38 (7):  45-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0410 Abstract + ( 328 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 35 ) To provide technical support for using fruit bags in Prunus salicina var. cordata production, ten-year-old trees were used as test materials. Compared with no bagging, monolayer white pure wood paper bag and bilayer yellow-black wood paper bag were used for bagging treatment. Effects of different treatments on fruit quality, color and aromatic components of fruits were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter and single fruit weight had no significant difference under the treatments. Compared with no bagging, the L *, a * and b * value of bagged fruits significantly increased. In monolayer white pure wood paper bag and bilayer yellow-black wood paper bag treatment, the soluble solid content decreased by 17.70% and 8.04% respectively, and the soluble solid content had significant difference only between monolayer white pure wood paper bag and no-bagging treatment. The total content of volatile substances in fruits increased by 52.60% and 48.91%, respectively, under the treatment of monolayer white pure wood paper bag and bilayer yellow-black wood paper bag, and the content of aldehyde compounds significantly increased. The results showed that bagging could improve fruit surface smoothness and exterior quality, and enhance the amount of volatile substances. Bilayer yellow-black wood paper bag shows the most obvious improving effect on fruit quality.

  Pollen Viability and in Vitro Germination of Dahlia Cultivars DUAN Qing, CAI Jingjing, DU Wenwen, YANG Nan, WANG Xiangning, JIA Wenjie, MA Lulin 2022, 38 (7):  52-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0368 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2469KB )   ( 42 ) To screen out the effective method and the optimal scheme for determining pollen viability of Dahlia, as well as to understand the pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars, four methods were used to detect the pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars. On this basis, single factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were adopted to optimize the culture conditions and medium components of Dahlia pollen germination in vitro, and then the pollen viability of different cultivars was further detected and compared. The results show that TTC staining method could not make pollen coloration, I2-KI staining and sporopollen staining could not effectively distinguish the active and inactive pollen, while in vitro germination culture method is an effective method to determine the pollen viability of Dahlia, which could accurately and intuitively reflect the test results. The pollen germination rate is the highest when the pH is 6.0, the cultivation temperature is 25℃ and the cultivation time is 2.5 h. The effects of medium components on the pollen germination in vitro for Dahlia are as following: PEG> sucrose> boric acid. The best combination is A3B4C2 formulated with 25 g/L PEG 4000, 60 g/L sucrose and 50 mg/L boric acid, and the highest pollen germination rate is up to 62.1%. The pollen viability of 22 Dahlia cultivars is detected using the optimal scheme obtained above, the pollen germination rate is 11.75%-78.72%, and the pollen germination rate of different cultivars varies greatly. The pollen germination rate of ‘Orchid Princess’ is the lowest while that of ‘Pocher’ is the highest. The pollen viability of Dahlia cultivars is rich in diversity. Among the 22 Dahlia cultivars tested in this study, 14 cultivars are fertile and could be used as male parent when crossing, and eight cultivars are semi-sterile or low sterile, which are more suitable for female parent.

  Advances in Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in China YAO Jie, CHENG Lei, ZHOU Tao, LEI Pengkun, ZHU Yuejian, MA Lei 2022, 38 (7):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0858 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1081KB )   ( 89 ) This paper reviewed the research progress of phenotypic and molecular genetic diversity of Pseudostellaria heterophylla germplasm resources in China, as well as the characteristics of most domestic varieties, aiming to provide reference for further research on germplasm resources and genetic breeding of P. heterophylla. In this paper, the distribution of germplasm resources of P. heterophylla, phenotypic diversity, and molecular genetic diversity were investigated. The results show that it is an inevitable trend to develop P. heterophylla industry by breeding varieties with high yield, excellent quality, strong disease resistance and adaptability, and high content of polysaccharides and cyclic peptides. The study also puts forward some suggestions on breeding P. heterophylla in China.

  Nutrient Content of Tobacco Leaves and Root Zone Soil Affected by Citrate Soluble Potassium Fertilizer in Yuxi LI Dongxue, WANG Yiliu, HUAN Weiwei, BU Lingduo, WANG Ruizhi, LIU Hao, LU Dianjun, WANG Huoyan, CHEN Xiaoqin 2022, 38 (7):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0448 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 31 ) The paper aims at the problems of potassium content limits and unbalanced content of potassium, calcium and magnesium in Yuxi tobacco leaves. Two field experiment plots were selected to study the nutrient content of tobacco leaves and root zone soil affected by different fertilizer formulas, and five fertilization treatments (T1 farmers’ conventional fertilization, T2 potassium-free, T3 potassium sulfate, T4 citrate soluble potassium fertilizer substituting 1/4 potassium and T5 citrate soluble potassium fertilizer substituting 1/2 potassium) were set up. The results showed that T4 in Tadian area, and T4 and T5 in Xinping area had the highest tobacco yield, which increased by 3.43%, 49.7% and 61.1%, respectively. In the two areas, besides increasing the content of potassium and calcium in tobacco leaves, the application of citrate soluble potassium fertilizer (T4) could increase the content of magnesium, reduce the content of sulfur, and coordinate the content ratio of potassium, calcium and magnesium in tobacco leaves, and the ratio was 1.4 in Tadian and 1.1 in Xinping, respectively. The application of citrate soluble potassium fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil available Ca and Mg of the root zone. In the two study areas, T4 could increase the soil available Ca by 37.6% and 31.8% respectively, while T5 could increase the soil available Mg by 112.1% and 46.4% respectively. Based on the effects of different fertilization formulas on tobacco leaves and soil nutrient content, it could be concluded that T4 treatment has a better effect in Tadian and Xinping, and the quality of tobacco leaves and soil available nutrients in root zone are effectively improved.

  Preliminary Construction and Application of Soil Health Assessment Method of Facility Vegetable Fields on the Field Scale ZHANG Mengjia, WEN Fangfang, ZHANG Xuelian, ZHAO Qingchun, GUO Jianming, LIAO Hong, LIU Zifei, ZHU Wen, HAN Bao, GE Yaoke, LIAO Shangqiang, LU Jing 2022, 38 (7):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0335 Abstract + ( 222 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 32 ) Based on the needs of the soil health management of the facility vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs, the soil health assessment methods at home and abroad, and the analysis results of the 1350 facility vegetable fields’ soil samples in Beijing, a field-scale facility vegetable field soil health assessment system was initially constructed. A total of 21 assessment indicators in four categories of physics, biology, chemistry and output were determined, and the threshold range, scoring standards, weights and assessment modules of each indicator were proposed. The system was used to evaluate the health of the facility vegetable fields’ soil in Fangshan District of Beijing. Five plantations were selected, and one experimental site was set up in each plantation. The evaluation results showed that: one of the five experimental sites belonged to sub-health grade, and the other four experimental sites belonged to health grade. Soil improvement and remediation were carried out for two consecutive years in the sub-health grade experimental site. The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.77 to 0.83, and the soil health grade was raised to health level. In detail, the soil bulk density was reduced, the content of organic matter increased, the level of soil fertility increased, pH decreased, the yield of vegetables was stable, and the quality index increased. Soil management was carried out for two consecutive years in the health grade experimental site. The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.86 to 0.87, the soil fertility level was stable, the pathogen index decreased, and the vegetable yield and the commodity rate increased. Therefore, the assessment system could perform a good guiding role in maintaining or improving the soil health level of facility vegetable fields, and it is suggested to carry out more extensive soil health assessment and soil remediation management of facility vegetable fields.

  Effects of Milk Vetch Returning to Field on the Content of Soil Nutrient and Heavy Metal CHEN Hui, ZHOU Xiaoyue, TAN Cheng, ZHANG Yongchun, WANG Jidong, MA Hongbo 2022, 38 (7):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0390 Abstract + ( 269 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 94 ) To improve the soil quality under rice-wheat rotation in Liuhe, a field experiment of milk vetch-rice rotation (2018 to 2020) was conducted to study the effects of milk vetch returning on the content of soil nutrient and heavy metal in paddy field. Two rotation patterns were designed: milk vetch-rice rotation and wheat-rice rotation. The results of this study showed that compared with wheat-rice rotation, milk vetch-rice rotation effectively increased soil nutrients, including total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, available sulfur, available manganese, available zinc and available molybdenum, improved soil structure (soil bulk density decreased from 1.32 g/cm3 to 1.21 g/cm3), alleviated soil acidification (soil pH increased from pH 6.36 to pH 6.51), and reduced the soil pollution of total Cr, Pb, As, and Hg. In conclusion, milk vetch-rice rotation could effectively reduce the amount of fertilizer applied in winter wheat field and improve soil quality, which is a promising fertilization mode for Liuhe rice planting area.

  Environment-friendly Superabsorbent: Development, Property and Application LIU Ying, GENG Dandan, HAN Yongsheng, WEI Min, LIU Liu 2022, 38 (7):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0301 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 35 ) To promote the environmental safety and reasonable application of superabsorbent in agriculture, cellulosic superabsorbent is prepared by irradiation from a 60Coγ source. The optimal reaction condition in the synthetic process was explored, and the water absorption properties of the superabsorbent under different cations and urea concentrations, and the biodegradation and water retention property of the superabsorbent in soil were further analyzed. Moreover, the chemical structures of the superabsorbent were investigated by FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition was: superabsorbent composite containing 20% CMCNa and 0.2% crosslinker at absorbed dose of 8.47 kGy. The water absorption rate of the superabsorbent in deionized water was 367 g/g and the biodegradation rate was 6.41% after 15 days. The concentration of urea had little effect on the water retention property of the superabsorbent and the cations could significantly reduce the water absorption rate, and the inhibitory effect of cations on the absorption efficiency was ranked as: Fe3+> Mg2+> Na+. The superabsorbent could effectively reduce soil water loss and improve soil water content, therefore is suitable to mix with urea or added into the coating material for urea. The superabsorbent has good biodegradation and water retention property, and a certain application prospect in agriculture.

  Yield Response of Japonica Rice of Northeast China to Low Temperature in Different Time Periods of Booting Stage LIU Xiaohang, MA Shuqing, ZHAO Jing, QUAN Hujie, DENG Kuicai, CHAI Qingrong 2022, 38 (7):  91-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0325 Abstract + ( 162 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 35 ) To understand the yield response of japonica rice of northeast China to low temperature in different time periods of booting stage, and to establish the model and index of the influence of temperature and accumulated temperature on japonica rice yield, we utilized the law of air temperature decreasing with altitude and conducted a natural low-temperature rice pot experiment on the north slope of Changbai Mountains. In the experiment, we selected seven altitudes (low temperature strength), three durations of low temperature (2, 3 and 5 d), three periods of low temperature influence at booting stage (early, middle and late period), and used one proper temperature as control. The experimental data were used to establish a regression equation. The results showed that the response of rice yield change to low temperature at booting stage was significantly sensitive, while the influencing mode was in accordance with logarithmic or linear function. The lower the temperature and the longer the low temperature duration time, the greater the temperature influence coefficient and the lower the rice yield per unit area. The relationship of rice yield with daily mean temperature was closer than that with daily minimum temperature. The influence of low temperature at different booting periods on rice yield was different. The influence of short-term low temperature in 2 days in early panicle differentiation period was slightly greater than that in middle and late period. The influence of low temperature lasting for 3 days in early and middle panicle differentiation period (before and after meiosis of pollen mother cell) was more significant. The influence of low temperature lasting for 5 days in each of the 3 periods could be particularly significant, and all could result in a severe yield reduction. In summary, the rate of rice yield reduction will be increased by 2.0, 3.2 and 4.5 percentage points respectively with every 1℃ decrease of the average temperature lasting for 2, 3 and 5 d during the key period of the booting stage. The rate of rice yield reduction will be increased by 9.1, 8.3 and 7.7 percentage points when the cold accumulated temperature is increased by every 10℃∙d at the early, middle and late panicle differentiation period. When the cold accumulated temperature in the key booting stage is more than 6, 12 and 18℃∙d, the light, moderate and severe rice chilling injury will occur, respectively.

  Water Surplus and Deficit of Maize Growing Season and Its Effect on Yield in Major Grain Producing Areas of Jilin Province FU Yanyan, LI Yunfeng, HAN Dong, MA Shuqing 2022, 38 (7):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0315 Abstract + ( 221 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1430KB )   ( 41 ) Less rainfall and drought is the main meteorological disaster for maize cultivation in central and western Jilin Province. To understand the water condition of local maize growing season and its influence on maize yield, and improve local drought monitoring, assessment and prevention capability during the maize growing season, we used farmland water surplus and deficit ratio to reveal the farmland water status of different maize growing stages of cities and counties in the province, and then adopted correlation coefficient and regression method to analyze the influence of water surplus and deficit on maize yield in the early, middle and late stage of maize growing in the representative cities and counties. The results show that the regional, annual and seasonal change of the surplus and deficit of farmland water in main maize producing areas of Jilin are significant, most cities and counties lack water all year round. Severe water shortage is observed in western Jilin, and eastern Jilin also have insufficient water supply. In most years, the western Jilin has water deficit rate during the early, middle and late stage of maize growing for about 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively, and the water deficit rate is approximately 30% for the early stage and 10% for the late stage of maize growing in eastern Jilin, with a surplus during the middle stage. The annual changes of the water surplus and deficit ratio are very volatile, although to a large extent, the water surplus and deficit ratio in various cities and counties have synchronization and regional consistency on the time scale, there is no obvious trend of interdecadal change. The yield of maize is proportional to water surplus and deficit, and the water surplus and deficit in the growing season could largely determine the maize yield. Water deficit of more than 30% in the whole growing season could cause drought disaster to maize, and a deficit of more than 50% could result in more than 10% yield reduction.

  Rice Variety ‘Yongyou 15’: The Suitability of Meteorological Conditions for Sowing by Stages WANG Yifan, LAO Xiaocan, YU Liping, YE Hailong 2022, 38 (7):  106-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0401 Abstract + ( 255 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 48 ) To obtain the most suitable sowing time for rice ‘Yongyou 15’, we conducted the experiment of sowing by stages, aiming to improve the yield and quality of the variety. According to the sowing data of ‘Yongyou 15’ by stages from 2016 to 2020 in Longyou National Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station and the rice quality data from 2018 to 2019, the relationship between the yield, quality and the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ was obtained through comparative experiment. The results showed that: (1) the sowing time had certain influence on the days of full growth and grain filling stage of ‘Yongyou 15’, mainly, the later the sowing time, the fewer the days of the full growth and the longer the grain filling stage; (2) 22℃ was the threshold of normal development of rice at grain filling stage, and the average temperature below 22℃ could obviously increase the time of the grain filling and milking stage; (3) the amylose content of ‘Yongyou 15’ was generally about 10%, which was easy to gelatinize, the protein content was close to 7%, and the taste and nutrition content were relatively balanced; (4) when the sowing time was postponed to mid-June, the yield and quality of ‘Yongyou 15’ decreased significantly; (5) the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ should be from late May to early June, which could obviously improve the yield of single-cropping rice in Longyou.

  Efficacy of Prometryn Against 10 Serious Wheat Weed Species YU Hang, CHENG Qi, TANG Haiyun, CHEN Guoqi 2022, 38 (7):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0513 Abstract + ( 394 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 35 ) To study the efficacy of prometryn against 10 serious wheat weed species, the whole-plant bioassays was adopted to test the efficacy of prometryn against Beckmannia syzigachne, Alopecurus aequalis, Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus myosuroides, Lolium multiflorum, Pseudosclerochloa kengiana, Poa annua, Descurainia sophia, Galium spurium and Capsella bursa-pastoris. Prometryn of different doses were applied on each weed species at pre-emergence and early post-emergence (2-3-leaf for grasses and 2-whorl-leaf or 2-pair-leaf for broadleaf weed species). Thirty days after early post-emergence treatments with label dose of prometryn (750 g/hm 2 active ingredient), the inhibition rate of the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of D. sophia, G. spurium and C. bursa-pastoris was 89.75%, 94.04% and 75.00%, respectively. As well, the early post-emergence treatment with 1/2 label dose of prometryn could inhibit 89.64% aboveground growth of D. sophia. Thirty days after early post-emergence treatment with label dose of prometryn could totally kill the seedlings of A. aequalis, A. japonicus and P. kengiana; and showed the inhibition rate of 95.80%, 83.58%, 82.77% and 60.11% against A. myosuroides, P. annua, B. syzigachne and L. multiflorum, respectively. Moreover, 30 days after pre-emergence treatment with label dose of prometryn could have >85% inhibition rate against A. aequalis, P. kengiana, P. annua and B. syzigachne. Therefore, early post-emergence applying of prometryn can be effective on controlling A. aequalis, A. japonicus, A. myosuroides, P. kengiana, P. annua, D. sophia and G. spurium, and constraining B. syzigachne and C. bursa-pastoris seedling growth, while shows low efficacy against L. multiflorum.

  Screening, Identification and Control Efficacy of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora parasitica PU Yongyu, BAO Lingfeng, HE Xiang, LIU Rui, ZHANG Qing, SHI Zhufeng, HE Yonghong, YANG Peiwen 2022, 38 (7):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0375 Abstract + ( 302 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1577KB )   ( 53 ) To provide biocontrol microbial resources for the prevention and control of tobacco rhizome diseases, biocontrol strains with good control efficacy on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora parasitica were screened. The bacteria strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the diseased tobacco plants, and the inhibitory activity was determined by plate face-off method and filter method. The control efficacy of highly active strains was further detected by pot tests. Molecular biological identification of the highly active strains was carried out by 16S rDNA. The promoting and antibacterial activities of the strains were verified by PCR using 9 pairs of specific primers. Two highly active strains LF-1 and LF-2 were obtained and identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The results of activity test showed that the inhibition rate of the two strains was 31.16% and 56.98% on R. solanacearum, and 64.44% and 72.44% on P. parasitica, respectively. The corresponding potted experiment showed that the inhibition rate of the two strains was 69.54% and 72.49% on R. solanacearum, and 65.49% and 68.32% on P. parasitica, respectively. The two strains had good control effect on tobacco rhizome diseases and broad application prospect in tobacco disease control.

  Effects of Effective Microorganisms on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Ammonia Emission of BALB/C Mice CAO Qiumei, WANG Luyi, LI Xiaoman, LI Junda, LIU Mengtian, ZHENG Yao, WANG Lihua 2022, 38 (7):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0148 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 23 ) The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of effective microorganisms (EM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal ammonia emission of BALB/C mice. A total of 120 BALB/C mice (4-week-old) with 60 males and 60 females were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group (3 replicates for male and 3 replicates for female) and 5 mice in each replicate. EM added into diet of each group (groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ) was 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks, including one week of adaption period and 6 weeks of experimental period. The results showed that dietary addition of 400 and 600 mg/kg EM significantly increased dry matter and ether extract digestibility of BALB/C mice (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the digestibility of other nutrients (P>0.05). EM had no significant effect on the growth performance and fecal ammonia emission of BALB/C mice (P>0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation of EM could improve nutrient digestibility (dry matter and ether extract) of BALB/C mice and could not reduce ammonia emission, and the recommended supplementation is 400 mg EM per kilogram diet.

  Study on the Value of Honeybees as Pollinators of Oilseed Rape LI Ruizhen, YAN Dingchun 2022, 38 (7):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0403 Abstract + ( 223 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 82 ) To explore the role and economic value of honeybee pollination in oilseed rape production, the annual value of the rape production attributable to honeybee pollination and the pollination requirements of bee colonies were evaluated based on honeybee pollination dependency model. The results indicated that the total value of honeybee pollination service to oilseed rape production in China in 2018 was 10.419 billion Yuan, accounting for 15.75% of the annual domestic oilseed rape production value (almost 66.141 billion Yuan). In Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan, the value of honeybee pollination service to rape production was all over 1 billion Yuan. It is estimated that over 16.3765 million bee colonies are needed each year to pollinate oilseed rape in China, more than the present 9.0884 million bee colonies. Hunan and Sichuan have the largest demand for honeybee pollination in rape production, accounting for more than 1/3 of the total domestic bee colonies. Therefore, bee pollination is an important input in rape production, the public awareness of the economic value of bee pollination should be gradually raised, and bee pollination technology in rape production should be vigorously promoted.

  Effects of Different Compound Fresh-keeping Treatments on the Storage of ‘Summer Black’ Grape ZHENG Bixia, JI Xiaomei, LI Changlin, GONG Linzhong, FANG Linchuan 2022, 38 (7):  135-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0349 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1686KB )   ( 38 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different compound fresh-keeping treatments on the storage of grape and explore the preservation technology suitable for ‘Summer Black’ grape. ‘Summer Black’ grapes were treated with 8 different combinations of sodium pyrosulfite (Na2S2O5), 1-methylcypropene (1-MCP) and PP material breathable fresh bag. Each treatment was repeated with 24 clusters. The treated ‘Summer Black’ grapes were stored every three clusters in a box at low temperature (0±1)℃ and under relative humidity of 90%-95%. The weight loss rate, fruit drop rate, rot rate, soluble solid content, titratable content, soluble sugar content, MDA content, anthocyanin content, chlorophyll content in stem and etc. were used as indicators to analyze the quality change of grape fruits. During the storage period, with the extension of storage time, the weight loss rate, fruit drop rate, rot rate, soluble sugar and anthocyanin content of the clusters increased continuously, while soluble solid content decreased continuously, titratable acid and MDA content increased first and then decreased. The variation trend of fruit quality was the same under different treatments, but there were significant differences among the treatments, among which the difference between PP material breathable fresh bag+1-MCP+ Na2S2O5 treatment and blank control treatment was the most obvious. After 112 days of storage, the content of soluble solids in ‘Summer Black’ grape treated with PP material breathable fresh bag+1-MCP+ Na2S2O5 was about 15.18°Brix, which was significantly higher than that of the control. At the same time, the content of MDA, soluble sugar and anthocyanin were better than those of the control, indicating that this combination treatment could not only maintain the fruit color, but also slow down the degree of free radical damage of grape fruits. Therefore, the compound formula of PP material breathable fresh bag +1-MCP+ Na2S2O5 can effectively maintain the quality of ‘Summer Black’ grape fruit to a certain extent, so that the grape fruits can still be commercial after storage for 112 days.

  High-quality Development of Fisheries Based on Big Data of Fishery Production XU Shuo, LU Feng, FANG Hui, WANG Lihua 2022, 38 (7):  144-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0312 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2818KB )   ( 56 ) Big data of fishery production is the original data generated in activities such as aquaculture, fishing, processing, circulation and management, which plays an important guiding role and has application value in enhancing the capacity of scientific and technological innovation of fishery, accelerating fishery transformation and upgrading, and promoting its green and high-quality development. Based on the high-quality development of Chinese fisheries, the characteristics and application requirements of fishery production big data center were analyzed, and the architecture of fishery production big data center covering the whole chain of data collection, transmission, storage and application was proposed. Focusing on data acquisition and monitoring network, resource dispatching sub-center and data master center of fishery production big data, the scheme for the construction of fishery production big data center was formulated. From the perspective of big data application, the overall objective, standard system, planning layout and implementation path of the construction of fishery production big data center was specified. The research results show that establishing a distributed engineering system composed of aquaculture monitoring network, ocean fishing monitoring network, aquatic product processing monitoring network, aquaculture sub-center, fishing sub-center, processing sub-center, market monitoring sub-center, fishery management sub-center and fishery production big data master center can realize the ability of dynamic monitoring and situational awareness of fishery production process, significantly improve the level of fishery production and management, accelerate the application of data fusion and carry out the high-quality development of fishery innovation in China. This study can provide a design blueprint for the construction of fishery production big data center.

  High-quality Development of Camellia oleifera Industry in Dabie Mountain Area JING Li, ZHANG Wei, SHANGGUAN Caixia, SUN Jianjun 2022, 38 (7):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0358 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 58 ) By summarizing the development status of Camellia oleifera industry in Dabie Mountain area, this paper puts forward that the development of C. oleifera industry in mountain areas has favorable conditions such as good resources and environment, relatively complete industrial system, outstanding green development result and large development potential. In addition, the paper analyzes the existing problems from the aspects of input-output benefit, processing and product market. In view of the problems, corresponding suggestions are proposed: (1) optimizing industrial layout and improving agricultural income; (2) extending industrial chain and promoting integrated development; (3) adhering to green development and innovating processing technologies; (4) implementing brand management and improving market share; (5) expanding agricultural functions and promoting industrial integration and development. It is expected that these suggestions can promote the high-quality development of C. oleifera industry in mountain areas and form an innovative pattern.

  The Construction of Village with Fossil Resources: Exploration Practices and Evaluation Index WANG Lixia, YIN Chao, LI Jiangli, LIU Dan, LU Jingwen 2022, 38 (7):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1186 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 37 ) This paper aims to explore new methods for the development of villages with fossil resources and geological relics under the background of rural revitalization. On the basis of effective protection, we could promote fossil resources’ function of scientific popularization and tourism, so as to drive the construction of rural infrastructure, promote the adjustment of industrial structure and farmers’ employment. The concept of ‘village with fossil resources’ and suggestions on its building were put forward. In this paper, the authors summarized the construction achievements and experience of Yuan’an village with fossil resources in Hubei Province, which was the first village of this kind in China, and proposed the idea of promoting the brand of village with fossil resources. In order to guide the construction of village with fossil resources and avoid aimless development, an evaluation index system of village with fossil resources was established.