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  Analysis of Agro-meteorological Factors Causing Apple Florescence Freezing in Zepu ABASI Kerimu, MENG Fanxue, KUDERETI Rehanguli, WANG Jun, LI Huimin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (36): 97-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1030 Abstract + (4821)    HTML (2298)    PDF (1210KB) (13750)       Knowledge map    Low temperature and freeze injury is one of three major disasters that endanger the development of fruit trees in Xinjiang. The daily meteorological data during 1991 to 2022 from meteorological station of Zepu and investigation data about freezing injury of apple florescence in recently years were used to analyze the cause of freezing injury. The results showed that: from 1991 to 2022, the apple flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering were ahead of time by 2.0 to 5.1 d/10 a; apple florescence freezing damage was significant when the temperature dropped suddenly in flowering period, the lowest temperature reached -2.0℃, and the duration below 0℃ was 0.5 h; the dominant disaster-causing factors included the maximum diurnal range of temperature (no less than 22℃), the extreme minimum temperature (no more than -2℃), the spring cold weather, severe cooling, long duration, precipitation weather with dust weather (sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust) and severe wind. After freezing injury, the soluble solids content and other indicators of apple decreased to different extents. Freezing injury in apple flowering period affected the quality of apple. It will be of great scientific significance and application value to study on the freezing damage in flowering period of Fuji apple in Zepu apple producing area.

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  Analysis of Climate Quality Certification Indexes and Evaluation for Figs in Yuepuhu Kerimu ABASI, MENG Fanxue, Nuerpatiman MAIMAITIREYIMU, XIE Ye, Alimu AIERKEN Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (1): 78-82.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0002 Abstract + (4813)    HTML (2126)    PDF (1224KB) (13632)       Knowledge map    In this paper, the daily average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours data of Yuepuhu General Weather Station during from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed by using climate tendency rate, cumulative anomaly climate statistical method to verify the climate quality for figs, and the effect of meteorological conditions on figs phenological phase and impact of meteorological factors, meteorological disaster on fig quality were primarily analyzed as well. The results showed that, according to this classification, the climate quality for figs in Yuepuhu garden spot were “excellent”. The research conclusion aims to provide scientific basis for improving fruit quality of fig cultivation and future rational management.

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  Genetic Background of National Certified Wheat Variety ‘Shannong116'and Stability Analysis of High Yield and Quality WANG Yanxun, TIAN Jichun, YANG Ming, PENG Li Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (21): 7-11.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0665 Abstract + (1375)    HTML (3)    PDF (1209KB) (59)       Knowledge map    In order to widely promote the newly approved wheat variety ‘Shannong 116' with high yield and strong gluten into production as soon as possible, we conducted an in-depth analysis from the genetic background of its hybrid parents, the performance of high and stable yield in regional trials, and the performance of strong gluten stability in many years of quality test results. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shannong 116' increased significantly compared with the control, the national test increased by 4.0% compared with ‘Zhoumai 18', and the Shandong test increased by 3.8% compared with ‘Jinan 17'. In the national wheat quality evaluation for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021, the quality test indicators of ‘Shannong 116' all met the GB/T17892 standard for strong or medium gluten wheat. The plant height of ‘Shannong 116' is 76.9 cm, with compact plant type, neat ear layer and good ripening. It combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent of strong strength, disease resistance, early maturity and the male parent of high yield, water saving and lodging resistance. It is suitable for large-scale planting and market order acquisition and utilization in the Huang-huai wheat region.

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  The Quality Evaluation of Foeniculi fructus from Different Production Origins LIANG Huan, AN Yue Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 148-152.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1009 Abstract + (414)    HTML (0)    PDF (1233KB) (37)       Knowledge map    The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand the quality of Foeniculi fructus from various production origins in China. 21 batches of samples were collected from seven major production origins, and the volatile oil, trans anisole, Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb and 9 kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues were evaluated in accordance with the People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia. The study showed that the quality of F. fructus was good, the volatile oil and trans anisole indexes of F. fructus from all production origins were higher than the pharmacopoeia standard requirements. The content of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb heavy metals were low and the residues of nine organochlorine pesticides were zero, which meant that all samples of F. fructus met the safety requirements. The content of volatile oil and trans anisole was the highest in Yumen of Gansu Province, while the content of cumin in Minqin, Haiyuan, Jingtai of Gansu Province, Shuozhou of Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia was little different. The content of volatile oil of cumin in Minqin was higher than that in other producing areas, and the content of volatile oil in Jinta of Gansu Province was the lowest.

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  Relationship Between Musk Yield, Apparent Traits and Age, Musk-extracted Time of Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) WANG Yongqi Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (23): 94-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0177 Abstract + (412)    HTML (8)    PDF (1492KB) (40)       Knowledge map    The study aims to explore the relationship between age, musk-extracted time and yield, quality of musk, and to supplement the information of musk secretion mechanism, quality traits and appropriate musk-extracted time. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to observe and statistically analyze the musk yield and color, shape of 59 forest musk deer (1-5 years old). The results showed that there was no significant effect on musk yield by age and musk-extracted time, but the musk yield of forest musk deer of 2.7-3.7 years old was higher than that of other age groups; the average musk yield of adult musk deer (>2 years old) was (17.636±6.642) g, which was 4.129 g higher than that of bred musk deer (≤ 2 years old) (13.444±3.356) g (P=0.002<0.05); the average musk yield of adult musk deer in March was (19.955±7.267) g, which was 4.759 g higher than that in September (15.196±5.0113) g (P=0.023<0.05); although there was no significant difference between the observed group and control group (P=0.230>0.05), individual forest musk deer had higher musk yield and a larger yield range. The proportion of powdery musk was 61.02%, blocky musk was 6.78%, dry mud or mud musk was 15%~17%, brown musk was 52.54%, dark brown musk was 13.56%, dark tan and tan musk were respectively11.86%, light brown musk was 6.78%, and chocolate brown and black tan musk were 1.69%, respectively; the powdery musk (85%) of bred musk deer was higher than that of adult musk deer (48.72%), and the proportion of brown musk was the highest (60%, 51.28%); Powdery musk of adult musk in March and September were 35% and 63.16%, blocky musk was 5% and 15.79%, dry mud musk was 15% and 21.05%, mud musk was 45% and 0.00%, respectively. In summary, there was no significant correlation between different ages, musk-extracted time and musk yield, musk yield of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of bred musk deer, and musk yield in March was significantly higher than that in September; the observed musk deer population had the characteristics of wider distribution of musk yield and higher yield, which indicated that years of breeding had promoted the separation of quantitative characters of musk yield, and provided a preliminary basis for the establishment of the core population later; brown and powdery musk accounted for the highest proportion, and the musk with mud and high water content collected in March was significantly higher than that in September.

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  Effects of Pruning and Topping on Fresh Yield and Yield Components of Different Faba Bean Varieties ZHONG Xiaojuan, YANG Mei, LI Xin, WANG Hua, XIAN Dongfeng, WANG Xianshu, FAN Yuanfang, XIANG Chao Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (26): 17-25.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0280 Abstract + (335)    HTML (5)    PDF (1399KB) (29)       Knowledge map    This study aimed to explore the effect of different pruning and topping methods on agronomic characters and yield of different faba bean varieties, and summarize the optimum pruning and topping methods of different varieties. ‘Chenghu 10’, ‘Chenghu 18’, ‘Chenghu 19’ and ‘Chenghu 25’ were used as materials, and four pruning and topping treatments including pruning and topping, removal of main stem, removal of invalid branches and topping were set up for each faba bean variety to analyze the effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits and yield components of different faba bean varieties. The results showed that among different treatments, the topping treatment can effectively control plant height. The average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 10’ were increased by 20.9% and 25.7%, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of the control under the topping treatment. Under the treatment of removal of main stem, the average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 19’ increased by 61.2% and 35.5%, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control. Each pruning and topping treatment had no significant effect on yield-related traits and fresh yield of ‘Chenghu 18’. Topping treatment could improve the 100-grain weight and seed emergence rate of ‘Chenghu 25’. In summary, the effect of pruning and topping on fresh yield of faba bean varies among different faba bean varieties, as well as among different pruning and topping methods. Different pruning and topping methods can be selectively adopted to improve some yield-related characters among different special varieties in order to obtain higher economic benefits.

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  Leaf Color Temporal Variation of Three Acer Species in Autumn LI Hong, SUN Bo, QU Yanting, ZHANG Hongyun, YANG Yihua Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 22-26.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0169 Abstract + (310)    HTML (0)    PDF (1463KB) (23)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to evaluate the ornamental value of Acer leaf color in autumn, the Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. triflorum and A. mandshuricum leaves were chose as the experimental materials to observe and analyze the leaf morphological characteristics, leaf color temporal changes and leaf color parameters during the discoloration period. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf morphological characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/ width, leaf circumference and leaf area) among the three Acer species. The leaf morphology of A. mandshuricum and A. triflorum was similar. The leaf area of A. triflorum was the largest, and that of A. pseudo-sieboldianum was the smallest. The leaf circumference from large to small was: A. mandshuricum> A. pseudo-sieboldianum> A. triflorum. The ornamental period of the three Acer species was from the end of September to the end of October, and A. triflorum had the longest ornamental period. A. mandshuricum had the richest changes in leaf color in autumn and the most ornamental. The leaf color parameters L* and b* both showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the leaf color parameter a* showed a trend of increasing gradually, which was consistent with the change of leaf color.

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  Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Accumulated Temperature in the Great Khingan Forest Area of Inner Mongolia from 1970 to 2019 ZHANG Ru, DU Jinling, MA Xiuzhi, ZOU Yihang, HAO Chenyang, FU Yu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 93-101.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0543 Abstract + (291)    HTML (0)    PDF (2555KB) (59)       Knowledge map    Based on the daily average temperature data from 1970-2019 at 11 meteorological stations in the Great Khingan forest area of Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of accumulated temperature under the background of climate change. MK mutation test and wavelet analysis were used to study the changes of the initial date, termination date, continuous days and accumulated temperature under different boundary temperatures. The results showed that the first day of positive accumulated temperature was advanced and the last day was postponed; the negative accumulated temperature showed the opposite trend. In terms of time, the variation range of accumulated temperature at different boundary temperatures was different, but as a whole, it showed an increasing trend due to the change of continuous days, and the variation trend of each station was basically the same as that of the whole stations. The positive accumulated temperature mutated around 1994, rose significantly in the later period and passed the 0.05 level significance test. There were multiple mutation time points in the negative accumulated temperature in 1980s. The cyclical changes of each accumulated temperature fluctuated significantly within the 2 a scale. Spatially, latitude and altitude had obvious effects on the variation of accumulated temperature, and the overall accumulated temperature decreased from south to north, and the accumulated temperature in Aershan decreased due to the influence of altitude.

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  Suitable Nitrogen Application Rate of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Xuanwei Tobacco Area CAO Jiayuan, CAI Xianjie, DENG Tao, WEI Qili, MA Aiguo, WU Shujun, SHEN Yinghuan, LI Xiancai, PAN Yihong, YAN Ding Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (18): 43-51.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0529 Abstract + (288)    HTML (2)    PDF (1195KB) (20)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the appropriate nitrogen application rate of high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties in Xuanwei tobacco area, ‘Yunyan 97’, ‘Yunyan 301’ and ‘Zhongchuan 208’ were used as test materials and the field trial comparison method was adopted to study the differences of economic traits, physical characteristics, appearance quality, chemical composition and sensory evaluation quality of the three varieties under different nitrogen application rates in 2020. The results showed that ‘Yunyan 97’ had the most harmonious chemical composition when the nitrogen application rate was 82.5 kg/hm2, and the appearance quality, physical characteristics and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco were the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 97.5 kg/hm2. At the same time, the comprehensive quality was the best under both the two nitrogen application rates, and the economic benefit was the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 97.5 kg/hm2. ‘Yunyan 301’ had better performance when the nitrogen application rate was 67.5 kg/hm2, 97.5 kg/hm2 and 112.5 kg/hm2. Relatively low nitrogen application rate was beneficial to improving the appearance quality and physical characteristics of ‘Yunyan 301’, while, high nitrogen application rate was conducive to increasing the chemical composition coordination and economic benefits of tobacco leaves. When the nitrogen application rate of ‘Zhongchuan 208’ was 97.5 kg/hm2, the field growth performance of the variety was good, the economic benefit was high, and the output value was 72883.5 yuan/hm2. The comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves was superior, and the comprehensive score was 0.72. To sum up, in Xuanwei tobacco production area, the optimum nitrogen application rate for ‘Yunyan 97’ and ‘Zhongchuan 208’ is 97.5 kg/hm2, and the suitable nitrogen application rate for ‘Yunyan 301’ should be determined by soil conditions of the tobacco plot, which can be from 67.5 to 112.5 kg/hm2.

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  Influence of Climate Change on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Effective Accumulated Temperature in Shanxi Province HOU Qi, LI Shuai, ZHAO Yujie, CUI Guangshu Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (32): 138-144.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0852 Abstract + (259)    HTML (6)    PDF (3521KB) (71)       Knowledge map    To understand the impact of climate change on crop planting in Shanxi Province, based on the temperature grid data from 1961 to 2016, this paper used Mann-Kendall trend/mutation test, coefficient of variation and multiple regression interpolation method to analyze the effective accumulated temperature ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: (1) the effective accumulated temperature of both ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed obvious increasing trends in time distribution, and the effective accumulated temperature increased rapidly in northern Shanxi Province and the valleys and basins with low terrain, and the spatial distribution was zonal from northeast to southwest. (2) The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ and ≥10℃ showed decreasing trends from south to north in spatial distribution, and its spatial distribution was greatly affected by altitude. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥5℃ had a larger distribution area in the accumulated temperature range suitable for crop growth, and was more suitable for cold-loving crop cultivation in most areas. (3) The effective accumulated temperature was abruptly changed in 1997, after the change, the northern boundary of accumulated temperature moved to high latitude and high altitude areas. (4) The effective accumulated temperature initial date was mostly advanced, and the end date tended to be delayed. The duration of effective accumulated temperature was extended, and this trend was more obvious in the south of Shanxi Province, valleys and basins. The coefficient of variation of the effective accumulated temperature start date increased from northeast to southwest, and the rate of variation of the initial date of Fenhe Valley was large; the coefficient of variation of the end date was smaller and the distribution was more stable.

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  A Study on Heat Tolerance of Six Fern Species from Northern China WU Fei, LI Peng, WANG Wei, CUI Yulian, XU Yuqing, LU Shanshan, ZHAO Baolin Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (34): 92-97.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0248 Abstract + (246)    HTML (1)    PDF (1373KB) (27)       Knowledge map    In order to guide the selection of fern materials for landscape in the summer high-temperature environment of northern China, this study compared the heat resistance of six native fern species from northern China using parameters such as electrical conductivity, half-lethal temperature, and cell damage rate. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta, Matteuccia struthiopteri, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, D. expansa, and Athyrium sinense were selected for heat stress treatment. The relative conductivity of them was determined under gradient temperature treatment conditions, and the half-lethal temperature (LT50) was calculated by a Logistic equation. Simultaneously, measurements of fern leaf epidermis structure (leaf area, leaf weight, stomata density), chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic data were also conducted. On such a basis, the correlation between the heat resistance of ferns and each measurement indicator was analyzed and then tested using field observation data. Combining with geographical distribution characteristics of ferns, the thermal resistance of each experimental material was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the cell damage rate showed an ‘S’ curve (slow-fast-slow). The ranking of six fern species based on half-lethal temperature ranges from highest to lowest was as follows: D. crassirhizoma (63.77℃)> A. sinense (62.07℃)> D. expansa (61.63℃)> M. struthiopteris (61.13℃)> O. sensibilis var. interrupta (58.10℃)> P. aquilinum var. latiusculum (56.70℃). The field observation data were generally consistent with the conductivity data and the geographical distribution characteristics of ferns. LT50 could be used as one of the evaluating factors for the heat tolerance of ferns. The epidermal morphology of leaves can also be used as a reference for heat tolerance. The selection results can enrich the types of ferns used in garden display in Beijing.

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  Soil Moisture Characteristics of Different Vegetation Types in Wind-sandy Loess Region in Northern Shenmu City YANG Ni, LIU Changhai, JIA Yuru, GU Mengyi Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (12): 65-69.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0453 Abstract + (237)    HTML (0)    PDF (1243KB) (56)       Knowledge map    To further understand the soil water characteristics of different vegetation types on the Loess Plateau, 7 plots of 5 typical vegetation types including Caragana korshinskii 1, Caragana korshinskii 2, grassland 1, grassland 2, Pinus sylvestris, Hippophae rhammoides, and apricot were selected as the research objects in Daliuta Town, Shenmu City, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of soil water in different sites. The results showed that: (1) in the 0-100 cm soil layer, there were significant differences in soil water content and soil water storage among different vegetation types (P<0.05), with the order of apricot tree>Hippophae rhammoides>Caragana korshinskii 1>Caragana korshinskii 2>grassland 1>Pinus sylvestris>grassland 2. (2) Soil moisture content of different vegetation types increased with the increase of soil depth. The change trend of grassland 1, Pinus sylvestris and grassland 2 was not obvious. (3) Soil water storage of different vegetation types showed an increasing trend as a whole with the increase of soil depth. The water storage capacity of each vegetation was relatively small in 0-40 cm soil layer and had little change; it changed greatly in the 40-100 cm soil layer and reached the maximum in the 80-100 cm soil layer. The experiment analyzed the characteristics of soil water content and soil water storage under different vegetation types, which provided theoretical basis for the subsequent soil and water conservation, vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction in this region.

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  Effects of Simulated Mechanical Pruning on Shoot Growth and Fruit Setting of Litchi cv. Feizixiao WANG Jing, GUO Dongliang, LV Xinmin, HUANG Xinxin, HAN Dongmei, LI Jianguang Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (24): 59-68.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0757 Abstract + (235)    HTML (0)    PDF (1560KB) (25)       Knowledge map    To explore the optimal pruning intensity and mechanized pruning mode of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi, ‘Feizixiao’ litchi was used as the material, the effects of pruning intensities and four simulated mechanized pruning methods on the growth of shoots and fruit settings were compared. The four mechanized pruning methods were hedging southern side of canopy (HSP), hedging northern side of canopy (HNP), hedging eastern side of canopy (HEP) and topping the canopy (TP). The results showed that the photosynthetic effective radiation in the canopy and chlorophyll content of mature leaves on the shoots differed significantly among pruning intensities, and the effect of middle TP pruning with branch diameter of 2.0-2.5 cm was the best. The middle TP treatment significantly increased the length and diameter of last shoots compared with the middle hedging pruning. But the middle HEP had the highest starch content of last shoots and their leaves, which improved the yield. In conclusion, middle TP and HEP pruning after fruit picking can significantly improve the shoot quality and yield of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi; they are appropriate mechanized pruning intensity and pruning method for ‘Feizixiao’ litchi.

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  Effects of Substrate Composition and Planting Number on the Emergence and Growth of Chimonobambusa marmorea f. variegata Seedling LUO Jiali, TANG Yilei, SHI Wenhui, YING Yeqing Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (31): 38-43.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0867 Abstract + (235)    HTML (2)    PDF (1339KB) (22)       Knowledge map    To screen out the optimal combination of substrate composition and planting number suitable for the seedling formation of Chimonobambusa marmorea f. variegata, potted combination experiments were performed with different substrate ratios (yellow brown soil: peat= 5:0, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3) and different planting number (7, 5 and 3 respectively). The morphological growth and physiological characteristics of the C. marmorea f. variegate in the above treatments were analyzed. The results showed that emergence ratio, plant height, ground diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content and activity of antioxidant enzymes of C. marmorea f. variegate under various treatments were different. Among them, the plant height, ground diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content and activity of antioxidant enzymes in C. marmorea f. variegate under the treatment of substrate composition (5:0) and planting number (7) were much higher than those in other treatments. Based on the above results, the optimal combination of substrate composition and planting number for good breeding of C. marmorea f. variegate is determined, the ratio of yellow-brown soil: peat is 5:0, and the planting number is 7.

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  Effects of Application Methods of Magnesium Fertilizer on Nutritional Status, Yield and Quality of Honey Pomelo CHEN Jiajie, ZHANG Yan, SHANGGUAN Yilin, WEI Sifan, ZHANG Peng, QIU Aihua, SU Da, SHEN Bingrong, XU Jinxian, YE Delian Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (31): 67-75.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0924 Abstract + (222)    HTML (3)    PDF (1261KB) (37)       Knowledge map    The experiment aims to investigate the effects of magnesium fertilizer application strategies on the nutritional status, yield and quality of pomelo, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of magnesium fertilizer in pomelo production. Three magnesium fertilizer treatments were designed, including control (no magnesium fertilizer), soil application of magnesium fertilizer and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer. Results showed that both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD value, magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of the annual spring shoot leaves and biennial spring shoot leaves of pomelo at maturity stage in 2019 and 2020. However, magnesium fertilizer application did not affect the phosphorus, calcium and zinc concentrations of pomelo leaf. Different application methods of magnesium fertilizer generally increased magnesium concentration and nitrogen concentration of honey pomelo pulp. Both soil and foliar application of magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic rate of honey pomelo leaves and foliar application of magnesium also significantly increased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves. Compared with the control, the average pomelo yield in two years was increased by 13.8% and 4.1% under foliar application of magnesium and soil application of magnesium fertilizer, respectively. Moreover, foliar application of magnesium significantly increased the Vc concentration, soluble solid concentration and solid-acid ratio of honey pomelo fruit, and soil application of magnesium fertilizer significantly reduced the titratable acid concentration and increased the solid-acid ratio of the fruit for two years. Both Magnesium application methods improved nutritional status of pomelo leaves and fruits, photosynthesis, yield and quality of pomelo. Foliar spraying 4% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate can be recommended as an important practice of magnesium supplementation in the honey pomelo production.

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  Effects of Four Functional Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Flowering Chinese Cabbage HUANG Wenyin, LI Jiawei, SONG Zhao, CHANG Jingjing, CHEN Xiao, LI Jing, JIAO Jiabin, ZHANG Baige Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (4): 83-90.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0090 Abstract + (218)    HTML (2)    PDF (3356KB) (16)       Knowledge map    To screen the functional fertilizers suitable for the cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage, this study explored the effects of four different types of functional fertilizers on the growth and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. These fertilizers included PSO4 fermentation broth (PSO4), corn extract (CE), hydrolyzed feather powder (HFP), and inositol powder (IN). The results showed that an appropriate amount of four functional fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage, with an order of increasing rate of IN>HFP>PSO4>CE. The HFP and IN promoted the lateral growth of flowering Chinese cabbage roots. PSO4 solution promoted the longitudinal growth of the root and significantly increased the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, and vitamin C, thus improving the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. In flowering Chinese cabbage cultivation, the optimum concentration of PSO4 and CE is 300 times diluted, the optimum concentration of HFP is 0.05%, and the optimum concentration of IN is 0.1%. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of these four functional fertilizers in the production and quality cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage.

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  Suitable Harvest Maturity of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in High-altitude Rainy Tobacco Area in Xuanwei LI Xiancai, CAI Xianjie, DENG Tao, WEI Qili, WU Shujun, XU Tianpeng, ZHANG Yanfei, MA Aiguo, PAN Yihong, YAN Ding Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (31): 19-26.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0895 Abstract + (208)    HTML (3)    PDF (1214KB) (25)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the appropriate harvesting maturity of the middle and upper tobacco leaves of three flue-cured tobacco varieties in the high-altitude rainy tobacco area of Xuanwei, Yunnan Province, three harvest maturity levels were set to study their effects on economic benefits, appearance quality, physical characteristics, intrinsic chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco through the field plot experiment. The results showed that the comprehensive quality of ‘Yunyan 301’ and ‘Zhongchuan 208’ tobacco leaves increased with the delay of harvest time. In terms of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves, the stalk percentage decreased, leaf surface density and tension resistance increased. In terms of appearance quality, the color of central tobacco leaves was slightly lighter, and the nicotine content of tobacco leaves decreased. With the increase of harvest maturity, the comprehensive quality of ‘Yunyan 105’ increased first and then decreased. The economic benefit of each variety increased first and then decreased with the delay of harvest time. In general, the middle leaves of ‘Zhongchuan 208’ and ‘Yunyan 301’ can be harvested when they are ripe in the field, while the upper tobacco leaves should be harvested when the fresh tobacco leaves in the field reach the sub-ripe standard, while ‘Yunyan 105’ can be harvested when they are ripe in the field.

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  Investigation of Wild Ornamental Plants in Shanxi Luya Mountain Nature Reserve CAO Dongmei, JIA Minlong, ZHANG Xiaogang, WANG Yunshan Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (19): 73-79.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0546 Abstract + (201)    HTML (0)    PDF (1274KB) (33)       Knowledge map    Luya Mountain Nature Reserve is a high-altitude scenic spot in Shanxi Province, with rich and diverse wild vegetation which has great research and development value. Based on general survey and designated survey, field research on the ornamental plants in the reserve was conducted. The investigation shows that there are 155 species of wild ornamental plants belong to 42 families and 113 genera, and the vast majority of them are herbaceous plants, accounting for 81.3%. Among them, there are 113 species of wild medicinal plants, belonging to 89 genera of 35 families. The reserve has 2 national protected plants, namely Malaxis monophyllos and Tamarix taklamakanensis, and 2 local protected plants of the province. There are also some distinctive plants which can serve as chemical raw materials, directly edible plants and oil crops. In summary, the wild ornamental plant resources in Luya Mountain are abundant. The results of this study can provide reference for the rational development and utilization of wild plant resources, the biodiversity research and the formulation of conservation strategy.

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  Different Planting Densities of Silage Maize: A Comparative Experiment GAO Wenhui, YANG Liu, ZHAO Lini, ZHANG Honghong, REN Bo, DING Yuguo, LI Xinchun Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (26): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0761 Abstract + (194)    HTML (15)    PDF (1252KB) (99)       Knowledge map    In order to screen out the suitable planting density for two grain and forage silage maize varieties, ‘Jingang silage 50’and ‘Tieyan 53’, in Yuyang District, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, 4 planting densities of 52500, 60000, 67500 and 75000 plants per hm2 were set in this experiment for the two varieties respectively. The agronomic characters, yield, nutrient content, ratio of leaf weight and ratio of panicle weight of each variety under different densities were compared. The results showed that, with the increase of the planting density, the total grass yield and total nutrient content of the two varieties showed an increasing trend, and reached the highest value at 75000 plants per hm2. Therefore, the suitable planting density is 75000 plants per hm2.

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  Potassium Sulfate and Potassium Chloride: Effects on the Growth and Yield of Potato SU Riguga, WU Chunyu, LIU Rongyue, SONG Dan, MENG Meilian, CHEN Youjun Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2023, 39 (18): 34-42.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0422 Abstract + (190)    HTML (3)    PDF (1093KB) (24)       Knowledge map    For clarifying the effect of K2SO4 and KCl on the growth and yield of potato (variety ‘Kexin 1’), five fertilization treatments were conducted in this study. The results are as followings. (1) The plant height and stem thickness get their highest levels at the application rate of 353.55 kg/hm2 K2SO4; while the highest plant and the thickest plant stem appear at 600.30 kg/hm2 KCl and 300.15 kg/hm2 KCl, respectively. But all potassium fertilizer treatments have lower plant height and stem thickness than no fertilizer treatment. (2) The application rate of K2SO4 has no significant effect on the numbers of main stems and creeping stems. The number of main stems under KCl application rate of 750.45 kg/hm2 is significantly higher than that of no fertilizer treatment; KCl is more beneficial to the growth of creeping stems at the rates of 600.30 and 750.45 kg/hm2. (3) Potassium fertilizer can inhibit leaf growth at the early growth stage, while promote leaf growth at the middle and late stages, and KCl has a greater effect than K2SO4. (4) Both the two potassium fertilizers can delay the appearance of the maximum dry matter weight of stems and leaves. (5) Compared with K2SO4, KCl could increase tubers per plant and tuber yield per plant, and has a better effect on tuber yield increase. Overall, KCl has greater effects on potato growth and yield than K2SO4.