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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (14): 59-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030076

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响

张新建1, 宁晓光1, 郑桂亮2, 孔凡涛3, 赵秋1()   

  1. 1 天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津 300383
    2 天津市农业发展服务中心,天津 300061
    3 蓟州区林业局,天津 301900
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-19 修回日期:2019-07-16 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 赵秋
  • 作者简介:张新建,男,1983年出生,山东曹县人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事新型肥料和生态农业研究。通信地址:300383 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处 天津市农业资源与环境研究所,Tel:022-27950893,E-mail: zxj_bjfu@hotmail.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目子课题“津郊设施蔬菜主产区面源污染防治技术示范”(2018YFD0800405);天津市农业科学院院长基金项目“浓缩沼液肥用技术研究”(17017);天津市蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目“蔬菜营养与施肥岗位”(ITTVRS2017012)

Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure: Effects on Soil Fertility and Tomato Yield and Quality

Zhang Xinjian1, Ning Xiaoguang1, Zheng Guiliang2, Kong Fantao3, Zhao Qiu1()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin 300383
    2 Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300061
    3 Jizhou District Forestry Administration, Tianjin 301900
  • Received:2019-03-19 Revised:2019-07-16 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-05-20
  • Contact: Zhao Qiu

摘要:

为研究如何通过减少化肥施用量达到合理施肥的问题,通过田间试验,研究不同量有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明,以有机肥替代化肥能显著提高番茄叶片的叶绿素相对含量和叶片氮素含量,促进番茄的生长。随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加,0~20 cm土壤有机质得到明显提升,从26.02 g/kg提升到33.77 g/kg,增幅为30%;硝态氮含量从100%化肥处理的143.68 mg/kg降到100%有机肥处理的116.47 mg/kg;速效钾的含量随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加呈递减的趋势。番茄中的硝酸盐含量与氮素化肥的施用量呈正相关,随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加,果实的硝酸盐含量降低;试验各处理对番茄的Vc没有显著影响。从产量数据看,各处理之间没有显著差异,其中有机肥替代60%化肥的产量最高,因此有机肥替代化肥具有促进植物生长、提高产量的效果。

关键词: 有机肥, 化肥, 番茄, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

The paper aims to study how to achieve rational fertilization by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects on soil fertility and tomato yield and quality under the condition of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could significantly increase the relative leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen of tomato and promote the growth of tomato. With the increase of organic manure application, the organic matter in 0-20 cm soil increased significantly by 30% from 26.02 g/kg to 33.77 g/kg. The content of nitrate nitrogen decreased from 143.68 mg/kg under 100% fertilizer treatment to 116.47 mg/kg under 100% organic manure treatment, and the content of available potassium decreased with the increase of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The nitrate content in tomato was positively correlated with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. With the increase of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer, the nitrate content of tomato decreased, and there was no significant effect on Vc of tomato. As to the tomato yield, there was no significant difference among different treatments, but replacing 60% of chemical fertilizer with organic manure had the highest yield. So, replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve plant growth and increase yield.

Key words: organic manure, chemical fertilizer, tomato, soil fertility

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