增施硅肥对沿海滩涂土壤肥力变化及裸大麦产量、品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0443

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2023年11月—2024年5月在江苏南通沿海滩涂围垦区开展裸大麦种植试验，以‘苏裸麦2号’为试验品种，设置5个不同硅肥施用量处理，即对照(CK，0 kg/hm²)、SiF1(75 kg/hm²)、SiF2(150 kg/hm²)、SiF3(225 kg/hm²)和SiF4(300 kg/hm²)，旨在研究增施不同用量硅肥对沿海滩涂土壤肥力及裸大麦产量、品质的影响。结果表明：（1）与CK相比，SiF1、SiF2、SiF3和SiF4处理下土壤有效磷含量显著提高，分别提高了19.31%、18.99%、23.16%和17.71%(P<0.05)，SiF2、SiF3、SiF4处理还显著提高了土壤可溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量，增幅分别为11.46%和11.61%、11.77%和8.39%、14.21%和9.03%(P<0.05)；增施不同硅肥量处理下土壤总碳、有机碳、微生物量碳、总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮等含量变化均无显著差异(P>0.05)。（2）与CK相比，SiF2处理下沿海滩涂地区裸大麦产量提高了17.02%(P<0.05)，且β-葡聚糖含量增幅最大；产量构成因素中，SiF2和SiF3处理下穗数显著增加，而不同硅肥处理下千粒重、每穗粒数均无显著影响。综上，增施硅肥可改善沿海滩涂土壤肥力，其中150 kg/hm²为适宜施用量，能有效提高滩涂地区裸大麦的产量及β-葡聚糖含量。

关键词: 沿海滩涂, 硅肥, 土壤肥力, 裸大麦, 产量品质

Abstract:

A bare barley planting experiment was carried out from November 2023 to May 2024 in the coastal reclamation area of Nantong, Jiangsu Province to study the effects of different amounts of silicon fertilizer on soil fertility and yield and quality of bare barley, with ‘Suluomai No.2’ as the test variety. Five different silicon fertilizer application rates were set up in the treatment, including CK, SiF1, SiF2, SiF3 and SiF4 (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm²). The results showed that: (1) compared with CK, the soil available phosphorus concentration increased by 19.31%, 18.99%, 23.16% and 17.71% respectively under SiF1, SiF2, SiF3 and SiF4 (P<0.05). The concentrations of soil soluble organic carbon and easily oxidizable organic carbon increased by 11.46% and 11.61%, 11.77% and 8.39%, 14.21% and 9.03%, respectively under SiF2, SiF3, and SiF4 treatments (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in the concentrations of total carbon, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen under different silicon fertilizer application treatments (P>0.05). (2) Compared with CK, the yield of bare barley in the coastal tidal flat area increased by 17.02% under SiF2 treatment (P<0.05), and the β-glucan content of bare barley under SiF2 treatment increased the most. In terms of yield components, the number of spikes increased significantly under SiF2 and SiF3 treatments, while there were no significant changes in thousand-grain weight and the number of grains per spike under different silicon fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, the soil fertility of coastal tidal flat was improved by increasing the application of silicon fertilizer, and the yield and β-glucan content of bare barley in coastal tidal flat area were increased by increasing the appropriate amount of silicon fertilizer (150 kg/hm²).

Key words: coastal tidal flat, silicon fertilizer, soil fertility, bare barley, yield and quality

张蛟, 缪源卿, 张瑞, 韩继军, 陈澎军, 崔士友. 增施硅肥对沿海滩涂土壤肥力变化及裸大麦产量、品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(34): 7-12.

ZHANG Jiao, MIAO Yuanqing, ZHANG Rui, HAN Jijun, CHEN Pengjun, CUI Shiyou. Effects of Increased Application of Silicon Fertilizer on Soil Fertility in Coastal Tidal Flat and Yield and Quality of Bare Barley[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(34): 7-12.

图/表 4

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处理	盐分/ (g/kg)	pH	总碳/ (g/kg)	总氮/ (g/kg)	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	铵态氮/ (mg/kg)	硝态氮/ (mg/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
CK	1.06±0.21a	7.95±0.09a	12.90±0.10a	0.54±0.01a	79.03±6.61a	3.86±0.13a	54.90±8.39a	12.48±1.57b	163.42±3.50a
SiF1	1.08±0.17a	7.87±0.09a	12.87±0.21a	0.54±0.03a	83.93±4.96a	3.40±0.52a	55.63±2.43a	14.89±1.56a	164.95±5.00a
SiF2	1.09±0.18a	7.89±0.10a	13.00±0.46a	0.55±0.04a	79.13±0.70a	3.21±0.78a	59.67±7.52a	14.85±1.42a	165.29±11.01a
SiF3	1.21±0.09a	7.83±0.12a	12.93±0.40a	0.55±0.01a	79.80±1.40a	3.36±0.74a	58.14±0.33a	15.37±3.61a	161.42±6.50a
SiF4	1.23±0.23a	7.81±0.16a	13.03±0.15a	0.56±0.03a	81.80±8.30a	3.29±0.37a	60.19±8.51a	14.69±0.56a	170.15±13.23a

处理	盐分/ (g/kg)	pH	总碳/ (g/kg)	总氮/ (g/kg)	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	铵态氮/ (mg/kg)	硝态氮/ (mg/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
CK	1.06±0.21a	7.95±0.09a	12.90±0.10a	0.54±0.01a	79.03±6.61a	3.86±0.13a	54.90±8.39a	12.48±1.57b	163.42±3.50a
SiF1	1.08±0.17a	7.87±0.09a	12.87±0.21a	0.54±0.03a	83.93±4.96a	3.40±0.52a	55.63±2.43a	14.89±1.56a	164.95±5.00a
SiF2	1.09±0.18a	7.89±0.10a	13.00±0.46a	0.55±0.04a	79.13±0.70a	3.21±0.78a	59.67±7.52a	14.85±1.42a	165.29±11.01a
SiF3	1.21±0.09a	7.83±0.12a	12.93±0.40a	0.55±0.01a	79.80±1.40a	3.36±0.74a	58.14±0.33a	15.37±3.61a	161.42±6.50a
SiF4	1.23±0.23a	7.81±0.16a	13.03±0.15a	0.56±0.03a	81.80±8.30a	3.29±0.37a	60.19±8.51a	14.69±0.56a	170.15±13.23a

处理	SOC/(g/kg)	DOC/(mg/kg)	MBC/(mg/kg)	ROC/(mg/kg)
CK	6.07±0.51a	22.52±1.17b	64.38±3.66a	1.55±0.04b
SiF1	6.31±0.33a	24.22±1.56ab	66.45±4.37a	1.57±0.07b
SiF2	6.30±0.75a	25.10±1.43a	62.17±5.77a	1.73±0.07a
SiF3	6.62±0.15a	25.17±0.73a	61.30±2.61a	1.68±0.03a
SiF4	6.40±0.27a	25.72±0.89a	64.25±3.47a	1.69±0.04a

处理	SOC/(g/kg)	DOC/(mg/kg)	MBC/(mg/kg)	ROC/(mg/kg)
CK	6.07±0.51a	22.52±1.17b	64.38±3.66a	1.55±0.04b
SiF1	6.31±0.33a	24.22±1.56ab	66.45±4.37a	1.57±0.07b
SiF2	6.30±0.75a	25.10±1.43a	62.17±5.77a	1.73±0.07a
SiF3	6.62±0.15a	25.17±0.73a	61.30±2.61a	1.68±0.03a
SiF4	6.40±0.27a	25.72±0.89a	64.25±3.47a	1.69±0.04a

处理	株高/cm	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数/粒	穗长/cm	着粒密度/(粒/cm)	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
CK	99.33±1.70a	543.2±32.4b	26.26±1.25a	6.69±0.21a	3.92±0.07a	36.08±0.21a	6286.3±598.5b
SiF1	99.60±0.87a	580.7±68.6ab	25.49±0.34ab	6.64±0.30a	3.84±0.15a	36.14±0.54a	6426.0±845.5ab
SiF2	98.93±1.92a	646.9±23.5a	25.38±0.53ab	6.50±0.15a	3.90±0.08a	36.10±0.66a	7356.2±900.9a
SiF3	99.87±1.21a	640.6±24.3a	25.03±0.95ab	6.69±0.16a	3.74±0.12a	35.83±0.34a	6125.7±423.8b
SiF4	100.20±2.75a	591.1±37.3ab	24.61±0.69b	6.44±0.04a	3.82±0.11a	36.36±0.43a	5777.7±322.3b