播期、播量对成都平原地区冬小麦群体生长及产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同播期与播量对成都平原地区冬小麦生长及产量的影响，以‘川麦1247’为材料，采用两因素裂区试验设计：主区设5个播期（S1:11月1日，传统播期；S2:11月8日；S3:11月15日；S4:11月22日；S5:11月29日），裂区设2个播量（R1:225 kg/hm²，传统播量；R2:300 kg/hm²），系统研究各处理对小麦生育进程、茎蘖动态、物质积累以及产量的影响。结果表明，较传统播期S1，S2~S5处理小麦全生育期持续缩短4~17 d，主要体现在生殖生长阶段缩短；随播期推迟，小麦茎蘖成穗率较S1持续提高21.87~39.69%；有效穗数、成熟期干物质积累量和产量均随播期推迟呈先升后降趋势，均以S3处理达到最大值，较S1分别提升24.46%、2.40%和15.43%；千粒重则随播期推迟持续降低。增加播量可提高小麦各时期茎蘖数、但降低茎蘖成穗率，S1播期下增加播量导致小麦产量降低，而迟播条件下增加播量可促进产量提升。综合来看，播期推迟缩短小麦生殖生长时间，适当迟播可通过增加小麦有效穗数与干物质积累量提高产量；传统播期下增加播量不利于产量形成，迟播条件下增加播量则有助于产量稳定，本研究为稻茬小麦高产栽培提供技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 播期, 播量, 产量, 生育期, 茎蘖动态, 干物质积累

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on the growth and yield of winter wheat in the Chengdu Plain, a two-factor split-zone experiment was adopted using the wheat variety 'Chuanmai 1247'. The main plots were designed with five sowing dates (S₁: November 1^st, traditional sowing date; S₂: November 8^th; S₃: November 15^th; S₄: November 22^nd; S₅: November 29^th), and the subplots were set with two seeding rates (R₁: 225 kg/hm²，traditional seeding rate; R₂: 300 kg/hm²). The effects of each treatment on wheat growth period, tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield were systematically studied. The results showed that compared with traditional sowing date S₁, the entire growth period of wheat under S₂-S₅ treatments was shortened by 4-17 days, which was mainly reflected in the shortening of the reproductive growth stage. As sowing delayed, the productive tiller percentage increased by 21.87% to 39.69% compared with S₁. The number of effective spikes, dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage, and yield initially increased and subsequently decreased with sowing delayed, and all reached the maximum under S₃ treatment, which increasing by 24.46%, 2.40%, and 15.43% respectively, compared with S₁. However, the thousand-grain weight consistently decreased with sowing delayed. Higher seeding rate (R₂) led to higher tiller numbers of wheat at all growth stages but reduce the productive tiller percentage. Increasing the seeding rate under traditional sowing date (S₁) reduced grain yield. Conversely, increasing the seeding rate under delayed sowing conditions could increased grain yield. In summary, delayed sowing date shortens the reproductive stage of wheat. Delay sowing appropriately (e.g, S₂-S₃) can increase grain yield by increasing the number of effective spikes and dry matter accumulation. Increasing seeding rate under traditional sowing date is detrimental to yield formation, whereas increasing seeding rate under delayed sowing date can stabilize or enhance yield. This study provides technical support for the high-yield cultivation of wheat following rice.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sowing date, seeding rate, grain yield, growth period, tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation

刘思汐, 黄祥庆, 代廷云, 孙加威, 陈慧欢, 高天, 唐雪琴, 杨玉萍, 阎洪. 播期、播量对成都平原地区冬小麦群体生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(2): 32-39.

LIU Sixi, HUANG Xiangqing, DAI Tingyun, SUN Jiawei, CHEN Huihuan, GAO Tian, TANG Xueqin, YANG Yuping, YAN Hong. Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Rate on Population Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Chengdu Plain Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 32-39.

图/表 8

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日期（年.月）	日均温/℃			降水量/mm			日照时数/h
2023.10	18.8	17.5	17.3	32.3	25.6	8.7	7	8.5	22.2
2023.11	17.1	10.7	12.6	16.2	22.5	0	34.8	15.5	35.5
2023.12	10	7.5	6.3	0.5	0	0.1	24.4	18.8	31.4
2024.01	8.9	10.4	4.2	0	1.3	11	32.4	5.9	6.5
2024.02	6.5	11.6	5.7	4.4	2.8	11.2	25.2	50.4	4.7
2024.03	9.3	14.2	16.8	7.2	11.3	36.4	2.5	28.7	54.2
2024.04	17.3	21.2	19.9	38.6	51.6	33.3	15.1	38.5	41.8
2024.05	18.5	22.7	24.2	27.2	18.1	22.3	28.6	46.3	44.8

日期（年.月）	日均温/℃			降水量/mm			日照时数/h
2023.10	18.8	17.5	17.3	32.3	25.6	8.7	7	8.5	22.2
2023.11	17.1	10.7	12.6	16.2	22.5	0	34.8	15.5	35.5
2023.12	10	7.5	6.3	0.5	0	0.1	24.4	18.8	31.4
2024.01	8.9	10.4	4.2	0	1.3	11	32.4	5.9	6.5
2024.02	6.5	11.6	5.7	4.4	2.8	11.2	25.2	50.4	4.7
2024.03	9.3	14.2	16.8	7.2	11.3	36.4	2.5	28.7	54.2
2024.04	17.3	21.2	19.9	38.6	51.6	33.3	15.1	38.5	41.8
2024.05	18.5	22.7	24.2	27.2	18.1	22.3	28.6	46.3	44.8

处理	播期（月.日）	播种量/(kg/hm²)
S1R1	11.1 （传统播期）	225（传统播量）
S1R2	11.1 （传统播期）	300
S2R1	11.8	225
S2R2	11.8	300
S3R1	11.15	225
S3R2	11.15	300
S4R1	11.22	225
S4R2	11.22	300
S5R1	11.29	225
S5R2	11.29	300

处理	播期（月.日）	播种量/(kg/hm²)
S1R1	11.1 （传统播期）	225（传统播量）
S1R2	11.1 （传统播期）	300
S2R1	11.8	225
S2R2	11.8	300
S3R1	11.15	225
S3R2	11.15	300
S4R1	11.22	225
S4R2	11.22	300
S5R1	11.29	225
S5R2	11.29	300

播期	播种	分蘖期	拔节期	开花期	成熟期
S1	11.1	11.26	1.3	3.15	4.24
S2	11.8	12.4	1.11	3.19	4.27
S3	11.15	12.11	1.22	3.22	5.1
S4	11.22	12.27	1.27	3.26	5.3
S5	11.29	1.7	2.6	3.29	5.5