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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (29): 38-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0210

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

矿山开采迹地土壤团聚体稳定性及分形特征研究

郭镒维1(), 张永颖2, 高子航3, 范春梅3()   

  1. 1 云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局, 昆明 650051
    2 云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司, 昆明 650201
    3 云南农业大学水利学院, 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2025-10-22 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 通讯作者:
    范春梅,女,1979年出生,云南嵩明人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:水土保持与水土生态。通信地址:650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学水利学院,Tel:0871-65227762,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郭镒维,男,1984年出生,云南昆明人,高级工程师,学士,研究方向:生产建设项目水土保持。通信地址:650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2196号附1号,Tel:0871-65210000,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“滇东地区露天矿山开采迹地生态修复技术研究”(2023J0448); 云南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目“喀斯特岩溶区露天矿山开采迹地生态修复实验研究”(2023)

Study on Stability and Fractal Characteristics of Soil Aggregates in Mine Spoil Areas

GUO Yiwei1(), ZHANG Yongying2, GAO Zihang3, FAN Chunmei3()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Central Water Diversion Project Construction Administration, Kunming 650051
    2 Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kunming 650201
    3 College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-09-10 Published:2025-10-22 Online:2025-10-22

摘要:

矿山开采迹地的土壤团聚体状况对生态修复措施的选择与配置起到重要作用,本文以滇东露天矿山开采迹地为研究对象,在独石山矿山选取5块典型开采迹地和1块未扰动区域作为对照,采集土壤样品,旨在探明开采迹地土壤团聚体稳定性及其分形维数特征。结果表明:矿山开采活动显著改变了土壤机械团聚体和水稳性团聚体分布;影响了土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量(R>0.25);降低了土壤结构稳定性,开采迹地2个土层的土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)均高于CK采样点,而水稳性团聚体稳定率(WASR)均低于CK采样点,分别增加/降低1.88~28.66个百分点;开采迹地干、湿筛法下土壤团聚体分形维数均随>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量的增加而减少。因此,可通过提高>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量来降低分形维数,进而增加土壤结构稳定性。本研究揭示了矿山开采迹地的土壤团聚体稳定性与分形特征,可为矿山生态修复措施的选择与配置提供理论基础。

关键词: 开采迹地, 土壤团聚体, 稳定性, 分形维数

Abstract:

The condition of soil aggregates within mining-disturbed areas critically determines the selection and design of ecological restoration strategies for mined ecosystems. This study focused on open-pit mining-disturbed sites in eastern Yunnan. Specifically, representative soil samples were systematically collected from five typical mining-disturbed sites and one undisturbed control site at Dushi Mountain Mine, to characterize the stability of soil aggregates and their fractal dimension properties in mining-impacted environments. The results showed that mining operations significantly altered the distribution of mechanical soil aggregates and water-stable aggregates, further influencing key soil aggregate parameters including mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and the proportion of aggregates exceeding 0.25 mm in diameter (R>0.25). These changes led to reduced soil structural stability, evidenced by the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD) in both surface and subsurface layers of the mining-disturbed sites, which were 1.88-28.66 percentage points higher than control (CK) plots. Conversely, the water-stable aggregate stability rate (WASR) in mining areas was consistently lower than that of CK. Notably, under both dry and wet sieve methodologies, the fractal dimension of soil aggregates decreased significantly with increasing content of aggregates >0.25 mm. Therefore, the fractal dimension could be reduced and soil structural stability enhanced by increasing the content of soil aggregates larger than 0.25 mm. This study elucidated the stability and fractal characteristics of soil aggregates in mining-disturbed sites, providing a scientific basis for the selection and configuration of ecological restoration measures in post-mining ecosystems.

Key words: spoil areas, soil aggregates, stability, fractal dimension