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中国农学通报 ›› 2010, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 162-167.

所属专题: 小麦

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏灌区春小麦高产磷肥施用增产效果研究

沈强云1,党根友1,王兆川1,樊明1,代晓华2,魏亦勤1   

  • 收稿日期:2009-11-04 修回日期:2009-12-02 出版日期:2010-03-20 发布日期:2010-03-20

Studies on Phosphorus Yield-Increasing Effect of Spring Wheat for High Yield in Ningxia Irrigation Area

  • Received:2009-11-04 Revised:2009-12-02 Online:2010-03-20 Published:2010-03-20

摘要:

宁夏灌区土壤多为灌淤土和淡灰钙土,磷肥施用受Ca、Mg离子的束缚,易被固定成难溶性磷酸盐,从而影响到作物产量及磷肥当年利用效率。本文在高磷(速效P 42.8mg/kg)和低磷(速效P 6.55mg/kg)的不同土壤上,分别进行了春小麦磷肥(P2O5)施量0–330kg/hm2的回归试验。其结果得出:在低磷土壤上,磷肥(P2O5)施量(x,kg/hm2)与春小麦产量(Y, kg/hm2)的回归方程为:Y=4072.1+5.014x+0.1296x2-0.0003133x3,增产效果极显著;而在高磷土壤上磷肥增产效果不显著。磷肥施量在0—240 kg/hm2的施用范围内,低磷土壤有显著的投入产出效益,试验投入产出效益为10—24元/元(小麦价格2.1元/kg,磷肥P2O5价格8.61元/kg),最高投入产出效益对应的磷肥施量为135 kg/hm2。因此针对宁夏灌区土壤肥力,提出了中低产田春小麦高产的推荐施磷方案以及高肥力土壤条件下小麦磷肥的施肥建议,可结合耕翻深施磷肥或磷肥、有机肥混合施,改善土壤PH值及微生物活性,提高磷肥肥效。

关键词: 木糖醇母液, 木糖醇母液, 分离, 进展

Abstract:

Applying phosphorus was easily bounded by Ca+2 and Mg+2 and formed as insoluble phosphate in Ningxia Irrigation Area because the soil was classed as irrigation-silting soil and/or light sierozem, consequently the crop yield and P Use Effect were influenced greatly. In this paper, experiments were carried on different fields with high phosphorus level(available P, 42.8mg/kg) and low phosphorus level(available P, 6.55mg/kg) by applying phosphorus from 0 to 330kg/hm2 and divided into twelve treatments with 30 kg/hm2 interval. And the experiments were carried with three replication randomized block design. Results showed that phosphorus had a significant yield-increasing effect at low phosphorus field, and regression between P2O5 applying(X, kg/hm2) and yield(Y, kg/hm2) was set up as Y=4072.1+5.014x+0.1296x2-0.0003133x3, but at high phosphorus, the yield-increasing effect was not significant. So suggestions were put forward that Applying phosphorus from 0 to 240kg/hm2 had positive invest effect at low phosphorus level, within this paper, the P investment and produce effect were from 10 to 24 yuan/yuan(The price of wheat, 2.1yuan/kg, of P2O5, 8.61yuan/kg) and the max P investment and produce effect existed at P2O5 applying amount of 135 kg/hm2 . In addition, suggestions were also given to increase P use effect at middle-and-low-yield field and high-yield field according soil fertility in Ningxia Irrigation, such as combined tillage to increase phosphorus applying depth, applying phosphorus with organic manure, modulate PH with acidic fertilizer and increasing microorganism biological activity in soil.