Abstract:

In order to reduce the use of the chemical pesticides, the growth, yield traits, yield and rhizosphere soil environment of wheat were analyzed by using biological and chemical coating formulation in this study. Imidacloprid was used as chemical seed coating formulation (T1), while endogenous Bacillus was used as biological seed coating formulation (T2). The soil enzyme activities and soil physical and chemical properties in the early stage of wheat growth and development were determined, respectively. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in leaves at the flowering stage, photosynthetic parameters at the filling stage, main character indexes and yield of wheat at the maturity stage were investigated. Compared with CK treatment, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, and the soil enzyme activities, such as soil catalase (S-CAT), soil sucrase (S-SC), soil urease (S-UE), and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) of T2 treatment increased significantly, the soil pH and soil organic matter content also increased obviously. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of wheat flag leaves increased by 21.90% and 52.04%, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased by 5.15%. Compared with T1 treatment, the enzyme activities of S-CAT (23.30%), S-UE (31.99%), and S-ACP (38.54%) were significantly enhanced under T2 treatment. In addition, the main characters and yield of wheat under T2 treatment were significantly increased. The wheat yield reached 6.25 t/hm ², increased by 36.00% and 21.12% compared with CK and T1 treatment, respectively. As the main component of the biological coating formulation, endophytic Bacillus can improve the soil environment of wheat to a certain extent, promote the growth and development of wheat, and also increase the filling rate and yield of wheat.

Key words: imidacloprid, endophytic Bacillus, soil enzyme activity, soil environment, yield, green production