Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate and Sweet Corn: Effects on Sugar Content and Agronomic Traits

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0159

Abstract

Abstract:

To elucidate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on sugar content and agronomic traits of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Bailey), a field experiment was conducted with sweet corn variety “Yuntian 8” as the material, and five treatments were set up with nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N/hm². The results showed that, the linear models of the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer application rate and soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content were not significant, only on the 103^rd day after sowing, the reducing sugar content decreased slightly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. The response of ear weight to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate presented an asymptotic growth model. When nitrogen application rate exceeded 100 kg N/hm², the extent of the positive response of ear weight to nitrogen application decreased dramatically. Each increment of 100 kg N/hm² decreased the ear length by 0.29 cm. The linear models of the relationships between nitrogen fertilizer application rate and ear diameter, ear row number and grain number per row were not significant. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rate could decrease bare tip length. Taken together, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rate could not affect sugar content, ear diameter, ear row number and grain number per row of sweet corn, and slightly decrease ear length. However, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rate could significantly increase ear weight and decrease bare tip length.

Key words: sweet corn, nitrogen fertilizer, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, agronomic trait, Erhai watershed

CLC Number:

Ji Zhenxi, Cui Yutao, Chen Haodong, Chen Yuan, Dai Jun, Zhang Biao, Zhou Jun, Li Mei, Chen Youjun, Wang Tao, Hu Xiaokang. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate and Sweet Corn: Effects on Sugar Content and Agronomic Traits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(6): 30-36.

Figures/Tables 3

References 37

[1]	张秀和. 中国甜玉米开发利用现状[J]. 种子世界, 2014,4:4-5.
[2]	史亚兴, 张保民. 鲜食玉米的发展与前景——探索中国甜玉米的北方市场[J]. 蔬菜, 2016(12):1-6.
[3]	中华人民共和国农业部. 2016.全国种植业结构调整规划(2016-2020年)[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-04/28/content_5068722.htm.
[4]	Vitousek P M, Naylor R, Crews T, et al. Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development[J]. Science, 2009,324(5934):1519-1520. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261 URL pmid: 19541981
[5]	巨晓棠, 谷保静. 中国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(4):783-795. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0401 URL
[6]	张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J]. 土壤学报, 2008,45(5):915-924.
[7]	蔡祖聪, 颜晓元, 朱兆良. 立足于解决高投入条件下的氮污染问题[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(1):1-6. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0101 URL
[8]	程杏安, 梁秀兰, 胡美英. 不同施氮量对秋播超甜玉米产量性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011,27(9):291-294.
[9]	高磊, 李余良, 李武, 等. 不同施氮水平对南方甜玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017(05):1215-1224.
[10]	Wu P, Dai Q, Tao Q. Effect of fertilizer rates on the growth, yield, and kernel composition of sweet corn[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1993,24(3-4):237-253.
[11]	王庆祥, 姜艳超, 吕桂兰. 氮、钾肥对甜玉米产量与品质的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2006,( 03):145-146,153.
[12]	赵福成, 景立权, 闫发宝, 等. 施氮量对甜玉米产量、品质和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013,19(01):45-54.
[13]	Rajia V. Effect of nitrogen and plant population on yield and quality of super sweet corn (Zea mays)[J]. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2001,46(2):246-249.
[14]	楚玲, 陆发熹, 刘树基. 氮钾肥配施对赤红壤上甜玉米生长影响的研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 1989,10(3):43-51.
[15]	中华人民共和国农业部. 2002. 中华人民共和国农业行业标准——甜玉米Sweet corn (NY/T 523-2002)[S].
[16]	山西省质量技术监督局. 2016. 山西省地方标准——甜玉米鲜穗质量分级 (DB 14/T 1188-2016)[S].
[17]	税红霞, 何丹, 王秀全, 等. 鲜食甜玉米农艺性状与鲜穗产量的灰色关联度分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2011,24(5):1656-1659.
[18]	Milander J J, Jukic Z, Mason S C, et al. Plant population influence on maize yield components in Croatia and Nebraska[J]. Crop Science, 2016,56(5):2742-2750. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.09.0565 URL
[19]	刘宗华, 汤继华, 卫晓轶, 等. 氮胁迫和正常条件下玉米穗部性状的QTL分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007,40(11):2409-2417.
[20]	刘建超, 米国华, 陈范骏. 两种供氮水平下玉米穗部性状的QTL定位[J]. 玉米科学, 2011,19(2):19-20,25.
[21]	郑祖平, 何川, 李钟, 等. 两种供氮水平下玉米穗长QTL定位分析[J]. 玉米科学, 2005,13(4):102-104.
[22]	Hirel B, Bertin P, Quilleré I, et al. Towards a better understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for nitrogen use efficiency in maize[J]. Plant Physiology, 2001,125(3):1258-1270. doi: 10.1104/pp.125.3.1258 URL pmid: 11244107
[23]	Williams II M M. Reproductive sink of sweet corn in response to plant density and hybrid[J]. HortScience, 2018,53(1):28-32.
[24]	Rangarajan A, Ingall B, Orfanedes M, et al. In-row spacing and cultivar affects ear yield and quality of early-planted sweet corn[J]. HortTechnology, 2002,12(3):410-415. doi: 10.21273/HORTTECH.12.3.410 URL
[25]	Cerrato M E, Blackmer A M. Comparison of models for describing corn yield response to nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1990,82(1):138-143.
[26]	王明泉, 苏俊, 李春霞, 等. 密度和施肥量对玉米品种‘龙单63’农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2014,4(11):1-4.
[27]	李万星, 刘永忠, 曹晋军, 等. 肥料与密度对玉米农艺性状和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011,27(15):194-198.
[28]	Galindo F S, Teixeira Filho M C M, Buzetti S, et al. Maize yield response to nitrogen rates and sources associated with Azospirillum brasilense[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2019,111(4):1985-1997.
[29]	孔玮琳, 薛燕慧, 李进, 等. 不同氮水平下夏玉米夏大豆间作对其农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2018,50(7):116-120.
[30]	何坤辉, 常立国, 李亚楠, 等. 供氮和不供氮条件下玉米穗部性状的QTL定位[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(1):91-100.
[31]	王学奎, 黄见良. 植物组织中可溶性糖含量的测定.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2015: 171-177.
[32]	Archontoulis S V, Miguez F E. Nonlinear regression models and applications in agricultural research[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2015,107(2):786-798. doi: 10.2134/agronj2012.0506 URL
[33]	Szymanek M. Influence of sweet corn harvest date on kernels quality[J]. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 2009,55(1):10-17. doi: 10.17221/RAE URL
[34]	Doehlert D C, Kuo T M, Juvik J A, et al. Characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in sweet corn (sugary-1) endosperms[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1993,118(5):661-666. doi: 10.21273/JASHS.118.5.661 URL
[35]	Freyman S, Kaldy M S, Kozub G C, et al. Spacing and fertilizer studies on sweet corn under irrigation in southern Alberta[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1972,52(6):881-886.
[36]	吴庆丽, 宋成孝, 李辉, 等. 2017年西南鲜食甜玉米区试品种品质分析[J]. 现代农业科技, 2019,22:21-22.
[37]	Zhang X, Davidson E A, Mauzerall D L, et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development[J]. Nature, 2015,528(7580):51-59. doi: 10.1038/nature15743 URL pmid: 26595273