Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quality of Late-sowing Wheat ‘Huaimai 36’ Following Rice

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0001

Abstract

Abstract:

To optimize the nitrogen fertilizer application technology for high-yield, high-quality and efficient cultivation of late-sowing wheat following rice in Huaibei region of Jiangsu Province, the effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality of wheat were analyzed by using ‘Huaimai 36’ as the material. The two-factor split-zone test design was adopted with nitrogen application amount (210, 240 and 270 kg/hm²) as main zones, and nitrogen application ratios at different stages (basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer as 0:3:3:4, 0:4:6:0, 3:1:4:2, 3:2:3:2 and 3:3:3:1) as subzones. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency (NARE) and yield increased first and then declined. Compared with those at the N210 and N270 levels, the NAE, NARE and yield at the N240 level were increased by 10.66% and 14.22%, 8.94% and 13.11%, and 13.94% and 0.89%, respectively. Under the condition of same nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen accumulation amount, NAE, NARE, NPE (nitrogen physiological efficiency), NHI (nitrogen harvest index) and grain yield with different basal and topdressing ratios ranked as 3:1:4:2>3:2:3:2>3:3:3:1>0:3:3:4>0:4:6:0. The maximum increase of yield was 15.22%. The results showed that the heavy application of jointing and booting fertilizer was beneficial to improving the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of late-sowing wheat following rice. The 1000-grain weight and grain quality of late-sowing wheat following rice could be improved by postponing nitrogen application appropriately and applying jointing and booting fertilizers separately. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application pattern for synergistically improving yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality is nitrogen rate of 240 kg/hm² and the dressing ratio of basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer of 3:1:4:2.

Key words: late-sowing wheat following rice, nitrogen application amount, nitrogen planning and management, nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S512.1+1

ZHOU Dongdong, ZHANG Jun, GE Mengjie, LIU Zhonghong, ZHU Xiaohuan, LI Chunyan. Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quality of Late-sowing Wheat ‘Huaimai 36’ Following Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 8

References 31

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月份	平均气温/℃		降水量/mm		日照时数/h
月份	2017—2018年	常年	2017—2018年	常年	2017—2018年	常年
10	15.4	16.5	178.2	47.8	112.8	181.6
11	10	9.7	15.7	40.4	149.1	162.2
12	3.4	3.6	0.9	18.5	154.4	156
1	0.3	1.3	37.4	25.8	101.3	147.1
2	3.2	3.5	16.8	31.8	128.8	142.8
3	10.4	8.1	88.9	44.6	152.1	168.4
4	16.4	14.6	36.7	46.2	193.4	190.9
5	20.4	20.1	181.1	63.8	132.9	213.2
6	25.1	24.2	132.6	133.1	185.4	175.7

月份	平均气温/℃		降水量/mm		日照时数/h
月份	2017—2018年	常年	2017—2018年	常年	2017—2018年	常年
10	15.4	16.5	178.2	47.8	112.8	181.6
11	10	9.7	15.7	40.4	149.1	162.2
12	3.4	3.6	0.9	18.5	154.4	156
1	0.3	1.3	37.4	25.8	101.3	147.1
2	3.2	3.5	16.8	31.8	128.8	142.8
3	10.4	8.1	88.9	44.6	152.1	168.4
4	16.4	14.6	36.7	46.2	193.4	190.9
5	20.4	20.1	181.1	63.8	132.9	213.2
6	25.1	24.2	132.6	133.1	185.4	175.7

施氮量/(kg/hm²)	氮肥运筹	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)	实际产量/(kg/hm²)
210	0:3:3:4	464.25i	34.98g	38.59cd	6267.24j	6058.36h
	0:4:6:0	483.00h	34.31i	36.81h	6100.64k	5875.03i
	3:1:4:2	511.67fg	35.40ef	38.20ef	6919.76h	6575.03e
	3:2:3:2	513.34f	34.22i	38.08f	6688.53i	6375.03fg
	3:3:3:1	510.00fg	34.81gh	37.31g	6623.34i	6275.03g
240	0:3:3:4	508.34fg	35.83bcd	38.94b	7091.99g	6891.70d
	0:4:6:0	503.34g	37.11a	36.93h	6898.31h	6633.37e
	3:1:4:2	556.67bc	35.64de	38.90b	7717.29ab	7558.36a
	3:2:3:2	565.00b	34.61h	38.79bc	7586.05bc	7276.70b
	3:3:3:1	581.67a	33.43j	38.12f	7411.57de	7141.70bc
施氮量/(kg/hm²)	氮肥运筹	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)	实际产量/(kg/hm²)
270	0:3:3:4	513.34f	35.68cde	39.03b	7147.96fg	6808.36d
	0:4:6:0	523.34e	35.95bc	36.42i	6851.58h	6516.70ef
	3:1:4:2	545.00d	36.09b	39.37a	7742.91a	7508.36a
	3:2:3:2	550.00cd	35.28f	38.62cd	7494.74cd	7275.03b
	3:3:3:1	553.34cd	34.13i	38.45de	7261.98ef	7081.70c

施氮量/(kg/hm²)	氮肥运筹	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)	实际产量/(kg/hm²)
210	0:3:3:4	464.25i	34.98g	38.59cd	6267.24j	6058.36h
	0:4:6:0	483.00h	34.31i	36.81h	6100.64k	5875.03i
	3:1:4:2	511.67fg	35.40ef	38.20ef	6919.76h	6575.03e
	3:2:3:2	513.34f	34.22i	38.08f	6688.53i	6375.03fg
	3:3:3:1	510.00fg	34.81gh	37.31g	6623.34i	6275.03g
240	0:3:3:4	508.34fg	35.83bcd	38.94b	7091.99g	6891.70d
	0:4:6:0	503.34g	37.11a	36.93h	6898.31h	6633.37e
	3:1:4:2	556.67bc	35.64de	38.90b	7717.29ab	7558.36a
	3:2:3:2	565.00b	34.61h	38.79bc	7586.05bc	7276.70b
	3:3:3:1	581.67a	33.43j	38.12f	7411.57de	7141.70bc
施氮量/(kg/hm²)	氮肥运筹	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	理论产量/(kg/hm²)	实际产量/(kg/hm²)
270	0:3:3:4	513.34f	35.68cde	39.03b	7147.96fg	6808.36d
	0:4:6:0	523.34e	35.95bc	36.42i	6851.58h	6516.70ef
	3:1:4:2	545.00d	36.09b	39.37a	7742.91a	7508.36a
	3:2:3:2	550.00cd	35.28f	38.62cd	7494.74cd	7275.03b
	3:3:3:1	553.34cd	34.13i	38.45de	7261.98ef	7081.70c

项目	穗数	穗粒数	千粒重	理论产量	实际产量
施氮量	26.45^**	1.13ns	4.81^*	368.21^**	312.74^**
氮肥运筹	14.72^**	2.63ns	21.76^**	115.24^**	91.62^**
施氮量×氮肥运筹	11.69^**	67.62^**	13.42^**	1.16ns	1.40ns