Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Calcium and Magnesium Nutrients and Softness of Flue-cured Tobacco in Jingxi

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0099

Abstract

Abstract:

In the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi, the soil exhibited high calcium and low magnesium levels, along with a relatively high calcium to magnesium ratio. This led to the magnesium deficiency and chlorosis in tobacco leaves and resulted in smooth and rigid symptoms in flue-cured tobacco. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive survey of soil nutrients in the tobacco-planting areas of Huadong and Tongde Township in Jingxi, and generated a spatial distribution map of soil nutrients. To investigate magnesium fertilizer application schemes under different calcium levels, experimental plots with three distinct calcium levels were established: (A: medium calcium, B: medium-high calcium and C: extremely high calcium). Within each plot, four magnesium fertilizer application rates were set up: CK (60 kg/hm²), T₁ (180 kg/hm²), T₂ (300 kg/hm²) and T₃ (420 kg/hm²). The agronomic traits during key growth stages of tobacco, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil at maturity, the calcium and magnesium contents in tobacco plants, and the softness of tobacco leaves were measured. The results showed that the soils in the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi generally presented high calcium and low magnesium levels. The magnesium fertilizer application results indicated that in plots A (suitable calcium) and C (extremely high calcium), the T₃ treatment (420 kg/hm² magnesium fertilizer) significantly increased plant height, leaf number and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco compared with the CK control (60 kg/hm²). There was a significant positive correlation between the magnesium application amounts and the magnesium contents in the leaves and soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the plots A and C, a significant negative correlation with the calcium content in the roots of the plot A, the calcium content in the leaves of the plot B, and the calcium content in the soil of the plot C. Increasing the application of magnesium fertilizer enhanced the magnesium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The T₂ treatment in plots A and C significantly improved the softness of flue-cured tobacco. When the magnesium fertilizer application amount was in the range of 173.58-445.05 kg/hm², the softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves in all three plots reached a soft category, indicating that magnesium fertilizer application could improve the softness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. In conclusion, increasing magnesium fertilizer application can enhance both the magnesium content and softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves, thereby alleviating the smooth and rigid symptoms observed in tobacco leaves. Specifically, when the magnesium fertilizer application amount is 300 kg/hm², the improvement effect of various indicators of flue-cured tobacco is relatively significant. This study provides important soil nutrient data for the improvement of flue-cured tobacco planting in Jingxi and may serve as a scientific reference for tobacco production in other high-calcium regions, which is of great significance for enhancing leaf quality and industrial efficiency.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, soil nutrients, high calcium and low magnesium levels, plant nutrients, softness

ZHOU Xiaofeng, LI Jiaqi, ZHANG Lijun, LIN Haidong, LIN Xiaoxing, LI Xiang, YANG Xiping, HU Yajie. Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Calcium and Magnesium Nutrients and Softness of Flue-cured Tobacco in Jingxi[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 36-43.

Figures/Tables 4

References 21

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地块	时期	处理	株高/cm	茎宽/mm	叶片数/个	最大叶面积/cm²	上部叶 SPAD	中部叶 SPAD	下部叶 SPAD
A	旺长期	CK	93.38±4.20b	30.54±0.40ab	21±1b	1157.14±127.35b	45.13±1.30b	36.81±1.37	31.21±1.41
		T1	96.53±2.57ab	31.05±1.37ab	23±1a	1322.79±84.18ab	48.33±1.02a	38.43±1.32	30.56±3.60
		T2	94.95±3.30ab	31.76±0.95a	22±1b	1396.29±75.17a	48.45±1.00a	36.76±1.21	30.39±1.23
		T3	99.88±3.21a	30.02±0.57b	21±1b	1307.39±97.83ab	48.23±0.75a	37.19±0.89	32.45±0.42
	成熟期	CK	92.43±2.14b	31.46±1.78ab	15±1b	1184.03±77.85	28.43±2.11	23.48±1.41b	19.14±2.17
		T1	99.10±1.56a	32.60±1.04a	16±1ab	1378.24±166.99	28.68±1.22	24.40±1.37b	18.96±1.67
		T2	95.20±5.17ab	30.82±0.36b	17±1a	1254.01±63.27	31.25±1.80	26.90±1.40a	17.91±1.71
		T3	99.38±5.53a	33.08±0.43a	17±1a	1294.50±196.07	32.55±0.57	26.96±1.42a	18.53±3.01
B	旺长期	CK	98.05±1.50b	31.16±0.58	23±1ab	1290.09±98.15	44.09±1.17b	37.89±2.22	33.3±2.70b
		T1	100.66±2.60ab	30.91±1.21	22±1b	1242.81±114.77	44.54±1.36b	38.6±1.56	33.67±1.65ab
		T2	103.83±2.29a	31.27±0.29	23±1a	1357.23±61.51	47.74±1.24a	39.73±1.10	31.44±1.78b
		T3	104.20±3.98a	31.28±0.71	23±1a	1264.18±58.73	47.75±1.76a	39.88±1.05	35.81±1.40a
	成熟期	CK	98.30±4.28	31.84±1.08	16±0b	1192.9±74.28ab	30.36±1.28	24.31±3.22	18.81±1.33b
		T1	99.78±4.00	32.10±1.42	17±1a	1257.1±133.26ab	32.1±1.70	25.31±1.05	20.05±0.96ab
		T2	102.25±2.78	33.37±2.09	18±0a	1298.75±19.73a	31.5±1.49	24.81±1.50	21.61±0.21a
		T3	101.4±2.45	32.51±1.01	16±0b	1112.64±127.77b	31.68±1.22	25.13±1.52	20±0.84b
C	旺长期	CK	77.48±2.57b	27.51±1.83b	20±1bc	1255.98±114.34b	37.74±1.04a	36.98±0.26	32.35±0.88a
		T1	68.95±4.08c	27.69±1.58b	19±1b	1236.37±98.94b	36.35±2.13b	32.84±0.48	31.16±0.86ab
		T2	74.65±3.56bc	28.74±0.50ab	21±1b	1342.16±134.36ab	38.44±0.91a	35.65±1.51	31.39±0.65ab
		T3	86.90±4.50a	30.46±0.78a	24±1a	1446.11±36.88a	37.55±1.47a	35.93±0.57	30.49±1.12b
	成熟期	CK	108.50±0.82	32.14±1.74b	23±2b	1018.18±137.96b	39.60±1.31	31.03±3.20	108.50±0.82
		T1	113.15±8.41	35.07±2.57ab	24±1a	1250.98±267.59a	40.11±0.93	29.34±1.28	113.15±8.41
		T2	113.25±1.31	35.68±1.52a	23±1ab	1209.57±63.85a	41.24±1.45	31.83±1.54	113.25±1.31
		T3	115.85±4.33	34.99±1.71ab	24±1ab	1212.18±199.31a	40.25±2.25	32.16±0.55	115.85±4.33

地块	时期	处理	株高/cm	茎宽/mm	叶片数/个	最大叶面积/cm²	上部叶 SPAD	中部叶 SPAD	下部叶 SPAD
A	旺长期	CK	93.38±4.20b	30.54±0.40ab	21±1b	1157.14±127.35b	45.13±1.30b	36.81±1.37	31.21±1.41
		T1	96.53±2.57ab	31.05±1.37ab	23±1a	1322.79±84.18ab	48.33±1.02a	38.43±1.32	30.56±3.60
		T2	94.95±3.30ab	31.76±0.95a	22±1b	1396.29±75.17a	48.45±1.00a	36.76±1.21	30.39±1.23
		T3	99.88±3.21a	30.02±0.57b	21±1b	1307.39±97.83ab	48.23±0.75a	37.19±0.89	32.45±0.42
	成熟期	CK	92.43±2.14b	31.46±1.78ab	15±1b	1184.03±77.85	28.43±2.11	23.48±1.41b	19.14±2.17
		T1	99.10±1.56a	32.60±1.04a	16±1ab	1378.24±166.99	28.68±1.22	24.40±1.37b	18.96±1.67
		T2	95.20±5.17ab	30.82±0.36b	17±1a	1254.01±63.27	31.25±1.80	26.90±1.40a	17.91±1.71
		T3	99.38±5.53a	33.08±0.43a	17±1a	1294.50±196.07	32.55±0.57	26.96±1.42a	18.53±3.01
B	旺长期	CK	98.05±1.50b	31.16±0.58	23±1ab	1290.09±98.15	44.09±1.17b	37.89±2.22	33.3±2.70b
		T1	100.66±2.60ab	30.91±1.21	22±1b	1242.81±114.77	44.54±1.36b	38.6±1.56	33.67±1.65ab
		T2	103.83±2.29a	31.27±0.29	23±1a	1357.23±61.51	47.74±1.24a	39.73±1.10	31.44±1.78b
		T3	104.20±3.98a	31.28±0.71	23±1a	1264.18±58.73	47.75±1.76a	39.88±1.05	35.81±1.40a
	成熟期	CK	98.30±4.28	31.84±1.08	16±0b	1192.9±74.28ab	30.36±1.28	24.31±3.22	18.81±1.33b
		T1	99.78±4.00	32.10±1.42	17±1a	1257.1±133.26ab	32.1±1.70	25.31±1.05	20.05±0.96ab
		T2	102.25±2.78	33.37±2.09	18±0a	1298.75±19.73a	31.5±1.49	24.81±1.50	21.61±0.21a
		T3	101.4±2.45	32.51±1.01	16±0b	1112.64±127.77b	31.68±1.22	25.13±1.52	20±0.84b
C	旺长期	CK	77.48±2.57b	27.51±1.83b	20±1bc	1255.98±114.34b	37.74±1.04a	36.98±0.26	32.35±0.88a
		T1	68.95±4.08c	27.69±1.58b	19±1b	1236.37±98.94b	36.35±2.13b	32.84±0.48	31.16±0.86ab
		T2	74.65±3.56bc	28.74±0.50ab	21±1b	1342.16±134.36ab	38.44±0.91a	35.65±1.51	31.39±0.65ab
		T3	86.90±4.50a	30.46±0.78a	24±1a	1446.11±36.88a	37.55±1.47a	35.93±0.57	30.49±1.12b
	成熟期	CK	108.50±0.82	32.14±1.74b	23±2b	1018.18±137.96b	39.60±1.31	31.03±3.20	108.50±0.82
		T1	113.15±8.41	35.07±2.57ab	24±1a	1250.98±267.59a	40.11±0.93	29.34±1.28	113.15±8.41
		T2	113.25±1.31	35.68±1.52a	23±1ab	1209.57±63.85a	41.24±1.45	31.83±1.54	113.25±1.31
		T3	115.85±4.33	34.99±1.71ab	24±1ab	1212.18±199.31a	40.25±2.25	32.16±0.55	115.85±4.33

指标	LCa	LMg	RCa	RMg	SOCa	SOMg
A施镁量	0.284	0.587^*	-0.62^*	-0.33	-0.076	0.773^**
B施镁量	-0.872^**	0.556	-0.164	-0.11	0.027	0.492
C施镁量	0.397	0.712^**	0.176	-0.072	-0.877^**	0.661^*

指标	LCa	LMg	RCa	RMg	SOCa	SOMg
A施镁量	0.284	0.587^*	-0.62^*	-0.33	-0.076	0.773^**
B施镁量	-0.872^**	0.556	-0.164	-0.11	0.027	0.492
C施镁量	0.397	0.712^**	0.176	-0.072	-0.877^**	0.661^*