Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.16 Published:05 July 2011

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  Influence of Different Phosphorus Levels on Absorption, Utilization and Partition of N, K on Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings 2011, 27 (16):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 609999KB )   ( 1015 ) To study the effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency to the nutrition efficiency of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K),the hydroponics culture experiments were carried out with the Clone RRIM600 (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings under different P levels (P2O5: 0, 1, 5, 10, 31 mg/L). The results indicated that: the absorption efficiency of N and K of Hevea decreased significantly with the decrease of P level. The N utilization efficiency in stem significantly increased with the decrease of P level. The N utilization efficiency in root and leaf under 10 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 1 mg/L P treatments haven’t significantly difference with the normal level (31 mg/L, CK), but which under the 0 mg/L significantly higher than the CK. The K utilization efficiency in stem significantly increased with the decrease of P level, but which in the leaf and root haven’t significantly variety. Meanwhile, under P deficiency, the partition of N and K of the root were significantly increased to increase the growth of root, thus enhancing the absorption of N and K of Hevea. Furthermore, the P deficiency significantly increased the N/P and K/P, decreased the N/K. It indicated that the P not only the main limiting factor under P deficiency, but also lead to the N/K disorder, induced the relative N deficiency.

  Study on Components and Raw Rubber Performance of Different Strains Rubber Tree 2011, 27 (16):  7-10.  Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 531530KB )   ( 1198 ) In order to benefit at natural rubber for research ,development and utilization, benefit at rubber products material, comply with the strategy of sustainable development route, improve natural rubber products economic benefits, performance of fresh nature rubber latex, properties of raw rubber, vulcanization characteristics of compounded rubber and the properties of physical and mechanical vulcanized rubber about Reyan RRIM600, Reyan 7-20-59, Reyan 88-13, Reyan 7-33-97, PR107 and Reyan 8-79 strains of 6 kinds of rubber tree were studied. The results showed that chemical ingredient of natural rubber latex, properties of raw rubber different of strain were diversity; dry rubber content and impurity content of Reyan 8-79 were highest; ashes content and acetone solute of Reyan 7-20-59 were highest; vulcanized rubber of Reyan 8-79 and Reyan 7-33-97 had a longest vulcanizing time, while Reyan 88-13 was shortest; physical and mechanical vulcanized rubber of Reyan RRIM600 were best.

  Pathogen Identification for Heart-rot of Acacia mangium in the Initial Stage 2011, 27 (16):  11-16.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 1637190KB )   ( 1208 ) In order to clarify the pathogen species of heart rot of Acacia mangium in the initial stage and provide the basis for the early diagnosis and prevention of the disease, the author collected 36 diseased samples from asymptomatic 6-year-old living tree of Acacia mangium from a stand at Longyandong forest farm in Guangdong Province, from which 3 species of basidiacota fungi were isolated. The pathogenicity of 3 basidiacota fungi was tested through inoculation them to 1-year-old branch on 6-year-old living tree in field and the wood block of Acacia mangium in culture dish. The results showed that the pith of branches macerated and turn brown and the average infective depth of these 3 basidiacota fungi were 5.0 cm, 2.4 cm, 7.0 cm 20 days after inoculation, and the wood weight loss were 25.88%, 31.48%, 21.02%, respectively 61 days after inoculation at 25℃. 3 basidiacota fungi were amplified by PCR technique with universal primers of fungi, and the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of their ribosomal DNA were further compared with that in GenBank. Combined with their cultural characteristics, the 3 pathogenic fungi were Phanerochaete avllanea, Peniophora aurantiaca, and Phlebia brevispora. The conclusion was that: Phanerochaete avllanea, Peniophora aurantiaca, and Phlebia brevispora, all of them had capacities to infect the healthy branch of live tree and decay the wood blocks, and they were pathogens of heart rot of Acacia mangium in the initial stage.

  Comparison of Acidity in Hydroponic Cultivation for Chinese Fir with Different Calcium Levels under Phosphorus Stress 2011, 27 (16):  17-21.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 712131KB )   ( 956 ) By determining and comparing of the acidity value in hydroponic cultivation for Chinese fir under phosphorus stress, hydroponics was adopted to study effects of calcium to strengthen on the adaptability of Chinese fir with 6 different calcium levels treatments. The results showed that: the change law was that the acidity increased first but then decreased slowly during phosphorus stress. Compared with the treatments of Ⅳ (2.0 mmol/L), Ⅴ (1.0 mmol/L) and Ⅵ (0 mmol/L), quantity of root acid exudation markedly increased in the treatments Ⅰ (7.0 mmol/L), Ⅱ (5.0 mmol/L) and Ⅲ (3.0 mmol/L) with higher calcium levels, which could strengthen the root vigor of Chinese fir to resist environmental phosphorus stress.

  Seed Germination and Seedling Culture of Picea mongolica 2011, 27 (16):  22-26.  Abstract + ( 1244 )   PDF ( 721662KB )   ( 1165 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for extension in arid area and seedling regeneration in plantation of Picea mongolica that as one of the first choice for afforestation in sandy area, the author produced experimental study about germination mechanism of seeds of Picea mongolica. Seed germination characteristics of Picea mongolica were examined from aspects including temperature, seed-covered sand thickness, NaCl stress, seed imbibitions and treating methods. The results indicated that: (1) The optimal temperature for the seeds to germinate was 15~25℃. The temperature was lower 5℃, the seeds could not germinate, and the germination rate was higher when the temperature was over 35℃, but seedling length had been strongly bad influenced; (2) Salt tolerance of seed was lower, when the NaCl solution density exceeded 0.6％, germination rate would decreased; (3) At the start of imbibitions, the water content of seed increased fast, and relative amount decreased gradually with the time passed, at a certain time, the water content of seed was stable; (4) The optimal seed-covered sand thickness was 0.5-0.75 cm, but when the seed-covered sand thickness was more than 1 cm seedling emergence from the seeds was inhibited; (5) Seed of Picea mongolica was planted after three methods disposed, the result showed that germination rate of stratification treatment on the seed germination was most, water treatment was medium, and 60℃ water treatment was weak. In a word, the artificial breeding was suitable by dealing with sand on seeds, temperature in 15-25℃ and salinity of soil less than 0.6%, without covering soil and rather covering thick soil both went against for germination of seeds of Picea mongolica.Keywords: Picea mongolica; temperature; salt tolerance; germination

  Cultivation Effect and Evaluation of Melia azedarach in Different Container Nursery Substrate 2011, 27 (16):  27-31.  Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 706837KB )   ( 1038 ) To study the suitable seeding container substrate in Melia azedarach cultivation, pearlite and vermiculite were mixed in peat. Effect of different container nursery substrate and on emergence and growth of Melia azedarach seeding were studied. Besides, we valuated the nursery effect of different container substrate by factor analysis method. Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were significant lower in T3 (Vpeat:Vpearlite=1:1) and T5(Vpeat:Vvermiculite= 2:1). However, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were highest in T4 (Vpeat:Vvermiculite= 3:1) of all the treatments. Melia azedarach emergence rate of T1 (Vpeat:Vpearlite=3:1) and T2 (Vpeat:Vpearlite=2:1) was significant higher than other treatments being 97.9%. However, Melia azedarach emergence rate of T3, T5 and T7 (Vpeat:Vvermiculite:Vpearlite=6:1:1) was significant lower being 88.7%、85.4% and 85.4%, respectively. Seedling height, and ground diameter of Melia azedarach in T2, T6 (Vpeat:Vvermiculite=1:1) and T7 were higher than other treatments. While in T5, seedling height, and ground diameter were lowest. Biomass of Melia azedarach in T6 was highest in all of the treatments, while in T3 and T5, it was lowest. Index of Melia azedarach growth and emergence in different treatments were not coincident. Factor analysis method was suitable for valuation on the nursery effect. Factor analysis about emergence, seedling height, ground diameter and biomass of Melia azedarach were made in this article. Result showed that T6 was the best compound substrate for Melia azedarach cultivation, next came T7 and T4, while T3 was the worst in all the treatments.

  Study on Several Factors of Influencing Survival Rate of Stem Cutting of Pine Hybrids 2011, 27 (16):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 555662KB )   ( 1048 ) New pine hybrids with female parent Pinus elliottii or P. taeda and male parent P. caribaea are popular and their planting area is keeping a rapid growth in recent years. While the cost for hybrid seed production is expensive and the hybrid seedling shortage is increasingly conspicuous. Stem cutting is the important way to solve the problem. In this paper several factors of influencing rooting ability of stem cutting of pine hybrids were systematically studied based on cutting experience recent years. The results showed that the age of donor tree significantly affected the rooting ability, and the survival rate was over 77% for 1~3 years old donor trees, while 45% for 5-year-old trees. The genotype of cuttings was a significant factor of influencing survival rate. Paternal effect was important and the survival rate was different among crosses. Substance and plant growth regulators (GGR) significantly influenced the survival rate, too. The survival rate was higher with the medium perlite, sand or loess only than that with the medium of their mixture, and the GGR with lower concentration was better for cutting’s rooting.

  Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Group of the Fruit and Seed Traits of Xanthoceras sorbifolia 2011, 27 (16):  36-40.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 620976KB )   ( 1171 ) The quantity and quality traits of seed, grain weight as well as oil and fatty acids content were investigated to research on the fruit and seed difference of different group of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. The result demonstrated that number of mature fruit, fruit dried weight, number of seed and grain weight showed significant difference, while 7# group was better than the other groups and the corresponding valve was 8.9±0.4, (39.40±0.8) g, (323.5±0.5) and (809.1±9.5) g, respectively. The oil and fatty acids contents of different group also showed difference and 7# group had higher oil content and fatty acids content of carbon number ≤18, which was (59.27±0.42)% and 87.75%, respectively.

  Studies on Change of N, P, K Contents of Salix matsudana Koidz Branch in Budding Early Spring 2011, 27 (16):  41-45.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 585830KB )   ( 1082 ) The study on the change law in N, P, K contents of early spring Salix matsudana Koidz branches is to judge the quality of nutritional status of dormant buds in germination. The experiment takes Salix matsudana Koidz 1-4 year-old branches as materials to study the change in water content and N, P, K content of branches from April 1 to 28. The results showed that: the water content of 1-3 year old branches increased significantly with time, the average rate of increase being more than 29% while that of 4-year-old branches was stable, the rate of increase being only 2.93%; the nitrogen content of branches increased at first and then decreased; the nitrogen contents differed greatly among branches of varied ages prior to April 21 while there was a slight difference in nitrogen content among 2-4 year-old branches before the 28th, which was lower than that of 1-year-old branches. The Phosphorus content differed significantly among the 4 treatments from the 1st to the 7th while that of 2-4 year-old branches differed slightly; On April 1, the potassium content among different treatments differed significantly. And they changed greatly and less regularly in the later stage. Comprehensive analysis showed that the water content and N,P,K content of branches increased with the strengthening life activities of trees, but the foliar P and K content decreased significantly after germination.

  The Relationship of Vegetation Greenness Period and Climate Precipitation Change in the North-South Transect of Eastern China 2011, 27 (16):  46-51.  Abstract + ( 1447 )   PDF ( 1070650KB )   ( 1083 ) In order to explore additional distribution patterns of global change to terrestrial ecosystems, phenology refers to seasonal biological life stages driven by environmental factors, and is considered to be a sensitive and precise indicator of climate change. Therefore, the author developed a ‘bottom-up’ method for first determining the phenological growing season at sample stations, and based on NOAA/AVVHRR, meteorological data, ground phonology observation data, vegetation category data, and so on. The author built a Logistic fitting model on cumulative frequency of NDVI to determine length of greenness period since 1982, then analyzed correlation between NDVI and precipitation, primarily revealed the dynamic mechanism of climate on vegetation. The spatial pattern of average turning green and wilting dates of the growing season correlated significantly with the spatial pattern of average temperatures in spring and winter across the north south transect of eastern China during 1982 to 2003; the growing season extended on average by 5 to 8 days . Temperate desert regions had the trend of increase of desertification.

  Effects of Different Canopy Closure on Photosynthetic Diurnal Variation of Tea in Forest-tea Compound Model 2011, 27 (16):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 740860KB )   ( 1025 ) The production and quality of tea were very close to growing environment, in order to clarify the effects of different canopy closure on photosynthetic diurnal variation of tea in forest-tea compound model, this study by using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, the effects of different canopy closure, 0.3(T1), 0.6(T2) and 0.9(T3), on photosynthetic diurnal variations of tea plants in Koelreuteria paniculata-Camellia sinensis compound systems were studied, with pure tea garden as the control. The results were as follows: with canopy density increased, daily mean value and difference value of radiation (PAR)，leaf temperature (Tl) had a descending trend, diurnal variation showed single peak curve. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased with canopy closure increased and showed double-peak curve. Contrary to T2 and T3, stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) were inhibited obviously and showed double-peak curve under CK and T1 treatment.

  Screening of the Multi-strains to Produce Cell Protein Feeds from Oil-tea Camellia Cake 2011, 27 (16):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 644501KB )   ( 1249 ) The research aim to select strains producing high quality protein feedstuff in oil-tea Camellia cake as raw material. The strain of Aspergilluse niger was selected to be an indicator strain through the dot-in-oculating method. The optimum multi-strains ratio of fermenting multi-strains was selected according to the results from the stimulating circle experiment as well as fermentation experiment in the flask. The protein content of fermen-ring product under this fermentation condition could reach 16.94%, which was 56.56% higher than the control of 10.82%. Then the optimum multi-strains ratio of fermenting multi-strains was Bacillus licheniformis10181︰Aspergilluse niger︰Saccharomyces uvarum1445︰Aspergilluse niger=1︰1︰1︰1.

  Analysis of Lycium chinense Variety Revealed by RAMP-PCR Method 2011, 27 (16):  61-64.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 1136379KB )   ( 899 ) To develop valid methods of DNA extraction for Chinese wolfberry for RAMP analysis and research. The result showed that: ten primers were applied to amplification. A total of 87 DNA bands were detected. 53 bands among which were polymorphic. The rate of polymorphic bands was 33.3%-81.9%. 10 Chinese wolfberry cultivars genetic distances were from 0.1111 to 0.8333. In the study, the RAMP markers can be used for the studies of fingerprint of Chinese wolfberry sensitively.

  Preliminary Observation on the Introduction and Breeding of Chinese Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnnoides) in Subtropical Low Altitude Areas of China 2011, 27 (16):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 625948KB )   ( 1271 ) Chinese sea buckthorn is an important tree species for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems around China’s arid zones. In order to provide references for introducing Chinese sea buckthorn from the north to the south of China, by breeding introduction and setting two trial sites and burial depth, the survival rate and influence mechanism were analyzed by fixed effect model testing. Topographic factors and burial depth produced effects on survival rate by reconfiguring of different environmental factors. The survival rate of shallowly buried seedlings was larger than that of deeply buried ones. Although the survival rate decreased from more than 60% at the early growth season to 14%-25% at the end of growing season, there were some plant individuals of Chinese sea buckthorn survived.

  Four Types of Green Space in Urban on the Reduction of Heat Island Effect 2011, 27 (16):  70-74.  Abstract + ( 1696 )   PDF ( 555523KB )   ( 2057 ) This paper studied four types of green space in urban on the reduction of heat island effect. The authors selected four typical types of green space and their adjacent bare plot in changsha city to carry out field observations of temperature, humidity and obtained data. By statistical analysis, the results showed that: different types of green space had different effects to reduce the urban heat island; cooling effect and humidifying effect were showed that: the arbor forests’ was higher than arbor-shrubberys’ than thicket’s than grasslands’. Temperature changing index of arbor forest, arbor-shrubbery, thicket, and grassland were 7.32, 6.59, 5.33 and 4.10. Humidity changing index were 16.87, 13.23, 9.42, 7.61 in order. The conclusion showed that: different types of green space, because their internal structure and the vertical structure were different, it was different to reduce the urban heat island intensity, the capability reducing heat island effect on four types of green space in changsha was the arbor forests>arbor-shrubbery>thicket>grassland; Changsha should increase construction area of the arbor forests and arbor-shrubbery, to reduce construction area of thicket and grassland for reduction of the urban heat island effect in building green space.

  Advances in Research on Male Sterility of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissma Blume) 2011, 27 (16):  75-78.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 531412KB )   ( 1135 ) This paper reviewed male sterility of Castanea mollissima from cytological research, the relationships between male sterility and physiological & biochemical factors, the relationships between programmed cell death (PCD) and short-catkin chestnut, and gene mapping and cloning, and so on. According to the present research situation, this paper put forward some questions exist in the field and research emphasis of male sterility of Castanea mollissima in the future.

  Analysis on the Genetic Relationship of Acer trialum L. and Acer buergerianum Miq. by AFLP 2011, 27 (16):  79-83.  Abstract + ( 1333 )   PDF ( 935379KB )   ( 1002 ) In order to make clear the taxonomic status of Acer trialum L. in Acer genus, the genetic relationship between Acer trialum L. and Acer buergerianum Miq. was studied based on AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique. A tree diagram was constructed using UPGMA method. The results showed that 202 bands were amplified with 8 primer pairs. Among them, 99 bands were polymorphic (49.01%). The result showed that AFLP could be used to analyze genetic relationship between Acer trialum L. and Acer buergerianum Miq.. Cluster analysis showed that Acer trialum L. and Acer buergerianum Miq. were divided into 2 different groups, respectively. According to the results, Acer trialum L. was a new specie of the genus of Acer by AFLP molecular evidence.

  Studies on the Technology of Proliferation and Rooting Integration with Aseptic Seedlings in Three Species 2011, 27 (16):  84-88.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 584746KB )   ( 972 ) Under conventional culture conditions ((25±3)℃, relative humidity 60%-70%, 1500-2000 lx for 10-12 h/d), aseptic buds or leaves from the plants of Aloe vera var. chinensis, Pelargonium citrosum vanleenii and triploid Populus tomentosa were respectively used to research the technology of proliferation and rooting integration. The results showed that: after 50 d when aseptic buds of Aloe vera var. chinensis were transferred in MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L+ AC 0.1%, the average number of differentiated buds reached 3.4 and the rooting rate reached 100% with 6.1 roots which were sturdy, long and yellow-white and 52.0 cm length of all roots per plant. After 45 d transferred in MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L + AC 0.05%, aseptic buds of Pelargonium citrosum vanleenii proliferated most fastest with the average number of differentiated buds reaching 10.2, and the rooting rate amounted to 100% with dark-green leaves. After 55 d when aseptic leaves of triploid Populus tomentosa were transferred in MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + KT 0.4 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L + Ad 25.0 mg/L + AC 0.05%, differentiated buds arrived at an average of 8.6 and the rooting rate achieved 92% with more and longer, light-white roots.

  Comparison of Resistance in Seed Germination to Lower Temperature for Different Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars 2011, 27 (16):  89-93.  Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 727680KB )   ( 1001 ) Lower temperature stress is an ordinary natural occurrence during flue-cured tobacco seedling breeding. There is different resistance to lower temperature stress for different tobacco cultivars, but less tested evidence was available now. Five main cultivated flue-cured tobacco species ‘Yunyan 85’, ‘Yunyan 87’, ‘K326’, ‘Hongda’ and ‘Yunyan 97’ were selected as experimental material to compare the resistance in seed germination to lower temperature between flue-cured tobacco cultivars and to supply reference to selection and distribution of flue-cured tobacco species. Results showed that seeds of five cultivars could germinate in 5 days under normal temperature (25℃), but there were 1-2 days difference in time reaching maximum germination rate and ‘Yunyan 97’ was the last one. The germination potential, standard germination rate and germination index of five tobacco cultivars declined with environmental temperature decreasing. According to comprehensive comparison in germinating parameters of five cultivars, resistance to lower temperature of ‘Yunyan 97’ was weakest, and there was no obvious difference in resistance to lower temperature between other four cultivars. Lower temperature would constrain the germination rate and prolong seedling breeding, however under 10℃-25℃ environmental temperature, 95% final germination rate could be reached in 30 days.

  Genetic Variation Analyze of Seven Yield Traits of F2:3 Family in Tobacco 2011, 27 (16):  94-98.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 963345KB )   ( 1158 ) Using a population with 127 F2:3 individuals from the cross ‘Taiyan7’ and ‘Burley 21’ to analysis seven yield traits by genetic statistics: plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, branch number, growth duration and leaf angle in two locations, Fuzhou and Longyan, respectively. The results revealed that obvious segregations exist among almost traits of F2:3 families, which showed typical quantitative characteristics in nature under the two environments. Almost all traits showed normal distributions which reflected these F2:3 families were suitable for QTL mapping. Various differences showed in each trait of the F2:3 families, the CV of branch number were the largest while the leaf length and growth duration was opposed, which indicated that they were greatly influenced by the environment. According to the correlation analyze of yield traits from F2:3 population under the two environments, 13 pairs of traits were extremely significant correlations among 21 pairs, while the correlation coefficient of almost traits were more than 0.3, which showed the main yield traits of F2:3 groups has a complex correlation.

  Tissue Culture of Pellionia repons (Lour.) Merr. Yu Xu-Dong 2011, 27 (16):  99-103.  Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 1725387KB )   ( 1180 ) The stem segment of Pellionia repons (Lour.) Merr. was used as explants to study the effect of surface sterilization methods and hormone combinations on callus induction, adventitious shoots and plantlet rooting. The best sterilization method was that the explants were surface sterilized with 70% alcohol for 15 s and rinsed one time with sterile water, disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 6 min and rinsed one time, and then soaked in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 6 min and rinsed four times. Optimal media appeared to be: MS+3.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA for callus induction, MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA for shoot induction and multiplication, and MS+0.3 mg/L NAA for rooting. The survival rate of plants after transplanted to glasshouse was 91% and the plants grew well.

  GC-MS Analysis of Cymbidium ensifolium Volatile Components 2011, 27 (16):  104-109.  Abstract + ( 1695 )   PDF ( 630775KB )   ( 1410 ) For providing the bases and establishing the foundation for the analysis of the aroma components of Chinese orchid to research the aroma components of Cymbidium ensifolium. The aroma components of Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Xiao Tao Hong’ were detected by SPME/GC-MS. The suitable condition was gained that was optimized pretreatment of the sample by orthogonal design of experiment and the analysis of range. The optimized condition of pretreatment sample involved weight of fresh flower was 0.6 g, extraction time was 60 min, handle scale was 4 cm and desorption temperature was 250℃.The condition was used in the research for obtaining the credible statistics. There were 35 kinds of components was identified in total and the relative contents was 99.499%. The ester material was the most, about 83.155%, and it was believed that the ester material was the main matter of Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Xiao Tao Hong’. The others were alcohols 10.710%, silane 1.944%, terpenes 1.713%, acids 1.659% and keton 0.319%. The consequences indicated that the major components were Methyl jasmonate (21.563%); Methyl epijasmonate (19.628%) and farnesol (10.710%).

  Researches on Conventional Breeding Technology of Capparis Masaikai Levl, a Sweet-protein Producing Plant in China 2011, 27 (16):  110-115.  Abstract + ( 1394 )   PDF ( 2233777KB )   ( 1001 ) The objective is establishing the foundation for Capparis masakai ex-situ protection, propagation and utilization effectively by studying on the methods of seed breeding and layering. The facts of the seed pretreatment, seed storage, seed sowing and the different hormones, hot-water, and substrates on seed germination have been studied. At the same time, the technologies of common layering and air layering were also researched. The results showed that the seeds of Capparis masaikai belong to moderate recalcitrant ones, which lost their activity after about 72 days leaving mother plants. The dry seeds partly lowest or completely lost their activity drying in the sun or by oven, respectively. However, the seeds in nature conditions have high activity. The best sowing method was that the fresh seeds are sown on the substrate (red loam:coconut residuum=1:1) in November or December. The seeds are cracked or pretreated with hormones could improve germination rate, and the best hormone was 10 mg/L GA3 which made seeds germinate at least 5 days in advance. Seeds soaked into hot-water above 65℃ under 100℃ 4 hours also could increase germinate rate. The better layering method is air layering. The research has found out the better methods for seed and branch propagation of Capparis Masaikai, and it is useful for the plant ex-situ protection and small-scale propagation.

  The Influence of Acid Rain on the Growth and Physiological Metabolism of Two Turf Grasses 2011, 27 (16):  116-121.  Abstract + ( 1858 )   PDF ( 769307KB )   ( 1188 ) For the sake of understanding acid rain influence of the pollution upon the turfgrass growth, With the material of Fescue arundinacea and Lolium perenne, this paper studied on the physiological characteristics of turf grass under different pH values of simulated acid rain. It measured indicators like fresh weight, chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, MDA and electric conductivity. The result indicated that, under conditions of high acidity and long period of time, the fresh weight of Fescue arundinacea and Lolium perenne, and chlorophyll content entirely showed a reduced trend, while the contents of SOD and POD first rose and then fell down. The pH value of acid rain decreased, there was an increasing trend of MDA and electric conductivity.

  Comparative Analysis of Different Leaf Age of Saxifrage Based on Photosynthetic Characters and Leaf Structure 2011, 27 (16):  122-125.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 664756KB )   ( 1096 ) In order to discovery the photosynthetic mechanism of shade plants to through light and heat stress. This paper studied the photosynthetic physiology and structure of spring leaves and autumn leaves leaf of saxifrage late in October with LI-6400 photosynthesis system and paraffin section method. The results showed that, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance of spring leaves were significantly lower than autumn leaves, and reduce of photosynthetic rate limited by stomatal factor. Spring leaves compensation point was 14.3 μmol photons/(m2?s), and light saturation point was 346 μmol photons/(m2?s) by Pn-PAR curves, indicating that spring leaves had better tolerance on high light. Anatomical structures showed that the spring leaves had a significant increase in the meat tissue, but the palisade lower than the autumn, which confirmed the consistency of morphological structure and physiological of saxifrage leaves.

  Research on Comparison in Different Straw and Stalk Substrates Work on the Growth of Oyster Mushroom 2011, 27 (16):  126-131.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 629980KB )   ( 1288 ) In order to know the dissimilar result of using several straw and stalk substrates to plant oyster mushroom and to convenient for adjusting measures to local conditions in yielding mushroom, so the tests were set up especially. Twelve kinds of straw and stalk substrates were put up to plant oyster mushroom, observe and memorize in every period. Results showed that the growth speed, the way corp was growing, the yield for the first time of the oyster mushroom’s mycelial present remarkable difference. According as the ingredients of the different substrates, there were several aspect characteristics in the tests: First, when the range of C/N was from 20 to 50, and that the ratio between the disolubility glucide and the gross fibrin in the substrate was near the 1, the mycelial’s growth was the best, the yield for the first time was the highest; Second, when the range of C/N was from 20 to 50, but the ratio between the disolubility glucide and the gross fibrin in the substrate was higher than 1.5, the way corp was growing of the mycelial was worse, the mushroom in small was easy to die; Third, when the ratio between the disolubility glucide and the gross fibrin in the substrate was near the 1, but the range of C/N was more higher than 50, the growth of the mycelial was slow, the way corp was growing was worse, the yield for the first time was lower. Because the ingredients of straw bale work on the growth of oyster mushroom, the straw and stalk substrate must be adjusted before using it to plant oyster mushroom.

  The DNA Fingerprint Analysis and Identification of Pleurotus ferula 2011, 27 (16):  132-135.  Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 1675491KB )   ( 1245 ) To stop the strains confusion for the timely, the DNA fingerprint analysis was used in the study of 11 strains of Pleurotus ferula which popular culture in the country. We mainly used RAPD, ISSR, SRAP polymorphism analysis method, and the 8 primers of RAPD, ISSR, SRAP which We screened produced 116 band-types of DNA fragments, and cluster analysis lastly. The results showed that all strains could be clustered into four groups, ClassⅠ: Pl. f 0007; ClassⅡ: Pl. f 0002; ClassⅢ: Pl. f 0003; ClassⅣ: The remaining 8 strains. The study not only provides the evidence for the foundation of the core collections of Pleurotus ferula and the scientific preservation of resources, but also lays a foundation for regulating the production of Pleurotus ferula.

  Study on pepper inbred lines′ relationship based on RAPD technique and morphological clustering 2011, 27 (16):  136-141.  Abstract + ( 1626 )   PDF ( 1280571KB )   ( 1001 ) To more accurately determine the relationships between pepper parents and improve the pepper breeding efficiency, 60 pepper inbred lines were used to analyze genomic polymorphism by RAPD and morphological clustering. The results of morphological clustering with molecular identification were compared too. The results showed: (1) 60 pepper inbred lines were classified into five groups at the genetic distance level of 4.8 that were calculated by 12 agronomic quantitative traits. (2) 60 pepper inbred lines were classified into three groups at the genetic distance level of D 0.35 that were calculated by RAPD. (3) The results of the morphological clustering and molecular identification by RAPD were similarly, and the correlation index was 0.26, significant. All in all, the two methods could be combined to study the relationships between pepper parents. It could improve the accurately of genetic similarity.

  Effects of ALA on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Squash Seedlings under Chilling Stress 2011, 27 (16):  142-145.  Abstract + ( 1535 )   PDF ( 572780KB )   ( 1123 ) In order to utility ALA in summer squash, we need a better understanding of the mechanism of ALA to photosynthetic and physiological characteristic of summer squash. Using ‘Zaoqingyidai’ as experiment material, an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of summer squash seedlings under chilling stress. The results were as follows: Under chilling stress，the chlorophyll contents decreased, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), leaf area and dry matter of per seedling decreased greatly. ALA of 60 mg/L could relieve the effects of chilling on summer squash seedlings by increasing chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, the leaf area and dry matter with 29.96%, 52.96%, 39.80% and 43.75% respectively. Because of increasing the chlorophyll contents and decreasing nonstomatal limitation effects, ALA of 60 mg/L could relieve some of the effects of chilling stress on summer squash seedlings.

  The Clone of ClpP Relating to Virescent Mutant in Cucumber and the Construction of Plant Expression Vector 2011, 27 (16):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 1820690KB )   ( 1047 ) In order to obtain the cDNA of ClpP gene and analyze the relationships between ClpP gene and virescent mutation of cucumber, the total RNA was extracted from virescent mutational buds of cucumber by TRNzol method. The total RNA was used as template to synthesis the first chain of cDNA by reverse transcription approach. One pair of primers was designed and synthesized to amplify an aim fragment according to relatively ClpP gene sequence. The aim fragment was inserted to a plant expression vector after sequenced. The complete cDNA sequence was gain and submited to NCBI database, which length is 495 bp and encode 158 aa. The predicted protein is about41.00356 Kda, and its isoelectric point is about 5.22. It without signal peptide but included a S14_ClpP_2 conservative structure domain. The amino acids sequence of Clp protease and the amino acids sequence of Clp protease of buttercup family have a high homology. A plant expression vector pBI121-ClpP which has a CaMV 35S prompte was also successfully constructed in this essay. The results demonstrated the ClpP gene exsited in cucumber, and ClpP gene was cloned in cucumber firstly and its whole sequence was got.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of CmNAC Gene Fragments in Cucurbita moschata 2011, 27 (16):  151-155.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 705592KB )   ( 1579 ) NAC transcription factors that are unique to plants are the new type transcription regulatory factors with multiple biological functions. Their family proteins contain a conserved amino acid sequence in N-terminal ends and highly different transcription regulatory domain in C terminal ends. In this experiment, a pair of degenerate primers was designed based on the conserved sequences of NAC gene from Brassica napus, tomato and Chili. NAC transcription factor gene fragment about 440 bp was amplified by RT-PCR from Cucurbita moschata leaves and cloned into pMD-19T vector, then the recombinant clones were sequenced. The sequences of nucleic acid and amino acid were analyzed using BLAST and DNAMAN software. The results showed that NAC transcription factor gene gained from Cucurbita moschata included 442 bp, encoding 147 amino acids, which named CmNAC. The NAC gene fragments contain a conserved region like other plant NAC genes and belong to the NAC family ATAF1/2 subfamily.

  Effects of Wood Vinegar on the Growth of Vegetables in Several Types 2011, 27 (16):  156-159.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 579674KB )   ( 1065 ) Tomatoes, peppers, cabbages, cucumbers and radishes were planted in the greenhouse. This protected ground experiment was conducted to study the effects of wood vinegar on output, root length and plant height of vegetables. The experiments sprayed P1000 (diluted wood vinegar 1000 times) in seedling stage and P200、P300、P400、P500、P600 in field planting stage. Results showed that the application of wood vinegar increased production spotty and P300 could be used in 2 types of vegetables. P200 evidently poisoned vegetables of different types. P600 promoted the growth of roots and stems significantly. In general, wood vinegar with proper concentration can raise the production and be suitable for vegetable growth.

  Effects of Wood Vinegar on Flavor Quality and Food Safety of Vegetables in Two Types 2011, 27 (16):  160-163.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 570560KB )   ( 1058 ) The experiment was carried out to study the effects of wood vinegar on flavor quality and food safety indicators of tomato and Chinese cabbage by designing different concentration of wood vinegar. The results showed that lycopene content, Vc content and sugar-acid ratio of tomato and contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vc of Chinese cabbage were increased greatly under the low concentration treatment (P500). Lycopene content of tomato was obviously decreased and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage was significantly increased under the high concentration treatment (P300), while other indicators were not markedly changed. In addition, nitrite content of both vegetables were remarkably decreased under two wood vinegar treatments, while it seemed no conspicuous increase in the enrichment of heavy metals. Therefore, wood vinegar of suitable concentration can improve the flavor quality and effectively keep food safety of vegetables.

  Effects of Selenium-enriched Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Qualities of Chinese Chive 2011, 27 (16):  164-167.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 571775KB )   ( 1354 ) In this study, selenium-enriched vermicompost and selenium-enriched amino acids foliar fertilizer which were transformed by worthworms cow muck and sodium selenite, to explore the possibility of the organic selenium instead of inorganic selenium and application methods of organic selenium fertilizer in Chinese chive. The results showed that application of selenium-enriched vermicompost, it was promoted significantly in The content of leaf length, yield, vitamin C, chlorophyll, selenium, etc., as the same as application of sodium selenite and vermicompost. And compared with the application of sodium selenite and vermicompost, application of selenium-enriched vermicompost or selenium-enriched amino acids foliar fertilizer, results showed that it has been significantly increased on the length of leaf, yield, nitrogen, potassium, zinc. Therefore, selenium-enriched vermicompost or selenium-enriched amino acids foliar fertilizer would be kinds of new selenium fertilizer, which were cheaper, efficient, non-toxic and environmentally friendly.

  Effects of Antibiotics on Induction of Brassica rapa Callus 2011, 27 (16):  168-171.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 1738309KB )   ( 1045 ) The effects of four kinds of antibiotics, Kna, Hyg, Carb and Cef on induction of callus were studied using the cotyledon and hypocotyl of Brassica parachinensis of Brassica rapa subspecies as explants, and the effects of Carb and Cef on inhibiting Agrobacterium LBA4404 were also analyzed. The results indicated that the inhibitions of Kna and Hyg on the induction of callus were effective, the ideal selecting pressure of Kna was 10 mg/L in cotyledon and 15 mg/L in hypocotyl while Hyg was 8 mg/L in cotyledon and 6 mg/L in hypocotyl, while the inhibitions of Carb and Cef were slight. Carb and Cef can suppress proliferation of Agrobacterium LBA4404 better, and the concentration of 200-400 mg/L was optional for the remove of bacterial cells.

  Pathogen Identification of Cowpea Foot Rot and Its Biological Characteristics 2011, 27 (16):  172-175.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1159223KB )   ( 1107 ) Cowpea foot rot is a serious disease in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Its pathogen was Pythium aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitzp. based on cultivation traits and morphological characteristics. The result of pathogen identification was first reported in China. The optimum Illumination for the growth of the mycelium was 22 h full dark after 2 h ultraviolet irradiation. The optimum temperature and pH were 33~38℃ and 6~7 respectively. The optimal medium was PDA. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were starch and (NH4)2HPO4 respectively.

  Developmental-depend Changes of Defense-related Enzymes in Tomato Leaf 2011, 27 (16):  176-181.  Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 1696196KB )   ( 1081 ) Several resistance related factors including isozyme of Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Esterase (EST), β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in leaf of tomatoes at different development stages were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the isozymes of POD, SOD and EST in the same age leaves were enhanced with plant growth. Effects of leaf age on these isozymes were much lower than plant developmental stage. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase were enhanced significantly in anthesis plant, while chitinase were the highest of all in six-leaf plant. β-1,3-glucanase activities were enhanced with leaf age increasing. However, chitinase activities were not significantly different in three age leaf.

  The Inhibition of Sea Brine on Alternaria solani and its Effects on Defense Enzymes of Tomato Leaves 2011, 27 (16):  182-185.  Abstract + ( 1218 )   PDF ( 645458KB )   ( 1009 ) In this paper, the inhibition of sea brine on Alternaria solani was measured by adopting the method of hypha growth rate and defense enzymes in tomato leaves were studied by using determination of PAL, CAT and PPO. The results showed that the inhibition of sea brine on hypha of Alternaria solani was inhibition-promotion-inhibition according to the concentration decrease of sea brine. There was a best inhibition rate (42.3%) at the concentration was 0.0050%. In addition, 0.050% sea brine could enhance the activity of PAL, CAT and PPO in tomato leaves.

  Feedback of Soil Sterilization on Ageratina adenophora and Lycopersicum esculentum 2011, 27 (16):  186-189.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 642118KB )   ( 1090 ) Soil microbe is very important for terrestrial plants. Studies were conducted to compare the feedback of different sources of soil microbial community on the growth of noxious weeds Ageratina adenophora and tomatoes by sterilization of soil from Yunnan and Beijing. The results showed that the two types of soil were unfavorable for the growth of A. adenophora after sterilization. Specifically, for soil collected from a vegetable garden in Beijing, plant height and biomass of A. adenophora cultivated in sterilized soil were significantly lower than control. The plant biomass of A. adenophora was only 14.3% that of control. For soil collected from invaded area by A. adenophora in Yunnan, plant height and biomass of A. adenophora cultivated in sterilized soil were 58.1% and 42.9% that of control, respectively. However, plant height and biomass of tomato cultivated in soil from the vegetable garden after sterilization were 226.9% and 644.5% that of control, respectively. The plant height and biomass of tomato cultivated in soil from Yunnan after sterilization were 94.6% and 88.7% that of control respectively, which showed no significant differences. Our findings suggested that for different sources of soil, their sterilization had different feedbacks for the growth of invasive weed A. adenophora and common vegetable crop tomato.

  Antagonistic Screening of Endophytic Actinomyces Fq24 and Studies on Bioactivity of Its Metabolites 2011, 27 (16):  190-195.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 682054KB )   ( 992 ) In order to look for new resources of biocontrol on tomato gray mould and explore biocontrol mechanism of plant endophytic actinomyces, antagonistic screening of tomato endophytic actinomyces and activities of its metabolites were studied. Nine endophytic actinomyces were isolated from healthy tomatoes. Antagonistic strain against Botrytis cinerea Pers. was screened out through dual-culture and inhibitory activity test. Bioactivities of metabolites on promoting growth, induced resistance and disease control were studied through growth of tomato seeds and seedlings, changes of resistant enzymes, and pot test. The results were as follows. (1) Inhibit radius of strain Fq24 against B. cinerea was above 10 mm. Antagonistic effect of fermentation solution reached 68.4%. (2)Fermentation solution could promote growth of root and stem in middle concentration. Dry weight, fresh weight and height respectively increased by 168.35%, 128.57% and 70.79% in seedlings. (3)Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidease (POD) in tomato plants treated with Fq24 fermentation solution obviously increased. The largest increasing change rates of POD and SOD activities were 71.3% and 62.3%. (4)Spraying Fq24 fermentation solution could significantly reduce tomato gray mould occurrence, attain the obvious control effect reaching 88.14%. Fq24 was an antagonistic strain, whose metabolites could significantly promote tomato seeds germination and seedlings growth, induce POD and SOD activities to improve, significantly reduce disease occurrence, and attain the obvious control effect.

  The Research on Promoting and Colonize Ability of Endophytic Strain Thhy1 (Bacillus subtilis) 2011, 27 (16):  196-199.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 583368KB )   ( 975 ) The promoting growth function of endophytic strain Thhy1 (Bacillus subtilis) were measured by germination of tomato seeds and the growth of plants. The results showed that the seeds germination were significantly promoted by Thhy1 strains with their cells and metabolites suspension dippling seeds. Compared with the water control, the germination quality and quantity of seeds were promoted when the cells suspension density below 40%，but were inhibited above 40%.The results also showed that germination of tomato seeds were better by treated with cells suspension. The fresh and dry weight of the tomato seedling were increased above 120%, the average high of the seedling were increased 62.01%; the average length of the seedling roots were increased 44.14%；and the average thick of the seedling stems were increased 50.00% in the pots. The mutanted by antaganism against the rifampicin, and inoculated by dippling seeds and dallbing leaves. Thhy1 strains were proved to be able to colonize in tomato plants. The results also showed that the colonize ability of dallbing leaves was stronger than dippling seeds.

  Solar Radiation Distributing Pattern in Canopy Interspaces and Its Seasonal Fluctuation in a 25-year-old ‘Fuji’ Apple Orchard 2011, 27 (16):  200-205.  Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 539900KB )   ( 698 ) With 25 years old Fuji apple trees as the experimental material, to understand the apple orchard canopy light distribution and leaf index change, 3415-LQF5 light quantum meter and WinSCANOPY plant canopy analyzer was used in different seasons to study the light distribution of canopy and light transmittance rate changed with the leaf area index variation. Result showed that the light intensity and the biggest acquisition of different spatial orientation levels were closely related to sun altitude angle. Canopy extinction coefficient showed: sub outer>inter>outer. Daily light distribution curve in canopy in growing seasons showed a single peak at the noon. The average seasonal light intensity showed spring >summer >autumn, and outer canopy >sub outer canopy>inner canopy>near the ground in all the growing seasons. The proportion of the crown volume of the relative light intensity within the canopy account for less than 30% gradually increased in the growing seasons. Annual canopy light transmission rate showed the opposite changing trend with leaf area index. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between leaf area index and the average light intensity, gap scores, and average leaf angle, with a correlation coefficient of -0.592*, r=0.722**, and 0.647*, respectively.

  Organogenesis Characteristics of Apple Shoot Explants in vitro after Subcultured for Years 2011, 27 (16):  206-210.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 539900KB )   ( 921 ) For figure out the optimal life span of germplasm preserved in vitro, it is necessary to understand whether its propagating ability changes or not after subcultured for years. The shoot multiplication ability, adventitious root regeneration rate from shoots, and adventitious bud regeneration rate from leaves of ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ apple in vitro shoot explants were studied. The results showed that it was lower that the shoot multiplication ability of ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’, the adventitious root regeneration rate of ‘Gala’, and the adventitious bud regeneration rate from leaves of ‘Golden Delicious’ , ‘Fuji’, and ‘Gala’ during the first four years after inoculation from field, that was at the stage of subculture from 24 to 40 times. With the increasing of the subculture times, the abilities for the given cultivars could increase and keep at a higher level stably. The apple explants repeatedly subcultured in vitro for years (25 years for ‘Fuji’, 19 years for ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’, and 10 years for ‘Gala’) could remain their organogenesis characteristics.

  Studies on Proliferation of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Zanhuang Dazao’ 2011, 27 (16):  210-214.  Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 2350668KB )   ( 903 ) Use tissue culture seedlings of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Zanhuangdazao’ as Use tissue culture seedlings of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Zanhuang Dazao’ as explants, effects of 6-BA, IBA and IAA on proliferation of Ziziphus jujuba were studied and selected its suitable composition in subculture. The results showed that in subculture, activity of IBA was higher, as compare with NAA. 6-BA blended with IBA can remarkably promote multiplication coefficient and quality of grow into seedlings. The best medium of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Zanhuang Dazao’ was MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L. The best culture conditions for the temperature (25±2)℃, light intensity 2000~3000 lx, illumination time 14 h/d.

  Optimization of Chromosome Mounting Technique and Karyotype Analysis of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) 2011, 27 (16):  215-219.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1038269KB )   ( 932 ) In this paper, the chromosome number and karyotype of jackfruit was studied after detaching the cell wall and treated with low osmotic solution, and the effects of different pretreatments were also investigated. The results showed that the optimum pretreatment chemical was the mixture of 0.2% colchicine and 0.002 mol/L 8-Hydroxyquinoline (1:1), with the pretreatment time for 3 hours. The karyotype analysis showed that jackfruit was diploid (2n=2x=56). The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one is 2.08:1, and the arm ration of 3.5% chromosomes is over 2, so that the karyotype formula of jackfruit is 2n=2M+50m (2SAT) +4sm, belonging to 2A karyotype. It is the first report that the B Chromosome may be in jackfruit.

  Isolation and Characteristics of Carbendazim Degradation Bacterium XJ-D 2011, 27 (16):  220-226.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 1001726KB )   ( 899 ) In order to take bioremediation of carbendazim contaminated soil, an bacterial strain XJ-D, capable of degrading carbendazim was isolated by continuous enrichment culture from grape vineyard soil, shihezi in xinjiang. Identification of bacterial strain was completed with Biolog analysis and comparison sequences of 16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis. A bacterial strain of XJ-D was identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. It could use carbendazim as sole carbon or nitrogen source. XJ-D can degrade 99.0% of carbendazim at concentrations of 600 mg/L in mineral salts medium within 11 days. It showed a high average degradation rate of 52.87 mg/(L?d) for XJ-D.

  Optimization of SRAP-PCR System in Seedless Grape 2011, 27 (16):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 1942205KB )   ( 997 ) In this research, annealing temperatures and several key parameters of the seedless grape SRAP-PCR reaction system were optimized. The result showed that for seedless grape, the most suitable protocol of SRAP-PCR was initially denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min, then 94℃, 1 min, 36℃ 1 min, and 72℃, 1 min for the first five cycles, and then the annealing temperature was raised to 53℃ for another 35 cycles, at last extending at 72℃ for 10 min. In this SRAP-PCR system, the optimum concentrations of Mg2+, dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, primers and DNA template were 1.5 mmol/L, 0.2 mmol/L, 1.0 U, 0.2 μmol/L, 40 ng/25 μL, respectively.

  Studies on Photosynthesis Response of Three Strawberry Cultivars to Different Temperatures 2011, 27 (16):  233-239.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 924632KB )   ( 1215 ) Effects of photosynthesis response to different temperature and light condition were studied according to measure the light curves of three strawberry cultivars in greenhouse. The differences of photosynthesis characteristic parameters were studied using ‘Jingyao’, ‘Hongjia’ and ‘Gongsimeiyihao’ as materials under 25, 30 and 35℃ conditions. The results showed that: (1)photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate increased first then decreased while the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased with the higher photosynthetic active radiation under same temperature conditions. (2)The light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, light-saturated photosynthetic rate of strawberry cultivar ‘Hongjia’ and ‘Gongsimeiyihao’ were promoted while light compensation points of them were lower by the rising temperature in the range of 25-35℃. To strawberry ‘Gongsimeiyihao’, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, light saturated photosynthetic rate was highest while the light compensation point was lowest when the temperature was 30℃ among three treatments in the rage of 25-35℃. (3)Optimal photosynthesis conditions of ‘Jingyao’ and ‘Hongjia’ was 35℃ and 1050 μmol/ (m2?s) photosynthetic active radiation, to strawberry cultivar ‘Gongsimeiyihao’, the optimal photosynthesis condition was 35℃ and 1200 μmol/(m2?s) photosynthetic active radiation.

  Effects of Ozone Treatment on the Consequent of Fresh Strawberries 2011, 27 (16):  240-243.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 628550KB )   ( 1216 ) In order to explore the ozone treatment on fresh strawberry effects, we studied concentration at 15 mg/m3, 20 mg/m3, 25 mg/m3 and 30 mg/m3; processing time for 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min; processing times for one time of 2 day, one time of 4 day, one time of 6 day, does not deal with the ozone of ‘Fengxiang’ strawberry 0℃, 30 days fruit decay during storage and quality indicators change. Found that ozone treatment can inhibit the decay of strawberry, and Vc content, hardness and soluble solids was decreased. The results showed that ozone treatment on fresh strawberry had a role, and 20 mg/m3 was the best of the ozone concentration. Processing time and processing times had little effect on fresh strawberry.

  Effects of Exogenous Betaine on the Endogenous Betaine Synthesis in Leaf and Root of Banana under Low Temperature Stress 2011, 27 (16):  244-247.  Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 682753KB )   ( 921 ) After being treated with different concentration of BT, then stressed in the artificial bioclimatic chamber under 7℃ low temperature，the effects of exogenous betaine on the endogenous betaine synthesis in leaf and root of banana were studied by measuring the content of edogenous betaine and the activity of the betaine key synthetase BADH in the leaves and roots of banana seedlings. The results indicated that after being treated with suitable concentration of BT, the activity of BADH and the content of endogenous betaine in leaves were also increased with highly significant difference. Though the content of endogenous betaine in roots was significantly higher than that in controller which grows under normal circumstance, the activity of BADH was not significantly increased. So it could be drew a conclusion that exogenous betaine could improve the synthesis and content of endogenous betaine in banana under low temperature stress, and leave is the place for synthesis, root is the place for storage.

  Effects of Different N, P, K Levels on Growth and Flowering of Nobile-type Dendrobium 2011, 27 (16):  248-254.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 708748KB )   ( 1077 ) In order to search the best effects of the fertilizing treatment of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’, the vegetative growth and flowering have been studied with different time and regime by the orthogonal experiment design L9(33). The results indicated that the vigorous growth period of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’ was from April to August, and the mature period of that was from September to October. Compared with the control, the treatments were more effective for vegetative growth and normal flower induction of Dendrobium frigdaas ‘Little Bee’(P<0.05). Among the treatments, N3P1K3 was the optimal condition to speeding up the growth of the plants, and N1P3K3 was the most effective for in vivo flowering, about two weeks advanced to the emergence for flowers. N at higher concentration was more effective for vegetative growth than that of lower does. The effects of fertilization were in order of N>K>P in the growth period. Meanwhile, N at higher concentration promoted mineral elements of leaf N, P, K absorbing better than that of lower does. However, the perimeter of the shoots and mineral elements of leaf Ca, Mg were lower under N at higher concentration than that of lower dose.

  Effect of Different Fertilization Measures on Nutrient Absorption and Dry Matter Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco 2011, 27 (16):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 1107 )   PDF ( 551014KB )   ( 833 ) Field experiments combined with laboratory analysis were conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer application measures to nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation of tobacco, The results showed that, different fertilization measures could significantly enhance the field of tobacco plant growing, to promote tobacco plants such as mineral elements of NPK the absorption and rhizome whereas material accumulation, compared with the control, big pit transplanting with fertilizer to play with the best use of fertilizer, consistent with tobacco, “N forward, backward K” law of demand growth.

  Responses of Manure Application to Inorganic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Its Fate in a Vegetable Field Soil 2011, 27 (16):  259-265.  Abstract + ( 1618 )   PDF ( 872085KB )   ( 917 ) In order to continued and safly apply organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer and clear the effect law about fertilizing large amount of manure to inorganic nitrogen use efficiency during vegetable cultivation, the 15N tracer method was used in the study, which was used to show the response of increase the application of manure to inorganic nitrogen utilization efficiency and the manure aftereffect to the use of soil residual 15N-urea. The results showed: 1st season vegetables insided 25%-26% N from 15N-urea in single application of chemical fertilizer (CF), and it was 14%-18% in organic fertilizer (CF+M), the chemical N use efficiency (UEN) was 25.61% and18.16%. After effect of organic organic also significantly affected the 2st season vegetables from the soil the percentage of residual 15N -urea(NDF) and the 2st season vegetables for 1st season residue 15N-urea utilization. For two growing seasons, accumulative UEN researched 28.76% and 19.60% of the applied CF and CF+M. Compared with the CF, CF+M on a quarterly basis 0-200 cm post-harvest soil 15N-urea was no significant effect on the recovery, but the application of organic fertilizer to promote the accumulation of nitrate and down profiles. Further, CF+M caused significantly higher percentage of 15N-urea loss compared with CF (P＜0.05); they were 53.7% and 61.2%, respectively after two growing seasons.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Onion and Soil Fertility 2011, 27 (16):  266-272.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 897870KB )   ( 1248 ) To improve the production benefit of shallot onion (Allium ascalonicum L．), and solve the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacle caused by it. An organic fertilizer, which was made of fermentation products from straw mushroom residue and soil modifier, was used in both plot and field trials. The results showed that the organic fertilizer improved the plant height and the leaf length, increased the diameter and the length of bulb and promoted the tillering of shallot onion, and raised the weight of single plant and all parts of organs as well as yield, especially at the early stage, which was increased by 61.6%-72.5%. The difference between plots was extremely significant. The organic fertilizer stabilized or activated nutrients in soil, and also enhanced the amount of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the soil, and neutralized soil acidity, but reduced soil EC value, and finally achieved the effects of balanced soil nutrients, improved physiochemical properties of soil. The results pointed out that, however, too much phosphorous and potassium fertilizer but few magnesium fertilizer were applied by farmers. This experiment provides reasonable and effective technological measures for the integrative use of straw mushroom residue and increasing soil conservation capacity of agro-ecology in suburb areas, production benefit of shallot onion.

  Effects of Different Row Spacing and Planting Density on Yield of Rapeseed 2011, 27 (16):  273-277.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 520381KB )   ( 905 ) The experiments were focused on investigating the effects of six row spacing on economic characteristic and yield of rapeseed in different plant density. The main results were as follows, there were little significance effect among the six various row-spacing in the planting density of 15×104 plant/hm2, but there were significant difference among the six ones in the density of 45×104plant/hm2, and the maximum yield increased by 19.1%. The experiment results of various row spacing showed that the best row spacing for current direct-seeding rapeseed was 20 cm-40 cm one.

  Studies on the Resistance of Rape Variety to Plasmodiophora brassicae and Screening 2011, 27 (16):  278-282.  Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 635382KB )   ( 1141 ) The experiment focus on the research of resistance of rape variety to Plasmodiophora brassicae and screening with nine rape popular varieties in recent years in Yunnan province and seven the introduced rape varieties from different breeding institutes in China from 2009 by 2010 in the high elevation Banqiao Town of Longyang, Baoshan of Yunnan Province, where has been the most severely Plasmodiophora brassicae region. Experimentation result indicated that water-logging obviously aggravate Plasmodiophora brassicae and reduce remarkably ultimate harvest yield of rape in manual simulation seedling stage. Plasmodiophora brassicae showed from rape seedling stage and aggravate during peduncle growth, the incidence and disease index of this disease modest declines in the maturity stage. 16 rape testing varieties basically can be divided into three groups by resistance to disease of Plasmodiophora brassicae, ‘A35’, ‘Huayou 7’ and ‘Yunyou double 1’ showed strong abilities on resistance to disease of Plasmodiophora brassicae in all of grow period, which served as predominant species and breeding materials in the Plasmodiophora brassicae regions of Yunnan province.

  Study on the Nutrients Materials and the Resistance of Cucumber Aphid 2011, 27 (16):  283-286.  Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 609225KB )   ( 1153 ) To study the mechanism of cucumber aphid resistance, this experiment chose glabrous cucumber and normal cucumber. Every plant was put two aphids when the seedings had three leaves. Identified the aphid resistance of glabrous and normal cucumber and measured soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acids in each plant leaves. The results showed that glabrous cucumber had high resistance. The high resistance level not only depended on low soluble sugar and soluble protein but also depended on low free amino acids, and nutrients materials decreased after aphids bited seven days. Low nutrients materials could hurt aphid breeds.

  Effects of Fertilizer-Water Regulation on Growth and Development of Zizyphus Jujuba in Gravel-Sand Mulched Field in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 2011, 27 (16):  287-291.  Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 642796KB )   ( 886 ) At ‘Xiangshan’ Mountain arid areas in the middle Ningxia, the effects of both water absorbent and supplemental fertilizer-water on soil water contents, fruit-setting rate, yields, quality, water use efficiency and vegetable growth of jujube trees were investigated under the field condition, by using the three-year-old ‘Tongxinyuanzao’ jujube trees with plant and row placing being 3 m×8 m while intercropping watermelon which the yield of was 12 000 kg-13 500 kg per hm2. The results indicated that the content of soil moisture in the depth of 40 cm was increased by 2.14% (absolute value) from May to October after the application of water absorbent with 30-60 g per plant and supplementary twice fertilizer-water (125 kg of total number per tree) on mid-June, mid-July, respectively. Meanwhile, the leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit-setting rate, fruit number of individual tree, yield per plant, mean fresh weight of fruit, water use efficiency and ratio of total soluble solids content to titratable acid content were enhanced by 4.1%-50.5%, 44.9%(compared with that of naturally growing trees), 9.5%-27.8%, 29.5%-33.2%, 37.9%-51.1%, 0.5 g-2.1 g, 33.3%-46.7% and 23.0%-41.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ascorbic acid, new branch thickness and rate of diameter of tree trunk increased all improved slightly.

  Isolation, Identification and Antagonistic Activity of Biocontrol Strain against Apple Early Defoliation Disease 2011, 27 (16):  292-296.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 1161626KB )   ( 1044 ) 7 isolates with broad-spectum antagonistic activity against Apple Early Defoliation Disease were screened from 124 isolates. Strain BS24 was the most effective one with the width of inhibition zone 9.5 mm and 9.2 mm against Alternaria alternata f. sp. Mali and Marssonina coronaria (Ell Et Davis) Davis, and was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Cell-free culture filtrate could also strongly inhibit the mycelial growth and conidia germination of Alternaria alternata f. sp. Mali and Marssonina coronaria (Ell Et Davis) Davis. Strain BS24 had broad-spectrum angonistic activity against several other diseases of apple such as Phyllosticta pirina, Phyllositic solitaria, Alternaria Mali, Bolyosphoma berengeriana, Physalospora piricola and Glanerella cingulata. Strain BS24 had great potential of application in the field control of Apple early defoliation disease.

  Investigation and Research on the Infection Rate of Citrus tristeza virus for Major Production Regions of Gannan’s Navel Oranges 2011, 27 (16):  297-300.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 1139692KB )   ( 1068 ) Jiangxi Gannan was one of the most suited region to grow navel oranges, and became the largest orange-producing areas in the world, but the infection rate of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) of Gannan region were still have been utterly unknown so far. This study collected 1498 citrus samples from 14 major production regions of Gannan’s navel oranges, of which 673 samples were detected CTV-positive by direct tissue blot immuno-assay (DTBIA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the infection rate reached 44.9%. The results showed that the citrus tristeza was seriously danger to the production regions of Gannan’s navel oranges, and it was the necessity for further enhance inspection and quarantine measures to guarantee security of Gannan’s navel oranges.