Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.17 Published:15 July 2011

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  The Progress in Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian Cell Death 2011, 27 (17):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 531865KB )   ( 1169 ) Apoptosis is a cell death process existing in animals and plants, which is a gene regulated essential physiological process requiring energy. Apoptosis is a complex process implicated with genes, proteins, various induced factors that is dominated by nucleus and participated with mitochondria. This mini-reviews discuss the progress in molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in mammalian cells.

  Identification pig partial microRNAs at embryo by poly(A)-tailed RT-PCR 2011, 27 (17):  6-12.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 882760KB )   ( 1244 ) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs of 21~22 nucleotides in length that play important roles in multiple biological and developmental processes by degrading targeted mRNAs or repressing mRNA translation. The database of miRBase16.0 (2010) show that there are 175, 673, 408, and 1048 annotated miRNAs for Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens, respectively. However, there are only 211 miRNAs described for Sus scrofa. In particular, the miRNAs which regulate gene expression in embryonic growth and development are still poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we carried out poly(A)-tailed RT-PCR to verify the expression of ten miRNAs at porcine embryonic day 33 (E33). Of these distinct miRNAs identified, we determined the relative amount of miRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR and performed investigation into identification of the potential target mRNAs using PicTar and TargetScan. Results showed that: ssc-miR-9 is the most abundantly expressed miRNA in the head region, ssc-miR-1 is the most abundantly expressed miRNA in the organ region. Function analysis suggested that these miRNAs are mostly involved in the development of nerves, the cerebrum, muscle, and organs. Our results provide useful information for the investigation of embryonic miRNAs in the pig and other animals.

  Investigation on the concentrations of arsenic from feed and feces in Fujian Province 2011, 27 (17):  13-16.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 552294KB )   ( 1157 ) Using hydride generator atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 104 feed and 56 feces samples collected from 56 different areas pig farms in Fujian province, which were measured the concentrations of arsenic (As). The results showed that, 12 samples were tested the cncentrations of arsenic more than 2 mg?kg-1, the average over standard rate 11.54%, with the most severe contamination was Zhangzhou. The higher arsenic pollution between different scale pig farms and different types of feed of which were small-scale pig farms and piglet feed, with the over standard rate 13.79% and17.39%. 9 in 12 tested more than 2 mg?kg-1 feed samples were premixed by the additives from others Province, with the rate21.59%. Only 1 feces sample collected in a Longyan moderate pig farms, which was tested the cncentrations of arsenic at 102.4mg?kg-1, more than 30mg?kg-1, with the over standard rate 1.79%.

  Research of integrated control technical system to release heat-stress dairy cows in high temperature and humid districts 2011, 27 (17):  17-20.  Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 588759KB )   ( 1111 ) Absract: According to high temperature and humid climate conditions in south of China and biological characteristics of Chinese Holstein cows, a integrated control technical system to release heat-stress dairy cows in high temperature and humid districts was set up, which include new type practical heatstroke prevention free stall cow house, new type practical free stall cow farm microclimate environment auto-control system, heat stress nutritional alleviator for dairy cow and to breed new heat-resisting strain of cow breed.

  Study on mtDNA Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny Evolution of Chinese Sheep Breeds 2011, 27 (17):  21-25.  Abstract + ( 1507 )   PDF ( 578765KB )   ( 1026 ) Abstract : The study detected mtDNA d-loop hypervariable region of 93 sheep, which came from eight chinese sheep breeds and two origin sheep breeds. The study acquired 63 haplotypes, 73 variable sites. single polymorphism sites and concision information sites were 30 and 43,respectively. Expect from deletion site and inserted site, the result included 22 base transitions and 1 base transversion. The rate of base transitions and 1 base transversion is 14.8. By phylogenesis analysis, the haplotypes sequence of Chinese sheep mtDNA D-loop clustered A,B and C subline. It showed that Chinese sheep breed had three maternal origin. The origin area of C subline might china.

  Effect of Chinese herb complex on NK cells in the foot and mouth disease immune process of pig 2011, 27 (17):  26-30.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 561636KB )   ( 880 ) 70 pigiets which were in the same age were randomly allotted into 7 groups. Pigs in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% Chinese herb complex respectively; while animals in group Ⅶ were fed the basal diet only as a control in the foot and mouth disease immune process. Pigs in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were immune before 5 days, 3 days, the same day continuous feeding 3 days; group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ were immune before 5 days, 3 days, the same day of feeding one day. These pigs Were collected Blood samples and detected NK cells on the day before immunization, 14d, 21d, 28d after immunization and the 28d after second immunization. The results showed that NK cells in dosage group were higher than control group. NK cells of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were higher than groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ. NK cells in group Ⅱwere the highest. There was a statistical difference of pig’s NK cells in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and control group (P <0.05).

  The co-rrelative investigation between Cow clinical Mastitis and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in HeNan 2011, 27 (17):  31-33.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 503168KB )   ( 1037 ) 137 cases of reproductive barrier by Inactive ovaries in dairy cows were treated by pure Chinese herbs for 1 to 3 courses. The results showed that the total oestrus rate was 81.75%, The cure rate was 72.26%.Among 137 cases,42 cases was delayed re-breeding in breeding progress of cow, The oestrus rate and the cure rate was 90.48% and 83.33% after treatment. Among 95 cases,61 cases was postpartum Non-estrus in Multiparity cow, The oestrus rate and the cure rate was 85.25% and 77.05% after treatment; 15 cases was Loss or disturbance in the estrous cycles in Dairy cow, The oestrus rate and the cure rate was 53.33% and 33.33% after treatment; 19 cases was ovarian atrophy in Dairy cow, The oestrus rate and the cure rate was 73.68% and 63.16% after treatment. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese herbs show a relatively good therapeutic effect for delayed re-breeding in breeding progress of cow and postpartum Non-estrus in Multiparity cow, Traditional Chinese herbs have effective in the teatment of ovarian atrophy，But traditional Chinese herbs can not get the satisfactory therapeutic effect for Loss or disturbance in the estrous cycles in Dairy cow.

  Molecular Detection of 16S rRNA Methylase genes among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diseased Dogs 2011, 27 (17):  34-37.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 514227KB )   ( 1060 ) Abstract: In order to investigate the epidemiology of 16S rRNA methylases which mediated the high level resistance to aminoglycosides among Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased dogs in zhengzhou city of He’nan province. 123 E. coli strains were isolated from clinic samples in diseased dogs. Antibacterial susceptibility determinations were performed and six types of 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected by PCR. Of six types of 16S rRNA methylase genes, only armA and rmtB were detected and the positive rates among these E. coli strains were 3.25% （4/123）and 38.2% （47/123）, respectively. The concurrence rate of armA and rmtB genes in E. coli strains in diseased dogs was 3.25%. These results suggested 16S rRNA methylases among E. coli strains isolated from diseased dogs were prevalent in zheng zhou city of He’nan province, with rmtB dominant. One the pathogens in dogs carried these resistant genes, which could result in the high level resistance to aminoglycosides. So, this serious situation should cause concern.

  The Protective Action of Effect of Venenum Bufonis Injection on Marek's Disease Viruses Vaccine 2011, 27 (17):  38-44.  Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 683029KB )   ( 1156 ) To study the protective effect of Venenum Bufonis injection on Marek's disease viruses vaccine, by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the proliferation rate of T cells, explain its effects on cellular immunity; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the proliferation rate of B cells, explain its effects on humoral immunity; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the Leukocytes quantity, explain its effects on nonspecific immunity; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the macrophages ' phagocytosis, explain its effects on specific immunity and nonspecific immunity; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the activity of super oxide dismutase, explain its antioxidant action or improve super oxide action as modifier, when combine Venenum Bufonis injection and Marek's disease viruses vaccine; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the chickling antibody titer, explain its potentiation on Marek's disease diruses vaccine makes antibodies; by Venenum Bufonis injection influence the Immune organs index, explain its effects on promotion of immune organ growth.

  The Preventive Effect of Venenum Bufonis Injection on Marek's Disease 2011, 27 (17):  45-49.  Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 629426KB )   ( 947 ) To study the prevention effect of Venenum Bufonis injection on Marek's disease, the test using animal models to evaluate the preventive effect of Venenum Bufonis injection. First, the research establishes the model of chickens infected with Marek's virus. Then, through the treatment of infected chickens with Venenum Bufonis injection, the research using pathogenicityrate, cure rate, protection rate, relative weight gain and other indicators evaluates the protective effect of drugs on organism. The research also discusses the preventive effect of Venenum Bufonis injection on Marek's Disease viral infection in depth.

  Study the Affect of Total Flavonoids from Honeysuckle on Contraction Function of Toad Heart in Vitro 2011, 27 (17):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 1465 )   PDF ( 572972KB )   ( 930 ) To research the influence of total flavonoids from honeysuckle on Contraction Function of the heart. Using technology that the isolated frog hearts were perfused, then by the BL-420F experimental system with biological function, the effect of total flavonoids from honeysuckle on contraction function of the toad heart in vitro was been observed. The conclusion of study had indicated that higher concentrations（2mg.ml-1）of total flavonoids extract in honeysuckle could stop the heart suddenly, and to perfused the toad heart in vitro with lower concentrations(2×10-1~2×10-6mg.mL-1), the heart rate and myocardial tension was both dropped. T test showed that heart rate was been reduced significantly (P<0.05) and it could reduce myocardial tension very significantly (P<0.01). This study showed that total flavonoids extract from honeysuckle could inhibit the contraction function of isolated toad heart in vitro.

  Effects of Forsythia Suspense on Growth Curve of Streptococus uberis and Streptococus agalactiae about Endometritis Pathogens in Dairy CowsStreptococus uberis and Streptococus agalactiae about Endometritis Pathogens in Dairy CowsStreptococus uberis and Streptococus agalactiae about Endometritis Pathogens in Dairy Cows 2011, 27 (17):  54-57.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 645896KB )   ( 1017 ) Aim: To direct the application of the herbal medicine Forsythia suspense for treatment of dairy cow endometritis. Method: The two pathogens, Streptococus uberis and Streptococus agalactiae caused dairy cow endometritis were isolated and identified, and the bacteria growth curves were compared and analyzed after the bacteria were treated by Forsythia suspense extract. Result: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Streptococus uberis and Streptococus agalactiae were 7.812 mg/mL and 31.25 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Forsythia suspense extract had significant inhibitory effects on the two bacteria, it’s very important for herbal medicine Forsythia suspense to prevent and treat dairy cow endometritis.

  Effects of Konjac Mannose-oligosaccharides in Diets on Immunity Function and Mecum Microflora of Three-yellow Broilers 2011, 27 (17):  58-61.  Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 591770KB )   ( 972 ) To study the effects of konjac mannose-oligosaccharides in diet on th immunity function and mecum microflora of three-yellow broilers and the possibilitity of substitutes for antibiotics, two hundred sixteen one-day three-yellow broilers are divided randomly into 6 treatments with three replicates. There are twelve broilers per replicate with feed and water provided ad libitum. The basic diet of the six groups is the same and treatments are as follows :control (no MOS and no lincomycin), 600 mg/kg lincomycin, 1 g/kg MOS, 2 g/ kg MOS, 4 g/ kg MOS and 8 g/kg MOS. The results show: (1) 4 g/kg MOS level of the diet significantly improves the index of thymus (P<0.05), and has a tendency of increasing the index of spleen and bursa but not significantly(P>0.05); (2) 600 mg/kg lincomycin and 4 g/kg MOS of the diet both increase serum lysozyme level significantly(P<0.05), however 8 g/kg MOS of the diet has the higher serum antibody titres to New castle disease virus than the control group and lincomycin group(P<0.05); (3) Compared to the control group, MOS significantly increases the concentration of lactobacillus and decreases the number of salmonellae(P<0.05), in addition the number of E. coli has a higher tendency but not significantly(P>0.05); (4) MOS can substitute for the lincomycin in the three-yellow broilers feeding.

  Preliminary Studies on Predicting Models for Energy Density in Fish Body of Oreochromis niloticus 2011, 27 (17):  62-66.  Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 649897KB )   ( 916 ) Total ninety-three samples of Oreochromis niloticus were selected randomly from cultured population in July and August 2009, and related biochemical components in muscle, liver, gonad and mesenteric fat of each sample were mensurated. Some components which have significant correlation with energy density were selected as predicting factors, and then predicting equations for energy density of different tissues were established. The results showed that there were significant linear relationships between energy density and crude fat content in muscle and liver(P<0.01), by analysis of covariance on the regression equations, two common predicting equations for energy density in muscle and liver were established as following: Em = 0.196 Fm +21.931 (r = 0.902) and El = 0.187 Fl +19.697 (r = 0.914). The significant linear relationship could also be found between energy density and dry mass content in mesenteric fat(P<0.01), and the correlation could be described as Ef = 0.159 Df + 23.973（r=0.917）. Through statistical analysis, crude fat content and dry mass content were selected as predicting factors respectively for ovary and spermary, and the respective predicting equation were established as following: Eo = 0.118 Fo + 25.493（r=0.909）and Es = 0.268 Ds + 19.697（r=0.905）.

  Genetic analysis of released and artificial cultured Strongylocentrotus intermedius 2011, 27 (17):  67-71.  Abstract + ( 1327 )   PDF ( 1554178KB )   ( 1136 ) Genetic analysis of released and artificial cultured urchins, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, were conducted with microsatellite technology in this research. [Methods]Seven pairs of primers were amplified in all individuals of each urchin population. Results showed that 1 to 5 alleles had been amplified in each of detected loci. In total, 22 alleles were detected in cultured population, while 17 of them in released population. Genetic indicators calculated by Popgene32 software showed that there were no significant differences between these two populations in the Nei’s index, the Shannon's index and the proportion of Polymorphic loci, which indicates that there are no significant genetic differentiations between released and artificial cultured population. There are six alleles were detected in cultured population but not in released ones, while 1 allele were found in released population but not in cultured ones. Both results indicates that there are still some allele variations existed between cultured and released urchin populations. Results from this research shows that the releasing program is failed to improve germplasm resources of S. intermedius. This research have found the genetic structure of cultured and released urchin populations, which can be a basis of theories and strategies of artificial culture and releasing for enhancement in S. intermedius.

  Studies on the Quality of Qihongxiangluo Tea Made from Different Elite Tea Cultivars 2011, 27 (17):  72-75.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 592538KB )   ( 1208 ) To research the different quality of Qihongxiangluo tea made from different tea varieties, 3 national elite asexual tea varieties, ‘Anhui 1#’, ‘Anhui 3#’ and ‘Fuzao2#’ were investigated using ‘Keemun Chuye’ sexual variety as check. In this research, the main biochemical compositions were analyzed and the tea sensory was tested. All the tea samples were collected and prepared with the consistent standards. The results showed that the main biochemical compositions of tea made from 3 asexual elite tea cultivars which had graceful appearance and high quality were richer and better-proportioned than tea made from ‘Keemun Chuye’ sexual variety. The score of sensory tests was ranged from high to low as following order as ‘Fuzao 2#’, ‘Anhui 3#’ and ‘Anhui 1#’. The results indicated that 3 national elite asexual tea varieties were suitable for Qihongxiangluo tea, especially ‘Fuzao 2#’ and ‘Anhui 3#’.

  Selection of the Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Rehmannia glutinosa by Real-time Quantitative PCR 2011, 27 (17):  76-82.  Abstract + ( 1891 )   PDF ( 1136685KB )   ( 1925 ) A total of eleven reference genes were systematically compared in different tissues of Rehmannia glutinosa using RT-qPCR, including seven traditional reference genes (ACT11, 18S, TUB5, GAPDH, EF-1?, UBQ10 and UBQ5) and four novel candidates reference gene (HSP90, PP2A, RPⅡ and TIP41) in this study. The mRNA levels of these genes were analyzed among the organs of flowers, roots, stems and leaves representing the vegetative growth phase and the generative growth phase. The stabilities of the eleven candidate reference genes were ranked by the Ct value comparison and three softwares (GeNorm, NormFiner and BestKeeper). The results showed that the expression of TIP41 and UBQ10 was stable in different tissues of sepals, petals, stamens, pistils, and ovary from flower. For the case of the roots, stems and leaves sampled in vegetative growth phase and generative growth phase, UBQ5 andTIP41 were expressed stably. As a result, the two groups of candidate genes were selected as reference genes for Rehmannia glutinosa.

  Purification and Content Determination of the Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum 2011, 27 (17):  83-86.  Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 709370KB )   ( 1078 ) To purify the polysaccharide from Platycodon grandiflorum via ion-exchange chromatography and detect the contents of saccharide and protein. The crude polysaccharide named PPS80 was extracted from Platycodon grandiflorum using hot water-ethanol fractional precipitation. After removing the protein by Sevage method, the polysaccharide was purified and identified with DEAE-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, respectively. The contents of saccharide and protein were determined by phenol-sulfate acid method and Coomassie brilliant blue staining assay, respectively. The results showed that two homogeneous constituents were isolated from PPS80 named as PPS80-I and PPS80-II. It was determined that PPS80-I contained 90.32% saccharides and 0.48% proteins while PPS80-II contained 86.75% saccharides and 1.96% proteins, respectively. Two homogeneous constituents of polysaccharides were efficiently purified from the crude polysaccharide PPS80 via DEAE-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. These results laid an experimental foundation for further research on the polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum.

  Analysis of the Cost and Benefit of Dairy Transport 2011, 27 (17):  87-91.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 688183KB )   ( 1213 ) Abstract: To reduce the transportation cost of dairy products, reasonably arrange transportation, and improve the economic benefit of the transportation company of dairy products, the transportation cost, vehicle type and benefit of dairy vehicle was analyzed. It was determined that the proportions of variable costs of road toll, refueling expense in the years from 2006 to 2008 respectively accounted for 62.89%, 64.01% and 54.74% of the total cost, and the proportion of main transportation cost and the order from high to low was determined; the transportation income, cost and profit of different vehicles in different months and years and their changes were analyzed; the new box-type semitrailer with the length of 12.5 meter and the power of 230 horsepowers is the best transportation vehicle of dairy products; the net transportation profit of semitrailer in January, May and August in 2006 was the highest, that in October was lower, and that in February and December was the lowest; the transportation income in May, August and November was the highest, and that in January, February and June was the lowest. The annual yield rate of semitrailer in 2006 was 10.18%, the vehicle of transporting dairy products is one kind of investment method with high risk and medium income.

  Effect of Ultrafine Grinding Technology on Procyanidin and Fatty Acid Condition of Grape Seed 2011, 27 (17):  92-97.  Abstract + ( 1373 )   PDF ( 779786KB )   ( 1463 ) This article analyzed the effects of ultrafine grinding technology on main nutrients of grape seed, in order to evaluate the application of ultrafine grinding technology in grape pomace processing. Grape seed was separated from pomace of wine-making and was prepared by ultrafine grinding technology. Study effect of ultrafine grinding on particle size distribution, procyanidin and fatty acid condition of grape seed. The results showed that compared with general grinding, content of procyanidin in ultrafine powder of grape seed was 8.74mg/g and increased 28.5%. Ultrafine grinding technology had less effect on unsaturated fatty acid of grape seed; the retention rate was relatively higher. Ultrafine grinding 5-25 min had no significantly effect on procyanidin and fatty acid condition. Accordingly, ultrafine grinding technology contributed for grape seed to release procyanidin and maintain unsaturated fatty acid, and was suitable for the application in grape seed powder processing.

  Optimization of Amylase Production from Yarrowia lipolytica ypy01 by Using Response Surface Methodology 2011, 27 (17):  98-102.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 605858KB )   ( 954 ) The aim of this work was to optimize the operational parameters of marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica ypy01 to increase amylase production using Plackett–Burman (PB) design and response surface methodology (RSM). The results of PB design showed that the concentrations of starch and peptone and initial pH were the most significant factors to influence amylase production. A Central Composite Design (CCD), which is the standard design of RSM, was then employed to further optimize these three factors. The experimental results indicated that the optimized composition of medium was 0.84% starch, 2.25% peptone, 1% yeast extract, 3% NaCl, 0.05% MgSO4, 0.05% CaCl2 and pH 6.8. Under the optimized conditions, the amylase production was up to 2012.50 U/mL in shake flask experiments.

  Investigation and Agricultural Resources Analysis of the Main Populated Area of Pumi National Minority in Yunnan Province 2011, 27 (17):  103-110.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 631454KB )   ( 986 ) In order to know the resident environment and the types of agricultural botanic resources and its use well of the main habitat of pumi national minority of specific nationality in yunnan. The investigation and collection of agricultural botanic resources of the pumi national minority were carried out in yulong, ninglang, lanping and weixi county in yunnan, and the social and economic situation, the resident environment, the types of agricultural botanic resources and its use were analyzed. There are certain differences in social and economic situation of the four counties, and the ecology environment of the main pumi national minority in yunnan were good. The main agricultural resources type of villages surveyed were bean and multigrain, and there are certain differences in other agricultural resources types for different counties. Living environment of the main populated area in yunnan were better; the agricultural resources types were abundant and special, the local agricultural resources have certain potential in the future.

  Study of New Countryside-construction in Hunan Plain Lake Area to Balance Urban and Rural Development 2011, 27 (17):  111-118.  Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 1818694KB )   ( 922 ) From the angle of coordinating urban-rural development, this thesis studies on the new countryside-construction in plain lake area in Hunan, and helps to solve the problems in this area, such as the single agricultural structure, low income level, the increasingly-worsen countryside environment and so on. To realize sustainable development, it takes Yan Village at Datonghu area of Yi-yang City in Hunan as a study object of new countryside, based on the investigation, it makes a target decomposition for its own superiority and inferiority, applies a triune model of “production-life-ecology” planning theory, it emphasizes the study on introducing the agriculture pillar industry, improving the rural inhabitation environmental, developing village Argo-tourism, protecting the wet land in plain lake area and so on. In order to make a reference for similar new countryside-construction, it sums up new countryside-construction method which is suitable for this area.

  The Impact Factors Analysis of Grain Output in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone 2011, 27 (17):  119-124.  Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 676709KB )   ( 1079 ) Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone is a major grain production district in south China. Using the data of the grain production in 25 counties and cities of Poyang Lake ecological economic Zone, we do correlation analysis, principal component analysis and path analysis to explore the major factors of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. This paper demonstrated that the most important factor was grain production area and the second factor was the effective irrigation area and fertilizer usage amount (net volume). We could draw conclusions that agricultural science and technology inputs needed to be strengthened, properly balanced the relationship between grain production and protecting the ecological environment, and develop new sustainable development of ecological agriculture in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

  Present Development Status of Rice Planting Mechanization and Analysis on its Development Strategy in Guangdong Province 2011, 27 (17):  125-129.  Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 594182KB )   ( 1124 ) In recent years, rice planting mechanization is developing rapidly in Guangdong Province. However, since its late start and weak foundation, the rice planting mechanization level is only 1.73% in 2009. It has a greater gap to the national average level which has reached 16.77%. This study described the present development status of rice planting mechanization in Guangdong Province from several aspects such as planting mechanization level, planting patterns and development situation in different regions. Main factors that restrict the development were analyzed and then some strategy respecting to policy, technology, propaganda and generalization were put forward to promote the rice planting mechanization in Guangdong Province.

  Analysis of the Situation of the Related Patents on Chestnut in China 2011, 27 (17):  137-141.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 509162KB )   ( 947 ) With the Chinese chestnut industry developed rapidly, the numbers of patents relating chestnut had increased year by year. In view of these patents importance for chestnut research field, the data of national patents relating chestnut in 1986-2010 were calculated by using the statistical method. The results showed: application grew over 15 times in 15 years; 96.84% patent types were invention patent and utility models; the average warrant cycle was 1-4 years; over 50% patents’ protection term had more than 5 or 10 years; 79.13% patents were belong to agriculture, food and light industry; 66.42% patent right were individual; the most of patents centered in the area of Hebei, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shandong and Hubei. It was expected that the invention of chestnut functional food and utilization of chestnut waste were became the hot research area in patent application.

  Study on the General Land Use Planning Database at County and Town Level Based on MapGIS 2011, 27 (17):  142-146.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 800966KB )   ( 1163 ) In order to manage and implement results of general land use planning, and to achieve the informatization of land resource manage, the authors explored a method of establishing a general land use planning database by utilizing the current land use database and results of general land use planning. systematical analysis and flow chart based on MapGIS. The general design ideas, objective of database and technical route were systematically described in this paper. Meanwhile, several crucial steps of creating a database established, such as addition of planning elements layer, construction of attribute structure, calculation of pure areas, were solved. The research revealed that it was possible to build the planning database using current land use database and results of general land use planning.

  Study on Optimal Bands Selection of Sandy Land Information Extraction in Sandy Land Monitoring Based on Land Sat Remote Sensing Data 2011, 27 (17):  147-150.  Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 597520KB )   ( 1266 ) Multispectral remote sensing data is the data source for dynamic monitoring of sandy land. The based data is sandy land information from remote sensing data. Bands selection directly impacts information extraction and land classification. The author applied the bands correlation and the best index OIF index to select optimal bands combining spectrum characteristics of the research objects, finally band 3, 4, 7 were the best combination. This will be advantageous to see and interpret. The study on combination of bands provided strong techniques to support for the post-processing.

  Research on the Impact of Rural Economic and Social Development upon Rural Labor’s Migration Decision 2011, 27 (17):  151-157.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 648079KB )   ( 919 ) The article adopted Tobit model and investigation data to analyze impact of rural economic and social development upon rural labor’s migration decision. The research showed rural economic development situation and rural infrastruction played a negative role in rural labor migration decision making. Under the circumstance of long-term urban-rural dual structure, improved rural economic development and living condition couldn’t obstruct the trend of rural labor migrating to township, even though the policy system of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers has been set up and county economy and township enterprises developed rapidly. The article suggested resolute implementation of No.1 document and to take the construction of socialist new countryside as a breakthrough to invest resource in public utilities and infrastructure so as to encourage rural labor to go out to work and transform in countryside.

  Analysis on Influence Factors of Extension Function of VLSS —Taking Shijiazhuang of Hebei for Example 2011, 27 (17):  158-161.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 530757KB )   ( 899 ) Village level service station (VLSS) is the development and extension of the agricultural technology extension system. It has the double functions of both operational and Public Welfare. Its importance in satisfying farmers’ diverse needs of technology can not be ignored. In order to improve the operation effect of the VLSS and find the factors that effect the function of VLSS, this paper used the data collected in Shijiazhuang, analyzes the factors which influenced the VLSS to bring its public welfare function into play. The results showed that technicians’ qualities and the imperfect of the hardware facilities were the important factors that obstructing the service function of VLSS.

  Research on Operational Mechanism of Science Popularization in Rural Communities 2011, 27 (17):  162-167.  Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 588572KB )   ( 929 ) By the development of urbanization and the construction of new country, a large number of rural people have moved from rural to urban country in China. And the country has changed from village to the community. As a complex system based on agricultural development form, the rural community has played an important role in rural development. It can reflect the rural social life phenomena and has the versatility of economic, political, cultural and social construction. Based on the summary of the feature of science popularization in rural communities, this paper constructed the operational mechanism framework of popularization of science in Beijing rural communities, proposed some issues on popularization of science in rural communities, and hoped that it can give some useful suggestion to the working of science popularization in Beijing rural communities.

  Study on Standards of Contaminants Maximum Level in Agro-food 2011, 27 (17):  168-173.  Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 646784KB )   ( 1188 ) China has completed the system of agricultural products quality standard basically, but it still has some problems such as the imperfect quality standard system. And it should be improved in its supporting part, the scientific and the practical nature as well. This paper concerns the collecting of the limited standard in agricultural pollutants both in China and abroad. The paper also completely analyzes the national standards and industry standards on food and agricultural products maximum residue limit (MRL) of pollutants. It classifies and summarizes the different pollutant limited standards in order to provide a useful basis for constructing a new standard system in pollutants. The paper also proposes a prospect of constructing of agricultural pollutants limitation in China.

  The Assessment Study of Density of Infection about Agriculture Accidents 2011, 27 (17):  174-177.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 584561KB )   ( 1032 ) Agriculture accidents break out sometimes, which causes pollution and damages of soil, water and atmosphere in agriculture. In order to take appropriate measures to treatment of agriculture accidents, it is important to assess the density of infection about accidents. Whereas the quantify assessment technology of accidents is still on grope stages. The study focuses on forming assessment index and building the assessment model of density of infection about plant diseases and insect pests, agriculture inputs, hazardous chemicals, meteorological disaster by analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics. The model takes the paroxysmal and damage of agriculture accidents, and can be the technological aegis of decision-making and treatment in time of agriculture accidents.

  Developing Long Term System for Certificated Agro-product Supervision 2011, 27 (17):  178-181.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 501813KB )   ( 952 ) Long-term system for certificated agro-product supervision has great significance in keeping effectiveness, authority of certification and consolidating the achievement of national monitoring projects of ago-product quality and safety. In this paper, the present system and current situation of certificated agro-product supervision were discussed. Necessity of establishing multiple systems was proposed, including enterprise self-regulation system, risk prevention system, investigation and punishment system and traceable management system. And specific procedures of certificated agro-product supervision were introduced.

  Study on the practice and theory value of policy of exempt and subsidy 2011, 27 (17):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 519934KB )   ( 1076 ) practicing on policy of exempt and subsidy not only has annotated a predicable commonality product of compulsory education, and has materialized development and application that the theory of balanced development of compulsory education, equity of resource of education, reasonable distribute have done in rural education, but also is meaning of public finance theory and principle of equality and difference in education justice puts in practice on demand of the compulsory education. Actualizing of the policy of exempt and subsidy has better effect on the building on new atmosphere of rural education, changing on error means for studying in school; and lightening on burden of farmer domestic economy, dispelling dropout ratio in rural; developing of lab productivity increase ratio, increasing economy benefit. Thus government should consummate policy of exempt and subsidy, enrich value of education theory, increase domino effect.

  Dimension Analysis on Human Capital of the New Generation of Migrant Workers 2011, 27 (17):  187-191.  Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 1194815KB )   ( 1230 ) The use of human capital theory to study the new generation of migrant workers’ living and development, has important practical significance. So, combined with the new generation of migrant workers and human capital issues of the confusion, based on the human capital characteristics of the new generation of migrant workers, the author proposed the three dimensions of human capital and seven indicators of the new generation of migrant workers, and presented a case analysis of the relationship between the human capital dimensions of the new generation of migrant workers. Finally, the author pointed out that the analysis on the new generation of migrant workers would bring some enlightenment to the capital investment of human capital of the new generation of migrant workers.

  The System Assessment of Energy Security in Jiangsu Province Based on Factor Analysis Method 2011, 27 (17):  200-207.  Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 814400KB )   ( 999 ) Energy has played an important role in development of economy and society, security of which has become a focusing issue. Firstly, the authors have put forward a definition of regional energy security and have explained its interacting system elements in the light of the system theory and existing energy security research literatures. Secondly, the authors have established a set of index system, which consists of 10 composite index and concerns energy-economics, energy-environment, energy-population subsystem and introduced the algorithm of principal component analysis. Finally, according to the statistical data of Jiangsu province and by virtue of principal component analysis, the authors have analyzed the energy security status of Jiangsu province and have revealed its declining trend during the 1990-2007 under the current energy policy and socio-economic conditions. The result is in accordance with the actual situation of Jiangsu provincial energy system, which indicates that the established composite index system and used principal component analysis are effective in evaluating the regional energy security condition, the method can disclose the existing obstacles in the process of energy security system operation and provide a decision-making basis in guaranteeing the regional energy security.

  The Relationship of Multiple Cropping Index of Arableland Change and National Food Security in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River 2011, 27 (17):  208-212.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 682661KB )   ( 1082 ) Food security is the focus in the international community, but focus on the threat of arable land decrease, ignoring the multiple crop index (MCI) change in recent years. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is an important grain production area in China, multiple cropping is an important ways of improving yield over there. That qualitative analysis MCI change for the national grain yield fluctution influence through constructing mathematical model in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, it made a great innovation and breakthrough in theory. Research showed that, the MCI, food and crop planting area drops, grain yields percentage of China, grain sowing area and crops area ratio drops respectively 7.0 and 7.2 percentage points in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during1979-2008, to influence on the national food security. Puts forward improving the level of agricultural mechanization, innovation land system, strengthening grain production of science and technology support system, building and perfecting the grain information early warning system for measures were to solve the problems.

  Security Evaluation of land Ecology in Plain-- a case of Yanjin county 2011, 27 (17):  213-217.  Abstract + ( 1761 )   PDF ( 582974KB )   ( 809 ) Healthy land eco-system is a decisive factor for human health and economic development. It is particularly important to evaluate the region land ecology security following the ecological law as the humans on land use intensity and range increasingly. Taking the Yanjin county as the case which is in the plain, the evaluation index system of region land eco-security was established. The index system includes 17 indexes based on the P-A-R model framework in this research. The land ecology security value during 2006-2008 year was calculated using the analytical hierarchy principle and the security matrix of land ecology. The results indicated that the main factors which restrict regional land eco-security in plain including: environmental expenditure of GDP, pesticides, arable land proportion and population density, etc. The security status of land ecology was ‘sensitive grade’ for the last 3 years, while the land eco-system function gradually developed toward a favorable trend. Finally, some suggestions were propounded to protect land and realize its sustainable use.

  Characters of Soil Nutrient Variability in Citrus Orchards of Three Gorges Area in Chongqing 2011, 27 (17):  218-222.  Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 567968KB )   ( 790 ) In order to make clear soil nutrient status and variability characters, provide foundation for rational fertilization and citrus nutrient improvement, soil nutrient in citrus orchard of three gorges was studied, the effect of different areas and soil type on soil variability was analyzed. The result showed that the content of available P, K and Zn in citrus orchard were appropriate; alkaline N, organic matter and available B were deficiency; the content of available Fe, Mn and Cu were beyond the standard while coefficient of variation of soil nutrient was big so that excess and shortage were simultaneously being. Soil fertility of citrus orchard in Yongchuan, Jiangjin and Fengjie were better than other growing area in Chongqing. The effect of soil type on soil nutrient variability of available Mn were more than alkaline N, available P and K, which showed soil type was important factor to available Mn. The reason of soil nutrient variability between soil types should to be studied further.

  Adaptability and Regulation Mechanisms of Plants on Phosphorus Stress in Calcareous Soil 2011, 27 (17):  223-228.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 556932KB )   ( 1231 ) There is a low content of solubility phosphorus or easily exchange state phosphorus in the calcareous soils because of the high concentration of calcium ion and the low soil moisture. Therefore, the plants living on this soil always suffer from the phosphorus stress. The author summed up the controllable factors and adaptability mechanisms of the plants which growing and developing in calcareous soil, mainly from a view of the nutrient elements. There is a focus on discussion and review of the root system aberrance, root system secretion, and the mycorrhizal fungi infection in root system when the plants live in the condition of phosphorus stress. Furthermore, this paper had a brief review on the problem in correlative studies, and the study trends of this field were also prospected.

  Review and Preview Research on Integrated Soil Amelioration Techniques for Biology, Physics and Chemistry in Land Consolidation Areas 2011, 27 (17):  229-233.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 529477KB )   ( 920 ) This paper reviews and previews the research on integrated soil amelioration techniques for biology, physics and chemistry. This paper can be concluded as: (1) application of earthworms and biofertilizers are two main biological amelioration techniques in land consolidation areas which can obviously ameliorate the physical and chemical properties of soil; (2) mechanical subsoiling is the main physical ameliorate technique utilized to solve the problem of soil compaction in land consolidation areas; (3) chemical fertilizer application is the main chemical ameliorate technique used to improve the soil fertility and soil biological properties in land consolidation areas. At present, the biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques can evidently increase soil quality but there are still some defectiveness need to be improved. Firstly, the integrated soil amelioration technique for biology, physics and chemistry is relative paid less attention. Secondly, the transferability of joint operation machineries is bad without standard of subsoiling machines and depth. Thirdly, research on the biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques in the short term after land consolidation is deficient. Lastly, the collaboration between biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques and consolidation construction is loose. Research in the four above aspects should be strengthened in the future.

  Response of Winter Wheat to Temperature Warming in Northern Regions of Henan Province 2011, 27 (17):  234-239.  Abstract + ( 1600 )   PDF ( 1016501KB )   ( 921 ) The effects of maximum temperature and minimum temperature on winter wheat phenology, yield components in northern regions of Henan province. The trend of the extreme temperature in winter and spring, winter wheat phenology and yield components in northern regions of Henan province and the impacts of climate change on winter wheat growth were analyzed by the method of statistics and person relation based on the data of temperature between 1981 and 2010 and the observed winter wheat data between 1984 to 2010. The results showed as follows. The minimum temperature respectively increased significantly as 1.4℃/10 years and 1.3℃/10 years in winter and spring, which increased more in winter. The maximum temperature didn’t changed obviously in winter, however increased significantly as 0.7℃/10 years in spring. The regreening date of winter wheat didn’t changed obviously, the heading date and maturity date respectively advanced significantly as 4.0 days/10 years and 2.9 days/10 years. The heading stage advanced more. The growth stage significantly shortened as 4.6 days/10 years. The number of spikes of winter wheat didn’t change obviously, the number of kernels per spike of winter wheat decreased significantly as 4.4 kernels/(spike?10 years), 1000-kernels-weight of winter wheat increased significantly as 4.9 g/(1000-kernels?10 years). The results of person relation analysis showed that. The regreening date advanced 2.7 days while the maximum temperature increased 1℃ in winter. The heading date respectively advanced as 2.8 days and 3.4 days, maturity date respectively advanced as 2.6 days and 2.5days, the growth stage respectively shorten as 3.5 days and 3.6 days while the maximum and minimum temperature increased 1℃ in spring. The number of spikes and kernels per spike of winter wheat respectively decreased as 20.5 spikes/m2 and 2.4 kernels/spike when the minimum temperature increased as 1℃ in winter. 1000-kernels-weight of winter wheat increased 2.0 g/1000-kernels when the maximum m temperature increased as 1℃. 1000-kernels-weight of winter wheat increased with the increased minimum temperature in spring, however, decreased when minimum temperature extended 13℃. The extreme temperature warmed obviously during the past 30 years in winter and spring in northern regions of Henan province and its impacts on the winter wheat production also were obvious.

  Effects of Meteorological Factors of Empty Corn 2011, 27 (17):  240-244.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 639701KB )   ( 947 ) This article explain the influence of meteorological factors to the empty corn rate and the relationship between the factors through correlation analysis and regression analysis of 18 meteorological stations of spring maize empty corn rate and meteorological factors, so as to control or reduce the occurrence of empty corn and provide theoretical basis. Results show that the empty corn rate is in a significant positive correlation with seedling precipitation >25 mm days (Xa3), spike period accumulated temperature (Xc5); the empty corn rate is in a significant negative correlation with panicle stage rainfall >25 mm days (Xc3), ratooning buds of rain >0.1 mm days (Xd2) and the average daily temperature (Xd4). Regression analysis results show that the size coefficient Xa3, Xd4 in the model in significant highest, Xc3, Xc5, Xd2 significant is relatively low. Regression equation quantified empty corn rate and meteorological factors, and influence within meteorological factors, this conclusion could be used to alleviate empty corn loss and guiding corn variety extension.

  The Climatic Characteristics of Rainstorm and Flood Disaster in Linyi County 2011, 27 (17):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1688 )   PDF ( 776981KB )   ( 835 ) In order to understand the climatic characteristics of rainstorm and flood disaster in linyi county, the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy rainfall is identified on the basis of daily rainfall data from 1962 to 2009 collected on 10 weather stations in linyi county. The study results showed that: (1) heavy rainfall in linyi had a distinct feature of regional distribution. The amount of rainfall in southeast was much higher than northeast; (2) The variation of heavy rainfall in liyi was changing repeatedly from increasing to decreasing, the current stage had obvious growing trend; (3) Heavy rainfall in linyi had high frequencies in June to September, July was the month received highest rainfall. Storms usually happened in April to October, peaking on July. Most of heavy rain in linyi were local storm; (4) Most of heavy rain in linyi lasted for more than 12 hours. A greater chance of heavy rain was during the night; (5) 4 system, including Shear line, cyclone, cold front trough and typhoons controls linyi’s weather system. Cyclones shear line and typhoons were the two strongest systems; (6) Flood disaster in linyi had the characteristics of distributing widely, occurring frequently and varying significantly in different regions and seasons. It usually occured with little warning and could cause terrible damage to local economy. The results of research provided referceces of prediction on rainstorm, which can prevent the flood.

  Study on the Change of precipitation in DaTong city since Recent 50 Years 2011, 27 (17):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 593117KB )   ( 1003 ) Abstract: In this paper，the change and trend of the decadal average annual precipitation, the seasonal precipitation，large precipitation (the amount above)，short of heavy precipitation during the period from May to September ,maximum one day in Datong. The results showed that: annual precipitation undergoes a decreasing trend,the annual precipitation in Datong was the most in 1950s,it has reduced from 1960s,it has increased in 1990s but not significantly.It has larger change in seasonal precipitation, summer precipitation is decreasing, autumn precipitation was increased,winter precipitation was the largest increase or decrease. the biggest increase in average precipitation in winter after 1980s. Nearly 55 years, heavy rain (snow), rain (snow) tended to decrease the total number of days, including heavy rain, torrential rain days significantly reduced, while the relative increase in the number of snow days. Short-term decreasing trend of heavy precipitation, maximum precipitation in the 1st was a decline trend. Key words: precipitation; trend; Datong; Shanxi

  Analysis of the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in 2007 in Dengkou County 2011, 27 (17):  255-259.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 601064KB )   ( 849 ) In order to understand and grasp the exploitation and utilization of water resources arid region, to determine the optimal allocation of water resources structure, as arid water resources reasonable use and water balance to provide decision-making basis. Through the establishment of ecological footprint model of water resources and water resources carrying capacity model, the author calculated the ecological footprint and the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Dengkou County in the year of 2007 by means of the theory and method of ecological footprint.The results showed that ecological footprint in Dengkou County in 2007 was 3.8945 hm2/cap, the water resources ecological carrying capacity was 0.4130 hm2/cap and the water ecological footprint per capita was more than 9.42 times of the ecological carrying capacity per capita, and the ecological deficit of water resources was 3.4815 hm2/cap. Water consumption had far exceeded its capacity, the region was in extremely unsafe conditions. The main reason that caused the ecological deficit of water resources was agricultural water resources accounted for the largest ecological footprint, which indicated a structural contradiction in regional water supply. Some recommendations for the sustainable use of water resources, decreasing ecological footprint per capita and inereasing water resources carrying capacity in Dengkou County were put forward.

  Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm Resource to Cercospora Sojae Hara Resistance and Identification of Broad Spectrum Disease-resistant Resource 2011, 27 (17):  260-264.  Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 575414KB )   ( 927 ) We identify soybean cultivar and new strain resistant to Cercospora sojae in the south and north of China to supply good anti-disease resource for breeding for disease resistance and discover new disease-resistant genes. When the soybean goes into State R3 to R4 of its child-bearing period, we evaluate and appraise the resistance of 593 portions of soybean resource proceeding under artificial infection condition. The results showed that the proportion of high resistant material in the north was much higher than that in the south. Moreover, in the highly resistant resources, the proportion of cultivar was obviously higher than that of strain and resource, and the proportion of disease-resistant resources was higher than that of cultivar and strain. The resisted Cercospora sojae was exist in different areas, highly resistant and disease-resistant cultivar was 92 portions and highly resistant and the disease-resistant strain was 57 portions. The results from 200 materials of multi- physiologic seeds showed that there were 55 materials have the ability to resist 5-10 physiologic seeds, and 48 materials to resist 5-7 physiologic seeds. There are materials resistant to Cercospora sojae in the soybean resource from both south and north. The portion of high resistant material in the north is much higher than that in the south. Disease-resistant materials are almost the same between south and north.

  Situation and Cause of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Henan in Irrigation District of the Lower Yellow River 2011, 27 (17):  265-272.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 784739KB )   ( 1284 ) To ascertain the situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in henan irrigation district had an important significance on environmental quality security and agricultural sustainable development of the Yellow River valley. Relative data about the issue of agricultural non-point source pollution of henan section in the lower Yellow River were analyzed in the study. And the author summed up the major factors of forming agricultural non-point source pollution. Then pointed out that the unreasonable use of agricultural chemicals and the discharge of living garbage and livestock waste caused different agricultural pollution. The different agricultural pollutants resulted in deterioration of groundwater. The average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater was 9.31 mg/L, close to the maximum concentration provided by the world health organization. The concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 4.5815×106 t and 4.486×105 t respectively,which were 7.03 and 5.89 times of those of industrial and domestic sewage in the whole province.

  Research Advances in Toxicological Effects of Heavy Metal on the Anuran Larvae 2011, 27 (17):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1405 )   PDF ( 532000KB )   ( 1090 ) The tadpoles of amphibians are highly dependent on the water, and the gill and skin are highly permeable. When exposed to pollutants, tadpoles can be changed obviously on the behavior, growth and development, structural, physiological and biochemical changes on the level of the molecule expression, cellular and tissue structure, and physiology. So the tadpoles are considered as a suitable animal model to determine the toxicity of heavy metal polluted environmental and to monitor the environmental health. In this paper, the kinds of tadpoles were summarized and the toxic effect of heavy metal pollutants was reviewed in order to provide a comprehensive scientific basis for monitoring the environment of water.

  Study of Ferrous Sulfate on the Cr6+ Ion Disposing in the Filtrate of Chromium Residue 2011, 27 (17):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 673740KB )   ( 1061 ) Because of the Cr6+ ion having the potential of endangering the environment and harming the health of people in the filtrate of chromium residue, so it is necessary to treat it. Based on the study of single factor experiment, ferrous sulfate drug ratio, pH, stir speed and reaction time were studied on the effect of chromium-containing waste water treatment. The results showed that ferrous sulfate drug ratio was the most obvious influential factor among the all five influencing factors. Through the process of single factor law of process conditions, the author analyzed and the experimental conditions for optimum technological conditions for strategy was: more than 80, pH for 7-8, the reaction time for 20 min, stirring speed for fast mixing, stirring time for 10 min, the results of the experiments of chromium-containing waste water treatment provided theoretical basis.

  Research on Wetland Park Development Planning in Beijing 2011, 27 (17):  282-289.  Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 917046KB )   ( 1207 ) At present, construction of the wetland park has been attached great importance by Beijing governments and all social sectors. It’s developing vigorously because of the support from governments and social organizations in Beijing, but constructed Wetland Parks have neither certain wetland concepts nor geographical characteristics. The Wetland Parks，plans and constructions lacked scientific guidance, still can't meet the demand of people's material and cultural life and it also lagged far behind that of Beijing urban construction and economic development. Therefore, all that the overall planning, coordination, arrangement, to develop different layers and levels of wetland parks is imminent. In order to build Beijing Wetland Park orderly and healthy development, this paper has discussed the guiding ideology, basic principles and objectives of wetland park development planning, the overall layout of wetland Park and wetland park stage planning, etc. Finally, the safeguard is proposed to wetland Park in Beijing.

  Path Choice of Tourism Cooperative Development in Taihang Mountain Area 2011, 27 (17):  290-294.  Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 553708KB )   ( 745 ) The idea of strengthening regional tourism cooperation, achieving mutual benefits and making joint progress has been generally recognized in the tourism field. With convenient transportation, Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province has beautiful scenery and abundant tourism resources. This article believed that tourism cooperative development was the need of tourism economic depth development in Taihang mountain area, also can display integral advantage. And the symbiosis theory from ecology provided a new idea for regional tourism cooperation. Based on the symbiosis theory, this article analyzed the symbiosis units, environment and mode of the tourism cooperative development in Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province. At last, in order to improve the tourism sustainable development in Taihang mountain area, a feasible path of tourism cooperative development was provided which included constructing symbiosis environment, promoting symbiosis development, consolidating symbiosis boundary and implementing cooperative marketing.

  An Investigation and Analysis of Tourism Interpretation System in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve 2011, 27 (17):  295-300.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 573980KB )   ( 988 ) Good tourism interpretation system is one of important content of eco-tourism district construction．It is the important means to improve the tourists traveling experience quality and accept environmental education．In order to study the setting status and visitors′ usage of the tourism interpretation system in Tianmu mountain national nature reserve，the paper studied its tourism environment interpretation system by means of the site investigation and survey. The results showed that the interpretation system was more normative, fused with the tourism cultural connotation, and better explanation guidance. Meanwhile, the research also founded that there was various existing problems in it. Such as interpretation system was not perfect，guide's personnel quality should be further enhanced，and the commentator brand system remained to be improved，and so on．Based on the existing problems, the paper put forward suggestions that we should establish the perfect function visitor center, increase the way such as electronic interpretation system to improve it.