Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.13 Published:05 May 2012

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  Research Progress of China’s Forest Health Risk 2012, 28 (13):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3856 Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 547667KB )   ( 1304 ) In order to clarify each factor influencing China’s forest health condition, the author firstly analyzed the connotation of forest health and concluded that the ideal healthy forests were those that had certain resistance and could normally grow without being threatened by factors such as forest fire, harmful organisms (plants, pestilence, insect pests, and so on), meteorological disasters, air pollution and deforestation. Meanwhile, the function or value of forest including underground water, recreation location, wild animal protection, wood supply and self-updating would not be affected. It then analyzed all factors influencing China’s forest health and illustrated all the urgent problems confronting research on forest health risks. Finally it envisioned the research on China’s forest health from the aspects of forest health risk indicator system establishment, evaluation of each forest health risk indicator’s influence on forest damage or losses, regulation of insurance rate of each forest health risk indicator, forest category, forest structure, forest industry structure adjustment and forest health management policy. It was believed that this research was significant for the sustainable development of forest health and could provide efficient methods for management of future forest resources.

  Surface N2O Flux from 4 Different Typical Forest Stands in Growing Season in Subtropical South China 2012, 28 (13):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3510 Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 979680KB )   ( 1003 ) Forest ecosystems, being a possibility of an important source in emission of N2O, were rarely studied, especially in subtropical soil N2O emissions from a variety of forest types. This study site was located at Dashanchong Forest Park, being about 50 km away from Changsha City, Hunan Province and one of typical subtropical region of South China, which is the main distribution area of broad-leaved evergreen forests. Using the enclosed chamber technique, soil N2O emissions from a variety of forest types were measured once a month for a year. And environmental factors were also made simultaneous observations, including temperature and soil moisture. The samples were plotted at one kind of pure forest (CL) which species was Cunninghamia lanceolata and three types of mixed forest: PM (composed by Pinus massoniana mainly), CA (composed by Choerospondias axillaria mainly), and CG (composed by Cyclobalanopsis glauca mainly), respectively. In general, it was the sink of N2O for the CA plot, and the source of N2O for the rest three kinds of forest types. Surface fluxes of N2O in the growing season was -27.21 μg/(m2?h) for the CA plot, 34.61 μg/(m2?h) for the PM plot, 30.48 μg/(m2?h) for the CL plot, and 5.82 μg/(m2?h) for the CG plot, respectively. In the growing season, soil N2O flux from PM, CL, CG and CA were not changed significantly with different slope positions. Soil N2O fluxes were closed correlation with soil properties varied with different forest types. And the statistic analysis also showed the soil moisture content was the major factor affecting soil N2O emissions in the study area, and temperature indirectly affected soil N2O emissions by influencing soil moisture content.

  The Biomass Comparison of Soil Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen of 3 Kinds of Forest Types in Subtropics 2012, 28 (13):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3394 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 691508KB )   ( 963 ) In order to research the characteristics of different types of forest soil microorganism quantity and biomass in the global climate characteristics, to reveal the different forest types on microbial number and biomass carbon, nitrogen effect, the author used the method of chloroform fumigation extraction and dilution plate on camphor forest plantations, pine plantations and camphor-artificial pine mixed forest with soil microbes, biomass and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in Forest Botanical Garden, Changsha, Hunan. The results showed that: (1) camphor forest, mixed forest and pine forest, the total number of microbial camphor forest>mixed forest>pine forest, showed a significant difference (P<0.05); (2) Forest type had significant different impact on soil microbial quantity and proportion. Various types of microbial characteristics were as follows: bacteria was: camphor forest>pine forest>mixed forest; fungus was: mixed forest>pine forest>camphor forest; actinomycetes was: mixed forest>pine forest>camphor forest; (3) 3 forests in soil microbial biomass carbon was characterized by pine forest>mixed forest>camphor forest, the average contents were 543.01 mg/kg, 421.48 mg/kg, 370.95 mg/kg; characteristics of microbial biomass nitrogen was: camphor forest>pine forest>mixed forest, the average content of 37.28 mg/kg, 23.20 mg/kg, 15.12 mg/kg. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture was no significant correlation between soil organic matter affect, soil microbial biomass was an important factor.

  Soil Taxonomy in Subalpine Meadow of Dongling Mountain 2012, 28 (13):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3310 Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 602148KB )   ( 778 ) To understand the situation of subalpine meadow soil in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, morphological and physico-characteristics of 3 soil profiles at subalpine meadow were analyzed. According to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (3rd edition), results showed that, the soil profiles in the plots were classified into two groups, i.e., Hapli-Ustic Isohumosols and Hapli-Ustic Cambosols, which were further divided into two subgroups, i.e. Ordinary Hapli-Ustic Isohumosols and Ordinary Hapli-Ustic Cambosols. These showed that, subalpine meadow soil in Dongling Mountain acquired the typical characteristics of mountain meadow soil, which was higher content of humus in the surface with lower content of humus in the bottom, and easily lost by nature and human factors.

  Effects of submergence stress on physiological characteristics of three garden tree species in south China 2012, 28 (13):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3643 Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 1026377KB )   ( 866 ) In order to study submergence-resistant ability of seedlings of Schima wallichii, Rhodoleia championii and Cinnamomum camphora and provide reference for selection of submergence-resistant tree species, contents of chlorophyll and other physiological indices were determined under submerged stress environment and then principal component analysis was used. The results showed that with increasing submergence time, the chlorophyll content of S. wallichii seedlings fluctuated, that of R. championii and C. camphora slightly increased followed by a decrease; the content of soluble sugar of the three seedlings tended to increase; the content of soluble protein of S. wallichii and C. camphora changed fluctuantly, whereas that of R. championii decreased followed by a increase and then decreased; the activity of SOD of S. wallichii tended to decrease gradually, whereas that of R. championii and C. camphora significantly increased and then decreased; the content of MDA of the three seedlings significantly increased and then gradually decreased. The three seedlings showed a certain submergence-resistant ability during the submergence period of 28 days, and principal component analysis indicated that the order of submerging resistance was C. camphora >S. wallichii> R. championii.

  Studies on the Sampling Time of Rubber Nutrition Diagnosis in Second Generation Rubber Plantation 2012, 28 (13):  32-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3349 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 1101122KB )   ( 702 ) In order to choose a more appropriate time for sampling of the second generation rubber plantation nutrition diagnosis, field experiment was carried out to find the leaf nutrient content differences in October of 2008, in April and July of 2009. The results showed that: in April of 2009, leaf N, P and Mg content showed a significant positive correlation with that in October of 2008, while the K and Ca content showed a no significant correlation; in July, 2009, leaf N, P, Ca content showed a significant positive correlation with that of October, 2008, the Mg content had a highly significant positive correlation, while no significant correlation of K content; in July, 2009, leaf N, K content had no significant correlation with that of April, 2009, while the P, Ca, Mg content showed positively correlation. Further research showed that, the value of leaf N, P and Mg content forecasted by October, 2008, had a highly significant positive correlation with the actual determined value of that of April, 2009. Therefore, October of the the previous year could be a suitable sampling time for the nutrition diagnosis of the following year.

  The Impact of GA3, 6-BA, Mn2+ on Catalpabungei Seed Germination 2012, 28 (13):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3893 Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 1229781KB )   ( 747 ) In order to find appropriate germination conditions for Catalpabungei seed and improve germination rate, the impact of temperature, soaking time, GA3、6-BA, Mn2+ on Catalpabungei seed germination and the growth of seedling was studied. The results showed that temperatures had significantly impacts on Catalpabungei seed germination, the appropriate temperature was 28℃. Soaking time had no significantly impacts on Catalpabungei seed germination. However, it could shorten germination time. Certain concentration of GA3 treatment could improve germination speed, germination rate and elongate seedling stem. 100 mg/L was the appropriate concentration. Seed after 6-BA treatment, germination rate was improved significantly. However, as the concentration increased, seedling stems became shorter and thicker. Higher concentration of 6-BA could inhibit seedling root development. 20 mg/L was the appropriate concentration for seed germination. 0.01% concentration of Mn2+ treatment shortened Catalpabungei germination speed, but high concentration of Mn2+ had toxic effects on seedling roots. Since Catalpabungei seed was small and testa was thin, it needed certain humidity, temperature without soaking seed. Low concentration of GA3, 6-BA and Mn2+ could promote seed germination.

  The Effect of Water Stress on the Physiology of Sophora japonica ‘Golden stem’ 2012, 28 (13):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3580 Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 676893KB )   ( 831 ) In order to propose the most economical and reasonable irrigation methods in the garden, the effect of soil water stress on the physiology of Sophora japonica ‘Golden stem’ was studied. The fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of the plant were detected with the portable photosynthesis system Licor6400. The sugar content was measured by Antrone Chromametry Assay Method. The content of malondialdehyde (MAD) levels in the leaves was detected with the chemical reaction of MAD and thiobaribituric acid (TBA). The results showed that the growths of the plants were suppressed after treated with flooding for 15 days, which was embodied in the decreasing of qP, ETR, Fv’/Fm’ and the content of pigment, the increasing of the content of MDA, the content of soluble sugar and qN. The growth and appearance of plants were suppressed after flooded for 23 days. The drought stress suppressed the growth of plants, which was embodied in the decreasing of qP, ETR, Fv’/Fm’, the content of pigment, the water content of leaves, the increasing of the content of MDA, the content of soluble sugar, qN after treated for 19 days. The qP, ETR, content of pigment and content of soluble sugar were increased after treated with Slight Drought or Middle Drought for 19 days. However, the Fv’/Fm’ of moderate drought group had a little decrease. The best irrigation method in the landscape and architecture was the content of water in the soil between 18% and 30%, which did not affect the growth or landscape effects. The water content in the soil diurnal variation between 8% and 18% was middle drought stress, which was not the bottom line of affecting the ornamental of S. japonica ‘Golden stem’. The water content in the soil content below 8% would make a serious impact on the growth and ornamental of S. japonica ‘Golden stem’. The application of S. japonica ‘Golden stem’ in the landscape and architecture should be avoided in the place which would be flooded for more than 15 days.

  The Volatility of Fine Root Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Loess Plateau 2012, 28 (13):  53-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3706 Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 593586KB )   ( 831 ) The aim was to study the distributed characteristic system of Robinia pseudoacacia artificial forest root in the Loess Plateau well, and consummate the fine root growth model. The paper studied on the volatility of fine root growth using Fourier series fit method, and established a model with fluctuations by revising the vertical growth model of fine root. It verified that the growth model with fluctuations fits the data more accurate, whose coefficient of determination was 0.9585, and reflect the growth of fine root with soil depth variation well, according to the investigation on fine root of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Loess Plateau. It was useful to research the fine root growth and its relationship with soil water.

  The Effects of Cultivation Measures on Growth Increment of Pinus yunnanensis Plantation 2012, 28 (13):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2800 Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 591728KB )   ( 966 ) In order to explore effective cultivation measures for Pinus yunnanesisn plantation, an combined experiments, with three sites, three good seed sources, three seedlings from different nursery soils and three planting densities of P. yunnanensis planting were carried out according to principles of orthogonally and randomized block arrangement to study the effects of different measures on the growth, including stand volume, volume per tree, diameter at breast height and tree height. The results indicated that the sizes of kinds of growth were mainly up to the sites and also affected by seed sources, but were not impacted by nursery soils. In addition, diameter at breast height was also affected by planting densities. Therefore, for better P. yunnanensis plantation cultivation, the first measure was to choose good site, the second was good seed, and the third was appropriate density.

  Changes of Endogenous Hormones During Acer truncatum Bunge Cutting 2012, 28 (13):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0187 Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 665288KB )   ( 825 ) In order to establish efficient cutting technique system, contents of 4 kinds of endogenous hormones (IAA、GA、ABA and ZR) in Acer truncatum Bunge cutting were determined with ELISA, and physiological and biochemical mechanism of rooting during cutting was studied. The results showed that contents of the endogenous hormones were closely related to rooting during cutting in Acer truncatum Bunge. Endogenous IAA at higher concentration level and endogenous ABA at lower level helped for formation and growth of root primordium in cuttings, and endogenous GA at higher level inhibited formation of adventitious root in cuttings. During different cutting periods, the functions of endogenous ZR were different, lower concentration promoted differentiation and formation of root primordium, while higher concentration benefited to growth and development of root primordium; initial contents of four endogenous hormones had different correlations with rooting rate, those of IAA and ZR were positively correlated, while those of ABA and GA were negative correlated, in which IAA was most closely with rooting rate.

  In Vitro Rapid Multiplication and Propagation from Leaves of P. simonii Carr.×P. deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’ 2012, 28 (13):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3490 Abstract + ( 1563 )   PDF ( 742126KB )   ( 859 ) In order to develop new technology for Populus simonii gene preservation and enhance its resistance to disease and pests, leaves of hybrid clone of P. simonii Carr.×P. deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’ were used as explants to study it’s in vitro culture and leaf regeneration system, and to explore the effect of different prescriptions of hormone on induction, differentiation of adventitious bud, and rooting. The results showed that: the optimum medium for adventitious buds regeneration of P. simonii Carr.×P. deltoides cv.‘Shanhaiguanensis’ was MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.04 mg/L NAA+0.005 mg/L TDZ with the maximum adventitious bud frequency (90%), number of shoots (6.8), shoot length (2.14 cm). The optimum medium for rooting of shoots was 1/2 MS + 0.1 mg/L IBA with a rooting efficiency of 90%. The plantlets thus obtained were successfully hardened and transplanted to greenhouse. 10 mg/L kanamycin could inhibit the bud regeneration of “P. simonii Carr.×P. deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’”, 20 mg/L kanamycin could inhibit the root regeneration of P. simonii Carr.×P. deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’ from the shoots. The results of this study will not only contribute to the pest-resistant area of P. simonii and the related studies of genetic transformation, but also contribute to provide important technical support for the preservation of gene pool of P. simonii.

  Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration of Dalbergia odorifera 2012, 28 (13):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3957 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 1011885KB )   ( 941 ) In order for the industrialized rapid propagation and expanding cultivation of Dalbergia odorifera and lay a certain foundation for the introduction of cold resistance genes, optimal medium composition for callus induction and differentiation was investigated, with stems, leaves, root apexes of sterile seedlings as explants and MS as basic medium. The results showed that the callus culture and plant regeneration from the various organs were successfully achieved. The optimal media for callus induction from stem segments, leaves, root apexes of sterile seedlings were 1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L, 1/2MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L and 1/4MS+6-BA1.5 mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L, respectively. The optimal media for the proliferation of clustered shoots from the callus inducted from the three organs were 1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2,4-D 4.0 mg/L, 1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2,4-D 3.5 mg/L and 1/2MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2,4-D 3.5 mg/L, respectively. The best rooting media for single shoots from the callus of the three sources were MS+NAA 1.5 mg/L, MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L and MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L, respectively. In light of the rates of callus induction, proliferation of clustered shoots and rooting, the best system of callus culture and plant regeneration of Dalbergia odorifera was established with the root apexes of the sterile seedlings as explants.

  Analysis of the Fatty Acids Compositions of Camellia in Different Growth Stages 2012, 28 (13):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0460 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 902267KB )   ( 865 ) The aim was to research the changes of fat content and fatty acid composition in the growth and development of Camellia. The fatty acids compositions of two oil-tea species in different growth stages of camellia seeds were analyzed and determined in this present. The fat-soluble ingredients of camellia were extracted using the Soxhlet extractor. Then the fatty acids compositions were separated and analyzed after methyl processing meteorological by gas chromatograph, using area normalization method to determine the relative contents of each ingredient. The results indicated that there were two peaks of grease forming in the whole development process, in early September and early October, respectively. The main components of seed fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids, and the content of oleic acid were the highest in the unsaturated fatty acids of them, followed by linoleic acid and oleic acid. Saturated fatty acids main had palmitic acid and stearic acid, while oleic acid was obviously a rising trend, palmitic acid and linoleic acid showed a downward trend clearly, stearic acid showed a slight upward trend, linolenic acid showed a slight downward trend.

  Phytopathogen Identification, Susceptibility and the Biological Characteristics of Brown Spot Disease in Camellia reticulata f. simpex Sealy 2012, 28 (13):  81-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3105 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 2289912KB )   ( 696 ) The aim was to provide the base for controlling the brown spot in Camellia reticulata f. simpex Sealy. Through field investigation, laboratory separation, identification and inoculation, the pathogen and susceptibility of brown spot disease of the Camellia reticulata f. Simpex Sealy were studied. The results showed phytopathogen was Pestalotiopsis guepini. The plant could be infected by inoculation with needle sting, and the symptom of infection could be observed in the greenhouse condition. The re-separation and identification from the infected leaf proved that it was the same pathogen as its original one. The temperature range for mycelia growth of Pestalotiopsis guepini was from 10 to 30℃, and the optimum temperature was 25℃. The sporulation temperature range was from 20 to 25℃, and the optimum was 25℃. For the conidial germination, the temperature range was from 15 to 30℃, the optimum being 28℃, and the range of pH was from 4 to 8, the optimum from 5 to 6. Thus, the Pestalotiopsis guepini had high pathogenic susceptibility to those plants with weak growth potential or wound. The study laid the foundation of etiology, infection cycle of and control system for brown spot disease of Camellia reticulata f. simpex Sealy.

  The Study on Degrading Enzymes of Cell Wall from Two Mycoparasites of Cronartium ribicola 2012, 28 (13):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3268 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 1244606KB )   ( 784 ) The aim was to provide the basis for the isolation and purification of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase, and the use of mycoparasite. β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were isolated from two mycoparasites (TR1 and TR2) of Cronartium ribicola. The enzymatic activities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were detected. The results showed that optimum temperature of β-1,3-glucanase from TR1 and TR2 was 35℃. The optimum pH of β-1,3-glucanase from TR1 was 4.0 and Km was 43.82 μg/mL. Ca2+ was activator of the enzyme and Cu2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ were inhibitors. The optimum pH of β-1,3-glucanase from TR2 was 5.0 and Km was 71.28 μg/mL. Ca2+ and Mn2+ were activators of the enzyme and Cu2+, Fe3+, Al3+ were inhibitors. Activators of chitinase from TR1 and TR2 were Mn2+ and Ca2+ and inhibitor was Cu2+. The optimum temperature of chitinase from TR1 was 40℃ and the optimum pH was 6.0, Km of the enzyme was 92.49 μg/mL. The optimum temperature of chitinase from TR2 was from 30℃ to 50℃. The optimum pH was 5.0 and Km was 71.11 μg/mL. β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase produced by TR1 and TR2 possess high stability, so that it was feasible to use crude enzyme directly in field control of blister rust.

  Influence of Callus of Ostryopsis davidiana on the Mycelium Growth of Cenococcum geophilum Fr. 2012, 28 (13):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3610 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 830732KB )   ( 841 ) The latest research showed the obstacle of mycorrhizae formation was lack of some signal material that can induce mycorrhizal fungi mycelial to grow and branch. The co-cultures of callus of Ostryopsis davidiana and its mycorrhizal fungi were established for improving mycorrhizal fungi cultivation methods. And the secondary metabolites of the co-culture were studied. Using the dry weight method, the influence of the O. davidiana callus and homogenate and secretion of callus on the mycelium growth of Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (Cg) was investigated in vitro. The results showed that, the two strains which co-cultured with the host callus could obviously promote the fungal hyphae germination and growth. At the same time, homogenate and secretion of callus could also facilitate early mycelia growth. While the most effective method was the co-cultures, and the single colony dry maximum biomass of each Cg strain reached to 63.5 mg and 45.2 mg. The research of preliminary got a good cultural method of ectomycorrhizal fungi mycelium which could evidently upgrade the growth of the hyphae. The O. davidiana callus cells surely secreted some biochemical substances that promoted the growth and branch of hyphae in the progress of the growth.

  Isolation of Actinomycetes from Diaoluo Mountain and Control Effects Test against Banana Wilt in the Field 2012, 28 (13):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0302 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 2990174KB )   ( 835 ) In order to sift Actinomyces efficiently against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense from virgin forest, antagonistic assay in plates, potted control effect test and field trials were conducted. 385 strains of Actinomyces were isolated from soil samples which were collected from Diaoluo Mountain virgin forest, 16 strains of these Actinomyces were proved to have resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, and strains DL-28 and DL-24 have prominent bioactivity. The results of potted control effect test showed that the average control efficacy of DL-28 and DL-24 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was 83.65% and 76.51%. And result of field trials demonstrated that after the bananas were planted seven months, the average control efficacy of strains DL-28 and DL-24 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was 46.5% and 60%.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Different Desert Shrub in Ulan Buh Desert 2012, 28 (13):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3279 Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 813900KB )   ( 840 ) The aim was to provide the foundation to establish the evaluation indicators system of the drought resistance of the desert shrub and to select the excellent afforestation species. One-year-old seedlings of the six desert shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert, Nitraria tangutorum, Nitraria sibirica, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Caragana korshinskii and Reaumuria trigyna were selected as experimental materials. The pot experiment was conducted with the repeated drought method. Many morphological and growth indices and photosynthetic and water physiological indices were measured. After the treatment of PCA, their comprehensive analyses on drought resistance were conducted with the subordination function method. It was showed that eight indices, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, water potential, branch length, root dry weight, lateral root number, total leaf number and lateral branch number, could be treated as the important indicators of drought-resistant evaluation for the desert shrub. Compared with the water normal treatment, the value of stomatal conductance and water potential of all shrubs decreased in the water stress treatment, but the water use efficiency increased. Among the six shrubs, Reaumuria trigyna was provided with the maximum variation range. Meanwhile the morphological and growth indices presented the different variation differences for the six shrubs. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the multi-indices analysis, the drought-resistance order of the six desert shrubs was as follows: Reaumuria trigyna > Zygophyllum xanthoxylon > Caragana korshinskii > Nitraria tangutorum > Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Nitraria sibirica.

  The Effects of Salt Stress on Physiology Response and Seedling Growth of Two Q. aliena Varieties 2012, 28 (13):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3576 Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 808825KB )   ( 823 ) The aims were to investigate the salt tolerance of Quercus aliena var. pekingensis and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata , and compare their mechanism difference. The two-year old seedlings of Quercus aliena var. pekingensis and Quercus aliena. var. acuteserrata were studied under salt stress. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (1‰-4‰). The growth, physiological response of seedlings and k+, Na+ distribution were detected. The results showed that with the increment of salt concentration, the total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of two varieties decreased significantly, Quercus aliena var. pekingensis reduced by 30%, and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata decreased by more than 50%, while the relative permeability of plasma membrane in leaves of two varieties increased, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata increased by 29%, compared with Quercus aliena var. pekingensis. The SOD activity, proline and soluble protein contents of Q. acuteserrata were significantly lower than that of Q.pekingensis. More K+ were transfered from root to stem and leaf, conversely more Na+ stayed in root with two varieties. However, Q.pekingensis could maintain constant K+ content in 15 mg/g, as compared with Q.acuteserrata. Therefore, a conclusion could be drawn that both varieties were tolerant to less than 3‰ substrate salt. Salt tolerance of Q. pekingensis was better than that of Q. acuteserrata.

  The Study on Fertilization Control Trial of Light Medium Seedlings of Toxicodendron succedaneum 2012, 28 (13):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3866 Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 716910KB )   ( 834 ) In order to systematically study the matrix field planting seedlings of light lacquer technique, with four factors, three-level orthogonal design, the effects of the time interval by fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the seedling high, to stem, root to shoot ratio, seedling index were studied. The results showed that: Fertilization interval of height, to stem, root to shoot ratio, seedling index had a very significant impact, urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride on the use of seedling height, ground stems, seedling index had significant effects, while urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, the use of the impact of root to shoot ratio was not significant. The process of fertilization in the nursery, fertilization more frequently, the higher the height, to the more coarse stems, shoot and seedling index the greater the interval of fertilization and the best time and best fertilizer. The simulation optimization, optimal fertilization program was added to the water when 100 kg of urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, respectively 0.826, 2.122, 1.696 kg, once every nine days pouring a times to seedlings, this fertilization was the best.

  Effects of Different Silvicultural Techniques on Physiological and Biochemical Indexs of Sea Buckthorn 2012, 28 (13):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3717 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 731032KB )   ( 788 ) In order to improve the afforestation survival percentage, and the strategies for the increase of water use efficiency, promote better growth of trees, to provide some theoretical basis for vegetation construction in semi-arid valley of Tibet, the planting test was established at the semi-arid valleys land in Tibet, using different silvicultural techniques, such as covering stone, covering film, covering straw, covering egg-tray and using water retaining agent. The author researched the changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of sea buckthorn leaves in different measures. The results showed that: to some extent, different measures had increased the survival rate, the relative water content and chlorophyll content in leaves were improved under the different measures, but the contents of soluble sugar, malondiadehyde and proline in leaves were increased. It was showed the introduction of new silvicultural techniques played an irreplaceable role in improving the survival rate in arid regions, increasing water use efficiency and promoting better growth of trees in semi-arid valleys land.

  Forest Fire Prediction Based on Support Vector Machine 2012, 28 (13):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0579 Abstract + ( 1555 )   PDF ( 914143KB )   ( 1093 ) The support vector machine (SVM) was employed to predict the burned area of forest fires, to build the optimal kernel, and the semi-definite programming was used when solving the SVM problem. Also, the regression error characteristic curves were provided to illustrate the accuracy difference between the classic regression model as well as the SVM model based on gauss kernel. The experience had the result of 1.76 of the mean square error and 190 of the support vector number, approximately a half of the training number, which showed that the model had a relatively high accuracy compared to the classic regression method and a prevailing kernel. The result also indicated that the method effectively avoided the over-learning phenomenon and that it was useful for improving firefighting resource management.

  The Stand Spatial Structure Research of the Secondary Forest in Longhu Mountain in Southern Dongting Lake Wetland 2012, 28 (13):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3388 Abstract + ( 1436 )   PDF ( 805073KB )   ( 969 ) In order to optimize spatial structure of forest types of the Dongting Lake wetland, making full use of water conservation, soil conservation, climate regulation and other functions of the wetland forest, the author took the forestry farm secondary forest in Longhu Mountain in southern Dongting Lake wetland as the study area. Based on the theory of modern forest ecology and forest management and the existing stand spatial structure analysis methods, the author made use of mingling index and neighborhood comparison to analyze the stand tree species space segregation and the degree of size differentiation of individual trees, eventually, came up with a new method which was based on uniform angle index and spatial density index to analyze stand spatial distribution pattern, which made up for a shortage that traditional research methods could’t exactly reflect individual distance between the trees by neighborhood pattern. The results showed that the mingling indexes of southern Dongting Lake Longhu Mountain forest farm secondary forest sample plot 1, 2, 3, 4 were 0.29, 0.43, 0.46, 0.16, belonging to the transitional type of the mingling of low and moderate and the segregation of tree species was not high, which was due to human interferences with times; that the average neighborhood comparison were 0.45, 0.43, 0.7, 0.22, the grow superiority of the volunteer was obvious; and that the average uniform angel indexes were 0.65, 0.47, 0.53, 0.40, tree distribution pattern was on the between of ball and random distribution, closed to natural random distribution. So the stand spatial structure of Longhu Mountain forest farm secondary forest community was appropriate to research recover the forest ecosystem spatial structure and manage close to nature in the wetland area of the Dongting Lake.

  Study on the Undergrowth Vegetation Diversity of Four Planted Forests in Changsha Suburb 2012, 28 (13):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0702 Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 638414KB )   ( 797 ) In order to investigate the species diversity of 4 different planted forests in the suburbs of Changsha, the author selected the richness, diversity, dominance index to analyze and study the species diversity of the region. The results showed that Margalef abundance index of shrub layer was: Liquidambar formosana>Cinnamomum camphora>Cunninghamia lanceolata>Pinus elliottii. The diversity index in Cunninghamia lanceolata was minimum. The tend of evenness index was Pinus elliottii>Cinnamomum camphora>Liquidambar formosana>Cunninghamia lanceolata. The richness and diversity index of herb layer was Cinnamomum camphora>Cunninghamia lanceolata>Liquidambar formosana>Pinus elliottii. The evenness index in Pinus elliottii was minimum, which was opposite to ecological dominance. Richness and diversity index in shrub layer were higher than the herb layer. The evenness index was herb layer>shrub layer, except Pinus elliottii. Ecological dominance in Cunninghamia lanceolata was shrub layer>herb layer, which was opposite to the other forest.

  Research Progress in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ginseng 2012, 28 (13):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3747 Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 540171KB )   ( 964 ) Photosynthesis is the basis of ginseng dry matter produced and it has an important effect of ginseng on yield and quality. This paper reviewed the photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng, summarized the photosynthetic characteristics of diurnal variation and the variation of different growth stages of ginseng, analyzed the factors affecting photosynthesis, including light intensity, light quality, temperature, CO2, source-sink correlation, light spot influence the photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng. The problems were pointed out, for example the photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng were not given too much emphasis, and only one single factor was emphasized on the influence of the photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng. The future research was provided.

  The Effect on Chlorophyll Content and SPAD of ‘Yuyan87’ under Different Fertilizations 2012, 28 (13):  147-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3292 Abstract + ( 1326 )   PDF ( 705364KB )   ( 849 ) To explore the effect of N, P, K, S mixing fertilization on SPAD and chlorophyll content of ‘Yunyan87’ tobacco, a study was carried out on the SPAD and chlorophyll content as well as the relationship between them by currency four factors quadratic rotation design. The results showed that there was significant difference between the SPAD and chlorophyll content of different fertilizer treatments. The SPAD and chlorophyll a, b and total content under no-nitrogen treatment were the lowest and showed the significant difference among others. However, the treatment with the most nitrogen fertilization did not reach the maximum in the whole growth period. Except treatment 13 and 17, the leaf middle SPAD reading was not significantly different with the means with the tobacco growth and leaf expansion, therefore the leaf middle part was recommended to determine the SPAD value. It was feasible to diagnose the tobacco leave chlorophyll content by SPAD rapidly under different stages, but the correlation between SPAD and chlorophyll during different periods was different. They had better binomial relationship during the rosette period, the regression equation of total chlorophyll was y=-0.0085x2+0.6803x-10.911 (r=0.7483), and the two had better power relationship during the prosperous long-term period, the regression equation of total chlorophyll was y=0.004x1.7371 (r=0.8514).

  Establishment and Application of Climatic Suitability Indicator of Rape in Anhui Province 2012, 28 (13):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0225 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 584432KB )   ( 891 ) In order to evaluate the suitability of climate condition in rape’s growth period, and provide the scientific guidance for the government strategy and farmers’ field management and agricultural production, by using the meteorological data from rape planting area in Anhui Province, and on the basis of physiological characteristics of rape and the research results of predecessors, the suitability models in different regions about climate were constructed, and the suitability models had been verified. According to the relationship between climate suitability and bumper or poor harvest index of rape, climatic suitability indicators on different time scales were set up. The results indicated that the climatic suitability model could dynamically reflect the suitable level of meteorological condition on rape growth/yield. Climatic suitability indicators had high evaluation accuracy, and they could satisfy the needs of operational services.

  Amplification and Sequences Analysis of ITS and β-tubulin from Phytophthora capsici 2012, 28 (13):  159-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3693 Abstract + ( 1530 )   PDF ( 754509KB )   ( 1081 ) The aim was to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of phytophthora capsici. in Hunan Province. The infected plants were collected from Zhijiang and Ningxiang. By separating and inoculating the detached leaves, two strains of phytophthora capsici were obtained. Their genes were amplified and sequenced by PCR with ITS and β-tubulin primers. The results and some known related sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the disease could be identified by detached leaves inoculation, the length of ITS sequence was 770 bp and β-tubulin was 780 bp. Phylogenetic tree proved that the affinity of different phytophthora capsici variety might relate to their geographic origin, and also provided a basis for analyzing the genetic diversity of phytophthora capsici from Hunan Province.

  Identification of Resistance to Phytophthora Blight in Hot Pepper Using Molecular Marker 2012, 28 (13):  163-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0032 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 962421KB )   ( 771 ) In order to identify resistance to phytophthora blight of hot pepper quickly and accurately, the phytophthora blight resistance of 36 hot pepper materials was identified by two molecular markers closely linked with resistance genes and field surveys. Identification results by molecular markers completely consistent with the results of field surveys on 26 materials, including 22 resistant materials and 4 susceptible materials. 3 materials had the opposite identification results by two ways. 4 materials had the different results in two markers. These differences may be caused by the diversity of resistance loci and diverse expression of resistance genes.

  Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of 11 Asparagus Germplasm Materials 2012, 28 (13):  167-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0165 Abstract + ( 1595 )   PDF ( 582496KB )   ( 706 ) In order to provide references for development of asparagus industry in coastal salt-affected land, and then breed and select salt-tolerant asparagus variety, germination rate and seedling fertility index of 11 asparagus germplasm materials in NaCl stress were analyzed in article. The results showed that: different varieties of asparagus had different salt tolerance ability. From the perspective of germination rate, ‘NJ956’, 06-9 could germinate in 0.5% salt concentration still, were the best; and ‘NJ982’ and ‘Appollo’ could hold 0.4% salt concentration followed; ‘Champion’ and 06-6 could endure 0.2%-0.3% salt concentration only. From the perspective of seedling growth, ‘Shuofeng’ was the best in salt-tolerance, and followed by 06-9, ‘NJ982’, ‘Appollo’, ‘NJ956’, ‘NJ978’ and ‘Champion’. Synthetized asparagus germination rate and seedling growth in salt stress, 06-9, ‘NJ982’, ‘Appollo‘, ‘NJ956’, ‘NJ978’, ‘Champion’ and ‘Shuofeng’ could tolerate 0.3% even higher salt-stress, were suitable for salt tolerance germplasm materials.

  Establishment of Molecular ID in Auricularia auricula in Heilongjiang 2012, 28 (13):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3644 Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 1235079KB )   ( 888 ) Genetic diversity of wild Auricularia auricula strains in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed, and a set of molecular ID were established for them. 28 wild Auricularia auricula strains were collected from Heilongjiang Province and analyzed its genetic diversity by using SSR markers through clustering method by NTSYS, and according to fragment size of allele variation, the data numeralized from the AGE bands were analyzed by the software ID Analysis 1.0. The results showed that 131 polymorphic alleles were detected with 7 SSR primers. There existed much difference in specific indices of varieties, ranging from 23.015 to 53.827 with an average of 30.00. The results from the clustering analysis by NTSYS showed that these wild strains could be divided into three groups at similar level of 0.58. 5 primers could be used to identify all 28 wild Auricularia auricula strains. The AGE pattern of each cultivar amplified with the 5 primers could be used as a molecular ID of the strains.

  Isolation and Identification for A Wild Fruiting Body-forming Fungus 2012, 28 (13):  176-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3167 Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 662382KB )   ( 960 ) The aim was to isolate and identify a wild fruiting bogy-forming fungus which was obtained from Beijing Xiang-mountain. The mycelium was isolated from wild fruiting body-forming fungus. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium and fruiting body then used as template for the ITS gene PCR amplification. ITS gene fragments were purified and sequenced. The sequences were analyzed using phylogenetic method. PCR analysis showed that the isolated mycelium came from the wild fungus’s fruiting body. ITS sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the fungi belonged to the genus Agaricus. Genbank accession number of the ITS gene was JN907016. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA4.1 software showed that the wild fungus had a high genetic distance, which was up to 97.2%, with A. fuscofibrillosus WC913. Identification of the isolated wild fungus using molecular biology method could analyze the genetic status and lay the foundation for the exploitation of the wild fungi.

  Effect of Matrix Moisture on Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Activity and Polyphenol Content of Potting Red Fuji Apple yan zhang 2012, 28 (13):  180-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3669 Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 724330KB )   ( 1253 ) In order to study the effect of matrix moisture change on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and polyphenol content in apple fruits the potted red Fuji apple was used as the experiment material and the PAL activity and polyphenol content at different time were measured after matrix moisture changed. The results showed that PAL activity in peels and flesh both increased firstly and then decreased by the time past, but differ in the time got the highest point. When the matrix relative water content of 50%-55% and 65%-70% increased to 80%-85%, the PAL activity significantly higher than the same period of the other treatments, but did not have any difference in flesh, and the polyphenol content in peels and flesh significantly lower than the same period of the other treatments.

  Changes in Sorbitol Content and Its Related Enzyme Activities Between ‘Jiubao’ and Wild Peach During Peach Fruit Development 2012, 28 (13):  185-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0936 Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 748688KB )   ( 798 ) This experiment was carried out to study changes in sorbitol content and its related enzyme activities during peach (Amygdalus persica) fruit development, in order to find any relationship between sorbitol and splitting. The contents of sorbitol and the activities of sorbitol-metabolizing enzymes, including sorbitoldehydrogenase (SDH), sorbitoloxidase (SOX) were studied in different development of wild peach and cultivating peach ‘Jiubao’. At first period of fruit development, the content of sorbitol in mesocarp of wild peach was higher than that of ‘Jiubao’, the activities of SDH and SOX were the same. In second period of fruit development, the content of sorbitol in endocarp of wild peach was higher than that of ‘Jiubao’, but the activities of enzyme was opposite. In this period, the metabolism of sorbitol was more active to benefit the hardening of endocarp. In the third period of development, the content of sorbitol in mesocarp of ‘Jiubao’ was higher; it showed the ‘Jiubao’ fruit depend on external sugar source to develop until maturity.

  Isolation and Qualitative Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria for Sweet Cherry 2012, 28 (13):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3023 Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 2099037KB )   ( 832 ) For further research on the main pathogenic bacteria of postharvest sweet cherry fruit, three varieties of sweet cherry fruit as test materials, the pathogenic bacteria of sweet cherries was isolated and identified in low temperature storage, and their development process was studied. The results showed that the four main pathogenic bacteria of the fruit sweet cherries was Monilinia Honey, Gloeosporium laeticalor Berk., Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl. and Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr..

  Cloning and Prokaryotic Expressing of Coat Protein Gene of Cherry Virus A 2012, 28 (13):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3683 Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 1090857KB )   ( 1028 ) In order to prepare the special antiserum of cherry virus A, the coat protein gene of CVA was cloned, the prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and the expression condition was optimized. According to the complete genome sequence of CVA in Genbank (NC_003689.1), specific primers were designed to amplify the coding region of coat protein by RT-PCR, the PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-CVACP was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3). Isopropyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was used to induce expression of recombinant protein. Sequence analysis showed that the amplicons included 603 bp nucleotides, encoding 201 amino acids. There were 96.8% identical with the isolate PF (HQ267856.1) from France and 86.3% identical with the isolate JKSPMi-5 (FN669548.1) from India. The prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-CVACP was constructed successfully, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that a specific recombinant protein of approximately 24 kDa was induced in the BL21 (DE3) which the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-CVACP was transformed into and the optimized expression condition was 37℃, and 1.5 mmol/L IPTG with 4 hours.

  The Effect of Harvest Stages on Ambient Storage Quality of Mango Fruits 2012, 28 (13):  200-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3410 Abstract + ( 2322 )   PDF ( 764646KB )   ( 767 ) The effects of different harvest stages on postharvest quality of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. ‘Hongmang No.6’) during storage at ambient temperature were studied to provide theoretical basis for rational harvesting of mango fruit. The changes of weight loss, decay index, flesh firmness, vitamin C (Vc), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA) and TSS/TA of mango fruits were determined. The results showed that in mango fruits harvested too early, the TA and Vc levels were higher, and TSS and TSS/TA were lower than those harvested timely. However, in mango fruits harvested too lately, the weight loss and decay index were higher, and softening was faster than those harvested timely. These results suggested that the optimal harvest stage of ‘Hongmang No.6’ mango fruits was 120 days after full bloom and the suitable harvested physiological index were that the mass fraction of TSS and TA were 6.40% and 0.85% respectively.

  Genetic Diversity of Zhuhai Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Revealed by AFLP Analysis 2012, 28 (13):  204-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3492 Abstract + ( 1350 )   PDF ( 771011KB )   ( 874 ) In order to study the Population Subdivision and genetic variation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Zhuhai of Guangdong Province, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the DNA fingerprint of 20 different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Zhuhai, Zhanjiang and Taishan. One isolate of F. equiseti (FOC017) from tissues of Musa ABB was chose to be biological control. 17 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were from Zhuhai, including 12 Foc race 4 isolates, 2 Foc race 1 isolates and 3 non-pathogenic isolates. Two Foc race 4 isolates from Zhanjiang and one Foc race 1 isolates from Taishan. The results showed that a total of 253 AFLP bands were obtained using 8 primer combinations, and 97 of them, covering 38.34%, showed polymorphism. Genetic distance of 21 isolates ranged from 0.41 to 0.95, averaged 0.85. Results of UPGMA analysis divided 21 tested isolates into three major groups, which was race 1, race 4 and non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. AFLP analysis revealed that the diversity level of race 1 was greater than that of race 4 and there was a correlation between AFLP groups and geographic origin of tested isolates. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was high among tested isolates from Zhuhai.

  Comparative Research on Appearance and Internal Qualities in Different Banana Cultivars 2012, 28 (13):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3396 Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 694768KB )   ( 852 ) In order to evaluate the quality of the pros and cons of different varieties of banana. The paper investigated and evaluated the appearance qualities of 8 banana cultivars of Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province, and the internal nutrition content of their fruit were determined. The results showed that the appearance qualities of different banana cultivars differentiates each another, and that of ‘Williams’, ‘baxiyoubian’ and ‘beidaaijiaoNo.2’ were better. The internal contents of different kinds of banana cultivars were different. Starch, vitamin C and tannin of different cultivars have larger magnitude of changes, but the soluble sugar and organic acids of different cultivars had smaller changes. In short, the qualities of ‘Williams’, ’baxiyoubian’, ’beidaaijiao No.2’ were better.

  Primary Bioinformatics Analysis of the SBP Gene Family in Strawberry 2012, 28 (13):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3503 Abstract + ( 1569 )   PDF ( 805588KB )   ( 951 ) The aim was to study the function of SBP gene family in strawberry. Various bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the phylogenesis of SBP protein sequences and the localization of SBP genome, their amino acid composition, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as secondary and tertiary structures. The result showed that these 16 amino acid sequences could be clustered into 3 groups together with 16 SBP sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana, which illuminated that SBP genes had highly conservative between strawberry and Arabidopsis thaliana. Further genetic mapping of SBP genome localization found that they could be distributed on 6 chromosomes. The research still found that the number of amino acid and hydrophobic of amino acid sequences in different subfamilies presented some differences, however, the results of secondary structure predicted that the main composition of 16 amino acid sequences was random curl and the tertiary structure of all the sequences were quite similar. SBP gene family plays great role in plant growth and development. The results of this investigation could definitely provide a significant foundation for further research on function analysis of SBP gene family in Strawberry.

  Effects of Different NO3- Concentrations on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Strawberry Seedling 2012, 28 (13):  221-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3368 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 607812KB )   ( 707 ) In order to find out the optimal NO3- concentration of strawberry seedling in nutrient solution, using the ‘Sweet’ strawberry to do the experiment, the study with nutrient solution has been done to investigate the effects of different NO3- concentration on growth and photosynthetic characteristics in strawberry seedling. Five different NO3- concentrations at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol/L were designed. The results indicated that the plant height, the second functional leaf area from the growing point, dry weight of stem and leaf, dry weight of root, pigment content, net photosynthesis rate of strawberry seedling increased with NO3- concentration ranging from 0-15 mmol/L, while decreased in the treatment of 20 mmol/L NO3-. Compared with 0 mmol/L NO3-, the treatment of 15 mmol/L NO3- enhanced the contents of soluble sugars, vitamin C, soluble proteins and allicin by 150.73%, 285.68%, 145.67%, 272.03%, 131.54% and 153.46%, respectively, in strawberry seedling.

  The Effect of N Application on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Blueberry 2012, 28 (13):  225-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0678 Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 813919KB )   ( 905 ) In order to improve the yield and quality of blueberry fruit, the author found that nitrogen was one of the most important mineral elements in the growth of blueberries. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the growth, yield and quality of 5-year-old northern highbush blueberries ‘Bluecrop’. Different nitrogen dosage was: no N 0 g/plant (CK), 10 g/plant (N1), 20 g/plant (N2), 30 g/plant (N3). The results showed that the yield per plant of N1 higher than CK by 3.5%, the same time, N2 and N3 was lower than that of CK. The phenolics and anthocyanins contents were the highest in N2, respectively of 1.51 mg/(g?FW) and 3.38 mg/(g?FW), higher than CK by 7.09% and 19% ,but the two contents of N3 were lower than CK. As glucose, fructose, and soluble sugar content increased with the nitrogen application rate, and showed an increasing trend. In conclusion, the application of N fertilizer on blueberry yield and fruit quality were tested significant effects, but had no significant effects on leaf nitrogen content. Within a certain range, N fertilization could significantly improve the fruit quality of blueberry.

  The Test Report in Small Plastic Shed Transplanting Techniques in Field of Tissue Culture Seedling of Sugarcane 2012, 28 (13):  230-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3921 Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 890883KB )   ( 695 ) In order to increasing the seedling of survival rate which transplanting in different season in field. Through set up small plastic shed to grow bare-root seedling of ROC22 which were virus-free by tip culture. We compared the effects of different treatments of propagation and different set mode of vent at the top of the small plastic shed, transplanting days and season to survival rate and growth when bare-root seedling transplanting in field. Study on the methods to curtail periods of propagation, in the meantime increase rate of survival and growth when bare-root seedling transplanting in field. The results showed that, the survival rate difference between different treatments of propagation was not significant. On the day of transplanting at the top of the small plastic shed to set up vent with 1-2 cm, the transplantation survive rate were 93.5% which reached very significance level than contrast. It was suited to use small plastic shed to grow bare-root seedling transplanting in field which transplanting days between 20 days to 40 days and February to October each year. Fundamentally to reach curtail periods of propagation, to decrease the middle of annual ring and reduction in production costs.

  Effects of Artificial Lighting of Plantlets from Sugarcane Tissue Culture on the Transplanting Survival Rate 2012, 28 (13):  235-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3908 Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 698619KB )   ( 757 ) In order to increase the seedling of survival rate which provisional planting in winter and carry out our intention of annual and mass production of tissue culture seedling of sugarcane. We adopt culture of seedling with artificial lighting to meet to cold and rainy weather. We compared the effects of different densities and power of infrared radiation type light bulb to survival rate when seedling provisional planting in sand bed. Study on the methods of increasing seedling of provisional planting survival rate when to meet to cold and rainy weather. The results showed that, the survival rate difference between different power of infrared radiation type light bulb was not significant. Every meter to set up a lamp of infrared radiation type light bulb at the top of the seedling shed, the provisional planting survive rate were 84% which reached very significance level than contrast. We had carried out our intention of annual and mass production of tissue culture seedling of sugarcane.

  Residues Dynamics of Beta cypermethrin in Lycium 2012, 28 (13):  239-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3665 Abstract + ( 1362 )   PDF ( 626171KB )   ( 859 ) To evaluate residues dynamics of Beta cypermethrin in Lycium, field trail for Beta cypermethrin residue in Lycium was conducted in Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The results showed that the residues and degradation dynamics of Beta cypermethrin in Lycium conformed completely to the equation of first-class reaction kinetic. The half-life of degradation for Beta cypermethrin was 5.2-6.5 days in Lycium berry, 4.8-8.8 days in Lycium, According to the recommended dosage, the final residue ranged from 0.0108 to 0.460 mg/kg of Beta cypermethrin in Lycium. The maximum residue limit was recommended 1 mg/kg in Lycium.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Actin Gene Fragment from Sedirea japonica 2012, 28 (13):  243-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3582 Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 1092800KB )   ( 867 ) The aim was to clone Actin gene from leaf of Sedirea japonica, the results would provide an important basis to study the function of Actin and to research the molecular regulatory mechanisms of other genes as a reference gene. Degenerate primers were designed based on the conserved sequences of the Actin genes from other plants. Total RNA was extracted from the leaves of Sedirea japonica. Three Actin gene fragments were obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequencing result revealed that each of three Actin gene fragments from Sedirea japonica contains 1062 bp, encoding a protein of 354 amino acids. Homology comparison with other plants Actin gene sequences in the GenBank showed that they shared over 80% nucleotide sequence homology and 96% amino acid sequence homology with other plants Actins. The cloned genes were Actin gene fragments, were named as SeACT1, SeACT2 and SeACT3 respectively. They were registered into GenBank (respective accession number: JN981138, JN981139 and JN981140).

  Study on Influence of Different Comprehensive Drought Resistance Technology on Flue-cured Tobacco Agronomic and Economic Characters 2012, 28 (13):  249-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3485 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 628522KB )   ( 686 ) In order to solve the problem of low soil moisture of tobacco field’s ridge during transplanting season and saving seedlings as well as promoted the tobacco plants to grow rapidly in Kunming Flue-cured Tobacco Area. We adopted randomized block experiment in Yanglin, Songming Country of Kunming City to study the effect that the drought-resistance techniques such as film mulching, straw mulching, film mulching with water retaining agent, straw mulching with water retaining agent, double mulch with film before and straw after, water retaining agent and no film mulching have on the agronomic and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The experiment result showed that: (1) double mulch with film before and straw after, plastic mulch + SAP, straw mulch + SAP, all these could improve the environmental condition of tobacco growth, effectively reduced the drought stress of tobacco in early growth period, and promoted tobacco growth as soon as possible, also increased the production, output value and quality, among the best was double mulch with film before and straw after. (2)For applying SAP, straw mulch while covering with film, transplanting, the drought resistance would weaken as the extended drought time. (3) Tobacco without drought resisting measurements not only grew slowly, but both of the economic and agronomic traits were the worst.

  Study on the Ratio of Utilization of Release of Fertilizer with the Coating Fertilizer Based on Soil-less Culture 2012, 28 (13):  255-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3966 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 590710KB )   ( 566 ) In order to research influence of growth of the tobacco with coated compound fertilizer in soilless cultivation, with the new coating material as the Idesia polycarpa var. vestita oil and producing the coated-released-fertilizer, the method of pot cultivation experiment was used in the growth of tobacco. The result showed that the weight of fresh bio-mass of the tobacco was 657.8 g in coated-composite fertilizer and that was 513.5 g in composite fertilizer and that was increase 148.3 g in soilless agriculture, the quality of dry matter of production of per gram. Coated compound fertilizer was up to 6.1 g higher than ordinary composite fertilizer. The proof was tested that the coated-composite fertilizer as coating material with Idesia polycarpa var. vestita oil was good production.

  Study of Effect on Starch Contents of Tobacco by Diverse Curing Techniques 2012, 28 (13):  259-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3058 Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 640983KB )   ( 827 ) Different maturity flue-curing tobacco leaves including unripe, mature, ripe and overripe at different stalk positions were cured respectively by three curing technique. The three curing techniques were made by different yellowing, color-fixing temperature and humility conditions which were lower temperature and lower humidity, middle temperature and middle humidity, middle temperature and higher humidity. The starch content of tobacco leaves was determined. The results indicated that the starch content of fresh tobacco build up with the rise of leaf and decreased with the increase of degree of maturity. By the technique of lower temperature and lower humidity, it was not beneficial to decrease the starch content of tobacco leaves. By the technique of middle temperature and middle humidity, it was good for raising flue-curing quality after flue-cured of mature at middle position and ripe at upper position. The starch content of tobacco leaves decreased significantly. The starch content of tobacco leaves after-cured decreased substantially by the technique of middle temperature and higher humidity. The interaction existed between maturity, flue-curing technique and stalk positions.

  Study on Physical and Chemical Properties and Maturity of Liquid Fertilizer from Vegetable Waste During Retting 2012, 28 (13):  264-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1220 Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 873323KB )   ( 842 ) In order to explore and promote the new ways of the vegetable waste utilization, the cabbage waste and the tomato seedlings waste were chosen as raw materials. In consideration of the way to the pretreatment of raw materials, 12 treatments were set. After 96 days of retting, a liquid organic fertilizer was produced. The results of the experiment showed that: in the same time and retting conditions, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the leaf vegetable waste was transferred to liquid fertilizer more easily than those in vegetable seedlings. Chopping could affect the leaf vegetable waste greater than vegetable seedlings. Inoculation slurry and cellulose decomposition bacteria could not influence the results obviously. Aeration obviously changed the fermentation state, especially speeded up the degradation of organic matter, increased the loss of nitrogen volatilization, and could make nitrogen, phosphor and other nutrient absorb by microbes and transfer faster to solid phase.

  Improved Phosphogypsum Matrix 2012, 28 (13):  271-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3885 Abstract + ( 1429 )   PDF ( 744141KB )   ( 598 ) To find out whether the improved phosphogypsum matrix can be used as farmland or not, chinese cabbage, Brassicachinensis, Brassica juncea Cosson and spinach were chosen to be planted on the improved phosphogypsum matrix. The characteristics of enrichment and migration of Cd and Zn in different parts of 4 vegetables were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of Cd and Zn in 4 vegetables were 0.004-0.039 mg/kg and 45.56-361.89 mg/kg, respectively. Cd could meet safety qualification for agricultural product-safety requirements for non-environmental pollution vegetable, however, Zn could not meet this standards. The rule of Cd and Zn distributed in different parts was ranked as root>stem>leaf. The enrichment coefficients of Cd and Zn were 0.23-0.47 and 0.90-3.19, respectively, moreover, Zn＞Cd, showing enrichment ability of Zn was stronger than Cd and Zn could be easily absorbed by vegetables. The migration rate of Cd and Zn in vegetable showed as underground parts＞ground parts.

  Effects of Abamectin Mixed with 5 Bactericides against Tetranychus urticae Koch. 2012, 28 (13):  276-280.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3603 Abstract + ( 1989 )   PDF ( 707724KB )   ( 794 ) In order to clarify the effect of abamectin after mixing with bactericides. We measured the mortality of abamectin of abamectin mixed with 5 bactericides against Tetranyclus urticae Koch. by slide-dipping in the lab. The results revealed that effects against T. urticae of abamectin (LC50=0.080 mg/L) mixed with cercobinm, difenoconazole, tebuconazole at the concentrations of 700-87.5 mg/L, 200-12.5 mg/L and 688-43 mg/L respectively showed obviously synergism. There was no influence on the mortality as the bactericide dose decreased, while was antagonism trend as the bactericide dose increase, abamectin mixed with evil ketone flusilazol showed additive action, while mixed with abamectin and carbendazim, mancozeb showed minus effect function.

  Field Efficacy Test of Fluopyram on Cucurbits and Strawberry Powdery Mildew 2012, 28 (13):  281-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3648 Abstract + ( 1374 )   PDF ( 555363KB )   ( 961 ) The effective insecticides were selected to control strawberry powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca aphanis and muskmelon powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea which damaged melon and strawberry through the field trials. The results indicated that fluopyram showed better rapidly and durable effect, in which the control effect was the highest, the control effect was above 95%, after applied insecticides for 7 d and 14 d. However, the control effect of fluopyram to S. aphanis and S. fuliginea which damaged cucumber strawberry was poor comparatively and its highest effect the control effect was only 90%. The result showed that fluopyram were suitable insecticides for application to control both diseases.

  Effect of Harvest Time on Yield，Quality of Pinellia Ternata 2012, 28 (13):  285-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1577 Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 711905KB )   ( 803 ) Appropriate harvest time was studied to provide service to Pinellia ternata production in Karst warm climatic zero. Adopting small plot experiment in the field, taking fresh tuber yield, total alkaloids content and big, middle, small tuber as investigation basis, we studied effect of different harvesting time (time from August 1st to September 30th was divided into five harvest time) on yield and total alkaloids content. With the delay, fresh tuber yield of Pinellia ternata appeared an inverted-U parabola. Harvesting on September 1st, fresh tuber yield (1.51 kg/m2) was the tallest, total tuber number (1440.3 grain/0.5 m2) was the largest, proportion of middle tubers’ quantity to total grain quantity was 56.1%, total alkaloids content(0.0303%) was the tallest. So early and mid-September was the best harvest time of Pinellia ternata in Karst warm climatic zero.

  Cultivars Investigation and Numerical Classification of Ornamental Malus spp. in Beijing 2012, 28 (13):  290-296.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3506 Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 735855KB )   ( 762 ) Malus are important temperate ornamental plants, the cultivars classification of which is far from perfect. The paper made the cultivars investigation and recordation of Malus in Beijing on basis of field survey. This paper recorded 21 introduced cultivars from North America, 3 domestic cultivations and one domestic wild species, and made cluster analysis using DPS software with selected 20 traits. According to International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), the 25 crabapple varieties were divided into 4 major groups: the red double group, pink double group, dark univalve group and light univalve group. The Euclidean distance between every two cultivars was from 2.78 to 9.67, all 25 varieties can be distinguished; this result was consistent with the result of morphological classification. The framework embodied the content of binary classification and was consistent with the international laws and regulations.

  Species Survey of Tylenchidae Parasites in Rhizosphere Soil of Garden Trees in Nanjing 2012, 28 (13):  297-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3619 Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 1322081KB )   ( 922 ) In order to ascertain parasitic nematode species and distribution condition in rhizosphere soil of garden trees in Nanjing, and hope it to give the science basis for taking effective measures to prevent nematode disease. In a rhizosphere parasitic nematode species survey of 40 species of garden trees in Qixia, Jiangning and Pukou district of Nanjing from October, 2009 to July, 2010, 3 nematode species of Tylenchidae were observed and identified, they were Filenchus vulgaris, Filenchus hongkongensis and Aglenchus muktii. Filenchus hongkongensis and Aglenchus muktii were new recorded species in Jiangsu Province.

  Research on the Grey Space of Urban Park—— Take Harbin Sun Island Park as an Example 2012, 28 (13):  303-310.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3591 Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 1144849KB )   ( 906 ) Put forward as a building concept, “grey space” mainly refers to the transition space of the connection between indoor and outdoor. In recent years, this term has been gradually applied in the field of landscape architecture. Based on the former research of grey space in landscape and architecture, this paper put forward the definition of “urban park grey space”, and identified the properties, shape, density, and types of “urban park grey space”. The author conducted specific studies on the 12 grey spaces in Harbin Sun Island Park, classified these spaces into four categories according to their shape and analyzed these samples from quality, density and types three perspectives. Through the analysis above, this paper will provide some beneficial inspirations for the future design of urban park.

  Survey of Application of Flower Border into Urban Roads in Qinhuangdao 2012, 28 (13):  311-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3653 Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 630014KB )   ( 713 ) Flower boarder plays an important role in constructing urban road landscape. Application status of flower boarder in 18 urban roads in Qinhuangdao was surveyed and analyzed by field investigation. The results were showed that: (1) the flower border plants was 57 species, belonging to 27 families and 51 genus, including 16 species, 26 families and 30 genus in central reservation, and 25 species, 46 families and 50 genus in basic green belt; (2) for flower border type, major mixed border and perennial border were found at central reservation. The 4 types including perennial border, mixed border, shrub border, and one or two-growing seasons border were found at basic green balt, but the first two type was dominate. Based on this situation, some recommendations were presented to strengthen introduction and domestication, and strengthen regional characteristics, increase the applications of hardiness and frost plant, and optimize the species structure of flower border.