Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.12 Published:25 April 2012

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  Effect of Straw Returning on Soil Fertilizing, Grain Yield and Quality of Rice 2012, 28 (12):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2751 Abstract + ( 1761 )   PDF ( 583986KB )   ( 1082 ) Straw returning is an important way for effectively using the straw resources. Straw returning has great effects on soil structure and nutrient situation, greenhouse gas emission and crop yield. In order to make full use of straw resources, and discusses the straw utility, this paper summarizes the returning techniques, and the effects of straw returning on soil characteristics, rice yield, grain quality and greenhouse gas emission. The paper also gives advice on the future research on extensive straw returning in terms of simplified cultivation with straw returning, the environmental effect of straw returning under different rice cultivation models and the effect of different crops straw returning, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of crop straws, improving the yield and quality of rice, and protecting the environment.

  ERF Subfamily Transcription Factors and their Potential Breeding Roles’ Research Progress in Cotton 2012, 28 (12):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0171 Abstract + ( 1829 )   PDF ( 610903KB )   ( 1349 ) Yield and quality of cotton have been seriously influenced by the Verticillium wilt and environment stresses such as drought, salinity, cold and so on. Molecular biology has been employed to make cotton more resistant to disease and variety stresses. ERF subfamily members of ethylene-responsive factor of ERF family show improved disease-tolerance and stress-tolerance no matter in wild type or in over-expression plants. In this paper, structure, classification, function, signaling transduction pathway and application of ERF subfamily genes from different species in different wild type or transgenic plants were reviewed, and suggestions were made about cotton resistant breeding according by researches of ERFs in different plants.

  The Advance on Calcium Nutrition Research of Peanut 2012, 28 (12):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2759 Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 576143KB )   ( 1076 ) This paper reviewed the symptoms of calcium deficiency, the effects of calcium nutrition on the growth and development, yield components, quality, morphological and anatomical structure and the mechanism of biochemistry and molecular biology of peanut crop. The combined effects of applying calcium and other fertilizers were summarized and several judging criteria of calcium deficiency of peanut were compared. The future research areas of calcium nutrition should focus on the followings: further demonstrated the internal mechanism of calcium deficiency that resulted in unfilled peanuts; improved diagnostic methods and judgment criteria of calcium deficiency; widely collected and screened peanut germplasm with tolerance to low calcium or high utilization of calcium and improved related cultivars; enhanced the precise, fast, efficient, sustained-releasing applying technology of calcium fertilizers.

  The Research Progress of Crop Regulated Deficit Irrigation in Greenhouse 2012, 28 (12):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2723 Abstract + ( 1463 )   PDF ( 591197KB )   ( 787 ) For the soil-plant-environment continuum systems inside greenhouse, researches always focused on water loss and absorb and crop water use efficiency. Irrigation was the only water source for greenhouse crops. This paper started from the new technologies and methods of water-saving irrigation of recent years-drip irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation, and summarized the research of regulated deficit irrigation of greenhouse. It composed the production mechanism, the adaptive irrigation index of regulated deficit irrigation, the environmental factors work on regulated deficit irrigation, especially, the crop’s reflection to the water deficit during the different growth period.

  Analysis on Combining Ability of Resistant Starch Content in Rice Grain 2012, 28 (12):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2472 Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 581347KB )   ( 919 ) Resistant starch has a variety of important physiological functions on human body. The inheritance of the grain resistant starch content was investigated by a 62 diallel design and 6 combinations’ reciprocal cross in order to obtain the rice hybrids with high resistant starch content. The results showed that: Resistant starch content was influenced by additive, non-additive effects and the cytoplasm effect, and mainly by additive effects. The general combining ability (GCA) effect was varied between varieties. ‘Jiangtangdao1’ and ‘Bing9331’ showed high positive general combining ability effects, and the general combining ability effect values were 0.303 and 0.101 respectively. The others showed negative general combining ability effects. The expression of parental resistant starch content was obviously correlated with specific combining ability effects, but was significantly correlated with the general combining ability effects and the expression of F1 hybrid, indicated that the parental value could be used to forecast the heterosis in hybrid rice.

  Biodegradation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Derived from Three Kinds of Paddy Soils 2012, 28 (12):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0511 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 642314KB )   ( 1109 ) In order to understand the biodegradation and the role of DOC in carbon cycle in farmland ecosystems, with incubation experiments, the author selected three kinds of paddy soil which were the red paddy soil, huangni soil and wushan soil, and then extracted the DOC from paddy soil to estimate the biodegradation of the DOC. The results showed that: the DOC content and three kinds of paddy soils were 31.64-49.25 g/kg, wushan soil had a slightly higher DOC content than huangni soil, while red paddy soil had the lowest DOC content. During the 42 days of incubation, there was a broad range of biodegradation DOC (from 54.8% to 66.6% of total DOC), and decreased in the order of huangni soil, wushan soil, red paddy soil. The law was consistent with a double exponential decay model. DOC was composed of two different degradation rate constituents which were labile DOC and refractory DOC, the turnaround time of easily degradable part (labile DOC) was within 1-2 days and the turnaround time of hard degradable part (refractory DOC) was within 64-278 days. During the incubation, the ratio of complex structure dissolved organic matter in DOC solution increased in the period of early incubation, and then declined in the late period, which was related to the rapid biodegradation of labile composition in DOC solution.

  Cloning of wx-B1a Gene Partial Sequence and Construction of its RNAi Expression Vectors 2012, 28 (12):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1045 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 1228011KB )   ( 1291 ) In order to obtain wheat wx-B1a gene-specific RNAi expression vector，the total RNA was isolated from wheat grain of 12-day post anthering, a pair of special primers was designed according to the wx-B1a gene (GenBank No. AB019623), wx-B1a partial cDNA sequences (461 bp) was amplified by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that, the cloned wx-B1a gene sequences were high homology with the reported waxy genes in GenBank previously. Then the fragment ligated to the FAD2 Intron1 (Arabidopsis FAD2 Intron) in sense and antisense orientation to produce a hairpin fragment. The hairpin fragment was then inserted downstream of the endosperm specific expression promoter of high moleculer weight glutein gene 1Dx5. And a RNAi vector was obtained, which was drove by HMW-GS 1Dx5 promoter in pBAC47p. This RNAi vector will be used to breed good-quality noodle lines with high yield-strong gluten wheat.

  Research on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Two new Wheat Varieties 2012, 28 (12):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-3503 Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 823435KB )   ( 822 ) In order to compare the physiological and biochemical characteristics among new varieties, ‘Aikang58’ and ‘Zhoumai18’ as the experimental materials, physiological and biochemical characteristics including photosynthetic characteristics, protein content, soluble sugar content, SOD activity, plant height and the thousand-grain weight were compared. The results indicated that, at filling period net photosynthetic rate of ‘Aikang58’ was 3.4% lower than ‘Zhoumai18’, while SOD activity and soluble sugar content of that were higher respectively by 24.1% and 15.2%. It also showed that protein content of ‘Zhoumai18’ was higher than ‘Aikang58’ by 17.6% at booting stages and 21.4% higher at filling period. But protein content was negatively correlated with yield. When mature period, plant height of ‘Aikang58’ was lower than ‘Zhoumai18’ by 1.9%, and grain weight was 1.1% higher. It should be concluded that ‘Aikang58’ had characteristics of higher yield and greater lodging resistance.

  Effects of Climate Change on the Suitable Sowing Time of Winter Wheat in Zhengzhou City 2012, 28 (12):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2960 Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 667225KB )   ( 914 ) In order to evaluate effects of climate change on the suitable sowing time of winter wheat in Zhengzhou City, the data of temperature and growth development of wheat were analyzed. The results indicated that: accumulated temperature from October to December were on the rise, and it had significant positive correlation between accumulated temperature and growth of wheat, correlation coefficient were 0.720 and 0.495; meanwhile the last day of suitable temperature for wheat sowing showed to postpone, for the last day of 17℃, 5 days and 6 days to postpone during 2001-2010 compared with 1981-1990 and 1991-2000, respectively. For the last day of 15℃ 5 days and 4 days to postpone during 2001-2010 compared with 1981-1990 and 1991-2000, respectively. So it was considered that, the suitable sowing time of winter wheat was during October 11 to 31.

  The Influence of the Continuous Cotton Cropping on the Physical Properties of Cotton Field in Different Cropping Systems in South Xinjiang 2012, 28 (12):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2968 Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 714143KB )   ( 881 ) In order to determine the influence of the continuous cropping cotton on the physical properties of cotton field, continuous cotton cropping for 3 years, 10 years and 15 years respectively in south Xinjiang were studied by measuring and analyzing the physical properties of cotton field in different cropping systems which involved rice→wheat-green manure→cotton cropping system (R-W-G-C), and rice→cotton cropping system (R-C). The results showed that after 10 years of continuous cotton cropping the R-W-G-C was better than R-C in term of soil water regime. The soil bulk density of R-W-G-C system was reduced by 2.5%, 2.8% respectively after continuous cotton cropping for 3 and 15 years when compared with the R-C system; There was significantly difference in soil porosity among the different continuous cropping years at 0.01 level. It could be speculated that the cropping system which adapted to arid south Xinjiang area was the rice→wheat-green manure→cotton, and the continuous cropping years should be no more than 15 years.

  Experiments and Studies about Effect of Obstacle Cold Disaster on Cotton During the Flowering and Boll Stages in the Cotton Region of Shihezi 2012, 28 (12):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2835 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 868655KB )   ( 793 ) For the purpose to supply the quantitive index of severe cold disasters and cold resistance on cotton, the simulated experiment of low temperature, applying intelligent artificially climate box, was carried out in Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station in Xinjiang during 2003-2005. The responses of cotton at flowering and boll-forming stages to low temperature and duration of the low temperature were studied. The results showed that, the leaf, bud and bell of cotton broke off abnormally after supplying low temperature. The leaf began to break off on the eighth day, and the reduced rate was more than 35% in the treatment of low temperature 11.5-18.5℃ for 2-4 days, but the bud & bell was on the sixth day and 55% respectively in the same treatment. The reduced rate of leaf was less than 25%, and the leaf numbers was stable on the 18th to 23rd, and the reduced rate of bud & bell were all more than 70%, in the treatment of low temperature 11.5-22.5℃ for 2-4 days. The comprehensive analysis showed that, the response of bud and bell to suffer the same low temperature range were more sensitive than the leaf, and the reduced rate were more serious than the leaf during the flowering and boll-forming stages. The two treatments with the different minimum temperature and the same maximum temperature, the smaller diurnal temperature the higher decrease rate of leaf.

  The Effects of Water Stress on the Degradation of Storage Materials during Peanut Seed Germination Process 2012, 28 (12):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2794 Abstract + ( 1133 )   PDF ( 956099KB )   ( 984 ) To clarify the effect of water stress on the seed storage material content during seed germination, the different concentration of PEG solution were simulated water stress on different varieties for germination test. The result showed that during the peanut seed germination, the seed soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch content showed a decreasing trend with germination time extended. And the content increased gradually with the increase of stress concentration. The seed storage material content in the stress treatment was higher than that of the control. Fat was the major peanut storage material, but the change amplitude was very small in water stress conditions and even some varieties increased slightly. The degradation rate and intensity of seed soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, fat and the other major seed storage material were depressed during seed germination under water stress. These changes could affect the seed germination.

  Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield Components in Yuetang Series of Sugarcane Varieties 2012, 28 (12):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3656 Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 566294KB )   ( 964 ) Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, path coefficient analysis and determination coefficient analysis were undertaken among yield and its components in ten Yuetang series of sugarcane varieties to clarify the relation among yield and its components and the relative contribution among yield components. Simple correlation among yield and its components revealed positive and extremely significant correlation between yield and stalk number (0.643**), yield and stalk length (0.650**), stalk length and stalk number (0.234**). There was a non-significant but positive correlation between yield and stalk diameter (0.025) and a negative and extremely significant correlation between stalk diameter and stalk number (-0.416**), stalk diameter and stalk length (-257**). However, partial correlation analysis showed that, there was extremely significantly positive correlation between cane yield and its components (0.854**, 0.836** and 0.741**). Multiple regression equation was y=0.235x1+0.370x2 +48.795x3-202.674 (ry.123=0.924**) and F value reached extremely significant level. Path coefficient analysis and determination coefficient analysis in the case of yield components showed revealed that, the stalk number was the most important character with the highest direct effect on cane yield relative to stalk length and stalk diameter. Increase the stalk number could improve significantly cane yield. The stalk number emerged as the most important traits influencing cane yield and was the direction of high yield breeding and cultivation. In high yield breeding of sugarcane, firstly we should strengthen the selection intensity of stalk number, and secondly take the important yield components stalk length and stalk diameter in account.

  Soil Fertility Condition in Xinfu Area, Shanxi Province 2012, 28 (12):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2984 Abstract + ( 1425 )   PDF ( 797194KB )   ( 910 ) In order to improve the quality of formula fertilization by soil testing in Xinfu area, 7582 soil samples from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed to study the soil nutrients condition and affecting factors in this area. The results showed that soil fertility after 2006 was much higher than that at the 2nd National Soil Survey, but the content of available P decreased year by year after 2008, from 23.99 mg/kg in 2008 to 12.53 mg/kg in 2010. The proportions of soils with high content of organic matter, total N, alkali solution N, available K or available P increased obviously, but the proportions of soils with high content of alkali solution N or available K decreased in 2010. The contents of SOM (14.45 g/kg) and available P (17.83 mg/kg) in fluvo-aquic soil were significantly greater than those in Sinnamon soil (14.15 g/kg and 14.88 mg/kg), while the content of available K was in verse. Soil fertility of high altitude locations decreased year by year. Soil nutrients condition was significantly affected by natural factors such as soil type and altitude, which should be take into consideration when fertilizer application was recommended. In conclusion, together with straw returning, more N, P, and K fertilizers should be applied in low-fertility soils, especially in the soil with high altitude.

  Extraction of Total DNA from Petroleum-contaminated Soil 2012, 28 (12):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3342 Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 843508KB )   ( 1322 ) The aim was to seek a method of high concentration, large fragments of soil microbial total DNA from oil polluted soil. The genomic DNA was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil by SDS-based cell lysis, SDS-enzyme method, improved SDS-enzyme method, kit method, respectively. The results showed that all of the four methods could extract microbial DNA from petroleum-contaminated soil, but there were some differences in extraction and purity; extracted rate of DNA the laboratory improved method was better than other methods, the purity of DNA the kit method was the highest. Twenty times diluted DNA which extracted by the improved method could be used for PCR. After a certain amount of soil samples of DNA extracted about 23 kb size, the extracted total microbial DNA was nice in extraction and purity, the improved method without purification could be used to PCR amplification and other molecular biology operations.

  The Effects of the Propagation Condition on the Three Kinds of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi 2012, 28 (12):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3888 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 656988KB )   ( 1158 ) In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost for culturing Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a pot experiment 3×2 factor was conducted with Zea mays and Trifolium pretense L. as host plants and three AMF species, Glomus intraradices (G.i), Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Glomus versiforme (G.v) were inoculated under three different substrates (P1, P2 and P3) individually which composed by sand, grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and peat. And designed in two nutrient supply levels (H0: no additional nutrition, H1: 10%Hoagland’s). Three indexs, AMF colonization, photosynthetic characteristics of the host plants and spore density were measured and thereby to select a best light substrate and and its corresponding concentration of different AMF. The results showed that P2 (vermiculite, grass carbon, sand=4:1:1) was best for G.m and G.i but P3 (perlite, vermiculite, grass carbon, sand=2:2:1:1) for G.v. It was not only because of better colonization, higher photosynthetic efficiency but also much more spores than other substrates. However, it was necessary to point out that the adding of nutrient solution dramatically reduced spore density of G.m, G.i and G.v by 43.51%-96.26%, 57.50%-99.39% and 27.79%-92.56%, respectively. What’s more, the colonization of three AMF species was also decreased to different extents. The mechanism needs to be further studied.

  Isolation, Identification and Degradation Characteristics of Chlorimuron-ethyl Degradation Bacteria 2012, 28 (12):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2965 Abstract + ( 1326 )   PDF ( 670154KB )   ( 1719 ) In order to solve the soil chloride-ethyl residue on the soil of hazards, from the long-term application of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil isolated one pair of chlorimuron-ethyl with degradation of the strain. Through the use of physiological and biochemical, 16S rDNA identification and high-performance liquid chromatography was to study the physiological and biochemical characteristics, and degradation characteristics. The results showed that, the strain of Pseudomonas, the optimum growth temperature of 30-35℃, pH 5-6, the best inoculum size was 5%. Ultimately concluded that, the optimum growth conditions in bacteria could be 100 mg/L of ethyl chloride as the sole nitrogen source in the medium, and cultured for 5 days, the degradation rate of 80%, mixed with its L-7 degradation rate to 90%.

  Measuration of Lysozyme Activity 2012, 28 (12):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3605 Abstract + ( 1899 )   PDF ( 812387KB )   ( 1968 ) To address the current problems of Micrococcus lysodeikticus Fleming (turbidity) method for the determination of Lysozyme activity，such as not unified measurement conditions, poor repeatability, four main influence factors have been studied which were respectively the range of Lysozyme activity, substrate suspension absorbance value range, measuring temperature and cell preparation in this paper. Ultimately, the study expected to be the best test conditions and substrate preparation method. The results were as follows: (1) the Lysozyme activity curves had good linear relation when the Lysozyme active range of 75 to 250 U/mL and substrate suspension absorptance value range of 0.45-0.77 (wavelength 450 nm)，in general accord with the GBT 25879-2010; (2) In measuring temperature 25~50℃, substrate suspensions of absorbance difference (△OD450) increased with the rise of temperature. Appropriate to improve the measuring temperature can improve the measuring accuracy, which is needed to be further studied; (3) For large-scale sample test, frozen bacteria was selected as the optimum substrate, which had good linear relation, better repeatability and storage stability.

  Establishment of Chromatographic Fingerprint by HPLC and Quality Assessment of the Different Variety Colored Rice from Yunnan Province 2012, 28 (12):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3216 Abstract + ( 1244 )   PDF ( 1652337KB )   ( 869 ) The aim was to establish the method of fingerprint analysis by HPLC for the quality control of the different variety Colored Rice from Yunnan. The fingerprint was performed by HPLC-UV. The conditions of chromatography: Venusil ASB-C18 (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm) was used with a mobile phase of methanol-water, flow rate:1.0 mL/min, detection wave length at 262 nm, column temperature 30℃. A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to establish the fingerprint of the different variety Colored Rice from Yunnan and 24 samples from various batches were analyzed, in the result eleven common peaks were determined. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to study on HPLC fingerprint, the result of PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the samples were divided into two types. The fingerprint with hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis was one of feasible methods for identifying the different variety Colored Rice which could be used to provide useful information for quality evaluation.

  Appraisal and Appliance of Barley Germplasm Resources 2012, 28 (12):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2992 Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 678171KB )   ( 939 ) In order to make the large of barley germplasm which domestic bred and introduced to be used reasonable, 41 domestic and foreign two-rowed malting barley had been classified based on grey relation grade analysis of agronomic character. The results showed that, for the varieties which composited character performed well: such as number 2, number 8, number14, after introducing experiment could attend area experiment directly; number 1, number 3, number 12, number 16, number 24, number 38, number 40, number 41 could be used as important parents. The individual plant height of number 1, number 3, number 16 and number 40 varieties could be improved, and the protein contents of number 38, number 41 could also be improved. Number 21, number 22, number 25, number 27, number 31 could be treated as excellent parents for seed selecting. Number 10, number 17 and number 23 which comprehensive expression was not very well could be eliminated courageously, in order to decrease breeding load and cut down cost.

  Isolation and Identification of Strains for Digesting Free-gossypol and Toxicity Test 2012, 28 (12):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3121 Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 910701KB )   ( 923 ) To obtain high efficient gossypol-degraded bacteria, a strain named M-9 was isolated from a soil microcosm by used the gossypol as the only carbon resource and investigated due to the finding that it could degrade free-gossypol. After observe its morphology, analyzed its biochemical characteristic and combine with 16S rDNA sequence, it was identified as the Bacillus subtilis preliminarily. The detoxification research showed that, the M-9 bacterial strain had the ability to be degraded the free gossypol in the cottonseed cake, and the rate of degradation was 94.74%, residual quantity was up to our national feed hygiene standard (GB13078-2001), the free gossypol content of the feedstuff cottonseed cake was no more than 1200 mg/kg. And via toxicity feeding test, we make sure that, the treatment to the bacterial strain M-9 had reduced the toxicity of gossypol.

  The Research on High Yield Cultivation Technology of the High Starch Ipomoea Batatas Lam Based on Orthogonal Experiment 2012, 28 (12):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2967 Abstract + ( 1594 )   PDF ( 703432KB )   ( 869 ) The ipomoea batatas lam is one of world staple food crops, also is the important industrial crop and the feed crops. In recent years, the domestic scholars have conducted the massive research to the high yield cultivation technique of the ipomoea batatas lam. In order to improve the yield of ‘Shangshu 19’, the article uses the orthogonal experiment method through combining the experiment, basing on the cultivation technology of ipomoea batatas lam in different transplanting time, planting density, ridge width, ridge height four factors. The article conducts the contrast experimental study for the ipomoea batatas lam, in order to select the best comprehensive technique measures and guide the field production. The results showed that, the five combinations got the highest yield. There were significant differences with other groups. The important cultivation and management measures were the timely plug, the proper ridge and the rational application of fertilizer.

  Identification and Correlated Analysis on Cold Winter Resistance of Cytoplasm Male Sterile Lines and Maintainers in Kenaf 2012, 28 (12):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2332 Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 651456KB )   ( 962 ) In order to select strong cold winter resistance of cytoplasm male sterile lines and maintainers in kenaf, increased its ability to winter cultivation. Cold resistance of 7 group cytoplasm male sterile lines and maintainers in kenaf according to indicators such as wilt degree and rate of survival plant in early spring were identified. The analysis of membership function showed that: (1) the cold resistance of male sterile lines in kenaf was better than its maintainer lines; (2) the order on cold resistance 7 group materials: L23 > 763 > P3 > K03 > 722 > 917 > F3. Analysis of correlation coefficient showed that: (1) there were highly significant positive correlation between average of cold resistance strength △ with leaves number, survived rate of winter, stem water content and soluble protein, proline of leaves, stem soluble protein, proline of leaves showed significantly positive correlation; (2) there were highly significant negative correlation between △ with degree of wilt, leaves conductivity, stem MDA, and stem conductivity showed significantly negative correlation. The different combinations of cytoplasm male sterile lines and maintainers in kenaf, of some differences in cold resistance, its strength showed certain regularity with some of physiological and biochemical indicators.

  The Effect of Different Soil Types on the Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen from Manure and Peptides Fertilizer in South China 2012, 28 (12):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2646 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 771853KB )   ( 894 ) In order to clarify the nitrogen supply of manure and peptide fertilizer in two types of soil in southern China, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of manure and peptide fertilizer on Momordica charantia yield and the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen in both sandy loam soil and loamy clay soil. The main results were as followed: peptide fertilizer significantly increased plant biomass and production compared to chicken manure fertilizer. Soil Nmin and the apparent mineralization of organic nitrogen in the clay loam soil were significantly higher than those in the sandy loam. Nmin with peptide fertilizer was significantly higher than that in the chicken manure treatment in sandy loam soil. However, in loamy clay soil Nmin had no difference between peptide fertilizer and chicken manure treatment. The application of peptide fertilizer application significantly increased the apparent mineralization of soil organic nitrogen regardless of sandy loam or loamy clay soil. In the sandy loam soil, the apparent mineralization of organic nitrogen in organic fertilizer for peptide treatment was significantly higher than that in chicken manure treatment, however, in the loamy clay soil, there was no significant differences for the two treatments. In conclusion, the soil type affected the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen, the supply of soil nitrogen with peptide fertilizer application was better than chicken manure treatment, and the apparent mineralization of organic nitrogen in peptide fertilizer in the sandy loam soil was better than that in loamy clay soil.

  Effect of BGA Soil Conditioner on Saline-alkaline Obstacle Soil 2012, 28 (12):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2956 Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 701299KB )   ( 1000 ) In order to solve the problem of soil saline-alkaline obstacle in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, improve saline-alkaline obstacle soil quality, and increase land productivity, the application effect of BGA soil conditioner on saline-alkaline soil and crops was studied and evaluated through field plot experiment. The results showed that compared with no fertilizer BGA soil conditioner improved the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkaline obstacle soil, promoted the growth of oil sunflower, rice and Chinese wolfberry, increased significantly the yield of three crops, improved the quality of oil sunflower and rice. Compared with balanced fertilization BGA soil conditioner improved the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkaline obstacle soil, promoted the growth of oil sunflower and rice, increased significantly the yield of three crops, improved the quality of oil sunflower. It was feasible to apply BGA soil conditioner to improve saline-alkaline obstacle soil if the production cost of BGA soil conditioner could be reduced effectively and BGA soil conditioner could be combined with chemical fertilizers, and it was valuable to further research and develop BGA soil conditioner.

  Influence of Grazing Effects on Soil N2, N2O, NO and CO2 Emissions 2012, 28 (12):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3301 Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 674532KB )   ( 1371 ) To get better know the emissions of greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) and the end product of denitrification, dinitrogen (N2) in the typical grassland of Inner Mongolia, a gas-flow-soil-core technique with the helium-environment incubation system was used to measure these emissions from two grazing treatments. Two soil temperature (5oC and 20oC) and two levels of soil oxygen content (10% and 20%) were set for our laboratory expriement. The results showed that emission rates of N2, N2O, NO and CO2 were in the range of 0.3-2.0 [μg N/(h?kg)], 0.02-0.4 [μg N/(h?kg)], 0.08-0.7 [μg N/(h?kg)]) and 0.01-1.9 [mg C/(h?kg)], respectively. The N2 emissions were 8-17 times as high as N2O emissions. Due to the higher spatial variability, no significant differences of N2, N2O, NO and CO2 emissions and two grazing treatments were detected. Soil temperature and soil water content had a positive effect on N2, N2O and NO emissions, whereas the soil oxygen content had no effect on their emissions.

  Analysis of the Christian Belief Heat in Rural Areas and Social Work Interference 2012, 28 (12):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2875 Abstract + ( 1618 )   PDF ( 628858KB )   ( 1066 ) The aim was to make people comprehend Christian belief rationally, and lead coordinate development of Christian belief and socialist society, using the method of literature analysis, about the phenomenon of Christian belief heat in rural area, the reasons from the society, personal and the attraction of Christianity, and the complex influences to the rural society. Some countermeasures were put forward from the perspective of social work interference to reduce the negative effects, such as improving peasant’s overall quality, executing the social security system effectively, understanding the Christianity correctly. Other countries’ Christian belief practice could be used as reference and guidance for Chinese Christian belief.

  Research and Application Progress of SNP Markers 2012, 28 (12):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0074 Abstract + ( 2357 )   PDF ( 593739KB )   ( 3797 ) SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) marker, as a molecular marker of the third generation, plays an important role in molecular genetics, pharmacogenetics, forensic medicine, diagnosis and treatment of diseases recently. In this paper, the definition and characteristics of SNP molecular marker were both introduced. And the application profiles of Bin map, high throughput SNP-chip classification and population evolution research on the basis of SNP molecular marker was presented respectively. Finally, the problems of SNP molecular marker at the present stage were proposed, and the prospects of SNP molecular marker was predicted as well.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor Gene Fragment in Maize (Zea mays) 2012, 28 (12):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3247 Abstract + ( 1543 )   PDF ( 1850472KB )   ( 1245 ) In this study, maize (Zea mays) seedlings with three leaves were used as experimental materials, a NAC transcription factor gene fragment was cloned and sequenced. The specific primer was designed according to the specific conserved domain of NAC transcription factor, and a gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR. The results showed that, the fragment was 230 bp, and belonged to the NAC family NAM subfamily. The fragment laid the foundation for cloning the full-length of maize NAC transcription and stress-resistant breeding in future.

  Cloning, Expression of Linamarase in Cassava and Characterization of its Recombinant Protein Activity 2012, 28 (12):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3556 Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 1114498KB )   ( 971 ) Linamarase is a kind of enzyme, which can degrade Linamarin in cassava, croton and other crops. The structure of this enzyme is very similar with myrosinase. Our study on this enzyme was avail to announce the relationship between cyanogen glycosidase enzyme and myrosinase, at the same time also reveal the origin of myrosinase. Linamarase gene was cloned from cassava, the yeast expression vector was constructed and then transformed into pichia pastorios GS115. Purified recombinant protein of Linamarase was obtained after induction and affinity purification. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that, the recombinant protein concentrated was in the 71 kD molecular weight around. The optimal temperature of this enzyme was about 37℃, and the optimal pH was about 5. The Km was 1.70 mmol/L, and Vmax was 8.36 μmol/(min?mg), while pNPG was used as the substrate.

  Research on Different Methods of Genomic DNA Extraction from Several Resource Plants in Huangshan 2012, 28 (12):  169-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3573 Abstract + ( 1717 )   PDF ( 839242KB )   ( 1072 ) In order to protect our natural resources based on molecular biology and appreciate the comprehensive development and utilization value, we carried out a pilot study on molecular biology of several resource plants in Huangshan. The abstraction methods of genomic DNA from the leaves of several resource plants in Huangshan, such as Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju, Artemisia argyi, Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f., Chimonanthus salicifolius S.Y.H and Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu had been studied. The three methods, usual CTAB, modified CTAB and SDS were compared. Then using ultraviolet specrophotometer and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis tested the purity and integrality of the genomic DNA extraction. The experiment results indicated that, the modified CTAB method received better effect to extract the genomic DNA from Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat) Tzvel. cv. Gongju, Artemisia argyi and Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f. The usual CTAB method received better effect extract the genomic DNA from Chimomanthus salicifolius S.Y.H. For Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu, SDS method received better effect. The DNA distracted by the three methods showed better integrity by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. So the DNA extraction could be used for molecular biology analysis.

  Cloning and Prokaryotic Expressing of Coat Protein Gene in Prunus Dwarf Virus 2012, 28 (12):  177-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2810 Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 917798KB )   ( 1065 ) In order to preparate Prunus dwarf virus’ special antiserum, the coat protein gene of PDV was cloned, the prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and the expression condition was optimized. The sweet cherry leaves which is infected with PDV is the test material and the total RNA was extracted from them. According to the coat protein gene of PDV in Genbank (L28145.1), specific primers were designed to amplify the coding region of coat protein by RT-PCR, the PCR products were cloned and sequenced, the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a -PDVCP was constructed and the recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3). Sequence analysis showed that the amplicons (NCBI: JF333587.1) included 657 bp nucleotides, encoding 217 amino acids and shared the similarity of 89.2%-93.9% at nucleotide acid level and the identity of 97%-99% at amino acid level with other PDV isolates. The phylogenetic tree constructed with the complete nucleotide sequences of the CP gene showed that PDV isolates were divided into 3 groups, Taian, Brazil, Turkey et al isolates belonged to groupⅠ. The prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-PDVCP was constructed successfully and the fusion protein was expressed by inducing in vitro. A specific recombinant protein of approximately 24 kDa was induced in the BL21 (DE3) which the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-PDVCP was transformed into and the optimized expression condition was 30℃, 1.0 mmol/L IPTG for 4 hours.

  Review of Resistance Identification of Wild Relatives Plants of Wheat 2012, 28 (12):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2656 Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 546688KB )   ( 1556 ) Wild relatives plant of wheat has excellent disease resistance characteristic, is precious genetic resources of bread wheat, is foundation of genetically modified and cultivate the high yield, good quality and high resistance to wheat main disease. The occurrence and damage of the wheat scab, powdery mildew, leaf rust, stripe rust, stem rust are described. This paper reviews wheat wild relatives for major diseases of wheat resistance identification research, including seedling and adult stage, greenhouse and field experiments, molecular marker-assisted. We point out the cases of transfer directly or indirectly outstanding gene from the wild relatives plant to wheat, and its development prospect.

  The Damage Dynamic, Spatial Distribution Pattern and Sampling Technique of Maize Rough Dwarf Virus Disease (MRDV) in the Northwestern of Zhejiang Province 2012, 28 (12):  187-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3107 Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 665747KB )   ( 979 ) The infection cycle, damage dynamic, spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique of maize rough dwarf virus disease (MRDV) in Tonglu County of Northwestern of Zhejiang Province were studied, in order to improve the monitoring, prediction and the sustained control system for MRDV disease. Infection cycle, annual dynamic and occurrence of MRDV disease were made clearly. The positive correlation was observed between till incidence of the virus disease and annual total amounts of small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. The regression equation: y= 0.860605+0.071623x (R=0.9636**). MRDV disease of summer maize was in early infection stage from late May to early June, then in fast increase period from the middle of June to the early of July, and infection peak in the middle of July. The till spatial distribution pattern of summer maize was the assemble distribution type, when till incidence percentage was higher or lower, aggregation degree declined or uniform distribution. Based on this distribution pattern, the optimal sampling technique was single line or double line linear parallel jumping method. The theoretical sampling model was as follows: n=(1.96)2/D2(1.02728/m+0.10287), and sequential sampling model were as follows: Tn=1.02728/(D2-0.10287/n). These results provided scientific basis for sampling investigating precisely and controlling effectively MRDV disease of summer maize.

  The Effect of Crude Toxins of Bipolaris sorghicola on Growth and Membrane Permeability of Sorghum Radicle 2012, 28 (12):  192-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3430 Abstract + ( 1557 )   PDF ( 747589KB )   ( 801 ) The aim was to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of Bipolaris sorghicola in sorghum. The seeds of L407B and Tx622B were treated by different concentrations of Bipolaris sorghicola crude toxins. And the radical growth inhibition rate as well as the electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected to study the effect of crude toxins of Bipolaris sorghicola on the growth and membrane permeability of different varieties of sorghum radicle. The results showed that crude toxin could obviously inhibit growth of sorghum radical. The electrical conductivity and MDA content were all higher in the group which was treated by Bipolaris sorghicola crude toxins with same concentration two days before than in control group. The electrical conductivity and MDA content were also higher in the group which was treated by Bipolaris sorghicola crude toxins with different concentration on the same treated time. It demonstrated that Bipolaris sorghicola crude toxins could reduce membrane permeability of sorghum radicle and there was significant difference among the different varieties of sorghum.

  Study on Prediction Method of Potato Late Blight in Central Inner Mongolia 2012, 28 (12):  198-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2388 Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 605911KB )   ( 983 ) Along with climatic warming and development of regionalization and scale of potato production in Inner Mongolia, potato late blight had become a significant factor that restricted the improvement of potato industry. According to analysis of the relationship between the main meteorological factors in potato growing season and the prevalence of potato late blight in central Inner Mongolia, the meteorological suitability index of the sporangium formation of the late blight was determined. Based on the numerical product of the meso-scale meteorological elements during potato blossom time, the quantitative prediction model during the late blight pathogen epidemic period was constructed. Extreme maximum temperature from June to the beginning of July, mean temperature anomaly and precipitation anomaly percentage were the crucial meteorological factors which had effect on the sporangium formation of the late blight. And the temperature and precipitation were the most important in meteorological conditions affecting the prevalence of the potato late blight. Apply to the forecasting result and the meteorological suitability index in the sporangium formation period, the prevalence degree of potato late blight could be forecasted. The forecasting precision could get 87.5%.

  Preliminary Study of the Bactericidal Activity of Lepista sordida Against Xanthomonas oryzae 2012, 28 (12):  202-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3513 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 993244KB )   ( 929 ) Culture method of microbes could obviously affect their metabolites and bioactivities. The bactericidal activity of three kinds of organic crude extracts from Lepista sordida with different culture methods against Xanthomonas oryzae was explored in this paper. These organic crude extracts were prepared from Lepista sordida cultured by solid plate, liquid surface fermentation and liquid submerged fermentation with the same medium of PD. It was showed that, ethyl acetate extract from the liquid of L.sordida by liquid submerged fermentation had significantly bactericidal activity against Xanthomonas oryzae, the pathogen of rice bacterial leaf streak, with the minimum inhibitory amount of 6.25 μg. However, the organic solvent extracts from the mycelia of L. sordida cultured by liquid submerged fermentation, from the mycelia together with medium of L. sordida by solid plate and from the liquid of L. sordida by surface fermentatarion had no bactericidal activity against Xanthomonas oryzae. In a conclusion, the bioactivity component could be obtained from the liquid of L.sordida by liquid submerged fermentation.

  Geostatistical Analysis on Spatial Structure and Pattern of Epacromius coerulipes in Large-scale 2012, 28 (12):  206-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2900 Abstract + ( 1554 )   PDF ( 880148KB )   ( 1011 ) Epacromius coerulipes was main species of grasshoppers. Geostatistical Semi-variogram and the Kriging interpolation method were used by author to study spatial distribitopm and explore forecasting methods. The results showed that this population distributed in a clump pattern in large-scale. Different directions had different spatial structures, with the minimum clump range of 426.73, 320.24, 447.55, 353.65, 85.44 km respectively in the omnidirectional and 0, 45, 90, 135℃. The simulation distribution maps of Epacromius coerulipes, which was interpolated by Ordinary Kriging, showed that the density of Epacromius coerulipes populations in north near sea of Shandong Province were higher than that in others.

  An Experiment Summary on Controlling of Proxenus lepigone Used Two Application Method of Insecticide Mixed Earth and Insecticide Mixed Wheaten Bran 2012, 28 (12):  211-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2576 Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 601577KB )   ( 1192 ) Proxenus lepigone (M?schler) is a new pest of corn in our. Country in the year of 2005, it abrupt break out in the year of 2011, scene has extended to six provinces of grow corn. Now, there is not pertinency measure and insecticide to control Proxenus lepigone. An experiment of nine pesticides with eleven treatments could be to control Proxenus lepigone, eleven treatments by divided into two techniques of insecticide mixed earth and insecticide mixed wheaten-bran. The results showed that: the six kinds of pesticides were effective to control Proxenus lepigone, these pesticides were phoxim, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, trichlorfon and cyhalothrin. The results showed that: the technique of insecticide mixed wheaten-bran was better prominent in the control efficiencies than the technique of insecticide mixed earth. At the same time, we made an assessment on the security to the small and tender crop about the nine pesticides and application methods in the experiment.

  Isolation Identification and Degradation Characteristics of Fomesafen Degradation Bacteria, Xiao-Ping Wang 2012, 28 (12):  216-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2561 Abstract + ( 1376 )   PDF ( 1004714KB )   ( 830 ) In order to study the mechanism of bioremediation in fomesafen-contaminated soil, a fomesafen degradable strain was obtained from fomesafen -contaminated soil. F-12，a bacterium which could use fomesafen as sole carbon source for growth, was isolated from the soil of long term applied with fomesafen by enrichment culture. Base on colony morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA gene sequence analysis, the strain F-12 was identified preliminarily as Klebsiella sp.. The effect of initial concentration of fomesafen, inoculation amount, temperature and pH on degradation efficiencies was studied. The optimal degrading conditions were: initial concentration of fomesafen 100 mg/L, inoculation amount of 15%, pH 6.0, respectively, under the optimal conditions, the degrading efficiency could reach more than 80% after2 days at 35℃, holding the potential of being applied in the fomesafen bioremediation of contaminated soils.

  Efficacies of Fumigants Against Soil-borne Pathogens and Their Influences on Soil Microbial Community 2012, 28 (12):  223-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0621 Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 850777KB )   ( 849 ) In order to investigate the long term efficacies of fumigants on two soil-borne pathogens and their influences on soil microbial community recovery, the authors studied the efficacies of chloropicrin (PIC) 40 mg/kg, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) 40 mg/kg and PIC+DMDS (8+32) 40 mg/kg on Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., as well as their influences on soil microbial community by using plate count, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and BIOLOG method. The results indicated that after 98 days fumigation, chloropicrin (PIC) 40 mg/kg still had significant efficacies in controlling Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., while its influences on soil microbial community had recovered to control level. PIC+dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) (8+32) mg/kg was more effective in long term Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. suppression compared with DMDS 40 mg/kg. 28 days after fumigation, influence of PIC+DMDS (8+32) mg/kg on soil microbial community diversity had recovered to control level. In line with its lower efficacies against soil-borne pathogens, DMDS 40 mg/kg had little influence on soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community diversity.

  Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Based on SRAP 2012, 28 (12):  230-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2980 Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 1545995KB )   ( 827 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for the occurrence, epidemic and control technologies of the disease, the variation and genetic structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were explored. Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis was used to detect the genetic variation in populations of the 25 C. gloeosporioides in different areas. Among 100 combinations of primer pairs screened, 6 primer pairs that amplified consistent polymorphic bands with DNA of 4 isolates were generated. They were further applied to amplify the genomic DNA of the 25 tested isolates. A total of 164 discernible bands were obtained, 156 of which showed polymorphism, and similarity coefficient was 95.12%. The dendrogram was constructed with the software NTSYSpc Version2.1 and the similarity coefficients were ranged from 0.61-0.95. The result indicated there was a close genetic relationship and abundant genetic diversity. Nonetheless, rich genetic variation existed among the tested isolates and there was no correlation between SRAP group and the geographic origin.

  Research Situation on the Isolation and Structure of Edible Mushroom Polysaccharides and Their Bioactivities 2012, 28 (12):  236-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3081 Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 565663KB )   ( 1066 ) In order to extensively investigate edible mushroom polysaccharides as an effective antioxidant resource. The article reported the extraction and purification methods, as well as the physical and chemical properties and bioactivities of edible mushroom polysaccharides by summarizing the literatures, then provided a basis for further studies and references.

  Study on the Powder-characteristics of Maca Used as Medicine and Food 2012, 28 (12):  241-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3098 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 903792KB )   ( 936 ) The aim was to study the powder-characteristics of drug-diet maca, 3 natural plant auxiliary materials and the processing parameters of direct compression technology of the compound maca-powder. By single factor and orthodox experiment, the powder-characteristics such as bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, swelling ability were investigated, SAS software was applied in the calculation. The results showed that the powder of natural plant A, B and maca all had good fillibility. The flowability had important influence on the fractionated dose of the compound maca-powder. The powder A, B used as auxiliary materials had significant effect on the bulk density (P=0.0125), volume swelling (P=0.0089) and little effect on the tap density of the compound maca-powder. The optimum condition of compound maca-powder swelling volume was obtained as follows: A was about 0.15 shares B was about 0.10 shares, C was about 0.05 shares, and the optimum swelling volume was about 2.459. The technology was reasonable in formulation and satisfactory in fillibility, swelling ability, flowability, and it could serve as theoretical basis for the industrial production of maca tablets.

  Variation of Detectable Rate of Pesticide Residue in Vegetables 2012, 28 (12):  248-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3515 Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 607683KB )   ( 798 ) In order to improve vegetables’ quality and safety of Beijing, Study the regularity of detection rate of the different types of pesticide residues, we also did testing on pesticide residual of 491 vegetable samples from Beijing. The results showed that the detectable rates of pesticide in vegetable varied with type of vegetable and culturing time. The detected rate in samples most belongs to insecticides. Cypermethrin was a kind of pesticide, which detectable rates was the highest. The detected rate in sample was high in legumes, Green-leaf vegetable and aubergine and fruits. The highest detected rate was found in May and November in the year.

  An Analysis on E-Business Marketing Model of Traceable Fresh Fruits 2012, 28 (12):  252-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3710 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 576978KB )   ( 1232 ) with the development of information technology, internet plays a more and more important role in our lives, so does the E-commerce. This paper analyzes the potential development of the traceable fresh fruits and the current situation of E—commerce in fresh fruits marketing. And, on the above mentioned analysis, this paper makes a comparison between the traditional marketing model and the E—commerce model, and thus proposes strategies that benefit the traceable fresh fruits E—commerce marketing.

  Analysis of Vegetable Consumption Features and Consumption Demand System of Beijing Residents 2012, 28 (12):  257-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2752 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 875483KB )   ( 1836 ) In the background of growing income and consumption levels of residents, research on food consumption features and determinant factors of consumption is of great importance. This paper comprehensive uses statistical analysis and ELES model analysis to analyses vegetable consumption of urban and rural residents of Beijing. According to the statistical data of income and food consumption of residents since the reform and opening up, summarize the status and changing trend of vegetable consumption and consumption structure of residents of Beijing, conclude the different vegetable consumption between urban and rural residents.

  The Study of the Relationship between the Chemical Composition and Sensory Quality about Paper-making Reconstituted Tobacco Material 2012, 28 (12):  264-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3320 Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 584479KB )   ( 885 ) In the current study, the sensory qualities and the chemical composition, including total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, chlorine, and potassium, were assessed for thirty types of debris of tobacco planted in Yunnan Province. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) Compare with ordinary tobacco leaves, the debris is significantly different in the chemical components, presenting lower concentrations of nicotine, total sugar, and reducing sugar, and higher ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine. (2) With respect to the impacts of the chemical composition on sensory qualities, the results between the correlation analysis and the canonical correlation analysis are consistent. While the simple correlation analysis reveals that the sensory qualities are pronounced affected by reducing sugar, total sugar, the difference between reducing sugar and total sugar, and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine, the canonical correlation analysis shows similar effects. The canonical correlation analysis reveals the ranking order of effect sizes, from large to small, as follows: total sugar, reducing sugar, the difference between reducing sugar and total sugar, the ratio of sugar to nicotine, the ration of nitrogen to nicotine, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, potassium, and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. (3) Based on the present study, it is concluded that the sensory qualities can be basically indicated, to some extent, by the concentrations of total sugar and reducing sugar, the difference between reducing sugar and total sugar, and the ratio of sugar to nicotine.

  Study on the Extraction Process of Polygonatum Polysaccharide 2012, 28 (12):  269-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2910 Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 693204KB )   ( 878 ) In order to study the different parameter of extracting polygonatum polysaccharides (PSP) from polygonatum by hot water and sinking in alcohol, and the best extracting process was ensured. The parameter of extracting was ensured by four-factor and three levels orthogonal experiment on the one-factor experiment and the content of Polygonatum polysaccharides were determined by UV. The results showed that temperature and time had very significant effected on the extracting rate of Polygonatum polysaccharides. The times of extracting and ratio of solid to liquid had little effected on the extracting rate of Polygonatum polysaccharides. The best extracting process was extracting temperature 90℃, ratio of solid to liquid 1:15, extracting time 4 h, extracting times 1 and the extracting rate of Polygonatum Polysaccharides was 3.2248%.

  Review on the Classification Methods of Land Use/Cover Based on Remote Sensing Image Ma You-hua 2012, 28 (12):  273-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2692 Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 620419KB )   ( 1904 ) In order to research the classification methods of land use/cover based on remote sensing image, the author reviewed the research of remote sensing image classification nearly 30 years at home and abroad, found that the remote sensing image classification methods were miscellaneous. The author also synthetically analyzed current primary image classification methods, on this base, summarized the progress of the classification methods of land use/cover from three aspects: traditional classification methods, improvement of the traditional classification methods, other new classification methods. There was lack of something which needed to be studied further, such as the combination of various classification methods of the land use/cover based on remote sensing image.

  Study on Evaluation of Agricultural Industry Cluster Based on Fuzzy Mathematics and Neural Network Theory 2012, 28 (12):  279-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2799 Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 682926KB )   ( 935 ) For some cases of the less evaluation study on agricultural industry cluster, this article uses fuzzy mathematics membership functions to deal with the indicators data. The first level vector of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used as the inputs for the Neural Network evaluation model. Then the Neural Network evaluation mode is used to evaluate the level of agricultural industry cluster. Non-linear processing capacity of neural network makes the evaluation of agricultural industry cluster more scientific, and an empirical case study of the evaluation of agricultural industry cluster in lianyungang is given.

  Analysis and Countermeasures on the Agro-meteorological Disasters of Hunan Province in 2010 2012, 28 (12):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2462 Abstract + ( 1509 )   PDF ( 1602632KB )   ( 1525 ) The occurrence of agricultural meteorological disasters and its harm were decided by unusual climate and agriculture object. And the agricultural productions are not only having obvious of regional characteristics, but also has a strong seasonal characteristics. Agricultural meteorological disasters are the major factors that affected agricultural production. The main kinds of agricultural meteorological disasters of Hunan Province in 2010 were summarized in the present paper, such as reverse spring cool, low temperature in May, flood disasters, seasonal drought, high temperature in August, cold-dew wind and so on. And the distribution and outbreak regularity of primary meteorological disasters were analyzed. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of primary meteorological disasters on agricultural production of Hunan province in 2010 were discussed in this paper. In view of the meteorological disasters all sorts of influences which affect of the agricultural production of Hunan province, some suitable for agricultural production of Hunan province disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures were put forward. And the regularity and trend of main agricultural meteorological disasters should be analyzed, in order to realize the regularity of agricultural meteorological disasters in different regions of Hunan province and its adverse effects. So the comprehensive prevention countermeasures were proposed, such as varieties selection and change, strengthening field management, forewarning before disaster, taking control measures during disaster, taking remedy after disaster and so on, in order to increase the ability of agricultural production for disasters prevention and mitigation, seeks victory minimizes losses, and provide the safeguard for agricultural production.

  Dynamic Prediction Method for Wheat Yield Based on Climatic Suitability Index in Shandong Province 2012, 28 (12):  291-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0337 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 679231KB )   ( 689 ) By using the data of wheat yield , temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration from individual main producing region, on the basis of physiological characteristics of wheat，the suitability models about temperature , precipitation and sunshine of wheat were constructed. A dynamical prediction model of wheat yield was created based on the relation between climatic Suitability and wheat yield. Wheat yield was predicted dynamically with the model from 2008to 2010, the results indicate that all the average accuracy of the bumper or poor harvest trend for Wheat yield were 100% and the average accuracy of the actual yield was 95.1%, 95.1% and 95.4% for March 31, April 30 and May 31 respectively. The dynamic prediction mode l has high prediction accuracy and can satisfy the needs of operational services.

  Analysis of Relevant Chinese Literature of Flax (Linen) Variety Based on the CNKI 2012, 28 (12):  296-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2963 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 669746KB )   ( 802 ) The relevant Chinese literature of flax (linen) variety since 1979 from the CNKI's China Journal Full Database (CJFD) was quantitative analyzed, in order to understand research situation in this field of China. The related Chinese literature using ‘Professional Search’ approach was read item by item, which were analyzed by using the classifying summation function of Excel software. The analysis results showed that the retrieved 93 effective literature were originated from 33 kinds of Chinese periodical which the published paper amount was 25.81% in the three journals of Gansu published, the relevant literature of the total 39.79% from Gansu author. Among 10 scholars of published literatures (5 articles and more), including six Gansu author. The cited frequency and download frequency of the Literature was related to content of the relevant literature, and the average cited frequency and download frequency of the research summary, genetic research, germplasm evaluation class had a higher frequency. In the literature involving 39 flax (linen) varieties (lines), including Gansu province accounted for 46.15%, followed by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Heilongjiang Province.

  Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Scenic Tourist Spots——A Case of Lu Shan Scenic Spot 2012, 28 (12):  302-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0046 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 703055KB )   ( 748 ) Evaluation of sustainable development of scenic tourist spots refers to quantitative assessment of sustainable development state of tourism in different historical periods. This paper, using the power method-constructed comprehensive evaluation matrix in analytic hierarchy process (AHP), analyzed the relative indexes data of 1990-2000 in Lu Shan Scenic Spots, from the perspectives of economic development, social progress and environmental support. Results showed that the level of sustainable development was not high, with poor coordination, thus causing alternate sustainable and unsustainable development states. In 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 1≤CI≤1.732 suggested that there was a relatively coordinated relationship among social sustainable development, economic sustainable development and environmental sustainable development, meaning that tourism was in “strong sustainable development state”. Meanwhile, in 1992, 0≤CI≤1 revealed that there was poor coordination but complementary relationship in the three aspects, showing that tourism was in “weak sustainable development state”. In 1994, 1996, 2000, -1≤CI≤0 meant that the three aspects lacked coordination and they could not be complementarily regulated, showing that tourism was in “weak unsustainable development state”. In 1991, 1998, -1.732≤CI≤-1 denoted that the three aspects lacked coordination and they could not be complementarily regulated, showing that tourism was in “strong unsustainable development state”.

  Development of Rural Ecotourism in Less Developed Regions——A Case of Qianxi County 2012, 28 (12):  307-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2636 Abstract + ( 1214 )   PDF ( 625567KB )   ( 960 ) Rural ecotourism is the direction of development rural tourism. It is very suitable for less developed regions with rich rural tourism resources and fragile ecological environments. The paper described correlation research progress of rural ecotourism development in brief, took Qianxi County as the case, based on analysis and evaluation of tourism resources and development conditions, the author offered to develop the concept of rural ecotourism from four aspects, including: tourism space layout planning, tourism product system design, tourism landscape corridor construction, tourism brand image mold and tourism system construction. The research may also provide guidance to the development of rural ecotourism for less developed regions.

  Circle: an Interpretation of Leisure Agriculture Development Philosophy from the Cultural Perspective 2012, 28 (12):  313-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2433 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 542011KB )   ( 759 ) This paper reviews the connotation of farming culture, re-exams the agricultural education, culture, leisure and other functions based on the recognition of agricultural multi-functions. We analysis of the farming culture as the core idea of leisure agriculture development causes, point out that leisure agriculture projects design should base on agricultural landscape, agricultural processing, production of traditional crafts and other tangible farming culture and festivals, poems on farming proverb and other intangible farming culture. We should pay attention to the primary experience, emphasize the participation of senior experience and unaware of the ultimate fusion experience level differences in the aspects of product design. Serve farming culture as core, leisure agriculture project design for the circular extension radius, sketched the circle with the concept of experience. We develop a new cultural perspective in leisure agriculture development.