Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.11 Published:15 April 2012

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  Progress of Research on Pretreatment of Corn Stover 2012, 28 (11):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3256 Abstract + ( 1836 )   PDF ( 697401KB )   ( 1528 ) Straw is the largest renewable resource in the world. It can realize the use of renewable resources, relieve the energy resources crisis, protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture and economy by the economic and effective utilization of straw. However, the complex structure of cell wall limits its application in the animal husbandry and industry. In this paper, the present situation and nutrition characteristic of straw was analyzed, and the pretreatment methods of physical, chemical, combined physical and chemical, and biological at present were discussed. It provided the references for the utilization of straw resources and the development of animal husbandry.

  Meta-Analysis of Meat Color QTL in Swine 2012, 28 (11):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0197 Abstract + ( 1486 )   PDF ( 3977175KB )   ( 883 ) A meta-analysis was performed for the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) related to meat color to estimate the number and refine the positions of QTL. With the software Biomercator2.1, 71 meat color QTL were collected from 22 published papers and projected to the swine linkage map of USDA-MARC 2.0 as a reference map, and an integrated map of meat color QTL in swine was established. 18 meta-QTL were obtained by meta-analysis which reduced the confidence intervals compared to individual QTL estimates. The reduction in the confidence interval ranged from 21.12% to 93.91%, and 9 of them were narrowed down more than 50%. The confidence interval of MQTL4 in SSC4 was shrunk to 1.00 cM, with the reduction rate as 93.91%, and with the marker SW524 on the left and the marker SW 818 on the right. These results offered more precise QTL position estimates, and could lead to a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in swine.

  Effects of Amino Acid Model and Crude Protein Levels on Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexof 22 to 72-weeks-old Hy-Line Brown Layers 2012, 28 (11):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3803 Abstract + ( 1334 )   PDF ( 626149KB )   ( 830 ) As the environment friendly diet provide theoretical basis, this study intends to screen Fujian scale Hailan laying hen production required for the best optimal amino acid model and the best low protein level. An experiment was conducted using a total of 1620 21-weeks-old Hy-line brown layers of similar weight and healthy to investigate the effects of different amino acid model and level of protein on the production performance, blood biochemical index and nitrogen, phosphorus utilization and excretion during 22~72 weeks of age. Experiment was treated by a 2×3 factorial design with 6 dietary treatments (3 replicates of 90 birds per treatment) for 50 weeks, amino acid model (NRC and the varieties) and levels of crude protein (17%, 16.25%, 15.5%). The results from this study indicated that two amino acid model and amino acid model and crude protein levels of interaction between observations of all indexes were not significant differences (P>0.05); The different crude protein levels on egg laying rate, average egg weight and feed-egg ratio had significant effect (P<0.05), on feed intake had not significant difference (P>0.05), Crude protein levels on UA, UN, ALP, TP had no significant influence (P>0.05). Comprehensive indexes two amino acids model were by 16.5% crude protein level for the best.

  Immunohistochemical Localization on 5-HT Cells in the Digestive Tract of Gloydius intermedius 2012, 28 (11):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3259 Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 1695662KB )   ( 943 ) To study the morphology and density of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) cells in the digestive tract of the Gloydius intermediu. The method of the ABC immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that the 5-HT cells could be observed throughout the digestive tract with the highest density in the gastric pylorus and the lowest density in the rectum. What could be seen throughout the whole digestive tract was round or oval of closed-type 5-HTcells; the open-type 5-HT cells were tadpole-shaped or cone-shaped and mainly located in the esophagus, gastric cardia, gastric pylorus and sections of small intestine. The distribution characteristics of 5-HT cell may be related to the feeding habits and the living environment or function of various parts of the digestive tract. Key words: Gloydius intermedius; digestive tract; 5-HT cells

  The Effects of Soy Isoflavone on the Lymphocyte Proliferation in Lymph Nodes and Splenocyte from Dairy Cow 2012, 28 (11):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3824 Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 581777KB )   ( 721 ) To study the effects of Soy Isoflavones on lymphocyte proliferation in spleen and lymph nodes of Holstein cows, investigate the mechanism to improve immune performance of cows. The experiments were assigned into 7 groups: control group (blank), 100.00, 25.00, 5.00, 1.00, 0.25, 0.05 μg/mL, Soy Isoflavones and incubated with lymphocyte to 48 h or 60 h, respectively. The plates were read at 570 nm. The results showed that: First, for the lymphocyte of lymph nodes, all over the concentrates of Soy Isoflavones ranging from 0.05 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL had promoted effect to the lymphocyte proliferation, while the most promotion concentrates was 5 μg/mL it reach the most promotion effect. But when the addition concentrations of Soy Isoflavones enhanced reached to 100 μg/mL, the inhibition suppressed effect of lymphocyte proliferation was significantly; Second, in lymphocyte of splenocyte, the lymphocyte proliferation at higher concentrations (100 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL Soy Isoflavones group) had a significantly suppressed effect on the proliferation of lymphocyte in the spleen of the cow (P<0.01). (P<0.01) comparing with the control. However, at lower concentrations (1 μg/mL) the lymphocyte proliferation could be significantly stimulated (P<0.05). The other groups had the same inhibition suppressed effect, but the difference was not significant.

  The Screening of for Formula of Fresh Faces of Dairy Cow Transformation into Civil Fuel Materials 2012, 28 (11):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3572 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 605215KB )   ( 781 ) In order to development a practical and convenient popularization fresh cow dung environmental protection treatment of new technologies, to make clear material optimal proportion, realization of the resource recycling. Blending the fresh cattle feces, pulverized and deodorant adsorption adhesive in the orthogonal test, the mixing environmental protection reuse transformation technology that transformation fresh cattle feces into civil fuel was studied. The studying showed that the using ratio of higher water content fresh cattle feces could reached at least 40%. The most suitable adding ration of deodorant adsorption adhesive was 11%, which could timely adsorbed the water in the feces and volatile atmospheric that would harmfully polluted the environment. The method facilitates the procession and recycle of multi-shape civil fuel, had strong environmental protection function and recycle feature which would be important to the sustain development of the cattle industry.

  Expression in Escherichia coli, Purification, Renaturation and Characterization of Chitinase Gene from Trichoderma asperelluma 2012, 28 (11):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0774 Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 846864KB )   ( 968 ) The tachi1 gene of Trichoderma chitinase by Trichoderma asperelluma with pEHisTEV prokaryotic expression vector fusion was highly expressed in E. coli BL21 strains. After induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the recombinant protein Tachi1 was highly expressed in the for mofinclusion bodies. The protein Tachi1 in the inclusion bodies could be solubilized, renatured and purified by a serial of treatments, including washing, denaturing and renaturing as well as purification. The renaturation protein possessed chitinase activity.

  Police Performance Data Collection and Analysis on Progenies of Various Genealogies in Kunming Dog 2012, 28 (11):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3599 Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 554598KB )   ( 873 ) In order to master the police property further, and to exploit and utilize the police value better. Researcher collected and researched police performance of progenies of various genealogies in Kunming dog populations. The results showed that: The first, the genealogies structure was reasonable, and among, there were 16 major genealogies in female, 6 major genealogies in male. The second, in male, good rate of Wolf sable strain was highest (73.26%) in JX genealogy, the next was DH genealogy (72.65%), the lowest was the Straw yellow strain (40.00%) in JX genealogy. In female, good rate of LLC genealogy was the highest, at 80%, followed by the LBS genealogy, good rate was 79.66%; For CWL genealogy was the worst, good rate was 37.5%. The third, according to quantity, in male, the JX genealogy was dominant at 389, followed by the LGX genealogy at 319. In female, the LXL genealogy was dominant at 266, followed by the LLX genealogy at 145. The research supplied scientific basis to further optimize genealogies quantity structure, improved Kunming dogs’ police performance and breed performance.

  A Study on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Silkworm Breeding Technical Improvement in Modern 2012, 28 (11):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2614 Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 554598KB )   ( 848 ) In order to provide reference for contemporary agricultural technology improvement. This paper’s goal is to absorb the experience of silkworm breeding and promotion of Jiangsu and Zhejiang region in modern, and recognizes technology promotion more influenced by social factors through historical investigation to silkworm breeding technology development from traditional to modern, the dissemination of advanced silkworm breeding technology and the promotion of improved silkworm in Jiangsu and Zhejiang rural areas.

  Progress on Mechanism of Apoptosis Tumor Cells Induced by TRAIL 2012, 28 (11):  47-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3970 Abstract + ( 1721 )   PDF ( 583522KB )   ( 1227 ) TRAIL could selectively induced the apoptosis of tumor cells, but not the bulk normal had clear toxicity. TRAIL could induced tumor cells to apoptosis through extracellular and intracellular apoptotic pathway, however normal cells could escaped induction of TRAIL through NF-κB mediated, decoying receptors and regulation of c-FLIP. The therapeutic alliance between TRAIL and gene therapy, monoclonal antibody against death receptor, chemotherapy, radiotherapy drugs and proteasome inhibitor could elevated the sensitivity of oncotherapy, meanwhile could reversed the phenomenon of resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL. Therefore, TRAIL might became a new generation antitumor drug to clinical treatment.

  Advance in Study on Animal Intramuscular Fat Deposition Effects the Tenderness of Meat 2012, 28 (11):  51-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2977 Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 517640KB )   ( 1625 ) The purpose of this study was to make discuss the relationship between intramuscular fat and meat tenderness. Through analyzed in the research progress of intramuscular fat in recent years. This paper reviewed the fat content and fat deposits on effect of to meat quality. Future research should be focused on the improvement of meat tenderness by controlling fat deposition in muscle.

  Research on Pharmacological Functions and Safety of Compound Rhizoma coptidis Injection on Mastitis 2012, 28 (11):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3038 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 742854KB )   ( 809 ) In order to discuss the pharmacological activities and safety of the compound Rhizoma coptidis injection, provides theory basis for clinical medication. Using test methods of the mice’s auricle inflammation, capillary vessel permeability and mice’s granulation tissue by absorbent cotton, investigated anti-inflammatory effect of the compound Rhizoma coptidis injection on mastitis. Adopting the methods of mice’s immune organ index, abdominal macrophage cell engulf chicken’s red blood cell (RBC), ability of the mice’s phagocytic cell clearing carbon particles, studied immune function of the compound Rhizoma coptidis injection on mastitis. Using the ameliorate Karber and with half lethal dose (LD50) as evaluation acute toxicity intensity index, studied the injection’s acute toxicity, and tested the heat sources, excitant of this injection. The results showed that mice’s auricle inflammation swelling degree of the compound coptis mastitis injection’s high, middle dose groups respectively are 1.24 mg, 1.78 mg, and compared extremely significant difference (P<0.01) with control group (physiological saline) swelling degree (2.94 mg). For capillary permeability’s OD value, high, medium and low doses groups respectively is 0.05, 0.14, 0.14, and compared extremely significant difference (P<0.01) with control group (physiological saline) OD value (0.21). In mice granulation tissue weight gain, high, medium and low doses groups respectively is 10.18 mg, 8.10 mg, 10.16 mg, and compared extremely significant difference (P<0.01) with control group granulation tissue weight gain (11.90 mg). In the high, medium and low dose groups, mice thymus index, spleen index increased with extremely significant difference (P<0.01) compared with control group. In high, medium dose groups, the ability of macrophage in mice’s abdominal cavity engulfed RBC compared with controls group have extremely significant difference (P<0.01). In high-dosage group, the ability of mice phagocytic cells cleared of carbon particles compared with control group extremely significant difference (P<0.01), but medium, low dose no significant difference compared with control group. Acute toxicity tests LD50 for 11222.77 mg/kg. The data showed the compound rhizoma coptidis mastitis injection have significant anti-inflammatory effects on treatment acute and chronic inflammation, could increased the mice body's immune function, and safe reliable.

  Effect of NDV on Kidney Ultrastructure in Ostrich Chicks 2012, 28 (11):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3473 Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 4265834KB )   ( 1107 ) In order to study the effects of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) on kidney ultrastructure in ostrich chicks, ostrich chicks aged 45 days were divided into normal group and challenge group at random. The methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the kidney ultrastructure of ostrich chicks in challenge group. The results showed that the obvious morphologic change of renal corpuscle and renal tubule was observed in the challenge group, including swelling of endothelial cell, shrink of capsular space, damage of filtration barrier in renal corpuscle and vacuolar degeneration in renal tubule, with swelling of epithelial cell, ruptured and decreased of microvillus, nuclear pyknosis, the chromatins distributed along the nuclear envelopes or dissolve decrease, increased number of lysosomes, mitochondrial cristae rupturing and maculated mitochondrial. The results indicated that the kidney in ostrich was highly sensitive with NDV, which could caused significant change on histopathology of the kidney.

  Effects of Paeonol on the Secretion of NO and ET-1 in Rat Intestinal Mucosa Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induced by LLO 2012, 28 (11):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-0697 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 1388213KB )   ( 1009 ) To investigate the treatment mechanism of the paeonol (Pae) on the listeriosis and the secretion of NO and ET-1 in rat intestinal mucosa microvascular endothelial cells (RIMVECs) induced by listeriolysin O (LLO). RIMVECs were in culture divided into LLO+Pae, LLO, Pae and blank control group. Cells were assessed proliferation by MTT assay. The Changes of NO and ET-1 level were measured by the method of nitratase, ELISA and hybridization in situ. Compared with other groups, proliferation of LLO was very significantly decreased. The production of NO and ET-1 were enhanced for 12h, and NO/ET-1 ratio was lower. Pae could regulate imbalance of NO/ET-1 induced by LLO and improve the local microcirculation of intestine.

  Research of Slaughter Indices and Partial Organ Developmnet of Hebei Domestic Chicks and Jingbai Chicks 2012, 28 (11):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2317 Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 564066KB )   ( 716 ) The trial was conducted to discuss the characteristic on slaughter quality and organ development of Hebei domestic chiks. Each of 8 chicks aged 150-days-old of Hebei domestic and caged chicks (Jingbai) were selected to slaugher and determine the slaughter indices. The results indicated that the ability of producing meat on domestic chicks were lower than which of Jingbai chicks, the weight and slaughter weight on domestic chicks were significant lower than that of Jingbai(P<0.01). The slaughter rates on domestic chicks were significant higher(P<0.01) and the percentage of abdominal fat were significant lower 37.20% (P<0.05) than which of Jingbai chicks. Compared with Jingbai chicks, the immune apparatus and digestive system were farther development, the body was thinner and head was smaller on domestic chicks. In conclusions, Hebei domestic chicks had relatively particular advantages on slaughter characteristic and organ development, which supplied necessary reference for breeding of domestic chicks.

  Different Generations of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Impacting on Gene Expression of Milk Protein 2012, 28 (11):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2997 Abstract + ( 1541 )   PDF ( 1374770KB )   ( 1165 ) The aim of this study was to research milk protein gene expression—αs1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein of lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells between different generations; Using the real-time PCR method to detect milk protein gene expression of lactating bovine mammary tissue, the cells of primary generation (P0) derived from the bovine mammary tissue, the first generation (P1), the second generation (P2), the third generation (P3), the fourth generation (P4) and the fifth generation (P5); The results showed that expression of three target-genes was at different levels between the cells of primary generation and passages. The expression in the primary cells was significantly higher than P1-P5 cells (P<0.05), whereas P1-P5 cells had no significant difference (P>0.05). Moreover, from P0 to P5, the expression of αs1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein is gradually decreasing. So, P2-P5 BMECs could be used as a trial material.

  Construction of Mixed Flora for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dairy Manure and Study 2012, 28 (11):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3687 Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 790294KB )   ( 714 ) For the purpose of saccharification of dairy manure. Screening of several strains to construct strains of bacteria and to study its enzymatic mixed conditions for enzyme production.The results showed that the cellulose degradation rate of the F3-F9 pair accounted for 44.02%, which increased by 12.47%. Such as temperature, cultivation time, initial pH, S/L of medium, and addition of bran as well as nitrogen source etc had significant impact on cellulase productivity. compared with single strain fermentation. 0.1% urea was added to the medium, S/L was 1:2 and the inoculum concentration was 5%, the initial pH was 7, 40% bran were added to the medium and 24℃, FPase and CMCase of F3-F9 were 114.25 U and 1617.92 U respectively.

  Expression and Immunogenicity of VP60 Gene of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 2012, 28 (11):  86-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3441 Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 658359KB )   ( 793 ) The aim of this article was to investigate the immunogenicity of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) VP60 gene which was expressed in a prokaryotic system. The capsid protein VP60 gene of RHDV was cloned by RT-PCR and the product after purification was linked into PMD-18T vector. The plasmid was sequenced after extraction. Then the amply product which was digested by dual-enzyme was linked into prokaryotic expression vector PET28b and constructed prokaryotic expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into host strain E. coli RosettaTM induced by IPTG after the identification was right. The results showed that the expressed band of 62.0 KD was identified by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The purified recombinant protein reacted with the purified RHDV in ELISA. The prokaryotically expressed protein of RHDV VP60 showed well immunogenicity.

  Effects of γ-aminobutyric Acid on Development and Antioxidant Ability of Neonates of Heat-Stressed Rats 2012, 28 (11):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2690 Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 626626KB )   ( 944 ) The effects of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on development and antioxidant ability of neonates of heat-stressed rats were investigated. Fifty-two rats aged 90 days, thirteen-nine females and thirteen males, were the experimental subjects. Twenty-seven pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups after mating: the control group, the heat-stressed group and the GABA heat-stressed group. The development indices and hepatic antioxidant indices of 1 d neonates were measured. The results showed that tail lengths of the female and male neonates from the heat-stressed group fed with basal diet were both decreased very significantly (P＜0.01) compared with that of the control group, while the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased slightly, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased slightly. Compared with the heat-stressed pregnant rats fed with basal diet, tail lengths of the female (P＜0.01)and male (P＜0.05) neonates from the GABA group, but MDA contents decreased slightly and activities of GSH-Px, SOD increased slightly. The results indicated that GABA could improve anti-heat-stress ability in neonatal rats under heat stress condition during pregnancy.

  Correlation Analysis between Polymorphism of IGF-I Gene and Meat Performance in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken 2012, 28 (11):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0310 Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 680172KB )   ( 783 ) The objective of this study was to confirm the polymorphism of GHR gene in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken, and its genetic markers affecting meat performance traits. In this experiment, Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens were used to analyze the correlation between polymorphism of 5’ non-coding region of IGF-I gene by PCR-RFLP. The results showed that IGF-I was consisted of three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) and frequencies of the three genotypes were 0.445, 0.300 and 0.255 respectively. Frequencies of gene A and gene B were 0.595 and 0.405 respectively. Live weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, average daily gain and ratio of feed and meat of chickens with BB genotype were significantly higher than those of AA and AB genotype (P<0.05), while no significant difference were found in other traits (P>0.05). In conclusion, BB genotype of IGF-I gene could significantly improved the meat performance of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens, although further studies were required to determine its possibility as a gene marker for the meat performance traits of Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken.

  Research Progress on Germplasm Resource of Macrobrachium nipponense 2012, 28 (11):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3624 Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 672943KB )   ( 997 ) Large-scale production of oriental river prawn has been carried out in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This article summarized the major results in study on basic biology, biochemical composition, cell genetics, biochemical genetics, molecular genetics and genomics in oriental river prawn and proposed some protection strategies, thus for reference of protect and utilization the germplasm resources of oriental river prawn legitimately.

  Screening on Resistance Strains of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal from Breeding Wastewater and Its Resistance Research 2012, 28 (11):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3188 Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 2193783KB )   ( 985 ) In order to explore the mechanism and species of microorganism, which was from wastewater and had possessed cross-resistance of heavy metals and antibiotic, bacteria were isolated from the selective culture mediums prepared by breeding wastewater, and based on the experimental design, their characteristics growing on the K-B agar mediums containing the heavy metals (33.33 mg/L Pb2+, 34.67 mg/L Cr6+, 16.67 mg/L Hg2+, 33.33 mg/L Cu2+) and the drug sensitivity papers (3.33 mg/L Amoxicillin, 2.67 mg/L Norfloxacin, 4.17 mg/L Cefradine) were observed. 7 strains were isolated from the breeding wastewater, and the numbers of rod-shaped Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 3 and 4, respectively. The resistance of the Gram-negative bacteria was stronger than the Gram positive bacteria. In which, strain 1# had 6 kinds of cross resistance (Pb+A, Cr+N, Hg+N, Hg+C, Cu+A, Cu+C), while both strain 4# and 7# had only one kind of cross resistance to Cu+N and Cr+C, respectively. 4 strains could grow on the culture medium containing Hg+N, and only one strain could grow on the culture medium containing Cr+N, Pb+C, Cu+C or Cr+C. The results of the cross resistance experiments also showed that the resistance of 7 strains to antibiotics was stronger than those to heavy metals. Therefore, a potential risk for public health due to discharge of the breeding wastewater might caused by the microorganism with cross resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics.

  Tracking Sources of Arsenic in the Spirulina Platensis Power from the Ordos Alkali Lake in Inner Mongolia 2012, 28 (11):  108-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0063 Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 686638KB )   ( 898 ) In order to detect sources of arsenic in the Spirulina platensis power from the ordos alkali lake in Inner Mongolia, Arsenic content of culturing materials, nutrient solution and algal power in the period of initial cultivation and normal cultivation for Spirulina platensis was studied. The results showed that the water for culturing Spirulina platensis and NaHCO3 providing the arsenic into the nutrient solution in the period of no culturing for Spirulina platensis, the arsenic content correspondingly keeps in a stable state not only in the period of initial cultivation and normal cultivation and long terms of cultivation, the arsenic content would cut down by cleaning the algal power auxiliarily with distilled water.

  The analysis of change characters in Fujian river eel product export trade 2012, 28 (11):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3718 Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 746261KB )   ( 774 ) Abstract: The paper analyzed the change of export value, export structure and export price of river eel product by using trade data from 1997-2010 on Fujian export statistics and FAOSTAT-Fisheries. The result showed that river eel product export in Fujian played an important role in international market, and export value has shown downward trend in resent ten year, but had a large increase in 2010. The export market was highly concentrated in Japanese market, but the market concentration has been decreasing during recent years. The there is strong relationship between Fujian export price and the international market price, and the supply and demand of this product in international market was in balance. Moreover, there is no product differentiation. At last, according to the analysis, the policy recommendation is proposed to promote Fujian river eel product export.

  Design of Dissolved Oxygen Online Monitoring System in the Recirculating Aquaculture Based on ZigBee 2012, 28 (11):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0325 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 681213KB )   ( 996 ) At present, the decentralized monitor mode was adopted by most dissolved oxygen monitoring systems in the recirculating aquaculture. It could not realized integrated monitoring using the data of multiple monitoring nodes. To aim at this question, the dissolved oxygen online monitoring system was designed. The system adopted collective and distributive control model, and it had four levels: the end nodes, the route nodes, the gateway node and the monitoring center. The end nodes collected the dissolved oxygen in the pond, then sent data to the route nodes, and control the aerator based on the value of dissolved oxygen. The gateway node gathers data from all end nodes, then sent them to the monitoring center. It received the control commands and controlled the aerator by the end nodes. The monitoring center saved data and made statistic analysis for the data and came into being controlling command. ZigBee nodes adopted CC2430 as the key component. The communication between wireless network nodes was realized using ZigBee2006 protocol stack. Experiment has shown that the system the system is stable and reliable and it can be deployed flexibility and easily expanded. It met the requirement of the recirculating aquaculture. It realized the real time online monitoring to the dissolved oxygen and effective control of the aerator, and the breeding cost was decreased.

  Industry Structure Optimization from the Angle of Consumption Structure Changes 2012, 28 (11):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3127 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 567777KB )   ( 863 ) In order to promote the development of economy rapidly, and ensure the coordinated development between industry structure and demand structure. This article studied the changes of the consumption structure in China and the present situation of our fisheries industry structure, and then referred to the Japanese experiences of fishery industry structure optimization. By comparing the consumption structure with the fisheries industry structure, the study put forward the countermeasures and suggested for the optimization of the fisheries industry structure.

  Minority Nationality Regions in the Processing Industry of Agricultural Products Technology Benefits the Difference Analysis and Evaluation 2012, 28 (11):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3117 Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 587706KB )   ( 749 ) In order to improve the technology competitiveness, to guarantee the agricultural products processing national regions the enterprise survival and the development. Based on the technology for the efficiency index system, the qualitative and quantitative method, from the enterprise technology level and technical innovation ability two aspects, analysis and evaluation of minority nationality regions in the processing industry of agricultural products with advanced technical benefit in agricultural products processing enterprise difference, then put forward the agricultural products processing enterprise technology in national regions improvement and innovation of thought.

  The Construction of the Evaluation Index System and the Development Assessment 2012, 28 (11):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3524 Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 948141KB )   ( 892 ) In order to make clear the regional agricultural development level and to accelerate the process of modern agricultural development of Bohai Rim, the assessment index system of modern agriculture was established preliminarily and the data of provinces and cities in Bohai Rim was evaluated and analyzed, regarding the comprehensive development level of modern agriculture as general target and the input level of modern agriculture, the output level of modern agriculture, the social development level of countryside and the sustainable development level of agriculture as grading index. The results showed that Bohai Rim just entered the stage of development, with the composite index of Bohai Rim was 0.585. View from the region, Beijing was the highest to 0.798, followed by Tianjin, Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei with the index were 0.694, 0.644, 0.60 and 0.595 respectively. View from the city, there had no any city in Bohai Rim could reached the developed stage of modern agriculture and ten cities at the primary stage, mainly concentrated in Shandong (accounting for 5), and most cities were still in the preliminary and initial stage.

  Empirical Research on the Relationship between Cultivated Land Change and Economic Development of Xi’an City 2012, 28 (11):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3539 Abstract + ( 1144 )   PDF ( 619053KB )   ( 745 ) In order to make an intensive study of the relationship between the area change of cultivate land and the economy development in Xi’an city. The study selected GDP, the social fixed assets investment, the urbanization level, the proportion of tertiary industry and cultivated land area as the main analysis indexes, used the method of correlative analysis to analyze the relation between economic development and change of cultivated land area during 1990—2008 in Xi’an city. The results showed that the relation between economic development and cultivated land area was negative, and it appeared that the development of the economy was in advance while the change of the cultivated land was laggard; and the urbanization level index was the largest influence factors on the reduction of cultivated land. The economic development trend was capital intensive and saving, land intensive degree was gradually improved.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Agro-recycling Economy of City Field in Hebei Province Based on the Osculation Value Method 2012, 28 (11):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3226 Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 673921KB )   ( 823 ) In order to find the difference of agro-recycling economy in Hebei Province, based on ‘4R’ principle of agro-recycling economy, the author established the comprehensive evaluation index of agro-recycling economy by using relevant research results, using the osculation value method, statistical data, evaluated quantitatively the effects of agro-recycling economy in Hebei Province in 2009. The results showed that Langfang City was the best, followed were Tangshan, Handan, Cangzhou City and other cities, Xingtai City, the provincial average, Qinhuangdao City were poor to the other citys. The conclusion was that it must took into account both resource efficiency and reduce environmental pollution target when people developed social economy.

  A Feasibility Study on “Enterprise & Farmer” Model of Oils Industry Base on Game Model 2012, 28 (11):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3520 Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 641329KB )   ( 839 ) Facing the situation of oils enterprises raw material shortage and farmers won’t sell soybean, the traditional purchase model of enterprises purchase go public and farmers delivery soybean has been not adapt to oils industry. “Enterprise+Farmer” was most possible solved the problem above by changing the structure of oils industry chain for the linkage between commercial market and material market. The results showed that order penalty was an important restrictive factor that spread “Enterprise+Farmer” in oils industry by establishing and analyzing game models. It put forward suggestions that increasing order execution rate, establishing enterprises and farmers reputation supervision mechanism, paying attention to the role of government and cooperative, using futures tool base on the above-mentioned conclusion.

  Studies on the Environment Bearing Capacity Appraisal Indicator System of the Jokhang Scenic Zone 2012, 28 (11):  155-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3165 Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 798955KB )   ( 955 ) In order to establish a set of humanities and social types of the Tibetan Plateau area tourism environmental capacity evaluation index system and evaluation model. In the current theory basis, combining with Jokhang’s actual conditions, the evaluation system for the tourist environment bearing capacity were constructed. Lhasa Jokhang scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity evaluation index system contains 3 large scales of 27 evaluation index: natural environmental bearing capacity, social environmental bearing capacity, and economic environmental bearing capacity. Secondly, we tested consistency, determine the weight and build a comprehensive evaluation model of scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity through analytic hierarchy process method (AHPM). According to the scenic spot features, tourist environmental bearing capacity rating criteria of Jokhang scenic spot was respectively built. Based on the above mentioned two scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity of comprehensive evaluation and analysis, Jokhang scenic spot was at the basically optimal load stage and also had development space for tourism activities. Finally, measures for environmental bearing capacity improvement of this scenic spots were put forward.

  Study on the Role of Paper Information in “San-nong” 2012, 28 (11):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3152 Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 665689KB )   ( 767 ) In order to understand the role of paper information in the current society, we made a survey in the famers. It showed that the paper information has some shortcoming, but it also made an important role in the “san-nong” and Information dissemination. We could make the paper information serve the “san-nong” very well, through the way of right idea, popular information and simple information.

  The Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Community-based Territorial Planning:A Case of Tianzi Village, Zhong County, Chongqing City 2012, 28 (11):  168-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3275 Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 644271KB )   ( 892 ) In order to measure the benefits of community-based territorial planning, and guide the follow-up projects, after choosing 24 indicators, including economic, social and landscape ecological benefits for evaluation system, the author used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish evaluation model, took Tianzi Village as an example for empirical research. The results showed that the comprehensive benefits in this project were preferable according to the maximum subordination principle, and its subordination degree was 0.3626; the economic benefits were preferable, its subordination degree was 0.3903; social, fine, 0.3420; landscape ecological, preferable, 0.3370. The social benefits were remarkable and comprehensive benefits were preferable, but people should pay attention to the harmony in economic, social, and landscape ecological benefits.The social benefits were remarkable and comprehensive benefits were preferable, but we should pay attention to the harmony in economic, social, and landscape ecological benefit.

  The Mathematical Modeling of Agricultural GDP Based on Utility Analysis of Fiscal Expenditure on Supporting Agricultural 2012, 28 (11):  174-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1867 Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 703171KB )   ( 814 ) Currently, the low total financial expenditure and unreasonable structure of fund for assisting agriculture are the main problems in China. In order to achieve the growth goal of sustained, healthy and high-speed. Not only should financial support for agriculture be strengthened, but also the productive expenditure and the nonproductive expenditure in the financial expenditure for agriculture should be optimized. In this paper, author analyzed the relationship between fiscal fund for assisting and the growth of agriculture GDP, and discovered their interrelated patterns, which gave ideas for making decision. After quantitative and qualitative analysis of data, the influence factor model of agricultural GDP would be established. The model’s R2 was 0.905, adjusted R2 was 0.897, and F value of this model was rational. This model having a strong credibility was multiple regression analysis leaded by multiple variable. It could provide government with a theoretical guidance especially on allocation of fiscal fund for assisting agriculture. To some extent, it had a critical practical significance when the maximizing the benefits of financial support for agriculture was studied.

  Social Differentiation of Village— A Case Study Based on Village M 2012, 28 (11):  181-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3859 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 528547KB )   ( 863 ) In order to further interpret the social differentiation of village, through the interview survey and case analysis, this paper analyzes the social differentiation process which is occurred in village M, and focuses on the village economic structure, vocational structure and the sources of income. The results showed that a variety of factors contributed to the social differentiation of villages in contemporary China. These factors includes that farmland system, the reverse transmission of farmland, the play of the peasants' autonomy and the gravity of the external market. Village is not only a static form of society, but also a dynamic social process. The process of social differentiation is the process of labor division deepening and the organic growing to village. The ideals of peasants should be become rational peasants and acquire peasant's citizenship. It is predicted that in the future there will be three directions for the development of villages in China.

  The daily life of village——Case studies based on X-village 2012, 28 (11):  186-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0094 Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 606238KB )   ( 772 ) China's rural villages is a fundamental element of social structure, but also the basic unit of social change in rural areas, so the scholars to study the village from different levels of development, but the vast majority regard the study of perspective to look at the macro, abstract, policy- rural research, to explain the phenomenon for the purpose of microscopic study of the basic no. In view of this, this article attempts to cut into the daily life of this new perspective, a typical case selected for the type of village representatives, village by village specific subtle world of direct observation of everyday life, behavior and daily life of villagers' concept of narrative, visual display of their lives basic style and changes in daily life to capture, explore the villages of this type of course and trajectory of social change.

  Preliminary Research on Relief System of “sunshine sports” in Rural Schools 2012, 28 (11):  191-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3422 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 500500KB )   ( 751 ) In order to introduce “sunshine sports” relief system, it was carried out normally in rural schools, this study first studied the connotation of “sunshine sports” relief system. Then it proposed the necessity of "sunshine sports" relief system in rural schools on the basis of analyzing its present situation. It also gave out the basic principles which it should be followed, so we could further consummated the “sunshine sports” relief system in rural school, and provided some useful references for the boom of “sunshine sports” in China.

  The network crime lawmaking problem investigates in china 2012, 28 (11):  195-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3443 Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 574771KB )   ( 2057 )

  Discussing “80birth” Migrant Workers of Education and Training of Cost Compensation System 2012, 28 (11):  199-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3110 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 508188KB )   ( 612 ) In order to resolve the problem of funding shortage, we need study the cost of compensation. To this end, this study combines with the rate of return to education of “80 birth” migrant workers, focusing on analysis of their education and training and constitute of the main cost-sharing, and from four to build the cost of education and training of “80birth” migrant workers compensation mechanism for the relevant departments of education and training of migrant workers provide a reference value investment decisions.

  Education and Training of Chinese Farmers Research and Trends 2012, 28 (11):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3355 Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 560028KB )   ( 803 ) Over the past 60 years of nation-building education and training of our farmers at the development process of reform and opening-up before and after a review carried out in two phases, and farmer training during this period of research work is summarized, mainly concentrated in four areas: training of farmers to carry out the necessary research; farmer training study of the status quo and existing problems; on the training of farmers and farmers on the cultivation of new measures and countermeasures. Finally, future research directions: the life-long education and training of farmers integration studies; farmers the choice of training model study; the effect of farmer training and farmer training evaluation studies of all-round research perspective.

  Statistical Research on the Consumption Structure about Yunnan Rural Residents 2012, 28 (11):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0474 Abstract + ( 1585 )   PDF ( 760549KB )   ( 942 ) In order to understand the characteristics of rural residents' consumption structure in Yunnan province, with the economic data ranging from 2000 to 2010, applying descriptive statistic analysis, time series analysis, marginal propensity to consume and income elasticity analysis based on ELES model, the characteristics of rural residents' consumption structure in Yunnan province was studied on empirically. The results showed that the level of rural residents' consumption in Yunnan province was still low compared with the national, although the level was improved significantly from 2000 to 2010. A higher proportion of food expenditure was shown in the distinctive characteristics of consumption structure. Marginal propensity to consume analysis showed that the consumption of rural residents have a high propensity to consume food, medical care and living under the influence of income. The elastic analysis showed that the necessities for Yunnan rural residents were food and medical care, other consumer goods are luxury goods. Yunnan rural residents' consumption structure is irrational.

  Ethics Review and Path Selection on Forced Evictions Power 2012, 28 (11):  215-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3146 Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 517572KB )   ( 783 ) In order to review the power of forced evictions from an ethical perspective, and find the feasible path to governing the forced evictions power, the article through theoretical analysis, in-depth analysis the ethical demand nature of forced evictions in the traditional authoritarian system, indicates that no-forced evictions is the intuitive ethical identity of the present government, thus proper demolition is present to the ethical choice under the lack of land ethics. Facing the fact that the current lack of land administration ethics, selecting rationally the appropriate demolition method, and constructing land administration ethics are ethical paths to avoid or reduce forced evictions.

  The Research on Post-evaluation of Land Consolidation Project in Yuanpingchuan Districtin Gujiao City, Shanxi Province 2012, 28 (11):  219-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3103 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 799993KB )   ( 773 ) In order to reflect objectively and evaluate land consolidation projects, find out problems and inadequacy, and promote the sustainable development of land consolidation cause in Shanxi Province, the land consolidation project in Yuanpingchuan District in Gujiao City in Shanxi Province was chosen as a sample, the author carried out post-evaluation by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The result showed that this land consolidation project had succeeded on the whole, which improved agricultural production conditions, increased the area of farmland and grain production capacity, reduced land disputes and local poverty, prevented and controlled soil erosion, and better ecological environment and landscape. However, there were some problems and deficiencies, such as the deviation ratio of time limit for this project was too big and drought resistance of farmland needs to be further improved. In general, this research would provide a scientific reference for quantitative research on post-evaluation of land consolidation project and practice.

  Ecological Security Evaluation and Prevention Measures in Typical Karst Region: An Example of Shiqian County in Guizhou Province 2012, 28 (11):  227-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3323 Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 1099886KB )   ( 919 ) A mountain of geo-spatial information and social economic data to be processed and analyzed in the process of evaluation of ecological security. And it demonstrated the pattern of ecological security with the help of established database of graphics and attributed data. In addition, it confirmed the ‘P-S-R’ frame model and quantified the indices of the ecological security, which based on the mastering a certain of ecological materials about Shiqian’s environment. What’s more, it calculated the indices weight by adopting the method of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, then, the ecological security of Shiqian County was divided into 4 levels, they were the safety area, relatively safe area, less safe area and unsafe area. Finally, it will be given the elevation of 4 classes and some ecological security measures for the local government.

  Spatial-temporal Variability Characteristics of Soil Moisture on Alfalfa Grassland in Loess Hilly Region of South Ningxia 2012, 28 (11):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2957 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 851024KB )   ( 630 ) In order to study spatial-temporal variability properties of soil water on alfalfa grassland under local limited precipitation and land impoverishment conditions in loess hilly region of south Ningxia, and provide data support for efficient utilization of local limited water resource, soil water were monitored on alfalfa grassland based on field multiple positions experiments with different grow years as test treatments. The results showed that the fluctuation of soil water storage at 0-100 cm was decisively effected by the precipitations in loess hilly region of south Ningxia, soil water continuously decreased before rainy season coming, but it was significantly increased after rain, which was consumed gradually until freeze-up period. Soil water on alfalfa grassland with different grow years had different change laws below 100 cm. soil water on alfalfa grassland with 5 grow years had more supplement than 2-years at 100-200 cm. So, the 100-200 cm soil layers of alfalfa grass land with 2 years could be viewed as supplying layer for surface soil water, which could be viewed as transition layer of alfalfa grassland with 5 years.

  The Research Progress of Joint Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Using Woody-weed Plant 2012, 28 (11):  237-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3163 Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 585092KB )   ( 915 ) Phytoremediation is a novel, solar-driven, in-situ and cost-effective technology for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated environments, and become a hot topic in recent years which attracts scholars. But low heavy metal bioavailability and small biomass of hyperaccumulators limits application of phytoremediation technology. Finding natural environment-friendly clelator and plant remediation system with high extraction efficiency will help break through the bottlenecks of phytoremediation. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the relative literatures, and combining the theory of ecological niche and phytoremediation, the author discussed remediation ability of woody, weed plant in heavy metal contaminated soil, and analyzed the feasibility of woody-weed plant joint remediation, presented a new development direction of phytoremediation.

  The Impact of Environmental Pollution Transformation on the Sustainable Development of China’s Rural Areas 2012, 28 (11):  243-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3212 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 576284KB )   ( 1289 ) In order to construct the new rural of the socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to achieve the sustainable development of the rural, people must attach great importance to the problem of transferring of environment pollution. The author analyzed the impacts of rural ecological environment and the health of farmers caused by the transferring of environmental pollution, which had resulted in poverty and in a vicious spiral, in rural areas of China, and proposed the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The conclusion was that enterprises should take the road of recycling economy, and the development of Chinese rural should develop ecological agriculture in the future.

  Simulation and Prediction of Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in Watershed of Miyun Reservoir Based on System Dynamics Model 2012, 28 (11):  247-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3860 Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 948755KB )   ( 801 ) Water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) can estimate the relationship between Water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) can estimate the relationship between social economy and water environment using system dynamics (SD) method which can analysis WECC dynamic and was called ‘policy laboratory’. Based on the local system complex characteristics of water environment in the watershed of Miyun reservoir, SD model and indicator system were constructed, and than it was simulated and predicted for WECC in this area in 2008-2020 under the present condition and different optimization schemes. The simulation results showed that: (1) under the condition of maintaining present development scheme, WECC of the studied area in 2008-2020 would be decreased slowly year after year; (2) The scheme of searching for new and saving present water resources was better than the scheme of controlling wastewater pollution and reducing sewage discharge, and both of them could effectively increase the WECC in studied area. In contrary, WECC in this area would be not fundamentally improved if only transfer water from other regions; (3) The integration of searching for new and saving present water resources with controlling wastewater pollution and reducing sewage discharge would be the most effective way to improve the WECC and the coordinated development of social economy and water environment in the first grade water source protection area, Miyun reservoir, Beijing.

  Study on Present Situation of Water Pollution in Huaihua City 2012, 28 (11):  253-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3508 Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 1770242KB )   ( 864 ) In order to protect the water environmental quality of Huaihua City and provide scientific basis for the construction of ecological livable city of Huaihua, the author made a field investigation and monitoring of water quality of Taiping River of Huaihua City, which was divided into mean and dry water periods. The author also made a comprehensive evaluation of water quality with the monitoring data of the past years of Taiping River. The results showed that the content of TP and NH3-N of each section was high, which all exceeded the state V water quality standard. The content of DO in water was low. Some section did not reach IV water quality standard and some even did not reach V water quality standard. Wantan section had a higher content of TP and NH3-N than Chenjia section, which explained the pollution of Taiping River had a certain effect on the water quality of Wushui River. Combined with the monitoring data of the past years of Taiping River, the author found that the content of DO in water decreased continuously, and the content of TP increased continuously. The water pollution was increasingly serious. Therefore, further management of Taiping River is very important to the protection of Wushui River and the construction of ecological livable city of Huaihua.

  Advances in Study on the Biological Treatment of Antibiotic Wastewater 2012, 28 (11):  258-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3456 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 594005KB )   ( 1264 ) In order to provide a better guideline for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater, authors analyzed the character of antibiotic wastewater, and summarized several kinds of biological treatments, which were widely used in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater at home and abroad, including aerobic method, anaerobic method, aerobic–anaerobic combined process and other combined methods. And some problems existing in biological treatments were discussed. At the same time, application and outlook for the biological treatment of antibiotic wastewater was stated.

  Research Progress of Heavy Metal Pollution in River 2012, 28 (11):  262-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3169 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 518158KB )   ( 1257 ) In order to master the status and problems of heavy metal pollution in the river for studying deeply it, research aspects and contents of heavy metal pollution in the river were carefully reviewed and analyzed in the past 20 years. It was indicated that the research of river heavy metal pollution had a wide spatial distribution and maturity determination method, but each measurement method had many defects. Furthermore, governance of river heavy metal pollution had not proven effective method. It was recommended that green and economy bioremediation technology should be used to restore contaminated water environment.

  Research Progress on Microbial Remediation of Controlling Heavy Metal Pollution 2012, 28 (11):  266-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3763 Abstract + ( 1624 )   PDF ( 667498KB )   ( 2028 ) In order to study the microbial application of remediation technology in heavy metal pollution, the mechanism of microbial remediation method used for heavy metal pollution were reviewed, and the effects of different microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae) applied for heavy metal pollution were introduced. The development of microbial remediation on heavy metal pollution was prospected; there were still deficiencies in industrial applications which needed further study in the future.

  Status in Pretreatment Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass 2012, 28 (11):  272-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3079 Abstract + ( 1641 )   PDF ( 920812KB )   ( 1729 ) In order to develop economic and efficient pretreatment technologies, the research progress on pretreatment of lignocellulose at home and abroad in recent 10 years was reviewed detailedly. And the pretreatment processes, such as physical methods, physical-chemistry methods, chemical methods and biologic methods were em-phatically analyzed, from which dilute acid pretreatment method, steam explosion pretreatment method and bio-logical pretreatment method were found to be most development potential. Pretreatment methods with low cost, high yield and less pollution are needed to be developed for shortages of the existing methods. And some propos-als for development of pretreatment technologies were put forward as well.

  The Evaluation of Peanut Straw Stock, Quality and Carbon Fixation in Fujian 2012, 28 (11):  278-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3551 Abstract + ( 1323 )   PDF ( 653077KB )   ( 780 ) In order to ease the leguminous forage shortage with the development of stock raising in Fujian Province and provide the basis for the use of reasonable, the situation of peanut straw resources of Fujian Province should be researched. Yield and major quality of straw and carbon fixation of 12 peanut varieties suitable for cultivation in Fujian Province were evaluated, by adopting the randomized block experiment and quality analysis methods, combined with the data of statistical yearbook. The results showed that, the pod yield of 4012.5-5557.5 kg/hm2, for an average of 5119.5 kg/hm2; seed yield of 2742-3843 kg/hm2, an average of 2881.5 kg/hm2; peanut straw fresh yield of 20425.5-28488 kg/hm2, for an average of 24475.5 kg/hm2; peanut straw moisture content 69.95%-73.98%, for an average of 72.41%. 2008-2010 Fujian Province peanut straw fresh yield estimation was 2350870-2424530.3 t, year average of 2391990 t; hay weight of about 648600-668900 t, year average of 659950 t; straw protein content of 8.38%-10.7%, for an average of 9.57%; crude fat content of 1.2%-2.5%, for an average of 1.7%; the total sugar content of 0.82%-6.26%, for an average of 4.72%; sucrose content of 0.4%-3%, for an average of 2.2%; reducing sugar content of 0.4%-3.2%, for an average of 2.4%; neutral detergent fiber content 43.03%-52.4%, for an average of 46.48%; acid detergent fiber content of 33.49%-42.23%，an average of 36.67%; pickling lignin content of 7.19%-9.66%, for an average of 8.15%. 2008-2010 Fujian Province peanut straw fresh yield estimation was 2350870-2424530.3 t, year average of 2391990t; hay weight of about 648600-668900t , year average of 659950 t. Comprehensive analysis, Fuhua 4, Wanhua 4 straw quality were better. Peanut fixed CO2 about 133.455924-143.007561 t, year average of 136.0317315 t in Fujian Province. Peanut straw was quality pasture resources, equivalent to 650000 t of feed grain. peanut production on CO2 fixed contribution was enormous and reduced the CO2 emissions on atmospheric greenhouse effect.

  Study on the Change of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity During the Composting of Kitchen Wastes 2012, 28 (11):  284-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3291 Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 708801KB )   ( 801 ) In order to study the mineralization process of organic substances, the composting for kitchen wasting mixed with wheat straw was carried out by static forced ventilation and under the conditions of different C/N ratio as 20, 25, 30, and the activities of Cellulase, Sucrase, Urease and protein enzyme were tested respectively at the different stages of composting. The results showed that the variation trends of temperature was similar for C/N ratio conditions, the temperatures above 40℃ lasted for about 10 days. The Cellulase activities under the conditions of 25C/N and 30C/N were higher than those of 20C/N, and the peaks of enzyme activity were lagged behind of the temperature peaks. Under different C/N conditions, the variation trends of Sucrase activities mainly was similar to each other, and the peaks of enzyme activities was synchronous to the temperature peaks. The peak of Urease activity under condition of 30C/N was appeared earlier than those of other two treatments, and eventually, the Urease activity declined in the last stage of composting. The higher temperature could inhibited the activity of protein enzyme, and its peak under condition of 25C/N was showed later than those of other two treatments. It could be seen from the results that the activities of the same enzymes were different under different nutrition conditions, and they were closely related to the change of organic substances, So they could be as one of the factors for evaluating the compost maturity.

  The Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Optimization on Settlement in Upland Half a Mountainous Area 2012, 28 (11):  289-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3392 Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 711121KB )   ( 664 ) In order to Master variation characteristic and optimization of spatial distribution on settlement in upland half a mountainous area will provide an important basis for implement of planning and consolidation. Take Hailin city in upland half a mountainous in Changbai mountain as a case, used TM, DEM and other datum, the study quantitatively analyzed the spatial characterizations of settlements in the area from the aspects of elevation, slope, aspect, roads and rivers. The weight and score of each index were determined with Delphi Method, and then according to the population, economy social humanity and so on, the study divided the settlement into three types: relocation, reservation and development. Optimization on the settlement was in the end. The results indicated that with the elevation and slope increased, the number and area were gradually reduced. In the northern region, northern slope of settlement had the minimum area. Transport and water were significantly associated with spatial distribution of settlement. According to optimization, 148 settlements were determined as the relocation, 1632 settlements as the reservation and 40 settlements as the development.

  The Causes Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Changsha WU Yao-Xing 2012, 28 (11):  295-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3010 Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 603270KB )   ( 726 ) In order to develop the technical measures to alleviate the heat island effects in Changsha City, data set collected with method of test and investigation was analyzed the causes of heat island effects in urban area of Changsha City. The results showed that: urban heat island effect intensity was enhanced with the construction of the expansion of urban areas, and the scope and expansion trend of heat island effect was consistent with construction and development of urban areas; internal structure within the urban and urban surface characteristics of thermal properties was the basic foundation of urban heat island effects; artificially increasing the urban heat, which increased the urban heat in the atmosphere, promoted the formation of urban heat island effect; emissions of air pollutants and dust, adopting the ‘dust cover’ or ‘hood’ in the form of low coverage layer in atmosphere air, enabled the heat island effect through blocking long-wave radiation from the earth surface and, in turn, increasing the atmospheric long-wave radiation to the ground; weather and climate conditions played an important role in the presence of Changsha urban heat island effects. Changsha urban heat island effect generally happened in the conditions of sunny, no wind (or breeze), stable atmospheric stratification, and weak air turbulence. On the contrast, the heat island phenomenon of Changsha City did not happen under weather conditions of severe vertical movement of air, or duration of rainfall, precipitation, or earth surface wind speed over 4 m/s.

  Analysis of Climate Change Characteristics and R/S in Southwestern Shandong Province in the Last 50 Years 2012, 28 (11):  301-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3138 Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 790646KB )   ( 772 ) In order to overall analysis the climatic change and future trends in the last 50 years, providing scientific reference for reasonably utilizing climatic resources and agricultural production, by using linear-trend, Mann-Kendall and rescaled range analysis (R/S) method, the change characteristics and the future trends of the annual average temperature, the annual precipitation and the annual sunshine duration were analyzed in southwestern Shandong Province from 1961 to 2010. The results showed that the temperature increased in the last 50 years with a very significant change rate by 0.16℃ per 10 years, and an abrupt change occurred in 1995, while the Hurst index was 0.77 which indicated that there existed obvious Hurst phenomenon in the future. The annual precipitation was no obvious change, many abrupt changes occurred in the middle of 1980s and the beginning of the 21st century, while the Hurst index was 0.62 which indicated that the trend were great random and would change or remain stable in the future.? The annual sunshine duration decreased with a very significant change rate by 112.05.46 h per 10 years, and an abrupt change occurred in 1985, while the Hurst index was 0.95 which indicated that there reduced obvious Hurst phenomenon in the future. The forecast of climatic change tendency were the temperature continued to increase, annual precipitation shortage and sunshine reduced. In general, the whole study area showed warming and drying trend.

  Research Progress on Acid Deposition over China and Effect of Acid Rain on Agricultural Production 2012, 28 (11):  306-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2954 Abstract + ( 1381 )   PDF ( 612751KB )   ( 999 ) In order to study the characteristics of acid rain in China and its effect on agricultural production, an overview of 30 years of acid rain over China and its impact on agricultural production were elaborated in this paper. The outcome of characteristics of acid rain in China mainly included the spatial and temporal distribution (geographical distribution) of acidity, and the ion concentration in precipitation. The outcomes of various aspects in the research about effects of acid rain on agricultural production were introduced, which mainly included the seed germination, the growth, the quality and yield of main crops. The main origins of acid rain formation were discussed, and measures to reduce acid rain damage were investigated. Finally, future research was suggested.

  The Risk Zoning of Critical Meteorological Conditions of Corn Early Frost Disaster in Heilongjiang Province 2012, 28 (11):  312-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3073 Abstract + ( 1428 )   PDF ( 1179964KB )   ( 1373 ) In order to research the early frost disaster risk of corn in Heilongjiang Province for guiding the rational crop breed layout and reducing hazard of early frost disasters, the author took the corn as an example, from the identification of early frost disaster critical weather conditions, calculation of corn frost disaster critical meteorological conditions in the mature safety before the occurrence of the probability as a risk index risk division, drawing risk zoning map based on the theory of GIS. The results showed that corn frost risk distribution area had two distinct characteristics: one was the zonal distribution from north to south risk decreased along with latitude; the second was the risk increasing with the height increased. Daxing’anling, Heihe became the highest risk areas under the dual influence of high latitude and high elevation. Songnen plain and Sanjiang plain were the low risk areas because of the low altitude and relatively low latitude. Based on the climate warming and risk zoning map analysis, climate warming made corn planting area expand, and made a certain extent reduce of corn early frost disaster risk.