Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.14 Published:15 May 2012

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  Application of Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR on Avian Disease Diagnosis 2012, 28 (14):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3273 Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 558169KB )   ( 928 ) To understand the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology in the diagnosis of avian disease, the past three years real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and related literature in research of avian disease were consulted. The results showed that molecular biology diagnostic techniques widely used in animal disease detections because of its specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, quantity, rapid and capping. In this article, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology on diagnosis of avian disease was reviewed.

  Effects of Different Litter Ratio on Growth Performance of Broilers and on Environment in Chicken Coops in Deep-litter System 2012, 28 (14):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3801 Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 717342KB )   ( 879 ) A pile experiment was carried out on broilers feed farm, to research on the effects of different litter ratio on growth performance of broilers and on environment in chicken coops in Deep-litter System. For the same total mass of each treatment, 5 treatments were carried out: traditional litter (CK), 70% traditional litter+30% corn straw (30% S), 40% traditional litter+60% corn straw (60% S), 10% traditional litter+90% corn straw (90% S), 20% traditional litter+60% corn straw+20% zeolite (60% S+20% Z). The results showed that: (1) there were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed to gain ratio (F/G) among all treatments (P>0.05); but 30% S had lower feed to gain ratio (F/G) and death number than other treatments; (2) the moisture content and the concentration of NH3 rose gradually during the broilers growth. The moisture content of 30% S lower 12.91% than CK, the average concentration of NH3 lower 7.96% than CK.

  The Influence of Root-breaking and Exogenous Cytokinin Spraying on the Grazing Tolerance of Ryegrass 2012, 28 (14):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3131 Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 848354KB )   ( 825 ) The aim was to study the mechanism of continuous regeneration of ryegrass. By pot culture, the study investigated the improving continuous regeneration of ryegrass in terms of the influence of roots on leaves under frequent defoliation. The study consisted of four treatments: (1) no root breaking without spraying cytokinin, (2) root breaking without spraying cytokinin, (3) no root breaking with spraying cytokinin, and (4) root breaking with spraying cytokinin. The results showed that root breaking or frequent defoliation resulted in low biomass of the newly grown leaves and roots. Frequent defoliation increased gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content, decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and decreased the ZR content in newly grown leaves. Spraying with exogenous cytokinin promoted the increase in ZR content and newly grown leaf biomass under frequent defoliation. There were a significant positive correlation between ZR content and biomass in newly grown leaves under frequent defoliation. In general, under frequent defoliation cytokinin plays an important in improving continuous regeneration of ryegrass.

  Effect of Meteorological factors on fall mowing height of Alfalfa with Different Fall Dormancy in Beijing 2012, 28 (14):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3120 Abstract + ( 1244 )   PDF ( 712207KB )   ( 665 ) In order to study the effect of meteorological factors on different fall dormancy alfalfa after regeneration performance influence, using a completely randomized block design of the United States, 11 standard control fall dormancy alfalfa Varieties in autumn cutting regeneration relationship with meteorological factors. The results showed that: In Beijing area each fall dormancy alfalfa cutting in autumn two weeks after regeneration appeared significant differences, different fall dormancy alfalfa plant regeneration of height change and three meteorological factors of residual effect is smaller, descriptions of other factors on alfalfa fall cutting plantlet regeneration of high impact is not significant, it can be accumulated temperature, photoperiod and precipitation on fall dormancy of alfalfa as the main factor of influence. Its effects are accumulated temperature> sunshine time > precipitation. The accumulated temperature and photoperiod on alfalfa fall cutting height has the greatest effect on regeneration after. Effects of accumulated temperature on regeneration to direct effects, there is a significant positive relationship; light hours and precipitation by accumulated temperature on the regeneration of highly positive effects, and its regeneration the direct effects of negative effect.

  Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Lymphocyte Proliferation and the Level of Cytokines in Broiler Chicks 2012, 28 (14):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3204 Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 626032KB )   ( 879 ) In order to investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) on lymphocyte proliferation and the level of cytokines in broiler chicks. Three hundred and sixty one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres female broiler chicks were divided into five groups, each with six replicates. The first group was the control group and fed a basal diet, while the other four groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.009% aureomycin or 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25% EGB. The experiment lasted 42 days. Lymphocyte proliferation of peripheral blood and spleen and the level of cytokine IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α in serum were determined. The results showed that adding EGB to diets of broilers could improved lymphocyte proliferation of peripheral blood and spleen and increase the level of cytokine IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α in serum. The effect of adding EGB to diets was better than that of adding aureomycin to diets. The study suggested that adding EGB to diets could enhance the immunity of broilers.

  Effects of Rice Genetically Modified With Cry1Ac/sck on Intestinal Microflor of Broiler Chicken 2012, 28 (14):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1004 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 565974KB )   ( 704 ) To assess whether the transgenic brown rice used in broiler's diet had any deleterious effects on intestinal micoflor of broiler chicken, a 42- day feeding trial was employed. Three hunder sixty one- day old broilers were divided into three groups. One group was fed a diet containing transgenic brown rice and the other group was fed a diet containing corresponding nontransgenic brown rice. Three groups were fed a diet containing corn. Entericmicroorganisms at the 21 and 42 day of age were determined. No histopathological damages were detected. From this study, it was concluded that there were no adverse effects of the transgenic brown rice on the broiler chicken's entericmicroorganisms. The transgenic brown rice used in broiler's diet was safe on entericmicroorganisms of brolier chicken.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Combination in Big Flare Period on Silage Maize Yield 2012, 28 (14):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0405 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 749427KB )   ( 795 ) The objective of this trial was to optimize fertilization technology for silage maize.The trial used silage maize variety Zhongbei 410 and the split-split plot design to study the effects of different fertilizer combination in big flare period on fresh grass yield. The results showed that: (1) The silage maize fresh yield of different fertilizer combination model was established by quadratic polynomial stepwise regression, the model could accurately simulate the relationship between the application of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and the yield of silage maize. The effects of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and the interaction of nitrogen and phosphate on fresh grass yield were significant. (2) The fresh grass yield was increased as increasing the nitrogen and potassium application, and increased first and reduced later with the increasing the phosphate application. In the experiment, the fresh grass yield was reached maximum values (75.63 t/hm2) with N 138 kg/hm2, P2O5 31.71 kg/hm2, and K2O54 kg/hm2 in big flare period.

  Effects of Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth and Slaughter Performance of Broilers 2012, 28 (14):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0832 Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 600255KB )   ( 790 ) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fermented soybean meal additive on the growth and slaughter performance of broiler chicken. 250 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups, each group included four repeats, 10 broilers per replicates. The control group (Group Ⅰ) was fed to the basic diet. The Group Ⅱwas fed to the basic diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg zinc bacitracin and 6 mg/kg colistin sulfate. The treatment groups (Group Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ) were fed to the basic diet added with 3%、6% and 9% fermented soybean meal. The results showed that the average body weight gain of Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ was significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), and GroupⅤ reached remarkable level (P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of Group IV were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), and no significant difference between other groups. The survival rate of Group Ⅱand Group Ⅴwas significantly higher compared with control group (P<0.01), and Group Ⅳ reached remarkable level (P<0.05). The Semi-eviscerated percentage of Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than control group and Group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The eviscerated percentage of treatment groups were decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05), and Group Ⅳ has significantly difference (P<0.01). There were significant difference between Group Ⅲ and control group in leg muscle rate (P<0.05). The conclusion of study showed that 6% Fermented soybean meal was added with basic diet could significantly reduced the feed/gain ratio of chicken, and significantly increase the weight gain.

  Effects of Lactobacillin on Growth Performance and Slaughter Performance of Broiler Chickens 2012, 28 (14):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3153 Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 629682KB )   ( 1120 ) In order to investigate the effects of Lactobacillin on growth performance and slaughter performance of broilers. 300 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates in each group and 15 chickens per replicates. The chickens in control group (groupⅠ) were only fed with basic diet. Those in groupⅡ were fed with basic diet supplemented with antibiotics that was composed with 60 mg/kg Colistin sulfate whose content was ten percent and 200 mg/kg Zinc Bacitracin whose content was fifteen percent. And those in other groups (groupⅢ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ) were fed basic diet supplemented with Lactobacillin of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days. And the growth performance and slaughter performance were respectively measured on the 70th day. The results showed that the average feed intake had no significant difference in every group (P>0.05). The average weight gain of groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ were higher than groupⅠ (P<0.05), but the average weight gain of groups between groupⅡ and groupⅣ was not significantly deference. The feed conversion rates of group Ⅳ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P<0.05) at 70th day. The whole net carcass rate and half net carcass rate had no significantly difference in every group (P>0.05). The percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle of group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were higher than groupⅠ (P<0.05), significant differences were not observed between other groups (P>0.05). It was concluded that 100 mg/kg Lactobacillin could reduced the growth performance and slaughter performance of broilers.

  Preparation of AflatoxinB1 Complete Antigen and Mouse Polyclonal Antiserum 2012, 28 (14):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3182 Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 1496544KB )   ( 1043 ) The complete antigen of AFB1 was synthesized. The mouse polyclonal antiserum was prepared by immunizing the BALB/c mice with the complete antigen. The carboxyl group was introduced in the Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) molecule by Succinimide ester method. AFB1O was produced. AFB1-BSA and AFB1-OVA were synthesized by EDC and DCC methods. Thin layer chromatography technology, Uv spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE and immunological methods were used to identify the complete antigen. BALB/c mice were immunized with AFB1-BSA. The titer, sensibility and specificity of the antiserum was determined by indirect ELISA and competitive ELISA. The results showed that the antiserum titer of all the BALB/c mice were over 1:3200. The highest No.6 mouse reached 1.28×10-4 and the sensitivity is good with half inhibitory concentration IC50 of 22.268 ng/mL, low cross-reactivity. The complete antigen of AFB1was synthesized successfully. The sensitive polyclonal antiserum of AFB1 has been gained in this study, which laid a foundation for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies and the establishment of a rapid detection method against AFB1.

  Studies on the DNA Barcoding of 9 Species of Crane 2012, 28 (14):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3460 Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 704341KB )   ( 1000 ) Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified in 4 species of crane(22 individuals) by PCR with bird universal primers in order to study DNA barcodes of 9 species of crane.13 COI gene sequences of crane were downloaded from GenBank and BOLD Systems, totally 35 COI gene sequences were studied and build Neighbor-joining tree and Maximum parsimony tree to explore whether the DNA barcodes could distinguish between these species. The result shows that among the red-crowned crane group all were in the same class besides D1 and B18;in the group of white crane ,the individual codes AY567881 was in the same class of black crane; the result of phylogenesis analysis about other cranes was equal to the morphological classification result. The most possibility of the result maybe they were the same species or hybridize in related species because red-crowned cranes were all obtained from Shenyang Forest Wild Animal Zoo; The bigger difference in species of white crane probably cause by geography position or other reasons.

  Analyses of Differences in the Maternal Structure of Different Geographical Domestic Horses 2012, 28 (14):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0974 Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 851284KB )   ( 932 ) The aim of this study was to analyze the genetically structural differences of different geographical domestic horses and provide some molecular biology evidences for the maternal origins and domestication of the horses. The better knowledge about it was helpful for the evaluation of the genetic resources of the horses. We investigated the complete mitochondrial Cytb sequence of 36 samples from four horse breeds, Mongolian horse, Xinihe horse, Sanhe horse and Thoroughbred by amplification and direct sequencing. Combining with all the horse Cytb sequences deposited in GenBank, a total of 219 horse Cytb sequences were collected. 86 different haplotypes with 80 polymorphic sites were revealed with the analysis of the total Cytb sequences, and the haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.946 and 0.00454, respectively, indicating abundant genetic diversity in domestic horses. For the first time, we analyzed the differences of horse maternal structure in different geographic areas based on Cytb sequences, by dividing the total samples into North American, West European, East European, Middle East, Central Asian and East Asian groups. It was shown that the significant differences were only observed between North American group and three Asian groups. On the one hand, it indicated that the ingression within the horses in the Eurasian continent was great; on the other hand, it supported the assertion that the domesticated horses of North America originated from Europe to some extent. Seven distinct haplogroups (A-G) were revealed in the founded Median Joining network, supporting the multiple maternal origins of the horses. Moreover, all the seven horse haplogroups were composed of horses from several different geographic regions. Besides, there was no obvious correspondence between the geographic regions, maternal structure, and maternal origins among all the domesticated horses around the world.

  Influence of different extracted methods on the outer membrane protein of RA SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 2012, 28 (14):  62-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-0559 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 1200243KB )   ( 1067 ) The outer membrane of the Riemerella Anatipestifer (abbreviate as RA )are extracted through Sds method,Sarkosyl method,PMSF method,and are electrophoresized repectively.test result showed that three methods can extract the outer membrane of RA,but display differently electrophoresis bands by Coomassie brilliant stained；by comparison,Sds method is most suitable for extracting the outer membrane of RA; whether or other proteins whose molecular weight are different by the three methods belong the outer membrane protein antigeon,which need to be research farther more.

  A Review for the Molecular Biology Characteristics and Molecular Diagnosis Methods of Porcine Circovirus 2012, 28 (14):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3101 Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 836564KB )   ( 998 ) Porcine Circovirus (PCV), as the main pathogen of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) induced highly and widely public concerns in recent decades. Although simple and small, PCV has not been known all.The related researches on the PCV will promote the control and prevention of PMWS. And the rapid and effective molecular diagnosis technology is helpful to the epidemiological survey and early diagnosis of PMWS. After studying PCV for two decades, researchers has a deep knowledge on the pathogen molecular biology of PCV. This article will summarize on novel researches of molecular biology of PCV.

  Application of the Swiss Method for Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Eradication 2012, 28 (14):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0007 Abstract + ( 1435 )   PDF ( 603163KB )   ( 917 ) Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) was caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), one of the most important causes of disease associated loss in swine production worldwide, affecting pigs of all ages and all types of farm or production systems. Once infection was established, it was very difficulty to eradicate. Many developed countries, particularly in Western Europe and North America, through eradicate the pathogeny to control the disease. But it was important to remember that each farm was unique and that the extrapolation the results from eradication programmes implemented within other herds may not necessarily apply. Because of less cost, simple application, highly successful and flexible, the “Swiss method” had been extensive used in many farms. This paper gave a review to some mainly successful “Swiss method” programs for eradicating the MPS in different farms worldwide and summarized them for domestic eradicating the MPS.

  The Progress of the Detection Methods of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2012, 28 (14):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2641 Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 622258KB )   ( 993 ) In order to quickly and exactly detect bovine viral diarrhea virus, reduce the economic loss of cattle industry. This paper reviewed the method of detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The results showed that according to the farmers on the virus rapid accurate diagnosis needs, prospects for a new detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus method and immune colloidal gold test strip method. Immune colloidal gold test strip method improvement of bovine viral diarrhea virus detection methods, contribute to the rapid diagnosis of the virus.

  Exogenous CNT regulation research on dynamic variation of blood fat, sugar and protein in Haerbin white rabbits 2012, 28 (14):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2105 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 691042KB )   ( 713 ) The aim of our study is to find out the regulation law of exogenous CNT (including cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) on blood fat, sugar and protein in Haerbin white rabbits. We studied the dynamic variation law of different treatment groups in different time points within 4 days through injecting cGMP, cAMP and cGMP+cAMP. The results were as follows: blood fat content increased rapidly after injecting cGMP alone, about 17.63% in average, whereas after injecting cAMP the blood fat content decreased slightly. Increase of blood sugar content was only 1.79% in average after injecting cAMP alone, whereas after injecting cGMP the blood sugar content increased more than 10% in average. Increase of blood protein content was about 5% in average after injecting cGMP, cAMP and cGMP+cAMP. In addition, cGMP has a key role in accelerating fatty synthesis metabolism, blood fat content did not change during the first 10h of injecting cGMP, but significant effect on accelerating fatty synthesis was observed between 10 and 21h, and blood fat kept rising in certain rate after 21h of injection. But cAMP had a little effect in fat degradation. It has a fat degradation role with 45h of injecting cAMP, but changed into fat synthesis role between 45 and 65h, and the effect disappeared later. Furthermore, the effect CNT has little effect on blood protein, but gluconeogenesis resulted in the increase of blood sugar between 6 and 21h of injecting CNT. Finally, the dynamic variation law of these main metabolites provide beneficial theoretical basis in CNT regulation and control of the nutritive metabolic level in animals.

  The Combined Antibacterial Effect Study of Six Herbs in Sihuang Zhili Granules Against Chicken E. coli 2012, 28 (14):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0339 Abstract + ( 1564 )   PDF ( 618254KB )   ( 1602 ) In order to explore six herbs combined antibacterial activity in Sihuang Zhili granules against chicken E. coli in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of testing drug was detected against chicken E. coli by microtubule-plate method. The synergy index (SI) of fifteen Chinese drug pairs was detected by broth dilution checkerboard method in Sihuang Zhili granules and calculated the amount and ratio of herb couples when mutual compatibility of them showed synergism against chicken E. coli in vitro. The results showed that antibacterial effect of rhizoma coptidis was strongest in six herbs against chicken E. coli in vitro and MIC was 125 mg/mL. The combined antibacterial activity of four herb couples showed synergism. SI of scutellaria and cortex phellodendri was 0.27, ratio was 8:1, and MIC of its preparations was 31.3 mg/mL; SI of scutellaria and rhizoma coptidis was 0.63, ratio was 1:2, and MIC of its preparations was 62.5 mg/mL; SI of scutellaria and glycyrrhiza was 0.25, ratio was 1:4, and MIC of its preparations was 125 mg/mL; SI of scutellaria and radix et rhizoma rhei was 0.38, ratio was 1:2, and MIC of its preparations was 125 mg/mL. So this paper obtained ratio of four herbs couples according to detection of combined antibacterial effect in vitro, and to lay a foundation of further study on decomposed recipes of Sihuang Zhili granules.

  The Rivary Effect of the Compound Sijunzi Decoction to the Activity 2012, 28 (14):  93-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3376 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 548911KB )   ( 819 ) To study the rivalry effect of the compound sijunzi decoction to the activity of ATPase of cadmium on the liver in chicken. the 300 cocks were divided into 4 groups Randomly: the control group, the traditional Chinese medicine group(the compound sijunzi decoction group), the cadmium group、the herb and cadmium group. The ATPase activity of liver was detected respectively. After the chicken were killed in 15, 30, 45, 60 d. The results showed that the ATPase activity of liver significantly decreased in the cadmium group(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the ATPase activity in the herb and cadmium group was higher than in cadmium group, and the traditional Chinese medicine group were the most of them. The compound sijunzi decoction could rival the inhibition action of cadmium to the ATPase activity, and improved the energy metabolism of liver tissue.

  The Rivary Study of the Yupingfeng Power to the Cadmium Toxicosis on the Liver in Chicken 2012, 28 (14):  96-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3480 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 560754KB )   ( 778 ) To study the rivaty of the Yupingfeng Power to the Cadmium toxicosis on the liver in chicken, and the 150 30-day cocks were divided into 3 groups: the control group (A: feeding on a basal diet), the Cadmium group(B: feeding on a basal diet+150 CdCl2 150 mg/kg), the Yupingfeng power and the Cadmium group (C: feeding on a basal diet+150 CdCl2 150 mg/kg+1 mL the Yupingfeng power days), and all of them were allowed to feed on freely. The 10 cock of every group were killed after 15, 30, 45, 60 days, then the targets were detected in livers tissue. The results showed that as time of the Cadmium toxicosis prolonging, the activity of GSH-Px and SOD reduced in B group and C group, and the MDA production increased; The difference between the test group and the control group was significant (P<0.05) or significantly increased (P<0.01), and each index of C group was between A group and B group. The conclusion was that the Yupingfeng powder could reduced the Cadmium toxicosis effect, and rival the Cadmium toxicosis.

  Study on the In-vitro Cultured Methods for the Uterine 2012, 28 (14):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2822 Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 925356KB )   ( 861 ) In this experiment, it was aimed to investigate the suitable primary in-vitro cultured methods for the uterine endometrial cells of dairy cattles and sheep. Total four methods were compared with one another as following: the method by tissue culture only, the method by normal trypsin digestion only, the method by tissue cultured-trypsin digestion, and the one by trypsin digestion—tissue culture. The results showed that the uterine endometrial cells of dairy cattles and sheep took shape of either the spindle cell or the cobblestone morphology cell, normally grew faster than the method by tissue culture only than those by the other ones. The uterine endometrial cells of dairy cattles could not be obtained from the method by normal trypsin digestion only, but the uterine endometrial ones of sheep. Contrastly, through the method by the tissue cultured-trypsin digestion, the bovine uterine endometrial cells could be obtained, but could not be passaged and survival for a relatively long duration. In addition, through the method by the trypsin digestion-tissue culture, both kinds of uterine endometrial cells could be obtained similarly to the one by tissue culture only, but it easily displayed the residual block overlaying on the newly spreading cells, which would inhibit those viable cells from their proliferation. Collectively, it can be concluded that the method by tissue culture only is a shortcut, highly efficient way for establishing the in-vitro cultured model for the uterine endometrial cells of both dairy cattles and sheep. Such kind of uterine endometrial cells can be passaged for at least 4 generations, and be applied for the approriate analysis about their cellular function and molecular regulation.

  Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus Suis serotypes 2 and Susceptibility Test 2012, 28 (14):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-3266 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 817579KB )   ( 988 )

  Cloning and Prokaryotic expression of VP1 Gene of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Type A 2012, 28 (14):  110-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2249 Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 847313KB )   ( 915 ) Extract the RNA of FMDV tape A from frozen cells in the laboratory,then acquire the cDNA by RT-PCR. A special primer pair was designed which containing BamHⅠand HindⅢ according to complete genome of FMDV,the target gene VP1 was amplified by PCR and subcloned into pMD 18-T vector.Then, digest the VP1 from pMD18-T vector and expression vector PET32a with BamHⅠand HindⅢ, ligated gene VP1 into PET32a and named recombinant plasmid PET32-VP1 after identification. The interest gene was induced to express in E.coli with IPTG and identified with SDS-PAGE.The target protein was purified with Ni-NTA Purification System. Result showed that the target protein was expressed in E.coli and also purified.This provide laboratory important material for further study.

  Research Progress of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Penaeid Shrimp 2012, 28 (14):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3674 Abstract + ( 1634 )   PDF ( 626963KB )   ( 1038 ) In order to discuss the epidemiological feature, detection method and the prevention status of Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis (IHHN), a general introduction of the geographic range, basic characteristics, host range, genome research, pathogenicity, clinical signs of diagnostic significance and the diagnostic procedures of Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) were reviewed. This paper was aimed to provide systematic references and technical supports for prevention and control of IHHNV.

  Species Diversity Survey of Fish in Fuyuan Section of Heilongjiang River 2012, 28 (14):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3183 Abstract + ( 1536 )   PDF ( 712626KB )   ( 986 ) Through field investigation lasting 26 days in May, September of 2009 and July of 2010 with the way of trapping, catching and buying. we studied the fish species, distribution and diversity. in order to know the fish resource status in the Fuyuan section of Heilongjiang River. The results showed that there were totally 49 species of fish belonging to 38 genera, 14 families, 8 orders in this river. Most of them were small mesopelagic or demersal fish and Saurogobio dabryi, Phoxinus percnurus and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco are dominant species. comprised with other studies, species diversity level and population number of fishes in this river are lower, and 27 species, 7 families and 1 orders of fish have been absented. It has been suggested that fish species diversity has been damaged and the fish resources should be utilized reasonable and conservation in the Fuyuan section of Heilongjiang River.

  Effect of Fasting-refeeding on Mink Liver 2012, 28 (14):  126-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0723 Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 1631299KB )   ( 1010 ) The objectives of the present study were to investigate the timeline and characterize the development of hepatic lipidosis in the American mink (Mustela vison) in reponse to short-term 5 days of fasting and liver recovery after 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days of refeeding. Thirty female minks were divided into a fed control group and five experimental groups and 3% chicken oil were added to all the groups. We reported here the effects on body weight, body condition, hepatosomatic index and liver lipid content. Food deprivation resulted in the rapid loss of body weight, causing elevated hepatosomatic index and increased liver lipid content. As a result, body weight and liver recovered when normal feeding was resumed for 21 days to 28 days.

  The Effects of Chinese Herbal Compound on Growth and Antioxidant Defenses 2012, 28 (14):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2990 Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 627951KB )   ( 747 ) To use the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in culture of sturgeon, effects of three kinds of Chinese herbal compound on growth and antioxidant defenses of Amur sturgeon (Acipenserschrenckii Brandt) were studied. The three Chinese herbal compounds (compound A, compound B and compound C) were added into the base material as feed additive, and the one-year-old Acipenserschrenckii Brandt were fed with the experimental feed and the basic feed for 35 days. The growth rate of weight was investigated. The activities of SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and the content of MDA were measured by the test. The results showed that the Chinese herbal compound could obviously increase the activities of SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX. In particular, the SOD activity of the serum of three groups was higher than that in the control group significantly. Moreover, Group A and C both exhibited an apparent increase in the SOD activity of the livers. In comparison with control group, the activities of T-AOC of the serum and livers of three groups remained unchanged remarkably through all the test periods; However, the activities of T-AOC had a little gone up. Only the Group B and C showed obviously increase in the activities of GSH-PX of the serum of Group B and C, nevertheless, the activities of GSH-PX of the livers of three groups had no significant differences. Furthermore, the contents of MDA in serum of Amur sturgeon were lower than that in the control group, and there were significantly different in the serum and livers of three groups. Our results evidently the selected prescriptions have the function to promote antioxidant defenses of Amur sturgeon in the different levels.

  Effects of Inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccineon Immunity in Bullfrog 2012, 28 (14):  135-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2201 Abstract + ( 1457 )   PDF ( 597719KB )   ( 852 ) The isolated and identified Streptococcus agalactiae inactivated with 0.4% formaldehyde, made inactivated whole bacteria vaccine with CFA, immunity Bullfrog by injections. By measuring serum agglutinate titer, total protein, the determination of immunoglobulin and immune protection rate, determinate of status of the vaccine immune response. The results showed that all bacteria vaccine can improve the bullfrog serum antibody levels and total protein, immunoglobulin content. In addition, all bacteria vaccine infected bullfrog also has good resistance to the immune protective effects on the immune protection rate. Therefore, there is a potential to apply whole bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae to prevention and cure of Bullfrog suffering with Streptococcus agalactiae.

  TThe Improvement Effects of Gracilaria tenuistipitata on Water Quality in Crab (Scylla paramamosain) Pond The Improvement Effects of Gracilaria tenuistipitata on Water Quality in Crab (Scylla paramamosain) Pond 2012, 28 (14):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3630 Abstract + ( 1395 )   PDF ( 2575702KB )   ( 798 ) In order to reduce the risks and to enhance the crab yields. We threw the seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata into the crab pond with a semi-closed culture mode in the late cultivation period, and combined the parameters of the environmental factors and the crab yields and survival rate to check the improvement effects on water quality from the ecological aspect. It was shown that the levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH had been significantly higher than those of the control pond since the tenth day and the twentieth day respectively (P<0.05), the salinity had been significantly lower than the control since the twentieth day (P<0.05), the level of ammonia-N and nitrite-N had been lower than the control from the tenth day, and the level of phosphate-P and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was always higher than the control during the whole period owe to high starting levels of the former. But on the fortieth day the difference between the phosphate-P levels of the two ponds decreased. Moreover, the crab yields and survival rate was respectively 14.30 kg and 2.23% higher than the control, as well as those of the other cultured animals. It was indicated that the seaweed G. tenuistipitata improved the water quality in the crab pond with a semi-closed culture mode, reduced the probability of environmental factors degradation and increased the crab yields and survival rate, which enable controlling and deducing crab disease outbreak being feasible. So, this culture mode may be popularized in Niutianyang Culture Zone.

  The Evaluation of Urban Land Intensive and Economical Utilization and the Analysis of the Industrial Restructuring Potential in Chengdu ‘1+7’ Economic Zone 2012, 28 (14):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2696 Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 859780KB )   ( 963 ) In order to evaluate the intensive and economical utilization of land in Chengdu ‘1+7’ economic zone, and to promote further intensive and economical land-use in these areas, the author had constructed an overall evaluation index system of urban land intensive and economical utilization from 4 aspects: land investment intensity, land use intensity, land output effectiveness, and land sustainable utility. The methods of AHP and Delphi technique were adopted to determine the weight of index, while the Matlab software was applied to conduct fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the land investment intensity, the second and tertiary industry development level directly influenced the urban land intensive and economical utilization. The efficiency of intensive land-use was at a low level in the districts mentioned: Chengdu was at a moderate intensity, Deyang at a preliminary intensity, Mianyang and Ziyang at a low-grade extension, and Leshan, Suining, Meishan and Ya’an at a moderate extension. Confronted with the severe status quo, the author objectively put forward suggestions, including optimizing and adjusting the industry structure, focusing on the development of the buit-up area and the exploration of the potential so as to increase the per land income and choose the mode of intensive development and so on.

  Study on the Tourism Eliminating Poverty in State-level Poor County of Bazhong City 2012, 28 (14):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3796 Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 954338KB )   ( 1186 ) Nanjiang County in Bazhong City is known as one of state-level poor counties. It is of significance to drive poor farmers to get rich by developing the tourism economy. The aims at analysis the rural poverty and present situation and fundamental condition of tourism development were to find major countermeasures on tourism poverty alleviation development. The results were shown that the larger poverty population lived in rural area in Nanjiang County of Bazhong City, and the Engel coefficients during 2000 and 2008 has been large in this County. In terms of distribution, the poverty-stricken region was contiguous and in the past years the net income from the agriculture is negative. The major conclusions were that the tourism eliminating poverty would play more important role in turning the poor to rich in a poverty county for the agriculture, peasants and rural areas, not only depending on farming. The effect on tourism development for poverty alleviation was too little to make it the leading industry or pillar industry. The advantage formed in implementation of tourism development was to rely on the development of tourism Guangwushan Scenic Area. But the five big bottlenecks ,including investment, talent, system, market and culture, were still the larger difficulty need to be overcome. Finally, according to the bottleneck factors the development countermeasures were proposed. It should be great practical significance for the new socialist countryside construction to promote the Old Revolutionary Base Areas so that people lived in rural regions of the state-level poor county become richer in future.

  Research on the Combinative Paths of Tourism and Modern Agricluture Industries——Taking “Dapu Rural World” in Wuhu City as an Example 2012, 28 (14):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0306 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 654517KB )   ( 872 ) Tourism industry convergence is a new type along with the constant development of tourism industry.Dapu rural world in Wuhu city is the Combinative product of modern agriculture and tourism industries.This authors study the combinative paths of tourism and modern agricluture industries taking “Dapu Rural World” in Wuhu city as an example. Resources and technology convergence are the main combinative paths. market and function convergence are the combinative paths. In addition, the capital integration,organizational integration and human resources integration are the other combinative paths.The former combinative paths lead to new tourism products and new tourism industries,while the latter combinative paths are the strong guarantee to development of new tourism products and new tourism industries.

  An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing The Running Performance of Anxi County Tea Industry Chain 2012, 28 (14):  164-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0188 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 722766KB )   ( 801 ) The paper firstly divides the tea industry chain into growing step, processing step, circulation step, retail step and external environment according to the connotation of the industry chain; and then on the base of the literature review, designing the measured variables of tea industry chain running performance and its potential factors; collecting data through questionnaire survey, combining entropy method and multiple linear regression analysis, identifying the key influential factors of the running performance of Anxi county tea industry chain.

  Study on Enhancement of Produce Regional Public Brands from the Perspective of Festivals Exhibition 2012, 28 (14):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3823 Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 550149KB )   ( 781 ) Present development status of the agricultural festival exhibitions was analyzed through the qualitative research method on the basis of deep investigation, and it was found that there was single mode of current agricultural festival exhibitions and little influence resulting in weak produce region public brand consciousness and low brand value. It was considered that transformation and upgrade of agricultural festival exhibitions should be reasonably guided and produce regional public brand was enhanced through such aspects as specialized operation methods and characteristic or original planning of agricultural festival exhibitions. It was concluded that agricultural festival exhibitions had a unique significance to build produce regional public brand and spread the image of the region and the interaction between them should be valued.

  Peasant's Cognition on the Value of Bee Pollination: Based on the Empirical Study of Fujian 194 Family’s Dates of 6 Cities 2012, 28 (14):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1145 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 679448KB )   ( 771 ) Abstract：Chinese bee pollination service value of￥304.22 billion, and peasant household is the main service object of bee pollination. In order to comprehensively and thoroughly understand peasant's cognition on the value of bees and bee pollination, the authors had signed relevant questionnaires for investigating 194 peasant households of 6 cities in Fujian province. According to the survey data, the paper analyzed in detail the cognition status of peasant about bees, the value of bee pollination, renting bees and bee protection. The result showed that 78.87 percent of households had recognized the yield-increase effect caused by bee pollination, 62.37 percent of peasants had recognized bee pollination as an absolutely essential agricultural input, along with other conventional input such as fertilizers and pesticides, and thought government departments should carry out the bees resource protection projects and would to pay a fee accounted for 68.04%. However, only 16.49% of peasants intended to rent honeybees to pollinated crops and to pay some costs in agricultural production. The government should play a significant and leading role in development of bee pollination services, this paper provided 5 suggestions about supporting the beekeeping cooperative organizations, centralization management of renting honeybees, and so on.

  Agricultural Credit Supply and Efficiency Research of Fujian 2012, 28 (14):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0609 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 800892KB )   ( 978 ) Since reforming and opening, the agricultural loan dimensions are expanding ceaselessly, however, these credit supply is efficient, which is worth our discussion. In this paper, on the basis of the previous research, first summarize the agricultural credit supply situationof Fujian briefly, then measure the agricultural credit supply gap size indirectly, and then use Johansen cointegration test method to analyze the efficiency of the agricultural credit supply. The results show that, the agricultural credit supply gap is very still large in Fujian, the agricultural credit supply is lacking of efficiency of Fujian in the long term. Objectively assess the agricultural credit supply operation, truly reflect the effect of the credit support for our agriculture and operation efficiency, and thus contribute to accurately grasp the current agricultural credit trends of Fujian, improve rural credit degree of satisfaction, optimize the allocation of credit resources, and promote the development of the rural economy healthily.

  The Optimization Selection on Individual Account Actuarial Mode of New Rural Social Old-Age Insurance 2012, 28 (14):  188-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3525 Abstract + ( 1498 )   PDF ( 1132026KB )   ( 761 ) Analyzing the replacement rate of individual accounts pension under the different ways of pay and pension payment，the results show that actuarial mode of new rural social old-age insurance is more scientific and reasonable taking according to proportion of income payment and variable amounts of regular payment of pension. While the guidance of new rural social old-age insurance does a regulation of individual account quota payment，the insured person choose the payment level according to the national set standards，the month pension standard is that individual account stores all is divided by 139.Therefore，We should adjust pay grade timely on the basis of rural per capita net income under maintaining the continuity of policies and do a ransition to proportion of income payment and variable amounts of regular payment of pension . when conditions are ripe.

  Study on Demand indicators setting that agricultural colleges and universities provide serves to new rural construction 2012, 28 (14):  192-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3977 Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 675676KB )   ( 729 ) To explore a new mechanism and new modes for the agricultural colleges play a role on leading , supporting in rural economy, this paper defined the connotation of agricultural colleges and service offerings, based on further study of new rural construction of agricultural colleges and universities demand for services, and strive to make their needs and design requirements for quantitative description of measurement indicators, in order to reveal the new rural construction on agricultural colleges and universities the overall level of demand for services, and new rural construction demand to make scientific predictions. This use of factor analysis and analytic hierarchy for the new rural construction services for the agricultural colleges and the demand for the product set of 34 indicators, which will carry a certain amount of new rural construction demand information and lay the foundation for the demand estimates.

  The Analysis of Performance of Rural Public Investment in Xinjiang Province 2012, 28 (14):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0061 Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 656760KB )   ( 665 ) With the increasing public investment in rural areas, the clear understanding of investment performance is a good way to supply reliable and reasonable evidence to the government, s investing decision. The performance of public investment in rural areas are divided into economic performance and social performance. This paper employs an econometric model and takes Xinjiang Province as an example to analyze the performance of rural public investment. The results showed that public investment and the rural investment have a significant positive correlation; with rural public investment increased by 1 yuan, the agricultural value will increase to 0.322 yuan; The relevant statistics show that rural public investment also has a positive effect with social performance and the contribution greatly increased. Public investment greatly improve economic growth and people, s living standard in rural areas. At last, give suggestions such as promoting equalization of public goods supply in urban and rural areas, establishing multi-type of investment system.

  Analysis of Influence Factors Based on the Choice Model of Rural Labor Force Non-Agricultural Employment—— A Case Study of Wugong County in Shaanxi 2012, 28 (14):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0415 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 595281KB )   ( 708 ) Study the non-agricultural employment problems of rural labor force has great significance of increasing peasant's income and promote dual economic structure transformation. Along with market reform deepening, non-agricultural income is gradually becoming the main part of farmers' income growth,the trend of non-agricultural is obviously. According to a survey data of 83 peasants' household in Wugong county in August of 2011. Establish probit model as the representative of choice model,study on the condition of education degree,age,gender,training,marital status,effect of village cadre and land area per capita influence non-agricultural employment.Study found that, marital status, the training status and family per capita land area is not significant. Based on the analysis results and make some suggestions.

  Farms’ income structure evolution and its enlightenment 2012, 28 (14):  210-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0729 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 636420KB )   ( 1127 ) Peasants' income is closely related with its structure. To display the fluctuation rules between them, the paper combed out structure evolution of peasants' income since 1978, and divided into three phases according to the relationship of operating income and wages income. Based on the unbalanced development between all provinces and 10 years statistical data, peasants’ income evolution trend direction was simulated, to provide reference for the developing province. At last, some policy points of increase peasants' income were proposed.

  Analysis of Restricting Factors of the City Foreign Rural Married Female Labor Force Employment—Empirical Analysis of Hebei Province 2012, 28 (14):  214-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0552 Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 522700KB )   ( 721 ) in-depth analyzing of the rural married female labor force employment in the city status, timely finding and researching the problems existing in the process of city employment, have important sense to promoting the transfer of rural labor in China and the process of urbanization. The article takes the city foreign rural married female labor force as the research object, use survey data, constructs two probit model to empirically analyze the restricting factors of the foreign city rural married female labor force employment. It also gives corresponding suggestions.

  Corn Stalks the Optimal Conditions for Enzyme Production 2012, 28 (14):  218-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-0718 Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 716099KB )   ( 663 ) In this paper, in order to increase the enzyme activity of cellulase, using a solid state fermentation method to study the composition changes of corn straw after pretreatment. The solid to liquid ratio, temperature, pH and other effects on the enzyme production were also be investigated. The results showed that, the optimum conditions for cellulase were: the solid liquid ratio was between 1:(1.5-2), the same ratio of corn straw and wheat bran were used with 1.5% ammonium sulfate and natural pH for fermentation. The medium were inoculated with bacterial culture (20% v). In these conditions, the corn stalks after fermentation, enzyme activity was 300 U/g. All the results provided a theoretical basis for further study.

  GIS-based Cultivated Land Fertility with Fuzzy Variable Weight 2012, 28 (14):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0300 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 2760497KB )   ( 770 ) The variable weight theory based on balanced function was introduced, in which the constant weights was modified to get the variable weights, which would embody evaluation index weights more authenticity, and make the results of the cultivated land fertility evaluation more scientific. Based on the geographic information system(GIS), this research adopts analytic hierarchy process and variable weight theory to identify the ultimate weight of several affected factors and introduces fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to synthetically evaluate the cultivated land fertility of Gaozhou city automatically and quantitatively and also analyses its space distribution. The results suggest that 58505.0278hm2 cultivated land, the fertility of grade first to eighth account for 3.62%, 18.27%, 33.15%, 26.96%, 13.66%, 3.29%, 0.81% and 0.24%, respectively, which are in line with the local situation of the city. This result can not only be applied to Gaozhou agricultural production, but also contribute a beneficial exploration for carrying out studies about the evaluation of the cultivated land fertility of hilly regions of south China as well.

  Estimate and Study on the Soil Geochemical Baseline Value of Cu, Zn, Pb in Yili River Area 2012, 28 (14):  229-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3303 Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 594868KB )   ( 789 ) In order to provide discrimination standard for the Yili river basin soil caused by natural or man-made environmental disturbance, through systematic sampling and analysis of soil of this area, using standard method (Fe as standard element), the author estimated geochemical baseline values for heavy metal elements of Cu, Zn, Pb from 4 different types of soil include sierozem, kastanozem, chernozem and saline-alkali soil in Yili river area, respectively. The results indicated that geochemical baseline values of the same heavy metal element was very different, this might be caused by soil parent materials, soil forming process, human activities, and so on. The geochemical baselines of heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Pb were 51.2 mg/kg, 77.3 mg/kg, 25.7 mg/kg in sierozem soil, 58.6 mg/kg, 73.8 mg/kg, 23.3 mg/kg in kastanozem soil, 53.1 mg/kg, 62.7 mg/kg, 41.7 mg/kg in chernozem and 42.6 mg/kg, 55.1 mg/kg, 40.8 mg/kg in saline-alkali soil. Stardard method could preferably estimate the geochemical baseline values for heavy metal elements of Cu, Zn, Pb in soils of Yili river area, that could provide a basal understanding for the environmental pollution and degradation of the surface, forecasting and monitoring of global change effects and environmental changes.

  Research of the High Yield Profile Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus and Influencing Factors 2012, 28 (14):  234-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3709 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 653022KB )   ( 837 ) In order to explore the cause of formation and mechanism of high yield, and provide the theory basis fo artificial directional cultivating and efficient use of P. The representative of black soil in corn belt of the Songliao Plain was used as the soil for experiment, on the basis of field investigation and collection of different profile samples, studied phosphorus content of composition and absorption property in the high yield black soil. The results showed that, the contents of total phosphorus and available P of high yield were higher than its control group soil which was in the same depth of soil. With the increase of soil depth the contents of total phosphorus and available P reduced, total phosphorus and available P of high yield both had obvious accumulation, and the content of topsoil was 0.505 g/kg and 32.0 mg/kg, they were 1.2 times and 1.05 times than control group soil respectively. The different forms of inorganic phosphorus of high yield composing was Ca10-P (79.7%-16.0%) > Fe-P (27.1%-8.1%) > Al-P (27.2%-4.6%) > Ca8-P (21.0%-4.3%) > Ca2-P (10.6%-0.4%) > O-P (4.6%-1.4%), the control group soil composing was Ca10-P (77.6%-27.2%) > Fe-P (21.2%-9.4%) > Al-P (26.9%-2.2%) > Ca8-P (21.0%-4.0%) > Ca2-P (8.6%-1.2%) > O-P (7.8%-1.4%). The available phosphorus of the black soil with draw by Olsen-p method mainly was Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, but the effectiveness of Ca10-P and O-P was very low but they were potential phosphorus of plants.

  Fixation Effects and Mechanisms of Diatomite on Pb in Contaminated Soil 2012, 28 (14):  240-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3479 Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 813634KB )   ( 685 ) In order to apply and extend diatomite to repair the soil polluted by lead effectively, and recover production capacity of contaminated soil step by step, fixation effect, adsorption process, isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics of Pb on diatomite were investigated and revealed. The results showed that, diatomite could change Pb from exchange state to residual state adequately, addition of diatomite wouldn’t change pH and organic matter of soil, the adsorption process of Pb2+ on diatomite was mainly governed by chemical reaction in channels, the kinetic of Pb2+ adsorption on diatomite was consistent with Pseudo-second-order, the equilibrium adsorption data of Pb2+ on diatomite fitted to Langmuir isotherm, qm of Pb2+ on diatomite was 10.428 mg/g. The diatomite could fix lead in the soil effectively, and decrease its bioavailability, and was an available improver for contaminated soil.

  Restoration Effect Analysis of Abandoned Coal Mine Engineering of Mentougou in Beijing Based on Soil Physicochemical Properties 2012, 28 (14):  246-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3076 Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 633745KB )   ( 673 ) In order to verify the improved situation, the experiment determined the soil physicochemical properties of undisturbed region, restored region and destroyed region of MTG (Mentougou) abandoned coal mine in Beijing. The mathematical statistical analysis displayed the significant difference of 11 soil physiochemical properties; there were extremely significant differences of soil physicochemical effect between restored region and undisturbed region, destroyed region; and also found the soil remediation limit factor with single factor hypothesis test. The experiment confirmed that it was unable to complete the restoration only with the help of natural force; the comprehensive effect analysis proved that the physicochemical property of soil combined effect was obviously improved. The single factor hypothesis test proved that it was the soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium and total nitrogen that were the key recovery target in the future.

  Study on Soil Moisture Forecast Based on Previous Precipitation and Evaporation 2012, 28 (14):  252-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3314 Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 721515KB )   ( 1495 ) In order to provide better understanding and studying on soil moisture forecast methods, according to the soil moisture and meteorological data of 2009-2010 in Hengyang City, soil moisture forecast models were built and validated based on previous precipitation and evaporation. Research showed that soil moisture forecast line regression model was built based on the difference between precipitation by 1mm and evaporation and stepwise regression model was built based on precipitation by 1 mm, the difference between precipitation by 1 mm and evaporation, the soil moisture in 8-12 months of 2009 was predicted. The average forecast error for soil layer 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm was 10.06%, 5.56% and 7.14%, respectively by line regression model. The average forecast error for soil layer 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm was 10.05%, 5.59% and 6.85%, respectively by stepwise regression model. The results for the soil moisture forecasted by 2 models revealed the developing tendency of the drought in Hengyang City. The models can predict the change of soil moisture accurately, that provide references for carrying out meteorological services for farmers and disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Comparison of Soil Quality at Different Revegetation Stages of Mining Wasteland at Zijinshan Gold-copper Mine Fujian Province 2012, 28 (14):  258-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3799 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 777403KB )   ( 753 ) The research aim was to understand the influence of revegetation of mining wasteland at gold-copper mine on soil physical and chemical properties, soil moisture content, aggregate structure, nutrient, heavy metal content and soil erosion were measured at 4 different revegetation stages of mining wasteland by the vegetation governance mode of Pinus massoniana +Lespedeza bicolor+Vetiveria zizanioides+local beach turf at Zijinshan gold-copper mine in Fujian Province, by using the method of substituting spatial difference for time change. The results showed that soil moisture content reduced in the first year of revegetation, then increased gradually with time, being close to the control after 5 years. The soil total N, available-N, total K and organic matter content were increased gradually with time and exceeded the soil nutrient critical value, but they were less than the control after 5 years. Soil total and available-P initially increased and then decreased with recovery time. After initially increasing and then decreasing, the water stability of soil aggregates increased, apart from particles with diameter 0.25-0.5 mm and there was no significant difference to the control after 5 years. The soil heavy metal content showed a similar pattern over time and the total content of Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni were 2.7, 5.6, 1.2 and 1.2 times respectively, that of control after 5 years. Soil total Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr and Ni content did not exceed the China National Soil Environment Quality Standard (level Ⅲ) after 5 years, apart from Cd. Soil erosion decreased gradually with increased recovery time, and there was no significant difference to the control after 5 years. The results indicated that Pinus massoniana +Lespedeza bicolor+Vetiveria zizanioides+local beach turf was better allocation mode to the soil quality restoration of the wasteland at Zijinshan gold-copper mine.

  The Research of removing Ammonia Nitrogen in Landfill Leachate by Biomass Carbon 2012, 28 (14):  264-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3884 Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 802975KB )   ( 741 ) In order to search for economic and effective ammonia nitrogen adsorption material, and provide some practical references selection with physicochemical treatment technology in leachate application, the author studied the effects of various parameters, such as dosages, absorption time, initial pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration on removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and its adsorption dynamics. The results showed that with increasing the dosages of charcoal, the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen was increasing. The removal rate of NH3-N was best, which respectively were 34.27%-39.41%, 24.21% and 16.91%, when the dosages of carbon was 80-160 g/L, pH was 10, absorption time was 240 min. Charcoal had certain removal effect of ammonia nitrogen in landfill leachate, its adsorption dynamics characteristics was consistent with the pseudo two order kinetics equation and the intraparticle diffusion equation.

  Spatial-temporal Changes and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Wetland in Changsha City in Recent 50 Years 2012, 28 (14):  269-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2860 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 844185KB )   ( 780 ) In order to provide valuable ecological benefits to urban ecosystems and properly design plan and use the wetland in Changsha, spatial statistics (geostatistics) was employed in analyzing the changes of size and distribution of wetlands during the 1955-2007. The results showed that: (1) from 1955 to 2007, human activities played a key role in spatial-temporal change of wetland of Changsha. All wetlands ring distributed around the city of Changsha. The wetland area was increased firstly and then decreased. (2) The area of ponds and ditches were increased significantly from 1955 to 1990, however, were substantially decreased from1990 to 2007. The area of lake and reservoir was fluctuated, it decreased ceaselessly from 1955 to 1972, and increased from 1972 to 1990, then decreased from1990 to 2007.The change of the area of river was small. River was more stable. (3) In the four period, according to Moran's I index, Moran scattered point diagram, the distribution of the ponds was concentrated, the distribution of the river was dispersed, the distribution the lakes and canals was random. And in 1970, 1990 and 2007, the distribution of the ponds was high value formed by the aggregation of spatial autocorrelation. Furthermore, the distribution of a lot of ponds presented positive local spatial autocorrelation in each period. In summary, an examination of changes in wetland size and distribution was useful in wetland management, especially in urban and fast-growth regions. Locations where wetland losses were occurring most frequently could be identified, as well as the types of wetlands most frequently destroyed and the predominant causes of loss. This information, in conjunction with information on projected population increased, could be used to help resource managers and regulators anticipate where increased demands on wetlands were likely to occur. These areas could then be targeted for protection prior to urbanization and the consequent wetland destruction.

  Cd Uptake and accumulation of ramie planting in contaminated soil in Anhua and Zhuzhou of Hunan provice 2012, 28 (14):  275-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1180 Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 698555KB )   ( 994 ) Four varieties of ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud) were planted in farmland of Anhua and Zhuzhou ,which had been irrigated by Cd wastewater,yield and Cd concentrations in stem,bark and leaf of ramie were investgated.The results showed,yield of ramie that planted in Anhua and Zhuzhou was 2501, 2148 kg/hm2.a, respectively. Analyses of variance showed that Cd concentration in bark was significant higher than in stem and leaf. Concentration of Cd in ramie shoots of Anhua and Zhuzhou was 21.05,7.75 mg/kg,respectively,Cd concentration in shoots was obviously different in 4 varieties,and increased as the increasing Cd concentrations in the soil. Bioaccumulation factors of 4 ramie varieties were higher than 1.Zhongzhu No.1 had markedly higher aboveground biomass and Cd bioaccumulation than other ramie varieties.Therefore,the selection and breeding of varieties that had strong tolerance and accumulated higher levels of Cd are believed to bring great economical and environmental benefits.

  Wetland Change Forecast in Beijing Based on Support Vector Machines 2012, 28 (14):  280-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3933 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 860956KB )   ( 858 ) In order to achieve sustainable development and scientific management of Beijing wetland, the author analyzed Beijing remote sensing data for acquiring different types of wetland data, by using remote sensing and GIS technology. Because wetland area is typical of small sample data, support vector machine was introduced into the time series model fixed order method, and then applied K cross validation methods to seek optimum parameters, established the Beijing wetland changes prediction model. Through the historical data of Beijing wetland was simulated, and comparing with RBF neural network, the author verified the validity of the forecast model of SVM, and then used this model to predict Beijing wetland future changes. The forecast results showed that the series model had higher precision of prediction and strong generalization ability, Beijing wetland in the next few years, reservoir, rivers, canals and ditches area would gradually decline, rice paddies area would continue to fall, breeding area would be increased, the predicted results conformed to reality Beijing wetland trend. The findings had provided the basis for the sustainable development and the scientific management of Beijing’s wetlands.

  Research on Test of Arbuscular Mycorhiza Ecological Restoration on the Iron Tailings 2012, 28 (14):  285-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-2914 Abstract + ( 1262 )   PDF ( 594211KB )   ( 653 ) The large-scale development of mineral resources, causing widespread tailings wastelands of generation, has caused serious ecological environment problems. Through the series of pot experiments were conducted to reveal the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant adaptation to the harsh environment and the effect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in revegetation. A pot culture experiment was carried out to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) including the growth of soybean, infection rate and change of nutrient in tailings. The results showed that the inoculation of mycorrhizal soybean infection rate was higher, and soybean root inoculation of mycorrhizal soybean root of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was higher than CK, the highest control more than two times, higher in inoculation different contents mycorrhizal fungi trial (10 g-25 g-50 g), soybean growth and nutrient content were significantly low-high-low phenomenon. Through experiment, inoculation arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could good promote soybean in iron from tailings of growth, raise soybean to tailings of nutrient uptake, tailings ecological reclamation which had played a positive role. The mycorrhizal technology was introduced into the iron tailings of ecological restoration study, the use of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal with each other, made the plant grow better in iron tailings, and put forward new ideas for ecological restoration of abandoned iron tailings.

  The Analysis of Distribution Characteristics of Main Meteorological Factors in the Northeast China 2012, 28 (14):  290-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3557 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 1437391KB )   ( 698 ) In order to know the variation of the main climate factors in northeast China and better guide the arrangement of crop varieties, climate data of 97 climate stations for 46 years from 1961 to 2006 were analyzed. By using inverse distance interpolation method, the regional distribution of accumulated temperature, rainfall and radiation were analyzed, variation and trends among years of each climate factor in growing season (May to September) and the whole year were also analyzed. The results indicated that the distribution of accumulated temperature, rainfall and radiation in northeast China was consistent. Each climate factor was periodically changed between years. So, it was very important for high yield to take full advantage of regional and space-time rules of the main climate factors in northeast China and make reasonable distribution of crops.

  Simulation Analysis of Extreme Events of Climate Change in the Northeast China in the Future 2012, 28 (14):  295-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0408 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 3262963KB )   ( 806 ) In order to predict and evaluate the extreme events of climate change in northeast China under the background of global warming, and provide reference for food production to address the extreme events of climate change. The regional climate model system PRECIS developed by Hadley centre for climate prediction and the research had been used to study the extreme events of climate change response under the baseline and SRES A2 scenario in the northeast China. PRECIS had the ability to simulate the extreme events of climate change in northeast China and their spatial distributions of and details varies with terrain through simulations and compared with observations under the baseline. As the analysis and calculation results under SRES A2 scenario relative to baseline (1961-1990) showed that: a clear change of frequency of climate change extreme events would occur in northeast China. Extremes of cold decrease, extremes of heat increase, and summer days raised obviously with an increase of 50%-400%. Extreme temperature range increased with an increase of 0-5%; Length of growth period varied with geographical features, there was a greater increase in the east and west in the northeast China, but both frost days and consecutive frost days tended to decrease.

  Trend Analysis of Water Resources of Wafangdian Area in Recent 50 Years 2012, 28 (14):  301-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3802 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 801190KB )   ( 633 ) It is very critical to make researches on the changes in water resources under the background of climate warming, in order to provide a scientific basis for the disaster prevention and mitigation, thus to promote the development of agricultural economy and food production in the region. The author estimated the evaporation with the empirical fomula of land evaporation by Koichiro Takahashi, using the monthly average temperature, precipitation sequence of data of Wafangdian, Dalian City from 1961 to 2010, and analyzed the charateristics of water resources change on precipitation, evaporation and the difference between precipitation and evaporation, using Mann-Kendall rank correlation test method, linear trend and other statistical methods. The result showed that the annual change of precipitation, evaporation and the difference between precipitation and evaporation trended to be consistent, among which, January was the minimum, July was the maximum. There were richest water resources in summer, richer in autumn and least rich in spring and winter. In crop growth season, precipitation as well as the difference between precipitation and evaporation approximate to 50 years trend to decrease. The change of evaporation was stable. Climate tendency rates were 6.588 mm/10 a, -7.684 mm/10 a and 1.096 mm/10 a, respectively. The annual precipitation as well as annual difference between precipitation and evaporation trended to decrease. The change of annual evaporation trended to be zero. Climate tendency rates were -9.537 mm/10 a, -8.741 mm/10 a and -0.796 mm/10 a, respectively. The annual difference between precipitation and evaporation reduced, with ultimate ratio reaching 13:1 which illustrated that in the meanwhile the water resources reduced, drought and flood frequency increased, reminding people of paying attention to the change of water resources and adjusting the agricultural structure accordingly.

  Water Quality Evaluation and Zooplankton Seasonal Changes in Backwater Area of Pengxi Riverin the Three Gorges Reservoir 2012, 28 (14):  307-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3716 Abstract + ( 1401 )   PDF ( 814799KB )   ( 807 ) In this study 5 sampling sites in Pengxi River, the largest tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the northern shore were chosen and sampled in March and May of 2009, respectively, to research the properties of the zooplankton community by using Margalef Abundance Index (d), Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Pielou Evenness Degress Index (J). It was found that the result of assessing water quality by water nutrient concentrations was different from that through zooplankton property. The latter assessment concluded a better water quality than water quality conclusion from the former one.

  Research for Three Common Minerals in Northern Adsorption Characteristics of Lysine 2012, 28 (14):  313-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3777 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 634669KB )   ( 733 ) For the amino acid organic wastewater treatment as well as reuse of resources providing a theoretical reference. Based on amino acid-rich organic wastewater pollution increasing in recent years, Experiment selection of three natural mineral-type adsorbents to research the characteristics of adsorption and desorption of Lysine, Experiment used temperature shock absorption batch, Ninhydrin colorimetric determined Lysine and calculated by subtraction. Experiment also used Langmuir, Freundlich equation fitted. The results showed that three natural mineral-type adsorbents’ maximum adsorption of Lysine (Qm) expressed that Zeolite>Bentonite>Diatomite; Adsorption binding energy (K value) expressed that Diatomite>Bentonite>Zeolite; 1/N value expressed that Zeolite>Bentonite>Diatomite. Desorption rate of Lysine expressed that Zeolite>Diatomite>Bentonite, lag degree was opposite. Therefore, in order to get a large number of adsorption, and to use what was deserted again, it’s best to select Zeolite, and if in order to get a good adsorption and hold stability to prevent pollution, it’s best to select Bentonite.