Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.35 Published:16 December 2018

  Paclobutrazol and Chlormequat: The Dwarfing Effect on Hybrid Wheat and Its Parents 聂迎彬,桑伟,徐红军,刘鹏鹏,穆培源 and 田笑明 2018, 34 (35):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090083 Abstract + ( 857 )   The paper aims to explore the effect of spraying different chemical regulators on plant height and yield in hybrid wheat seed production. The authors took the hybrid wheat‘Xindong43’and its parents as the study materials, adopted 2 chemical regulators paclobutrazol (PP333) and chlormequat (CCC) for spraying 1 time and 2 times on foliar at wheat starting and jointing stage, to study the effect of chemical regulators on plant height dwarfing and yield. The results showed that: the plant height and internode length of the 3 materials could be effectively reduced by spraying 350 mg/L of chlormequat and 400 mg/L of paclobutrazol, and different doses of chlormequat were negatively correlated with yield. Choosing different spraying methods according to planting purposes can not only reduce the plant height to improve the lodging resistance of wheat, but also decrease the plant height difference between the parents in hybrid wheat seed production, and improve the yield of seed production.

  Characteristics Analysis of New Type Corn Hybrid‘Yudan 112’ 2018, 34 (35):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060077 Abstract + ( 901 )   By analyzing the characteristics of the new maize hybrid ‘Yudan 112’, it will be hoped to provide theoretical basis for the widespread application. The elite maize hybrid ‘Yudan 112’ derived from the crossing between the excellent inbred lines ‘L217’ and ‘L119A’, which were developed by continuous selfing and combining with haploid breeding technology. The yield, grain quality and diseases resistance of ‘Yudan 112’ were analyzed based on the region experiments at 17 locations across two years. The results showed that the yield of ‘Yudan 112’ was higher with over 9 percentage than that of the check hybrid ‘Zhengdan 958’. The ear traits for ear length, kernels per row, cob diameter, grain yield per ear and seed rate of ‘Yudan 112’ were better than those of the control. ‘Yudan 112’ with bulk density of 782 g/L, crude protein of 12.4%, crude oil of 4.04%, crude starch of 70.84% and lysine of 0.33%, was a high quality hybrid. It performed multi-disease resistance, especially, the resistances to the Helminthosporium maydis, Curvularia lunata and MDMV (maize dwarf mosaic virus) were better than those of the check. The genetic basis of ‘Yudan 112’ was significantly different from those of the hybrids ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Pioneer 335’, which were most widely planted in China presently. Therefore, ‘Yudan 112’ was a new type of maize hybrid with strong heterosis, and would have a broad application prospect.

  Soil Temperature at Seedling Stage: Effect on Early Growth Process of Cotton 2018, 34 (35):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100097 Abstract + ( 634 )   To study the effect of soil temperature change on seedling emergence and growth of cotton, a field experiment is conducted and 3 different sowing dates are set up, and then the relationship between soil temperature and cotton growth is investigated. The results showed that at the seedling stage, the fluctuation affected by temperature at 5 cm soil layer was larger than that of 10 cm and 15 cm soil layer, and the ground temperature was relatively higher, with the delay of sowing time, the temperature difference in different soil layers decreased. The seedling could be seen on the 4th-5th days under different sowing time, and they were affected by the accumulated temperature slightly. But with the delay of sowing time, the entering time to seedling growth increased. From the first real leaf to showing one or two buds, there was only 1 day difference between the first and the second sowing time. The interval of leafing became short, but the interval of the second and the third sowing time became long. The plant height of the third sowing time was the tallest, 20 cm higher than that of the other sowing time, and the difference was significant. The difference of plant width and height of the first node was up to 5.5 cm and 5.3 cm, respectively, and the difference increased with the delay of sowing time. The experiment suggests that no matter how the sowing time changes, only the slow-down of the ground temperature change could benefit the seedling emergence and growth of the cotton, and the construction of an ideal structure.

  The Relationship Between Potato Photosynthetic Characteristics and Soil Available Nitrogen Content in Continuous Cropping System 2018, 34 (35):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040128 Abstract + ( 657 )   Potato is one of the main crops in Ulanqab, but the potato continuous cropping obstacle is becoming more and more serious, which has already affected the sustainable development of the industry. The local major cultivar‘Houqihong’, as the experiment material, was planted in rotation, one year continuous cropping and two years continuous cropping. Photosynthetic performance related indexes and soil available nitrogen content were investigated every 15 days from 33 days after emergence. The results showed that the change trend of leaf area index (LAI ), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD ), photosynthetic rate (Pn ) and transpiration rate (Tr ) were same for the three treatments with the advance of the growing period. Compared with the control, leaf area index (LAI ), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD ), photosynthetic rate (Pn ) and transpiration rate (Tr ) were reduced significantly for two year continuous cropping at some growing periods, while had no obvious change for one year continuous cropping. The content of soil available nitrogen of control was significantly higher than those of two years continuous cropping after emergence, while that of one year continuous cropping had no big difference. And correlation analysis indicated that the content of available nitrogen was positively correlated with the index of photosynthetic characteristics. Therefore, it is conducive to improve the photosynthetic characteristics when nitrogen fertilizers are rationally increased in soil, especially at the middle and late growing stage.

  Under Northeast China Rotary Tillage: Yield and Quality Variations of Sugar Beet with Rotary Planting and Flat Planting 2018, 34 (35):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060061 Abstract + ( 901 )   To study the effects of ridge planting and flat planting on yield and quality of sugar beet in the northeast region under the rotary tillage, using beet‘H004’as the experimental material and partitioning methods in 2017, sugar beet root yield, green stem and leaf production, sugar content, ratio of dry matter quality between ground and underground parts of beet, soil water content and soil bulk density were measured in rotary tillage soil of Hulan district of Harbin under the condition of ridge planting and flat planting. It was found that there was no significant difference in sugar content between flat planting and ridge planting beet under rotary tillage conditions, but the yield of ridge planting beet root was higher than that of flat planting beet. The yield of sugar beet root in ridges reached 87.8 t/hm2, while the yield of sugar beet root in flat planting beet root was only 72.9 t/hm2. In addition, the study found that some dry matter of flat beet accumulated more on the ground. For example, ratio of dry matter quality between underground and ground parts of flat planting sugar beet should be significantly lower than that of ridge planting sugar beet. At the same time, it was found that the soil water content and soil loose degree of ridge cultivation were better than those of flat cultivation. For example, in the 20-26 cm soil layer, the soil weight and water content of the ridge soil are 1.38 g/cm3 and 21.96 %, respectively, while the soil weight and water content of the 20-26 cm flat planting soil are only 1.56 g/cm3 and 19.35 %. Our study shows that the cultivation of ridge is more suitable for sugar beet production under the conditions of rotary tillage in northeast China, and it is also playing an important role for the construction of high-yield sugar beet cultivation patterns in northeast China.

  Brassica napus L. at Seed Germination Stage: Cadmium Tolerance Analysis and Cadmium Tolerance Materials’Screening 2018, 34 (35):  26-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120102 Abstract + ( 626 )   This study aims at the effects of cadmium on seedlings of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the screening of cadmium tolerant lines (varieties). Taking 35 Brassica napus. L lines (varieties) from differentngenetic backgrounds as the materials, we carried out the stress treatments under different concentrations of cadmium (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L), respectively; and determined 6 indexes including the relative germination vigor, the seedling rate, the inhibition rate of root length, the inhibition rate of seedling height, the inhibition rate of seedling fresh weight and the inhibition rate of seedling water content, to evaluate the cadmium tolerance in different rapeseed lines (varieties) by using the principal component and subordinate function analysis. The results showed that: with the increase of cadmium concentration, cadmium stress enhanced the germination vigor of most rapeseed lines (varieties), but the seedling rates were inhibited; the inhibition rate of root length and seedling height were raised and the seedling fresh weight and seedling water content decreased. 10 lines (varieties) were selected by comprehensive assessment, among which the material C13095-6 showed the strongest cadmium tolerance. This study provides a reference for screening and breeding

  Diversity and Complexity of Plant Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family: Research Progress 2018, 34 (35):  36-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120040 Abstract + ( 595 )   Plant heat shock transcription factor (Hsf), as a kind of crucial regulators in network regulation, can respond to multiple biological stresses and abiotic stresses, and confer various tolerances to plants. Hsf research in plant mainly focuses on model plant, the most research objectives are class A members. The researches on crop Hsf families are relatively lagging, and gradually develop to be hot fields in recent years. In this paper, the structure, classification, functional diversity and regular mechanism of Hsf in plant are reviewed. It emphatically points out that the pleiotropic roles of plant Hsf could not only benefit the adaptation to single stress environment, but also enable plants to easily adapt to the cross stress environments which are more similar to natural environment, so Hsfs are a kind of ideal genes for crop genetic improvement of stress tolerances. In future, based on fully understanding of classification and characteristics of crop Hsf families, it is necessary to strengthen the regulatory functions of Hsf to various adversities and common stresses, and explain the specificity of spatial and temporal expression and network regulation mechanism of Hsf families. At the same time, major aspects and technological difficulties in the deep research are discussed in this review.

  Methods to Detect the SSR Amplified Product in Sugar Beet: A Comparative Study 2018, 34 (35):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010035 Abstract + ( 763 )   Using 16 pairs of sugar beet SSR primers to amplify 12 different sugar beet varieties, 8% nondenaturant polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 3% Metaphor agarose electrophoresis and 3% agarose gel electrophoresis were adopted to test the products of SSR amplification respectively and the differences between the test results were compared. The results demonstrated that: the resolution capacity of 8% non-denaturant polyacrylamide gel on the difference in tiny bands was much higher than that of the 3% Metaphor agarose and the 3% agarose gel; the resolution ratio of Metaphor agarose was higher than that of the agarose gel. However, for primers with fewer bands, the 3 gels showed no difference; for primers with more bands, if the bands were concentrated, the 3 detection methods would produce significant difference; if the bands were scattered, the 3 gels would only present small difference. Since Metaphor agarose has higher prices, softer gel (harder to handle) and lower resolution ratio than polyacrylamide gel, it is not recommended. 8% polyacrylamide gel is suitable for fingerprint construction and genetic diversity analysis while agarose gel is applicable to identifying the purity of variety.

  Water and Fertilizer Integration Affect the Quality of Low Anvil Close Planting Fuji Fruit 2018, 34 (35):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010040 Abstract + ( 663 )   The quality change of low anvil close planting Fuji fruit under different water nitrogen combinations are studied to explore the best ratio and provide a research basis for the integrated water and fertilizer management. Low anvil close planting Fuji apple grafted by interstocks SH6 was used to comparatively analyze the fruit quality traits, such as appearance quality (single fruit weight, fruit shape index), internal quality (skin hardness, fruit brittleness, pulp hardness and pulp fineness) and flavour index (acidity, soluble solids content) with fruit quality under field common management. The results showed that the quality change under different water nitrogen combinations had certain differences. The fruit quality under high water + high fertilizer, high water + low fertilizer and low water + high fertilizer decreased, through principal component analysis, quality influencing factors of W2N2, W3N2, W2N1 ranked the top three. When 60% field water capacity was made as irrigation limitation, and 50% nitrogen (W2N2) was reduced, Fuji fruit had the highest quality and high shape, peel with moderate hardness, dense and crisp pulp, and delicious flavor, and the excellent fruit rate is relatively high. So, for low anvil close planting of Fuji apple in arid and semi-arid region, the best water and nitrogen combination is 60% field water capacity as irrigation limitation with medium nitrogen level, which could improve the comprehensive quality of fruit.

  Rana Chensinensis: The Relationship Between Age and Body Weight, Oviduct Weight 2018, 34 (35):  54-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020082 Abstract + ( 540 )   This research aims at the relationship between age and body weight, oviduct weight of Rana chensinensis. The data of body weight and oviduct weight of Rana chensinensis (n=429) were analyzed with the clustering statistics analysis by SPSS 18.0 software, and the age groups of Rana chensinensis were preliminarily divided. The femur of randomly selected Rana chensinensis with different body weights and oviduct weights was sliced with paraffin section method. The age of Rana chensinensis was identified through observing the number of the growth ring lines on the cross-section of the femur. The result of cluster analysis was verified. We found that the frogs could be divided into five age groups using the cluster analysis and the femur slice test could accurately classify 1-4 age of Rana chensinensis. The body weight of 1-year-old Rana chensinensis ranged from 15.56 to 21.95 g and the oviduct weight ranged from 0.45 to 1.01 g. The body weight of 2-year-old Rana chensinensis ranged from 21.13 to 35.78 g and the oviduct weight ranged from 0.98 to 1.74 g. The body weight of 3-year-old Rana chensinensis ranged from 29.18 to 43.91 g and the oviduct weight ranged from 1.52 to 2.45 g. The body weight of 4-year-old Rana chensinensis ranged from 40.00 to 54.75 g and the oviduct weight ranged from 2.17 to 2.96 g. The study indicates that the age of Rana chensinensis can be judged by the body weight and oviduct weight.

  Development, Research and Prospect of Liquid Film in China 2018, 34 (35):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070086 Abstract + ( 747 )   This paper reviews the development history of liquid film, and briefly describes the production materials of each of the five generations of liquid film in China, then summarizes the application objects, scope of application and application effects of liquid film. Many studies have shown that liquid film can be applied to most crops and a wide range of areas. It can significantly increase crop yield, soil temperature, water content and water use efficiency, effectively reduce soil erosion and“white pollution”, improve farmland ecological environment, thus to promote the sustainable development of green agriculture in China. The study points out some problems such as the spraying environment, injection concentration, durability, and integrity of liquid film, existing in the application of liquid film, which need further research by scientific and technological workers to continuously upgrade liquid film to obtain better results. Finally, it puts forward the assumption about waste resource regeneration liquid film, and discusses the research and development trend of integrated technology.

  Influence of Biochar on the Physicochemical Properties of Black Soil in Northeast China 2018, 34 (35):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060099 Abstract + ( 634 )   To explore the influence of biochar on the physicochemical properties of black soil in northeast China, a field experiment with five treatments was set up as 600, 1200, 1800, 2400 and 3000 kg/hm2 and CK. The results showed that biochar could increase soil porosity, electrical conductivity and water holding capacity while reduce soil bulk density in terms of soil physical properties. In terms of chemical nutrients, biochar could effectively increase soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Biochar could effectively increase the root activity and the total number of apical roots. In short, biochar could improve the physical structure of soil and other physical properties, increase the soil nutrient content, and raise root vigor and the number of root tips. However, the characteristics of biochar effect on different soils, the application amount and the effect degree need further study.

  Screening of Microbe Producing Organic Acid and Its Application in Saline-alkali Soil Improvement 2018, 34 (35):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030055 Abstract + ( 570 )   Saline-alkali soil improvement with microbe is a green and sustainable method, and Congo red is an ideal indicator with low toxicity and sensitive colour-changing ability to pH value. To reduce the soil pH value rapidly and provide essential foundation for the survival of plants, the Congo red was added into the culture medium to screen the strain with both well salt tolerance and high yield of organic acid, and finally the strain named SQ21 was successfully isolated from coastal saline soil, and was identified as Aspergillus niger after analyzing its morphological characters and ITS-rDNA sequence. After applying SQ21 into saline-alkali soil, the results showed that the soil pH value reducing degree was positively related to the dosage of SQ21, and after applying 3.18×1010 cfu spores of SQ21 into 500 g saline-alkali soil, the soil pH value decreased by 2.24 after 50 days. After adding bran, compound fertilizer or sodium nitrate as base fertilizer into 500 g salinealkali soil, and applying 7.96×109 cfu spores of SQ21 into the soil every 2 weeks, the soil pH value of each treatments reduced by 1.12, 0.6 and 1.37 after 56 days. The comparison of the growth of chrysanthemum on saline-alkali soil under different treatments showed that the height and crown diameter of chrysanthemum treated with SQ21 and bran increased the most, and the comprehensive evaluation of the pH value reducing degree and the growth of chrysanthemum indicated that the combination of SQ21 with bran was better than SQ21 with compound fertilizer or sodium nitrate. The research proved that the SQ21 could reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil and promote plant growth.

  Effect of Planting Ages on Soil Salts Content in Facility Cultivation Watermelon Soil 2018, 34 (35):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010002 Abstract + ( 877 )   To analyze the effects of watermelon planting years on changes of soil salts contents in facility cultivation watermelon soil, a field sampling in combination with analytical methods was carried out to measure the content and composition of soluble salts in soils with different facility cultivation planting ages. The results showed that soil pH value of facility cultivation watermelon soil significantly decreased compared with upland soil (P <0.05), while soil available nitrogen (AN), available phosphate (AP), available potassium (AK), andEC significantly increased (P <0.05). SoilEC was significantly increased with the increase of planting ages (R 2= 0.90，P <0.01). Ca2+ and Mg2+ were the major soluble salt cation, and SO42- and NO3- were the major soluble salt negative ions in facility cultivation watermelon soil. The content of soil total soluble salt were significantly increased with the increase of planting ages (R 2=0.93，P <0.01). The Ca2+, K+, NO3- and Cl- accounted for about 31.3%, 10.1%, 23.6% and 15.0% of the increased total soluble salt in soil. Correlation analysis indicated that soil available phosphate (P), available potassium (K) were important factor affecting the content of Na+ 、K+ 、SO42- and Mg2+. Soil electrical conductivity (EC ) could represent the level of soil secondary salinization.

  Optimization of Atrazine Degradation Bacteria by Spray Drying 2018, 34 (35):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060002 Abstract + ( 750 )   To solve the problem of serious pollution caused by pesticide residues in soil, the research and development and application of microbial agents have become the current research hotspots, and the microbial remediation of soil has the advantages of no pollution and good effect. [Method]The highly efficient degradation strain HBT4 of this experiment was selected from the soil seriously contaminated by atrazine in the early stage, and was purified and propagated. The appropriate protective agent was selected to prepare a solid powdered fungicide by spray drying and the process conditions were performed.By using the orthogonal test method to optimize the process conditions.[Result] The optimum conditions for the exploration were as follows: Peristaltic pump speed 15%, hot air flow rate 35L.h-1, ratio of protective agent to sludge (V:V) was 3:1 and inlet temperature was 170℃. The water content of the product obtained under the optimum process conditions was 4.42%, the number of viable cells was 1.45×109 cfu/mL, and the viability of the cells was 82.6%. [Conclusion] The degradation agent of HBT4 obtained by the spray drying method under the optimum process conditions has a good degradation effect on atrazine, which will provide a good bacterial species resource for the development of the microbial degradation microbial agent of the herbicide in the future.

  The Mixture of Halosulfuron-methyl with Nicosulfuron: the Effect and Safety of Weed Control in Maize Fields 黄义召,谢娜,赵孔平,王豪 and 王金信 2018, 34 (35):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090017 Abstract + ( 1193 )   To determine the weed control effect and safety of the mixture of halosulfuron- methyl with nicosulfuron in maize fields, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the weed control spectrum of single herbicide, the joint effect type and the selectivity index of the mixture. The results showed that: the mixture of halosulfuron-methyl (15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25 g a.i./hm2) with nicosulfuron (45, 52.5 g a.i./hm2) could effectively control Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Acalypha australis, Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalis in maize field and the overall fresh weight control effect was over 95%, especially the effect on Cyperus rotundus (more than 97%). The result of safety experiments showed that: the mixture was safe to maize and could increase yield by 10% compared with the blank control treatment. This study shows that the mixture of halosulfuron-methyl with nicosulfuron can effectively control some common weeds in maize field such as Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Acalypha australis, Abutilon theophrasti, Digitaria sanguinalis, especially Cyperus rotundus and is safe to maize.

  Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate induced maize defense responses on the biological characteristics of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) 2018, 34 (35):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060072 Abstract + ( 546 )   [Objective] [Method] In order to clarify exogenous methyl jasmonate-induced resistance of maize on the biological characteristics of corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), the pest’s larvae growth and development and adult reproduction were observed after feeding on maize treated with 4 different concentrations of exogenous MeJA. The effect of the MeJA on the second generation of the experimental populations was also studied using the life table method. [Result] The results showed that mortality rate of larvae was increased, the development duration of larvae was extended, adult longevity and total fecundity number were decreased obviously, the larvae weight and pupa weight were all shortened than the controls except for 100 μmol/L MeJA pupa weight after feeding on maize treated with MeJA. The effects described above are closely associated with the concentrations of MeJA, 225 μM/L MeJA treatment has the most impact on the development of corn borer, duration of larvae extend 5.41 d and fecundity of the female reduced 3.6 and adult life reduced 1.33 d compared to the control. methyl jasmonate -induced resistance of maize affects on corn borer larvae feeding significantly, larvae weight of 100μmol/L and 225 μmol/L MeJA treatment reduced 3.29?6.86 mg compared to the control which reach significant difference, growth inhibition rate reach 28.34~59.09%. The net reproduction rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) in first filial generation were markedly decreased, the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) dropped from 0. 37 to 0.17-0.29, the mean generation time (T) and the population doubling time (Dt) ware prolonged compared to the control. [Conclusion] The study showed MeJA treatment could decrease the development rate of the Asian corn borer which is significant to the control of the pest.

  Active Components of Anti Plant Pathogenic Fungi from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. 2018, 34 (35):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090027 Abstract + ( 529 )   To evaluate the application perspective of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. on defense of agricultural disease, methods including inhibition of mycelia growth and chemical constituents pre-test were adopted to study its anti pathogenic fungi active components. Three fractions including PE (petroleum ether extract), AE (acetic ether extract) and WE (water extract) afforded according to methods of methanol extraction, water suspension and distribution between water and different organic solvents. Concentrations of test samples were prepared as 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL, individually. Results show that the PE part exhibits potent inhibitory activities against growth of two plant pathogenic fungi, namely Alternaria solani (ACCC 36023) and Fusarium gramineum (ACCC 36249), with inhibitory rates of 71%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The AE part also shows inhibitory activities against Alternaria solani (ACCC 36023) and Fusarium gramineum (ACCC 36249), with inhibitory rates of 58% and 69%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Accompanied with thin-layer chromatography chemical pre-test, the main antifungal components of PE were postulated to be volatile oils and terpenes, and the AE part mainly contains flavonoids. This study exhibits the PE and AE parts of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. contain abundant anti pathogenic active constituents including terpenes and flavonoids, which indicating great value to exploit Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. as a potential botanical fungicide.

  Analysis of Transicriptomes and Differential Expression in Bothriochloa ischaemum 2018, 34 (35):  111-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060105 Abstract + ( 682 )   In order to obtain the transcriptome database and differentially expressed genes of Bothriochloa ischaemum, transcriptome sequencing of the control group and drought stress group was performed with Illumina HiSeq 4000 high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 118580 unigenes were obtained from the assembly analysis. All unigenes were compared with the gene database, and the functional annotations were performed on unigenes, about 50070 unigenes were got. According to the function of GO, unigenes in the transcriptome of B. ischaemum could be roughly divided into three categories: cellular component, molecular function and biological process, with a total of 54 branches. All unigenes were compared with the KOG database; there were 1586 unigenes which were classi fi ed to 25 terms. Using the KEGG database as a reference, unigenes could be mapped to 116 classes depending on the metabolic pathway. Through the differentially expressed analysis, we got 3987 differentially expressed genes, the up-regulated genes accounted for 39.45%, the down-regulated genes accounted for 60.55%. This study provides a valuable genome data source for molecular biology research of B. ischaemum.

  Recognition Ability of Red Edge and Short Wave Infrared Spectrum on Maize and Soybean 2018, 34 (35):  120-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060123 Abstract + ( 671 )   To improve the recognition ability of red edge and short wave infrared spectrum on maize and soybean, and study the influence rule of resolution ratio and spectrum on crop recognition, data of Rapideye in Germany and Landsat-OLI in America were used to carry out the maximum likelihood classification of three crops (maize, soybean and others). The results showed that the overall accuracy (OA) was improved from 73.1% to 80.5% after adding the red edge band to Rapideye imagery. The OA was improved from 72.9% to 75.4% after adding short wave infrared band to Landsat-OLI imagery. Multi-temporal data could effectively improve the OA of medium resolution satellite imagery due to the lack of short wave infrared and red edge bands.

  The Experimental Research on Thermal Insulation Properties of Rape Straw Fiber Concrete 2018, 34 (35):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060038 Abstract + ( 534 )   To solve the problem of agricultural waste rape stalks and develop new wall materials, we treated the rape straws with alkaline and used the proportion of the sand rate and rape straws as the variable to make test pieces with size of 300 mm× 300 mm× 30 mm, then, we tested their thermal conductivity by a steady-state flatpanel thermal conductivity meter from the macroscopic perspective, and scanned the microstructure inside the concrete by a SEM, in order to study the thermal insulation performance of the rape straw fiber reinforced concrete from the microscopic perspective. The results showed that for each test group and control group with different straw contents, the thermal conductivity of concrete with 25% sand ratio was 10% lower than that with 40% sand ratio, generally speaking, the higher the sand rate, the higher the heat conductivity, and the larger the coefficient, the worse the insulation performance. For test group and control group with different sand rates, the thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete specimens with 2.5% straw content was about 30% lower than that with 0% straw content, that is, the greater the straw amount, the smaller the thermal conductivity, and the better the insulation performance.

  ：水利部技术示范项目“新疆牧区饲草高效节水技术集成与示范”(SF-201733)。 2018, 34 (35):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080089 Abstract + ( 697 )   The paper aims to promote and demonstrate the shallow subsurface drip irrigation of alfalfa, and optimize its scheme for alfalfa production with superior quality and high yield. We established a mathematical model, simulated the infiltration characteristics under different buried depths and separation distances of underground drip irrigation in field by using the HYDRUS-2D model, and conducted the field experiment for verification and comparative analysis of the simulation results. The results showed that: the numerical simulation with HYDRUS- 2D was reliable, and it was a suitable method to simulate the soil moisture movement in alfalfa field; higher yield was obtained with buried depth of 5 cm and 20 cm, and separation distance of 60 cm. As the yield is similar between the buried depth of 5 cm and 20 cm, and subsurface drip irrigation is easy to be conducted with the depth of 5 cm, it is suggested that the layout of buried depth of 5 cm and separation distance of 60 cm should be taken in this area.

  Effects of Routine Aquaculture Management on Elimination Rule of Fenvalerate and Its Cis-trans Isomers 2018, 34 (35):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060066 Abstract + ( 581 )   Fenvalerate (FV), as a highly toxic pesticide for aquatic organisms, will endanger the safety of cultured organisms in the aquaculture environment. In this study, sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite were selected as added drugs, and the effects of added drugs on the elimination rule of FV in aquaculture routine management activities were explored. The detection results of the gas chromatograph were used to analyze the elimination rule of FV under the condition of different addition levels of the two drugs. The results showed that the addition of 30 mg/L sodium percarbonate and 40 mg/L sodium hypochlorite had a significant effect on the elimination of FV and its cis-trans isomers (trans isomer FV1 and cis-isomer FV2), and the half-life of FV elimination ranged from 2.87 to 10.85 d, the FV1 were 2.88 d ~ 12.55 d, the FV2 were 2.83 d ~ 9.56 d. Through the mean distribution of the corresponding indicators and correlation analysis, it was found that the elimination of FV is related to the impact of high concentrations of sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite on the pH of the water. Sodium percarbonate mainly eliminates the residual FV in water by increasing the pH of the water and its own oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite is mainly used to hydrolyze FV in aquaculture water by increasing the pH of the water. In actual production, high concentrations of sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite can be used to eliminate residues of FV in the aquaculture water, but the appropriate level of addition should be determined according to the culture object and the environmental conditions of the water body. In terms of the elimination of FV, the addition of the two types of drugs did not bring about a significant difference in the elimination of the cis-trans isomers of FV, and the factors influencing the elimination of the cis-trans isomers of FV remained to be further clarified. This study clarified the promotion of routine management activities of aquaculture on the elimination of FV and provided theoretical guidance for the safe use and elimination of FV in aquaculture environment.

  Content and Service Design Direction of Fishery Statistics 2018, 34 (35):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100017 Abstract + ( 724 )   Fisheries statistics provide information to fishermen production, producers and the public, which help government make strategies of economic and social development. This paper discusses the content, classification, characteristics and future service design of fishery statistics. Fisheries statistics cover the fishery industry production, processing, circulation, market and so on. Fisheries statistics reflect the economic situation of fisheries and fishermen living conditions comprehensively. At the same time, the importance of Fisheries statistics needs to rely on the development and utilization of statistical data. The future direction of analytical services includes both academic research and government decision-making.

  The Dominant Formats of Rural Tourism in Beijing Suburb 2018, 34 (35):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090020 Abstract + ( 464 )   Analysis of the Dominant Types of Rural Tourism in Beijing Suburbs Fu Hua (Institute of tourism planning and design, Capital Normal University；College of resources, environment and tourism, Capital Normal University) Abstract: The natural conditions in Beijing suburbs are diverse, and the development of rural tourism has its own characteristics. Rural tourism is one of the important means to promote the economic status of local residents and create job opportunities.It is of great significance to study the connotation and characteristics of rural tourism in order to realize the sustainable development of the tourism in Beijing suburb. According to the "standard and evaluation of rural tourism characteristic format" issued by Beijing Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau (2009), the development of village tourism in Beijing includes 8 types of formats. The variance method in mathematical statistics is an analytic method to reflect the degree of discrete data in samples, in this paper, the minimum variance method is used to study the types of tourist formats in Beijing suburbs. Taking 140 administrative villages for tourism expert diagnostic training as the object, using the minimum variance method and spatial analysis method, This paper studies leading types of rural tourism industry in Beijing basing on a comprehensive analysis of the village types. First of all, according to the survey data, the characteristics of each village is summed up respectively, and then we can find the actual percentage of characteristic format. In order to define the dominant type of village characteristic format, the corresponding matrix should be established according to the theoretical distribution proportion of characteristic format, so as to build a reference system of judgment. As there are 8 types of rural tourism in the suburbs of Beijing, there are 8 types of structural forms. Using the variance formula, the proportion of village industrial structure characteristic theory is set to M, the actual percentage as Xn, calculate the square and the difference between the two. Eight S?2 values can be got for each village. When the S?2 value is close to 0, it shows that the village characteristic format structure is closest to some theoretical proportion. Therefore, the minimum value of S2 determines the type of village characteristics of formats. The calculation results and the village tourism development status analysis can draw the main types and characteristics of the industry. The results show that the format of rural tourism in Beijing suburbs is mostly a combination structure, with picking, hedgerow and leisure farming as the main, followed by leisure farms and landscape families, and showing a clear geographical distribution. The structure and its distribution are influenced by geographical location, natural conditions and industrial investment and other factors. Water element is an important symbol of rural tourism in the suburbs of Beijing. As a historical and cultural city and the suburbs of the capital, the rural tourism in Beijing suburbs has diversified characteristics. In recent years, new modes of operation should be brought into the scope of new formats. Key words: minimum variance method; Beijing suburbs tourism; characteristic type; distribution