Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.1 Published:05 January 2020

  Foliar Fertilizers Mitigate Cadmium Accumulation in Rice: A Review Deng Sihan, Long Jiumei, Chen Congying, Zhou Yimin, Li Yongjie, Lei Ming 2020, 36 (1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080003 Abstract + ( 776 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1069KB )   ( 192 ) To study the mitigation mechanism of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice by different foliar fertilizers, and provide evidences for resolving heavy metals pollution in agricultural field and food safety problem, the authors concluded the adverse effects of Cd on rice growth, rice leaves and the characteristics of foliar fertilizers including rice plant uptake nutrients through leaves, species and characters of foliar fertilizers, and the mitigating mechanisms of Cd accumulation in rice by foliar fertilizers. The authors also pointed out the effect factors that foliar fertilizers mitigating cadmium accumulation in rice, such as climate, temperature, utilization rate, spray times and concentrations. At last, the prospects were put forward, including combining with other mitigating ways, studying the other species of foliar fertilizer, keeping on the basic research of foliar fertilizer theory, strengthening the unified management and normative manipulation techniques.

  Nanocarbon-based Fertilization Reduction Mode: The Effect on Rice Yield and Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Cold Region Huai Baodong, Sui Wenzhi, Tian Yanhong, Xu Fei, Li Peiran, Sui Xin, Yan Fengchao, Li Peishan 2020, 36 (1):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700418 Abstract + ( 448 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 86 ) To solve the problems of fertilizer supply shortage and low yield of rice in northern cold region caused by reduced fertilizer supply, we selected nanocrystalline carbon synergist as material, used rapid instrument detection and plant routine determination methods, to study the effects of nano-carbon added conventional fertilization mode and reduced fertilizer supply mode on yield characteristics of rice and fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization mode (CK), the nano-carbon added conventional fertilization mode (SM-A), nitrogen fertilizer application of 10% reducing mode (SM-B) and nitrogen fertilizer application of 20% reducing mode (SM-C) had significant influence on rice plant morphological characteristics, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield characteristics and fertilizer use efficiency. Among them, SM-B had the greatest increase effect, followed by SM-A and the then SM-C. And for the aspect of economy benefit, the increased value of SM-A, SM-B and SM-C was 563.56, 1374.20 and -1391.08 yuan/hm 2, respectively, SM-B got the largest economic benefit increase. This study indicates that SM-B can improve the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of rice during growth period, increase plant production and fertilizer use efficiency, it is an ideal and safe mode for reducing fertilization of rice in cold region.

  Germinability of Spring Wheat Seeds Changes Along with Storage Years in Common Storage Condition Chen Xiaolong, Li Qianrong, Tao Yuan, Zhang Zhensuo, He Lianxiang, Zong Ze 2020, 36 (1):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080053 Abstract + ( 660 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 90 ) The purpose is to analyze the germinability change of spring wheat seeds in common storage condition, then provide a practical basis for the long time storage of spring wheat seeds. 15 accessions of spring wheat were used as materials, germination potential and germination percentage in 2009-2017 were determined, and the changes of germination potential and germination percentage of spring wheat seeds with storage years were analyzed. The results showed that the germination potential and germination percentage decreased with the increase of storage years in common storage condition. The annual descending rate of germination potential was faster than that of germination percentage. The change of germination potential and germination percentage were different among varieties along with storage years. The same wheat variety was affected by the interaction effect between varieties and harvesting environment, and the changes of the germination potential and germination percentage with storage years were different in different environments of planting and harvesting. Therefore, when testing the germinability of stored wheat seeds, we should determine the seed batch one by one according to the storage years, varieties and different sources of the same variety, they cannot be substituted randomly.

  Influence Factors of Machine Harvest Maize Grains and the Cultivation Regulation: Research Progress Cao Yajuan, Sha Sha, He Wenjing, Han Shuang, Luo Hongbing, Chen Pingping, Yi Zhenxie 2020, 36 (1):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080015 Abstract + ( 440 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 961KB )   ( 91 ) The whole-process mechanization is of great significance to the development of maize production. Harvest by machine is a crucial part of the whole-process mechanization of maize production, as well as the difficult point. The authors introduced the development status of maize mechanization at home and abroad, and analyzed the effects of the grain moisture content, bract leaf characters, stem characters and ear axis characters on machine harvest of maize. The cultivation regulation measures for machine harvest of maize was summarized, such as line spacing, sowing date, harvest time, nitrogen rate and density. Meanwhile, the authors put forward some suggestions on the research and development of machine harvest of maize in the perspectives of screening suitable varieties for machine harvest, researching and developing harvest machinery, and exploring supporting cultivation techniques.

  Low Temperature Stress: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Germination Ability of Common Bean Seeds During Imbibition Li Jiayin, Feng Guojun, Liu Dajun, Liu Chang, Yang Xiaoxu, Fan Youjun, Yan Zhishan 2020, 36 (1):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700424 Abstract + ( 596 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 126 ) To discuss the physiological characteristics and germination ability of common bean seeds during imbibition under low temperature stress, taking seeds of 12 common bean varieties as test materials, we determined the effects of low temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and germination ability of common bean seeds during imbibition by setting 2 treatments with the normal temperature control (CK) and the low temperature (LT) at 4℃. The results showed that: compared with CK, the germination rate of 12 common bean varieties of LT decreased, and the root activity was different among the varieties; the SOD activity was mostly reduced, the CAT activity decreased, the POD activity increased significantly in 4 varieties, and MDA and the soluble protein content varied in different varieties, but there was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble protein content. There are big differences in the response patterns of different common bean seeds to imbibition at low temperature, analyzing the physiological and biochemical changes of high-resistant and sensitive common bean seeds in response to imbibition at low temperature can provide a basis for further screening the varieties resistant to imbibition at low temperature.

  BvM14-STPK Protein Kinase Interaction Protein in Beta vulgaris: Identification and Screening Lv Jiabao, Yu Mengdi, Li Haiying 2020, 36 (1):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600323 Abstract + ( 444 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1456KB )   ( 87 ) To further explore the signal pathway of BvM14-STPK protein kinase in response to salt stress in sugar beet, the interaction proteins of BvM14-STPK protein kinase were identified and screened in this study. Transgenic tobacco was obtained by transgenic technology, and the protein complex was identified by affinity purification tandem mass spectrometry (TAP/MS). The candidate interaction proteins of BvM14-STPK protein kinase were obtained by searching the tobacco protein database, and the RNA-sequencing data of sugar beet M14 was used to analyze the transcription level of the genes which encoded the candidate interaction proteins under salt stress. The results showed that, three BvM14-STPK protein candidate interaction proteins were obtained under non-salt treatment, and six candidate interaction proteins were obtained under salt treatment in the tobacco database. The transcriptome data analysis under salt stress showed that four interaction protein-coding genes responded to salt stress at different tissues and different salt concentrations. It is a positive foundation for further verification of the interaction between BvM14-STPK protein kinase and its candidate interaction proteins in plants and the salt resistance mechanism of sugar beet.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of BvM14-STPK Gene of Sugar Beet M14 Line and Expression Analysis of Its Response to Salt Stress Zhao Dongmei, Zhang Yongxue, Li Haiying 2020, 36 (1):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700382 Abstract + ( 365 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 5777KB )   ( 120 ) We aim to study the BvM14-STPK protein kinase in response to salt stress. Sugar beet M14 line was used as material, the full length cDNA of BvM14-STPK gene was amplified by RT-PCR with specific primers. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the full-length cDNA sequence and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was carried out to determine the expression patterns of BvM14-STPK in the sugar beet M14 line in response to salt stress. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length of BvM14-STPK had 1668 bp with a 1527 bp ORF, and encoded 508 amino acids. The BvM14-STPK contained a typical protein kinase conserved domain. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the BvM14-STPK gene was expressed in the leaves and roots, and the expression in leaves were higher than that of root. Under the 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl stress, the gene showed different expression patterns in leaves and roots, indicating that the gene could answer salt stress, but the expressed quantity was different in different organs under salt stresses. This study is significant to improving quality genes of sugar beet M14 line and enhancing crop salt-stress tolerance, and could lay a foundation for further studying genetic engineering of sugar beet.

  Genetic Distance of Soybean Parents and Heterosis: Correlation Study Wu Qian, Li Zhi, Yu Wei, Li Jiekun, Hu Guoyu, Wang Dagang, Huang Zhiping 2020, 36 (1):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700385 Abstract + ( 508 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 190 ) The prediction of heterosis could improve the breeding efficiency. We selected 10 materials from different regions at home and abroad, and matched 45 hybrid combinations according to the incomplete diallel cross model (NCⅡ), and predicted the heterosis of soybean parents by the genetic distance of SSR molecular markers. The results showed that: 417 polymorphic alleles were detected in 10 parents; the variation range of polymorphic loci was 2-5, the genetic similarity coefficient (GS) varied from 0.520 to 0.695, and the average GS was 0.5996; 10 test materials could be divided into two categories, the heterosis value of F1 was from 3.4% to 42.1%, indicating that all the traits of F1 had positive heterosis in different degrees; the correlation between the heterosis value and genetic distance was 0.461, reaching a significant level; the correlation between the other 8 agronomic and quality traits and the genetic distance was positive, but the correlation coefficient was not significant. The results of heterosis prediction of 10 soybean parents by using 174 SSR molecular markers are not obvious, and the methods of soybean heterosis prediction by molecular markers need to be further explored.

  Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Main Vegetables in South China Wang Xianjie, Liang Jiawei, Liao Xinrong, Wang Rongping, Liang Xiongcai, Li Shuyi 2020, 36 (1):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080077 Abstract + ( 632 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1143KB )   ( 130 ) To explore the efficient vegetable production in South China, data from field experiments in vegetable producing areas were collected to analyze the effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and nutrient absorption by vegetables under the experimental conditions. In addition, these data were also used for evaluating partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (ARE), physiological efficiency (PE), fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and soil contribution rate (SCR) of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The results showed that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to vegetables (leaf, gourd and leguminous vegetables) had positive effects on vegetable yield and adsorption of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. For leaf, gourd, and leguminous vegetables, the average PFPP was 781.9, 257.6 and 211.9 kg/kg, respectively; AEP was 30.5, 64.1 and 23.1 kg/kg, respectively; AREP was 17.2%, 9.7% and 6.1%, respectively; PEP was 222.3, 370.6 and 292.7 kg/kg, respectively; FCR was 16.4%, 19.4% and 12.9%, respectively; SCR was 83.6%, 80.4% and 87.1%, respectively; PFPK was 298.8, 164.3 and 165.8 kg/kg, respectively; AEK was 29.5, 39.5 and 25.8 kg/kg, respectively; AREK was 24.8%, 24.3% and 13.0%, respectively; PEK was 152.3, 218.6 and 229.1 kg/kg; FCR was 13.8%, 21.6% and 17.4%, respectively; and SCR was 86.2%, 78.3% and 82.6%, respectively. Fertilizer use efficiency distribution show that over 80% of the vegetable has an AREP smaller than 20% and an AREK smaller than 30%, suggesting that under current conditions, the fertilizer use efficiency of various vegetables is low. In vegetable production, high yield should be based on high fertilizer use efficiency.

  Effects of Light Quality on the Growth and Physiological Resistance of Tomato Seedlings Under Low-Phosphate Stress Liang Ying, Shi Yu, Jin Xiu, Zhang Siyu, Hou Leiping, Zhang Yi 2020, 36 (1):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700365 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 70 ) To explore the effects of different light quality on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings under low phosphorus stress, we used ‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material and set up six combination treatments with two light quality (white and blue-violet light) and three P levels (0.66, 0.44 and 0.22 mmol/L NaH2PO4) under hydroponic cultivation. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment, the leaf chlorophyll contents, leaf relative water content and biomass were significantly reduced under low phosphorus condition, while the total root length, the MDA level, SOD, peroxisome, CAT activity, and the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline increased significantly. At the same time, compared with white light treatment, blue violet treatment could obviously increase the chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, total root length, total surface area, average diameter of tomato seedlings, thus to improve the accumulation of biomass. In summary, blue-violet treatment can enhance the adaptability of tomato plants to low phosphorus stress.

  Sombrasol Treatment: Effects on Greenhouse Environment and Growth, Fruiting and Basal Stem Rot of Autumn Tomato Wang Guangyin, Chen Bihua, Guo Weili, Liu Suping 2020, 36 (1):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700457 Abstract + ( 395 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 85 ) The paper aims to verify the application effect of sombrasol on greenhouse environment and the growth, fruiting and basal stem rot of autumn tomato by field experiments. The results showed that: under sunny and cloudy conditions, the greenhouse film with sombrasol treatment could reduce the ground temperature, air temperature and light intensity and improve the relative air humidity, and provide a good environmental condition for the growth of autumn tomato; compared with the control treatment, sombrasol treatment improved the growth rate of autumn tomato plants, increased the fruit setting rate of the first inflorescence by 18.51% and the yield of the first layer fruits by 82.66%, and reduced the incidence of basal stem rot by 15.28%. In conclusion, sombrasol can be applied to autumn tomato production in greenhouse.

  3 Cultivars of Wax Apple Seedlings: Determination of Cold and Freezing Injury Grade Indexes Chen Huiling, Chen Hui, Yang Kai, Lin Jing, Ma Zhiguo 2020, 36 (1):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700452 Abstract + ( 880 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 73 ) The paper aims to establish the cold and freezing injury grade indexes for different cultivars of wax apple seedlings to reduce the loss caused by cold and freezing. Based on large-scale disaster sample data of wax apple seedlings, we determined the cold and freezing injury grade by comparing with the morphological standard, and established the cold and freezing injury grade index combined with mathematical statistics and comparison method. The results showed that: the cold and freezing injury grades of ‘Big Leaf’ were determined as: Tm>4.5℃, no cold and freezing injury; 1.5℃<Tm≤4.5℃, light injury; -1.0℃<Tm≤1.5℃, moderate injury; -3.0℃<Tm≤-1.0℃, severe injury; Tm≤-3.0℃, extremely severe injury; those of ‘Black Pearl’ were: Tm>5.5℃, no cold and freezing injury; 3.0℃<Tm≤5.5℃, light injury; 0.5℃<Tm≤3.0℃, moderate injury; -2.5℃<Tm≤0.5℃, severe injury; Tm≤-2.5℃, extremely severe injury; and those of ‘Purple’ were: Tm>5.5℃, no cold and freezing injury; 2.0℃<Tm≤5.5℃, light injury; 0℃<Tm≤2.0℃, moderate injury; -1.5℃<Tm≤0℃, severe injury; Tm≤-1.5℃, extremely severe injury. In conclusion, the cold and freezing injury grade indexes are of practical significance by artificial climate chamber experiment, geographical transplantation, and historical disaster sample verification.

  China Flower Garden in Suzhou: Temperature and Humidity Effects and the Impact on Human Comfort Index Tian Ting, Jiang Huawei, Jing Jing, Zhang Qing 2020, 36 (1):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080069 Abstract + ( 494 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 58 ) This paper discusses the temperature and humidity effect of different plant communities in urban landscape park of Suzhou and their impact on human comfort index, aiming to provide reference for the layout of the green space system and the planting planning. Six kinds of sample land including the external road and the internal road, camphor forest, gardenia garden, pagoda tree forest, complex forest of China Flower Garden in Suzhou were selected to study the change of temperature and humidity of different land and the effect on human comfort index. Results showed that, take the asphalt road outside the park as the control, in the aspect of cooling intensity, the temperature decrease of different sample land in the park was from 0 to 4.2℃, in an order of arbor-grass> arbor-bush-grass> bush-grass> the asphalt road inside the park; in the aspect of humidification intensity, humidity increase was from 0 to 11.7%, the humidification effect of camphor forest, pagoda tree forest, complex forest were obvious during the day. In different seasons, compared with the asphalt road outside the park, all kinds of sample land in the park had the effect of alleviating temperature and increasing humidity, which could improve human comfort index, making the park an excellent place for outdoor activities. In future plant selection and configuration, arbor can be considered as the main plant and the single or mixed structure can be selected for reasonably construct greening square under the trees to maximize the improvement of ecological environment and attract more tourists.

  Water Environment Response of Marine Aquaculture Ponds to Typhoon: Characteristics Analysis Yang Dong, Ding Yeyi, Huang Helou, Zhu Jiamin, Shen Zibin 2020, 36 (1):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070116 Abstract + ( 396 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 76 ) To explore the variation characteristics and key impact factors of water environment of marine aquaculture ponds during typhoon, based on the observation data of water environmental factors from 5 representative marine aquaculture ponds in Ningbo, including water temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (S) and pH, we selected the heavy precipitation and non-heavy precipitation typhoons which had great influence on Ningbo from 2013 to 2017, and carried out the harmonic analysis and mathematical statistics. The results showed that: (1) the second order harmonics could reflect the variation of T, pH and DO in the aquaculture pond water, and the third order harmonics could well simulate the change of S; (2) during the critical period of typhoon impact, the proportion of short and medium-period harmonics in water environmental factors increased, and the proportion of short-period harmonics in heavy precipitation typhoon was higher than that in non-heavy precipitation typhoon; (3) on the basis of correlation analysis, by comparing the harmonic components and changes of water environment and meteorological elements, it could be concluded that the changes of T and DO were mainly affected by temperature, and heavy precipitation had significant effects on S and pH. The harmonic method can better simulate the variation characteristics of water environment factors in aquaculture ponds during typhoon, and provide a new idea for the screening of key meteorological factors of water environment.

  Thickness and Soil Nutrients of Typical Cultivated Land in Jinzhong Basin: Spatial Variation Qiao Lei, Huang Mingjing, Zhang Wuping, Wang Guofang, Ren Jian 2020, 36 (1):  89-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800577 Abstract + ( 461 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1740KB )   ( 145 ) The paper aims to explore the spatial pattern and spatial variation rule of thickness and soil nutrients of the cultivated land in dry farming region. Taking typical cultivated land in Jinzhong basin as the research object, we analyzed the spatial variation of thickness of cultivated layer (TCL) and soil nutrients by geostatistics method, with soil organic matter (SOM), pH value, available phosphorus (AP) and slow-effect potassium (SK) as the soil nutrients indexes. The results showed that: (1) the spatial autocorrelation of each index decreased with the increase of distance; (2) the optimum semivariance model of AP was Gaussian model, and the optimum semivariance model of other indexes was exponential model; the ratio of Nugget to Sill of each index was: SOM>AP>pH>TCL>SK; (3) the spatial pattern of TCL and AP had the tendency of higher in northwest and lower in southeast, SK had the spatial pattern of higher in northeast and lower in southwest, SOM had the spatial pattern of higher in southwest and lower in northeast, the pH value was high in the whole study area except Beiguang. In conclusion, geostatistical method can describe the spatial pattern and variation characteristics of soil properties well; in the spatial variation process of soil properties, the randomness and structure coexist, and the randomness is less than 50%.

  Fungi Residue Returning: Effects on Soil Physicochemical Characters, Microorganisms and Enzyme Activity in Vegetable Field Hu Liujie, Li Yan, Tian Shibing, Wei Jingyi, Liao Dunxiu, Feng Muye, Zhang Hui, Zou Min, Hang Xiaoning 2020, 36 (1):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080068 Abstract + ( 489 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 141 ) The paper aims to study the effect of fungi residue returning on soil quality improvement and clarify its mechanism, thus to provide a basis for the popularization and utilization of fungi residue returning in agricultural production. In this study, the fungi residue returning was carried out after the harvest of Agaricus bisporus, and we designed 4 treatments with the returning amount 0 (control), TMR (1/3 returning), SMR (a half returning), AMR (all returning), and determined the changes of soil physicochemical characters, microorganisms and enzyme activity after fungi residue returning and 2 seasons of eggplant planting. The results showed that: the effect of fungi residue returning on soil indexes was obvious; (1) fungi residue returning could improve the soil bulk density and soil pH value and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle; (2) compared with the control, fungi residue returning could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and reduce the content of soil ammonium nitrogen; (3) fungi residue returning could increase the scale of soil microbial community and soil enzyme activity, which was beneficial to the improvement of soil quality and the enhancement of soil potential inhibition ability to diseases.

  The K Value of Soil Erosion in the Jianghuai Hilly Area: A Case of Feidong County Guan Fei, Ye Mingliang, Ma Youhua 2020, 36 (1):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080039 Abstract + ( 421 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 63 ) Soil erosion, a severe environmental problem, is serious in the Jianghuai hilly area. Taking Feidong County as an example, and based on the second soil general survey data, we used the three-stage Hermite interpolation method to transform the soil texture particle size and conduct the calculation with the geometric mean particle size correction model, and adopted the mathematical statistics method, SPSS correlation analysis and ArcGIS software statistical analysis to study soil texture factors and erodibility K values. The results showed that: (1) the variation coefficient of soil texture components in paddy soil and yellow cinnamon soil was significantly different, and the variation coefficient of yellow brown soil was lower; (2) the factors of paddy soil and yellow clay soil mainly functioned through CLA and Dg, and they all had negative effects on soil erodibility; (3) soil erodibility K average value was 0.02797 in Feidong County, that of paddy soil was 0.0279, that of yellow cinnamon soil was 0.0281, and that of yellow brown soil was 0.0263; (4) among different soil textures, K value of the silt loam was the largest, and that of the sandy loam soil was the smallest, and the soil texture K value was weakly variable; (5) the soil erodibility of Feidong County was mainly moderately corrosive and highly corrosive. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value in Feidong County show a trend of decrease-increase-decrease from north to south, and a gradual increase from east to west, and there is a great risk of soil erosion.

  Fire Disturbance: Effects on Soil Organic Carbon of Taiga Forests in Kanas Wang Weixia, Du Jie, Liu Xiaoju, Liu Jing, Yang Yuping, Cui Qian 2020, 36 (1):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080019 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 266 ) The aim is to study the effects of fire disturbance on the content of organic carbon and carbon storage of soil in Taiga forest. In this study, soil organic carbon contents in different soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-25 cm) under different fire disturbance intensities in the same fire time of Taiga forest were calculated, and the soil carbon storage was evaluated. The significance of difference was analyzed by the unary variance and LSD multiple. The results showed that the organic carbon and carbon storage in the upper layer (0-10 cm) soil were all greater than those in the lower layer (10-25 cm) soil under the same fire disturbance intensity. The carbon storage in the upper layer (0-10 cm) soil showed: unburned > slight fire > moderate fire > severe fire and that in the lower layer (10-25 cm) soil showed: slight fire > moderate fire > unburned > severe fire. The loss of soil organic carbon content and carbon storage in 0-10 cm soil layer and the organic carbon content in 10-25 cm soil layer increase with the increase of fire disturbance intensity. Carbon storage in the 10-25 cm layer increases after slight and moderate fire disturbance.

  Weather Forecasting Model of Pomegranate Fruit Cracking: Based on Logistic Regression Method Hu Yuanchun, Tai Qingguo, Cui Chen, Li Quanjing, Cui Yunpeng, An Guangchi 2020, 36 (1):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700466 Abstract + ( 509 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 151 ) The paper aims to find out the main meteorological factors affecting pomegranate fruit cracking, and improve the quality of special meteorological service products. Taking the Zaozhuang pomegranate orchard as subject, we analyzed the meteorological data of Yicheng National General Meteorological Station located in the main pomegranate production area of Zaozhuang, and established the correlation prediction models between meteorological factors, such as precipitation, temperature and sunshine, and pomegranate fruit cracking by Logistic regression. The results showed that: apart from the negative correlation between the total precipitation in late August to September and the probability of fruit cracking, the other factors were positively correlated with the probability of fruit cracking; the factors which had greater effect on fruit cracking were in an order of the precipitation in the longest continuous precipitation period in September, the longest continuous precipitation days in September, the sunshine duration in September, and the longest continuous no precipitation days in September, while the other factors had relatively small effect. The prediction accuracy of pomegranate fruit cracking in late summer and early autumn by the established models is 97.4%, showing an ideal prediction effect.

  Rapeseed Variety in Southwest China: Clubroot Resistance and Planting Layout Huang Xiaoqin, Zhang Lei, Yang Xiaoxiang, Wu Wenxian, Zhou Xiquan, Liu Yong 2020, 36 (1):  122-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800529 Abstract + ( 472 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 110 ) The paper aims to determine the clubroot resistance of rapeseed varieties in southwest China, so as to provide references for reasonable variety planting layout and to reduce the damage and losses caused by clubroot. Combined with identification of physiological races of Plasmodiophora brassicae, we evaluated 80 rapeseed varieties’ resistance to clubroot in Anxian, Dayi and Guanghan of Sichuan by the method of natural morbidity investigation in the nursery, and monitored 22 varieties of rapeseed 3 consecutive years. The results showed that: the Plasmodiophora brassicae from disease nursery belonged to pathotype 4 with genetic differentiation; no rapeseed variety was immune to clubroot and the susceptible rapeseed variety accounted for 88.75%, 83.75% and 87.50%, respectively, in Anxian, Dayi and Guanghan, among them, there were 55 susceptible rapeseed varieties in the 3 disease nurseries, namely, these rapeseed varieties were not suitable for planting in the physiological race area of pathotype 4. Resistance tracking evaluation showed that the resistance stability of the varieties varied. In conclusion, ‘Zheyou 50’ and ‘You guanguan’ are suitable for planting in Anxian, ‘Huang jinjia’, ‘Jin you 858’, ‘You yan 9’, ‘Zhong duyou 998’ and ‘Yu huangyou 4’ are suitable for planting in Dayi, ‘Zhi yuanyou 8’ is suitable for planting in Guanghan; ‘Mian fengyou 5’ and ‘De mingyou 1’ show a tendency of losing resistance, the resistance of ‘Feng youjing’ and ‘Gao you 48’ is unstable and the resistance of ‘Ai jiazao’ is completely lost.

  Effect of Mixed Artemisia annua and Nicotiana tabacum Vinegar on Fusarium tricinctum Zhang Xiaoyun, Li Weijiao 2020, 36 (1):  131-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600237 Abstract + ( 566 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 121 ) The mixed vinegar was made from straw of Artemisia annua and Nicotiana tabacum, and its effect on the growth of Fusarium tricinctum was studied. Fungi were isolated and purified, and strains were identified using the methods of traditional morphological and molecular. The straw vinegar of A. annua and N .tabacum was prepared by distillation method. Concentration gradient was set to observe the effects of the straw vinegar on the growth of these two fungi. The two strains were both identified as F. tricinctum. The relative correction rate of the growth inhibition rate was approximately 100% at 50% concentration of the vinegar, which achieved the effect of complete inhibition. The study provides technical references for the research and development of the potential utilization value of straw of A. annua and N. tabacum.

  Botanical Active Components Degrades Organophosphorus Pesticides Zhang Tongxin, Li Huidong, Zhang Hongqi 2020, 36 (1):  135-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090014 Abstract + ( 393 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 118 ) To explore the new way of organophosphorus pesticides degradation, according to the weight proportion of 9:4:3:2, Rheum palmatum L., Aralia chinensis L., Hibiscus syriacus Linn., Rhus chinensis Mill. were mixed, then smashed into the powder which was soaked with water for the experiments. Using the GC-MS method and fast testing method for pesticide residues, the degradation effect of organophosphorus was clarified by comparing the concentration dynamics of the pesticides. The results showed that the degradation rates of chlorpyrifos and thiophos in 2 minutes were respectively 93.6% and 92.9%. The degradation rate of dichlorvos in 17 hours was 66.67%, and the rate of chlorpyrifos in 11 hours was 48.69%. The experiments showed that leaching solution of Rheum palmatum L., Aralia chinensis L., Hibiscus syriacus Linn., Rhus chinensis Mill. had significant degradation effect on organophosphorus pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, thiophos and dichlorvos.

  Toxicity Test and Field Efficacy of Four Pesticides to Tetranychus urticae Koch Zhang Xiuxia, Chen Xin, Mao Xiaohong, Li Jiaojiao, Zhang Ansheng 2020, 36 (1):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100055 Abstract + ( 732 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 85 ) The laboratory toxicity of ivermectin and other three pesticides to female adult mites of Tetranychus urticae was determined by slide impregnation method, and the field control efficacy test was carried out. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that the toxicity of these four insecticides against Tetranychus urticae was ranked as follows: ivermectin> fenpropathrin>beta-cyhalothrin>spironoethyl ester, and ivermectin exhibited the highest indoor toxicity to Tetranychus urticae with LC50 value of 0.01 mg/L. The results of field experiment showed that the control effect of 0.5% ivermectin EC at 9 and 18 g/hm 2 dosage were more than 90% at 3, 7 and 10 days after the treatment, and it could be used as the first choice to control female adult mites.

  Function Deployment of Farmers' Cooperatives in Agricultural Standardization System: Multi-case Research Based on Grounded Theory Li Jia, Luo Jianli, Zheng Yangyang 2020, 36 (1):  144-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080024 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 189 ) As an important carrier in the agricultural standardization, farmers' cooperatives play an increasingly vital role in the implementation, promotion and popularization of the agricultural standardization. We integrated farmers' cooperatives into agricultural standardization system to overcome problems in current agricultural standardization system, such as incomplete system, high cost of implementation and supervision. Taking 15 farmer's cooperatives as the example, we generalized the cooperatives' roles and influencing factors from the cases with open coding, axial coding and selecting coding based on grounded theory. From the resource-based view, the results showed that the cooperatives' roles included resource absorption, resource utilization and resource sharing in the agricultural standardization. From the internal and external perspective, the human resource, capital and supporting facilities were the internal factors influencing the participation of cooperatives in the agricultural standardization; the external influencing factors included government support, market conditions and production-study-research cooperation environment. And on this basis, a model of the function deployment of farmers' cooperatives in agricultural standardization system was built.

  Farmers' Participation in Farmland Transfer: Based on the Perspective of Regional Differentiation, Farmers' Concurrent Business Yang Liyong, Yang Yanjun, Li Lan 2020, 36 (1):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800560 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 144 ) To study the influencing factors of farmers' participation in farmland transfer, based on the perspective of regional differentiation and farmers' concurrent business, this paper empirically tested the influence of regional differentiation and farmers' concurrent business on farmers' participation in farmland transfer-out and transfer-in behavior by constructing multinomial Logistic model. The results showed that: (1) the level of regional economic development had a significantly positive effect on farmers' farmland transfer-out and transfer-in behavior which could significantly promote farmers to participate in the transfer-out and transfer-in of farmland; (2) the location nature had a significant impact on farmers' farmland transfer-out behavior, but had no significant effect on farmers' farmland transfer-in behavior; (3) the degree of farmers' concurrent business had a significantly positive effect on farmers' transfer-out behavior, but a significantly negative effect on farmers' transfer-in behavior; (4) the number of household labor force, the area of contracted land and the number of contracted plots had significantly negative, positive and positive effect on farmers' farmland transfer-out behavior, but had no significant effect on farmers' farmland transfer-in behavior. In conclusion, policy formulation for farmland transfer should start from 3 aspects: policy differentiation, concurrent business depth and management scale.

  Family Economic Endowment, Policy Cognition and Farmers' Homestead Transfer Intention: A Study Based on the Survey Data of 456 Households in Jiangxi Liu Yanting, Chen Meiqiu, Kuang Foyuan, Zhang Shuxian, Zhou Dan 2020, 36 (1):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080066 Abstract + ( 493 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 122 ) It is a fundamental and urgent subject to construct a scientific and effective homestead transfer mechanism. Based on the actual survey data of 456 households in Jiangxi Province, the authors used Logit regression model to analyze the impact of family economic endowment and policy cognition on the farmers' homestead circulation intention. The results showed that the proportion of non-agricultural income, household savings and per capita annual income in the family economic endowment had significant positive effects on the rural household land transfer willingness. In the policy cognition, the households' cognition of “one household one house” and the circulation regulation had obviously negative influence on the rural household land circulation intention. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the non-agricultural employment opportunities, improve the working and commercial environment for farmers, speed up the establishment of “one household one house” supporting system, and build a more reasonable and operational policy system for the homestead circulation.