Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.36 Published:26 December 2019

  Rice Yield Under Different Cultivation Patterns 2019, 35 (36):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070080 Abstract + ( 360 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 139 ) The objective is to study the effect of cultivation patterns on rice yield. A field experiment was set up, and three treatments were transplanting rice (TR), broadcast sowing (BS), and sowing in line (SL). The yield and the yield components were detected. The reasons for the differences in rice yield under different cultivation patterns were investigated. The results showed that the yield with TR was higher (10390 kg/hm2) than that of BS (7790.7 kg/hm2) and SL (9105.2 kg/hm2). The harvest index of BS, SL and TR was 56.5, 54.7 and 53.9 respectively. The ground dry matter production with TR was higher than that of BS and SL, and the higher ground dry matter with TR contributed to more panicle number per unit area and more number of spikelets per panicle, especially the latter, which was 39% and 26.9% higher than that of BS and SL, respectively, and it had a significantly positive correlation with rice yield (correlation coefficient 0.795). The benefit-to-cost ratio was the highest with SL (2.52) among the three cultivation patterns. It suggested that the reason for higher yield with TR is the more spikelets per panicle than the direct-seeding methods (BS and SL). However, considering the cost input, the benefit of SL is higher in rice production.

  High Yield and Stability of 10 Wheat Cultivars in Southwest Shandong 2019, 35 (36):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070055 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 179 ) To study the high yield and stability of 10 main wheat varieties in southwest Shandong, the ANOVA, linear regression and AMMI model were used to analyze the data of three test-sites. The results showed that ‘Hemai20’, ‘Jimai22’ and ‘Zhoumai22’ had high yield and better yield stability; ‘Zhoumai18’, ‘Yannong999’and‘Shannong20’were high yield cultivars with general stability;‘Liangxing99’and ‘Shannong28’had excellent stability and average yield;‘Qingnong2’exhibited high stability and low yield, ‘AIkang58’had both low yield and low stability, but had specific regional adaptability in E3.

  The First Spring Saturating Rain in the East of the Yellow River in Gansu: Effect on Wheat Organ Development During the Jointing Period 2019, 35 (36):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070016 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 83 ) To explore the influence of the first saturating rain in spring on the development of wheat organs, we set up the index of the first saturating rain with the daily precipitation data from 1981 to 2012 in Maiji National Standard Whether Station. Based on the data of biomass of organs and daily precipitation, the variation trend characteristics of the first saturating rain index and its influence on the wheat organs were analyzed. The results showed that the first saturating rain index had a decreasing trend from 1981 to 2012 and 31% of the first saturating rain in spring appeared before the jointing period. The time of the first saturating rain had significant influence on the leaf area of individual plant, leaf index, biomass of leaf and biomass of stem. The amount of the first saturating rain had significant influence on the biomass of leaf sheath, stem, individual plant and unit area and spikelet number. It also indicated that the first saturating rain index had significant influence on the leaf area of individual plant, leaf index, biomass of leaf, biomass of leaf sheath, biomass of stem, biomass of individual plant and spikelet number of individual plant.

  Wheat Irrigation and Sowing Time in Shandong: Effects on High Yield and Water Saving 温延臣,李宝国 and 林治安 2019, 35 (36):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070062 Abstract + ( 474 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 134 ) The main factors affecting wheat yield are irrigation water frequency and sowing date in wheat production in northwest Shandong province, but the regional irrigation water resources are scarce. In order to make the limited resources fully increase wheat yield, The experiment was designed and studied on irrigation times and sowing time of wheat. Three sowing periods and five irrigation modes were adopted in the experiment. The results showed that the effect of sowing date on wheat yield and water use efficiency was not significant, and irrigation was the main factor affecting wheat yield. The highest yield of irrigation was 3 times, followed by 2 times of irrigation, and the lowest of 1 time of irrigation, The more water is irrigated, the lower the water use efficiency is. According to the effect of yield and water use efficiency, it is suggested that winter wheat should be irrigated 3 times (dry year) or 2 times (high water year).

  Sowing Date and Planting Density Affect Main Economic Traits and Yield of Winter Oat in Yunnan 尹桂芳,王艳青,卢文洁 and 王莉花 2019, 35 (36):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070109 Abstract + ( 408 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 160 ) To find out the suitable sowing date and planting density for winter oats in Yunnan, 3 oat cultivars of ‘Baiyan No.15’,‘Bayou No.6’and‘Yuanza No.2’with different growth periods were used as experimental materials. The single factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of 3 types of sowing dates and planting densities on the main economic traits and yield of winter oat. The results showed that the main spike spikelet number and the spike wheel layer of‘Baiyan No.15’and‘Bayou No.6’were significantly influenced by the sowing date (P＜0.05) ; however, there was no significant influence on the other economic traits of the 3 cultivars (P＞0.05). The tiller number per plant and the effective tiller number per plant were significantly influenced by the density (P＜0.05) and the influence on other traits was not obvious (P＞0.05). According to the yield result, the optimized treatments are as follows: the suitable sowing date of‘Baiyan No.15’ is on October 29th, with the density of 6.4×105 lants/hm2; the suitable sowing date of‘Bayou No.6’is on October 14th, with the density of 6.4×105 plants/hm2; the suitable sowing date of‘Yuanza No.2’is on October 14th, with the density of 4.8×105 plants/hm2.

  Sowing Dates of Quinoa in Shallow Mountain Areas of Beijing: Disaster-avoiding, High Yield and Landscape Effect 2019, 35 (36):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070120 Abstract + ( 390 )   PDF ( 2739KB )   ( 61 ) The paper aims to explore the adaptability and optimal sowing date of quinoa in the shallow mountain areas of Beijing, we conducted the comparative test with 8 sowing date from late March to middle July by using the variety ‘Longli-1’. The results showed that: the optimal sowing date for ‘Longli-1’ in the shallow mountain area of Beijing was late May; its whole growth period was 104 days, plant height was 153.6 cm, the 1000-grain weight was 3.14 g, and the yield was 1781.25 kg/hm2; the viewing period was 18 days; the ears and stalks of quinoa could all turn red when they were mature; the landscape effect of the whole farmland was fine. Premature varieties with similar breeding days as ‘Longli-1’ could be planted in Yanshou, Changping in late May, demonstration sites could be extended to Changping, Mentougou, Miyun, Huairou, Pinggu and other shallow mountainous areas with the similar elevation (300 m), average annual temperature and average annual accumulated temperature.

  Top Dressing Amounts by Drip Irrigation Under Mulch at Pod-pin Stage: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut 2019, 35 (36):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070122 Abstract + ( 377 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 85 ) To explore the optimum amounts of top dressing for high yield and high efficiency of peanut, under field condition, we took‘Qinghua 7’as material to study the effects of top dressing by drip irrigation under mulch on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut at pod-pin stage. The results showed that: the values of chlorophyll SPAD, the transpiration rate and the stomatal conductance of peanut leaves under different fertilizer application levels were significantly higher than those under non-fertilizer application, increasing with the increase of top dressing amounts at each growth stage, and the effects reached the maximum at T4, but there was no significant difference between T4, T2 and T3; the biological yield increased significantly with the increase of top dressing amounts; the pod yield, fruit number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, and kernel rate all increased significantly at first with the increase of top dressing amounts, reaching the maximum at T2, then decreased with the increase of top dressing amounts. The results showed that top dressing with nitrogen, boron and calcium fertilizer could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of peanut leaves, but the excessive amount of top dressing could result in excessive photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and overgrowth of aerial parts, which affected the formation and growth of peanut pods, and caused a decline in yield. The suitable top dressing amount was 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen, 15 kg/hm2 borax, and 45 kg/hm2 calcium oxide.

  Potato Lectin of Shanxi Varieties: Analysis on Mass Fraction 2019, 35 (36):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070111 Abstract + ( 488 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 63 ) To study the mass fraction of potato lectin in different potato varieties (strains) of Shanxi Province, the potato lectin solution was obtained by purifying the potato sample solution by macroporous resin column chromatography. Then, the levels of potato lectin in different potato varieties (strains) in Datong, Shanxi Province were assessed by measuring the absorbance and agglutination activity titer. The results showed that the purification of potato lectin by macroporous resin column chromatography was effective, and the filtrate could be used for subsequent analysis and determination. According to the comprehensive evaluation of absorbance value and coagulation effect, the sequence of potato lectin in different potato varieties (strains) was: 05-32-7> Tongshu 30> Jinshu 27> Tongshu 30> Jinshu 23.

  Glyphosate Stress: Effects on Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Potato at Early Growth Stage 2019, 35 (36):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700491 Abstract + ( 638 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 75 ) In order to study the changes of various physiological indexes of sweet potato after spraying glyphosate,clarify the effect of glyphosate on the growth of sweet potato ,we use the glyphosate-tolerant sweet potato variety ''N3014'' as the test material, and spray different concentrations of glyphosate, to study the changes of various physiological indexes of sweet potato.The results show: after sprayed glyphosate, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of sweet potato leaves decreased, and the greater the concentration of glyphosate sprayed, the more serious the drop.The CAT activity, MDA content and shikimic acid content of leaves increased,and the greater the concentration of glyphosate sprayed,the more obvious the rise.It can be seen that foliar application of glyphosate aggravates the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in sweet potato leaves, hinders the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and aromatic compounds in the shikimate pathway, resulting in increased accumulation of shikimic acid.

  The Uniformity Evaluation of Sugar Beet Varieties by InDel Technology 兴旺,, and 2019, 35 (36):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600287 Abstract + ( 355 )   PDF ( 1796KB )   ( 100 ) To explore the feasibility of InDel molecular marker technology for identifying the uniformity of sugar beet varieties, 8 sugar beet varieties were selected as test materials, and 24 individuals per variety were respectively sampled to extract genomic DNA. Subsequently, 9 pairs of InDel primers located in 9 chromosomes were employed for InDel-PCR amplification and the uniformity of each variety was assessed based on amplified bands. InDel-PCR amplification results showed that the average uniformity rate in 8 sugar beet varieties was from 67.7% to 88.1%. The same primer presented different uniformity rates in 8 sugar beet varieties. For example, the uniformity rate detected by ND286 primer in variety 985 and variety 1123 reached 100%, but the uniformity rate detected in other varieties distributed from 46% to 63%. Different primers might show the same uniformity rate in the same variety, but the uneven plants may be the same or not. For example, the uniformity rate detected by ND31 and ND71 primers was the same in variety 1015, which gained the highest average uniformity rate. However, plantlet 13, 14 and 15 were identified as uneven plants by ND31 primers, while plantlet 8, 15 and 21 were identified by ND71 primers. Therefore, uniformity identification of sugar beet varieties by single InDel primer is not universal and scientific. It is ecessary to integrate the amplification results at multiple InDel loci for identifying the uniformity of sugar beet varieties, and the criteria for identifying the uniformity of sugar beet varieties should not be set too strict at this stage.

  Response of Tobacco Planting Rhizosphere Soil Biological Activities to Biochar Combined with Compound-organic-bacteria-fertilizer 2019, 35 (36):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070097 Abstract + ( 405 )   PDF ( 1199KB )   ( 75 ) The aim is to provide a basis for the reasonable application of biochar and compound-organicbacteria- fertilizer (COBF) in tobacco- planting soil. Based on the same amount of compound fertilizer application, six treatments were set up. Soil was sampled during the key tobacco growth stage (i.e. 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanted). The soil sample was analyzed for the effect of biochar and COBF on soil microorganisms’activities. The results showed that the sucrase activity in soil was significantly improved with T2 treatment in the whole growth period. The urease activity in soil under T2 and T3 treatments were significantly promoted attheearly growth stage (30d), and the urea seactivity was 0.74mg/(g·d)and0.75mg/(g·d), respectively. The microbial biomass carbon (SMBC, 810.09 mg/kg) and microbial biomass carbon entropy were improved under T2 treatment. The microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) and SMBN/TN were improved under T3 treatment during the whole tobacco growth period. The bacteria, fungi and actinomyce population were increased by COBF application. The highest population of bacteria and actinomyce appeared under T2 treatment during the whole tobacco growth period. Generally, in the central area of Henan Province, the application of COBBF and 60% COBBF combined with 40% biochar are the optimal practice to improve the soil microbial environment and fertility.

  Crabapple Superior Tea: Quality Research 2019, 35 (36):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070063 Abstract + ( 373 )   PDF ( 1224KB )   ( 256 ) The qualities of 3 kinds of crabapple tea and the Malus hupehensis Rehd were studied to clarify the development value of crabapple tea. 4 kinds of crabapple buds were harvested from The Apple Center of the Horticultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University, and made into tea by steps of suncuring, deactivation of enzymes, rolling and drying following the production process of green tea; and the sensory evaluation for crabapple tea was carried out by using the national standard method, and the physicochemical indexes were determined, such as tea polyphenols, flavonoids, soluble sugar, amino acids, water extracts, dry matter content and so on. The results showed that: the contents of all kinds of inclusions of crabapple tea were rich and the tea had an excellent sensory, in addition, the crabapple tea had unique shape of dark purple curl, and the tea soup appeared to be pale purple after boiling with boiled water. In conclusion, crabapple tea has a value for further research and development.

  Thinning in Poplar-rape Agroforestry Pattern: Effects on the Yield and Quality of Rapes 2019, 35 (36):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070103 Abstract + ( 411 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 64 ) The aim of this paper was to put forward a reasonable thinning mode to improve the benefit of poplar-rape agroforestry management. [Method]Using poplar-rape agroforestry patterns in the Yangtze River bottomland as materials, there were three thinning treatments for the 3-year-old poplars: cutting small and holding big, cutting one for every 3-tree, cutting one for every 2-tree. The effects of thinning on poplar-rape agroforestry patterns were studied by measuring the microclimate factors, yield and quality of rape in different thinning treatments. [Result]The results showed that the air and soil temperature were lower and the humidity was higher in the control treatment, meanwhile the air and soil temperature was higher, the humidity was lower, and the photosynthetic active radiation was the largest in cutting one for every 2-tree. The rape traits in the three thinning treatments were better than the control treatment. The lowest rapeseed water content was 12.89%, and the yield was up to 215.48 g/m2, and the highest rapeseed fat content was 35.9% in cutting one for every 3-tree, [Conclusion]which indicated cutting one for every 3-tree was the best thinning mode. Path analysis showed that the microclimate had direct or indirect effect on the yield and quality of rapes.

  Research Progress of Eutrophic Lake Restoration Technology 2019, 35 (36):  72-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090059 Abstract + ( 361 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 76 ) Anthropogenic activities and life-style of modern society are the leading source of lake pollution, and eutrophic lakes account for a large proportion of polluted lakes. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of lake eutrophication and its restoration measures is crucial. In this study, after a brief introduction of eutrophic lakes’status, several common ecological restoration measures and their suitable lake types were summarized. Then the combined effect of ecological restoration on lake recovery was analyzed, providing a basis for further research. Aiming at the problem that ecological restoration technology is difficult to maintain and recycle in the long term, a series of measures such as establishing a long-term monitoring system and an ecological model were proposed. Finally, the prospects of developing new ecological restoration technologies were discussed.

  Oil Crops Remediate Heavy Metal-contaminated Farmland Soil: A Review 2019, 35 (36):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070105 Abstract + ( 347 )   PDF ( 1124KB )   ( 104 ) Soil is of great importance to human through supplying agricultural products. However, with the rapid development of human activities, soil heavy metal pollution has become a severe problem, and the area of polluted soil is continuously expanding. Phytoremediation has become a research hotspot in the field of soil environment protection because it is cost- effective and eco- friendly. Remediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil using oil crops can effectively reduce heavy metals in soil, recover soil qualities, and provide some oil products. Also, oil crops as remediating plants are easy to be promoted among farmers. In this review, we described the remediation effect of commonly used oil crops on heavy metal-contaminated farmland soil as well as the techniques to deal with plant residues after harvest. The technique of fly ash melt treatment on plant residues could avoid secondary pollution of heavy metal, and realize the reutilization of resources. Finally, the research prospect of oil crops on restoration of heavy metal-polluted soil was discussed.

  Forms of Bioactive Phosphorus in Sediments: Responses to Oxygen-consumed Organic Matters 2019, 35 (36):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070106 Abstract + ( 322 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 64 ) To verify the hypothesis that the forms of bioactive phosphorus are influenced by oxygen-consumed organic matters, sediments were exposed to oxygen-consumed organic matters for 30 days by replacing oxygenconsumed organic matters with glucose. The results showed that: if there was no air inflation, the Ex-P content in surface sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L was 0.02±0.01, 0.02±0.01, 0.03± 0.01 and 0.02±0.01 μmol/g; under air inflation, the Ex-P content in surface sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L was 0.03±0.00, 0.03±0.01, 0.03±0.01 and 0.06±0.02 μmol/g, and the Ex-P content of sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 8 mg/L was higher than that in sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0 mg/L (P<5%); moreover, the IP content in surface sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L was 0.96±0.42, 0.74±0.29, 0.97±0.78 and 0.88±0.22 μmol/g if there was no air inflation; nevertheless, the IP content in surface sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L was 0.37±0.10, 0.46±0.16, 0.41±0.06 and 0.69±0.05 μmol/g, and the IP content of sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 8 mg/L was higher than that in sediment exposed to glucose with concentration 0 mg/L (P<5%). There is a double threshold effect of oxygen-consumed organic matters on bioactive phosphorus in sediments.

  Evaluation of Carbon Effect of Land Use Structure in Hebei 2019, 35 (36):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070057 Abstract + ( 334 )   PDF ( 1478KB )   ( 75 ) Land use structure determines the intensity of human energy activities and carbon sequestration of carbon source. To achieve low carbon development, the carbon effect of land use structure is evaluated. Taking Hebei Province as an example, the carbon source and carbon sink of different land use structures were studied, and the carbon emission effects of various land use types in Hebei and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in different cities from 2006 to 2015 were comprehensively evaluated, from two angles of time and space, by taking the methods of statistical analysis and qualitative and quantitative analysis, and using ArcGIS software mapping. The results showed that the spatial and temporal differences of carbon emissions in Hebei were relatively large. The regions with relatively high carbon emissions were mainly concentrated in Tangshan, Shijiazhuang and Handan. By studying the current situation of carbon emission in Hebei, this paper put forward suggestions on the sustainable development of low carbon from the aspects of energy consumption structure, industrial layout structure, land use structure and so on. The research results could have certain theoretical significance for the low carbon sustainable development in Hebei Province.

  Characteristics of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor During Heavy Rainfall in Huaihua District 2019, 35 (36):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070117 Abstract + ( 291 )   PDF ( 1359KB )   ( 102 ) Using the precipitable water vapor (GPS-PWV) inversed from ground-based GPS that based on the advanced ZHD model and localized Ts model, as well as integration hourly meteorological data from automatic weather station, the atmospheric water vapor variation characteristics and evolution features of GPS-PWV during 14 heavy rainfall events are analyzed at Huaihua in 2017. As the results shown, GPS-PWV could reveal the atmospheric water vapor variation characteristics of Huaihua region. The monthly change of PWV-P data pair is evident. The PWV appears a lower value with a smaller range accompanied by a 14.75hPa higher surface air pressure than that in summer when precipitation occurs during winter, which gradually increases with a lower surface air pressure while precipitation during spring. In summer, the PWV rises to the annual peak value with the lowest surface air pressure under rainfall, and it scatters to low value area in autumn. In 14 heavy rainfall events at Huaihua during flood season of 2017, all of the PWV values exceed corresponding monthly mean, besides there is a well corresponded relationship between the maximum rainfall and maximum PWV in hourly scale. Before the heavy rainfall occurred, the PWV increases comparatively distinctly with a clear decrease of the surface air pressure, and that could be a preferably reference point in the local strong precipitation nowcasting.

  The Occurrence of Low-temperature Continuous Rain and Lesser Fullness Cold in Nanchang County: 1954-2016 2019, 35 (36):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110093 Abstract + ( 458 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 89 ) To prevent the low temperature damage to early rice production and seasonal arrangement of late rice, the occurrence of spring low-temperature continuous rain and lesser fullness cold from 1954 to 2016 in Nanchang County were analyzed. The results showed that the occurrence and degree of spring low-temperature continuous rain over the past years presented a decreasing trend, which was not significant. The total number of lesser fullness cold had a significant downward trend, so did the number of severe lesser fullness cold, but the change of mild and moderate lesser fullness cold were not obvious. The current climate change is beneficial to double cropping rice production, and to ensure the safe production of early rice, reasonable arrangement should be made according to the actual weather conditions. The results could provide a basis for the dynamic assessment of low temperature damage in spring and the safe production of early rice in Nanchang County.

  Lightning in Guizhou: Distribution Characteristic Analysis Based on VLF/LF 3D Lightning Monitoring System 2019, 35 (36):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080042 Abstract + ( 455 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 100 ) The paper aims to strengthen the analysis of IC distribution characteristics, enhance the knowledge of the physical processes in thunderstorm clouds. We analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightning in Guizhou by using the data of VLF/LF 3D lightning detection system from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that: both IG and CG were mainly negative; lightning occurred mainly in summer, with the least in winter; the lightning distribution was mainly single peak; only in winter, the Z ratio was greater than 1; lightning mainly occurred from 4 pm to 2 am the next day; the Z ratio was positively correlated with the change of the total lightning frequency with time, and the correlation coefficient was 0.618; the lightning density in Guizhou showed a tendency with high in west and low in east, with an average annual lightning density of 5.07 times /(a·km2); the height of IC mainly occurred from 2k-7 km; the annual IC height showed a downward trend; lightning intensity was mainly distributed in 5k-45 kA with the average total lightning current gradient of 7.34 kA/μs. This study is conducive to the exploration of lightning characteristics, as well as the monitoring and early warning of strong convection weather.

  The Response of Energy Beet BvGST Gene to Cadmium Stress in Escherichia coli 2019, 35 (36):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600329 Abstract + ( 465 )   PDF ( 1482KB )   ( 92 ) To further study the function of BvGST gene (LOC104898671) during the heavy metal cadmium tolerance in energy beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and to clarify its role and responsive characteristic in detoxification of cadmium ions in cells, 780016B/12You was chosen as the plant material in this study. BvGST gene was cloned and constructed into E. coli expression vector pEASY-Blunt E1 by RT-PCR, and transformed into E. coli BL21. SDS-PAGE showed that, there was an about 25.9 kDa band of his tag-BvGST fusion protein in recombinant bacteria total protein. When applied 0.5 mmol/L CdCl2, the recombinant strain expressing BvGST protein exhibited better growth than the control; meanwhile, GST activity in E. coli over-expressing BvGST was also much higher than that in control. It indicated that BvGST gene could detoxify cellular oxidative damage caused by cadmium stress, and improve Cd tolerance of E. coli by over-expressing glutathione transferase with high activity. The results suggest that BvGST plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of cadmium stress in energy beet.

  The study on three genotyping methods for fragrance rice 2019, 35 (36):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600297 Abstract + ( 285 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 63 ) In this paper, the 11 fragrance rice varieties , 1 control materials and 13 back-cross materials were choose to test. Three genotyping methods were established for BADH2, compared its advantages and disadvantages and tried to established a rapid high effective method to identify the genotype for fragrance rice. The results showed that melting curve method is simple, sensitive and high effective, compared others methods. To rapid genotyping, it developed primers for 79 base pairs amplification fragment including target sites. It provides a technical means for directional cultivation of fragrant rice materials with high throughput.

  Peroxidase Purification and Its Enzymatic Kinetics of Dongxiang Wild Rice 2019, 35 (36):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100002 Abstract + ( 299 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 167 ) Peroxidase is closely related to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the adaptive response to stresses in plants. In order to further explore the role of peroxidase in stress resistance mechanism of crops, POD protein was isolated from leaves of Dongxiang wild rice by extraction, salting out, dialysis and column chromatography, the purified protein was detected by active gel electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel and the enzymatic characteristics of POD were studied by the guaiacol method. The results showed a component of POD1 isozyme with a specific activity of 568.80 U/mg was obtained about 16.49-fold from leaves of Dongxiang wild rice via extraction with phosphate buffer buffer, precipitation by ammonium sulfate of 40%-80% saturation, and separation by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, which was detected to be a homogeneous component by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The detection of enzyme kinetics showed that the POD enzyme had Km of 1.26 mmol/(L?min) and Vmax of 17.51 mmol/(L?min) with the optimum pH of 5.0 and optimum temperature of 35℃-45℃. Cu2+ and Zn2+ had strong activation effects on POD activity, while Fe3+ had inhibition effect, and POD activity was inhibited by 20% of methanol, ethanol and acetone. This study provided foundation for further insights on POD antioxidant function and cold resistance physiology of Dongxiang wild rice.

  Scanning Electron Microscope Observation on Feathers of Two Species of Recurvirostridae from Beijing 2019, 35 (36):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070036 Abstract + ( 396 )   PDF ( 1582KB )   ( 88 ) This paper reports the microstructure of feathers of Ibidorhyncha struthersii and Himantopus himantopus in different parts of body with SEM. The results show that remiges, rectrices and contour feathers are mainly composed of hooked barbules and nonhooked barbules, the hooked barbules and the nonhooked barbules are engaged to form a flexible and strong vane to reduce the air resistance. The number of hamuli, cilia, ventral teeth is constant in remiges, rectrices and contour feathers. It could be used as a standard to distinguish different families. The verrucous protuberance in nonhooked barbules is special, its variation is stable, so it could be used with the length of internode as a standard to distinguish different genera in the same family.

  Grape Apolygus lucorum in China: Occurrence Trend and Prevention and Control Strategies 2019, 35 (36):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070053 Abstract + ( 347 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 120 ) This study reviewed the occurrence trend in time and space of Apolygus lucorum in Chinese vineyards and explored the related causes, and analyzed the research progress on the prevention and control of A. lucorum from the aspects of chemical control, agricultural control, biological control and physical control. Based on the above study, it is proposed that A. lucorum is an emerging pest brought about by social development and agricultural industry transformation; when conducting research on grape A. lucorum, especially the research on prevention and control, the main focus should be on agricultural control, and especially on selection of grape cultivars against A. lucorum; and then integrated ecological control techniques should be established through research on new pesticides and application techniques, as well as the screening of repellents and traps, so as to effectively control the grape A. lucorum.

  Effects of congestion and sub-lethal dose imidacloprid on wing differentiation，growth and reproduction of soybean aphid 2019, 35 (36):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600245 Abstract + ( 337 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 318 ) To evaluate non-lethal effects of insecticide on pests completely, sub-lethal dose imidacloprid and population crowding were chosen as treatments. Reproduction, life span for soybean aphid adults, developmental periods of nymphs and number of alate aphids were measured to assess how would the two treatments effect on the pest population reproduction ability and risk of transfer on the host plants. The results showed that sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid significantly reduced reproduction rate of soybean aphid, thus effectively reducing the local damage on soybean seedling. In addition, the number of winged aphids decreased significantly, which could reduce the risk of aphids transfer accordingly. Moreover, crowding treatment reduced fecundity of the first generation aphid, but had no significant effect on the fecundity of the second generation. Crowding increased the number of winged aphids which would increase the risk of aphids transfer. Statistics also revealed that there was a significant interaction between pesticide and congestion. Based on above experiments, sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid can effectively control local damage and transfer damage of soybean aphid progenies on the original plant. Congestion will reduce the damage control effect of the pesticide on the aphids, furthermore, increase the risk of aphid transfer.

  Rural Drinking Water Safety: Review on Quantitative Evaluation Methods 2019, 35 (36):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600238 Abstract + ( 285 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 235 ) The paper aims to clarify the specific meaning of evaluation indicators for rural drinking water safety, and to discuss the existing quantitative evaluation methods. Rural drinking water safety problems are characterized by fuzziness, dynamics and extensiveness. In order to establish a complete evaluation index system which is consist with local reality, the four indicators such as water quantity, water quality, convenience and guarantee rate should be further elaborated and standardized, so to comprehensively evaluate the current situation of drinking water safety in rural areas. The determination of index weight is a key and difficult point in quantitative evaluation of rural drinking water safety. Weight determination methods can be divided into subjective weighting method, objective weighting method and subjective and objective combination weighting method. Both subjective and objective weighting methods have their own advantages and limitations in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation of rural drinking water safety. Optimizing the combination of subjective and objective weighting methods is one of the main research directions in determining the weights of evaluation indicators of rural drinking water safety.

  Cognition and Executive Evaluation of Implementing the Technical Standard of Right to Rural Land Contractual Management ——Based on the Perspective of the Department of Management and Administration on Rural Cooperation 2019, 35 (36):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110079 Abstract + ( 345 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 69 ) According to the 84 questionnaires for the department of management and administration on rural cooperation in the 28 provinces, the executive information about the implementation for the technical standard of right to rural land contractual management was analyzed and evaluated by horizontal comparison method. Four important conclusions were obtained from this research, which were list as follows. (1) The cognitive level of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation was very high for the technical standards of right to rural land contractual management. Most of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation adopt to the detail measures, such as publicity and training, to guarantee the implementation for the technical standards of right to rural land contractual management, and asked the surveying and mapping companies to use the technological standards in the work of the confirm, registration and certification of rural land contract management right. (2) More than 80.95% of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation stipulated explicitly for the certification process and authorization for the represent of contractor, and required the concerned creditor or agent to go to the site and point out the boundary. However, the department of management and administration on rural cooperation had different views for the assertions of the party giving out the contract. (3) There were different opinions of the party giving out the contract code, natural village code, non-contracted land code for the department of management and administration on rural cooperation. In addition, in order to specify the confirm, registration and certification of rural land contract management right, the unified coding for the boundary point, transfer contract, registration application, land contract archives were proposed by some of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation. (4) As for the registration database of the right to rural land contractual management, most of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation carried out the construction of registration service system. The platform constructions were mainly exploited by the county or province. More than 82.54% of the department of management and administration on rural cooperation checked carefully for the technical proposal of database construction. According to the problems in the implementation for the technical standard of right to rural land contractual management, it was necessary to adopt to some positive measures, such as formulating standard interpretation, increasing publicity and training, developing quality inspection software. The important conclusions from this research could not only provide the scientific basis for improving the technical standard, but also would be helpful for specifying the confirm, registration and certification of rural land contract management right.