Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.19 Published:05 July 2020

  Root Activity and Late Grain Filling Characteristics of Rice Varieties with Different Growth Types in Xing’an League Gao Chunxiang, Yang Yuhui 2020, 36 (19):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100032 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 65 ) The paper aims to study the root activity and grain filling characteristics of rice varieties with different growth types at the late filling stage, and to provide a reference for the cultivation of quality root system for high yield rice. In this study, field and hydroponics experiments were carried out on the representative varieties of middle early maturity, middle maturity, middle late maturity and late maturity in Xing’an League in 2018-2019. By adjusting the sowing date and the number of elongation internode, the varieties with different growth periods could heading in the same period, and the number of elongation internode of the same variety was different but the heading period was the same, so as to compare the root activity and grain filling characteristics of different varieties in the later period, and the characteristics of root activity and grain filling at the later stage of different elongation internode types in the same variety and spot. The results showed that the root activity of different rice varieties decreased after heading, and the upper root activity of all tested varieties was higher than that of the lower one in the whole grouting and filling stage. The root activity of different elongation internode varieties was significantly different in the later stage, which was mainly determined by the rooting rule and the upper root rate; the main filling duration and filling intensity of different elongation internode varieties were different. The varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a short duration of grouting and a large grouting intensity; the varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a long duration of grouting and a small grouting intensity. The varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a small difference, while the varieties with different number of elongated internodes had a large difference. To achieve high yield of rice, it is necessary to use the promoting and controlling technology flexibly according to the characteristics of root and root activity of different growth types of rice, cultivate the developed and functional root system, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting high yield of rice.

  Effect of Glomus mosseae on Yield of Two Maize Cultivars and Correlation Analysis of Growth Traits Ma Xuemiao, Liu Xiao, Xie Xinyu, Wang Yan, Zhang Zhi, Lu Yuncai, Wang Changxian 2020, 36 (19):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400039 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 53 ) The aim is to discuss the utilization potentiality of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize production, and the relative effect mechanism. ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘5999’ were used as field experimental materials, and Glomus mosseae was inoculated by mixing with seeds at sowing stage. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains, yield, 100-kernel weight, ear length, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel number per row were measured by traditional methods at the physiological maturity stage of maize. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the indexes. The yield of ‘Zhengdan 958’ inoculated with G. mosseae was 1.10 times that of the corresponding control, but the G. mosseae had negative effect on yield of ‘5999’. Meanwhile, 100-kernel weight of ‘Zhengdan 958’ was significantly higher than that of ‘5999’ regardless of inoculation or not, and the phosphorus concentration in grains of the two maize varieties was significantly increased by G. mosseae. For ‘Zhengdan 958’, 100-kernel weight was positively correlated with phosphorus concentration in grains, and the correlation coefficient between them increased from 0.6267 to 0.9480 after inoculation with G. mosseae. However, 100-kernel weight of ‘5999’ was negatively correlated with the phosphorus concentration in grains, and positively correlated with the nitrogen concentration in grains, and the improvement by G. mosseae on the nitrogen concentration in grains was not significant. Under field conditions, the yield of ‘Zhengdan 958’ could be enhanced to some extent by inoculating with G. mosseae, which is attributed to the correlation coefficient increase between 100-kernel weight and phosphorus concentration in grains of maize.

  Different Organic Fertilizer Quantities Affect the Growth and Yield of Maize Tian Yanhong, Yan Fengchao, Li Peng, Zhao Xiaofeng 2020, 36 (19):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400034 Abstract + ( 232 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 90 ) The objectives are to use straw, livestock and poultry manure and other wastes from agricultural production to make organic fertilizer, define the most suitable organic fertilizer quantity, and study the effect of different organic fertilizer quantities on the growth and the yield of maize. The field plot experiment was conducted with six organic fertilizer quantity levels (2.5, 7.5, 15, 20, 30 and 40 t/hm2) in 2016-2017. The conventional treatment, the single organic fertilizer treatment, and the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment were set up. The results showed that the plant growth vigor under single organic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment were weaker than those of the conventional treatment, and the single organic fertilizer treatment delayed maize stamens extracting at VT period, the teaseling rate had extremely significant difference with that of the conventional treatment (P<0.01). The yield under single organic fertilizer treatment was 6% to 10% less than that of conventional treatment, the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). The organic fertilizer combined with base fertilizer increased the yield obviously, the maximum yield increased by 4.53% compared with that of the conventional treatment, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). With the increase of the organic fertilizer application, the fertilizer cost increased and the benefit value decreased. Single application of organic fertilizer is not recommended in maize production, from the perspective of increasing yield and ensuring certain economic benefits, the most suitable organic fertilizer quantity is 20 t/hm2 based on the base fertilizer.

  Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Under Strip Multiple Cropping Pattern of Different Maize Varieties and Soybean Wang Jing, Su Dongtao, Li Nana 2020, 36 (19):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400003 Abstract + ( 235 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 142 ) This study aims to use the biological nitrogen fixation of soybean scientifically and to select the optimal combination under corn and soybean strip multiple cropping mode. ‘Dafeng 26’ (IC1), ‘Dafeng 30’ (IC2), ‘Qiangsheng 51’ (IC3) and ‘Qiangsheng 388’ (IC4) were used as materials, the single factor randomized block and long-term location experiment was used to determine the nitrogen utilization and yield of each maize variety. The results showed that under corn and soybean strip multiple cropping mode, the yield and aboveground biomass of maize was as following: IC2>IC3>IC4>IC1 (P<0.05). Compared with IC1, IC3 and IC4 treatments, IC2 treatment increased the average annual nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity significantly by 10.8%, 11.0%, 15.3%; 17.3%, 32.3%, 26.2%; 36.8%, 34.9%, 30.1%; 18.8%, 20.6%, 12.5%, respectively. The average annual nitrogen harvest index of IC2 treatment was significantly decreased by 4.6 percentage points compared with that of IC4 treatment (P<0.05). In addition, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate, nitrogen harvest index were significantly and positively correlated with yield (P<0.05). The comprehensive results showed that ‘Dafeng 30’ and soybean strip multiple cropping could significantly improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and they could be promoted as a better combination in Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Yield Traits, Sugar Content and Benefit of Sugarcane Liu Lufeng, Di Yining, Xie Linyan, Hu Yifan, Li Fusheng, He Lilian 2020, 36 (19):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700398 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 225 ) To solve the problem of excessive fertilizer application, improve sugarcane cost-saving synergies, this study used different fertilizer treatments with B9 bacteria agent to influence the agronomic traits and economic benefits of sugarcane, so as to provide a basis for the application of B9 bacteria agent in sugarcane production. Six major sugarcane areas were selected as test sites in Yunnan Province. Different fertilization treatments were carried out with different combinations of B9, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to study the agronomic traits of sugarcane growth, yield and sugar content. And the planting benefits of sugarcane were analyzed. The results showed that B9 bacteria combined fertilizer could promote the emergence of seedlings in different degrees. In the six experimental sites, except Yingjiang and Jinggu where the application of B9 bacteria combined fertilizer had no obvious effect on promoting tillering of sugarcane, the other 4 test points all achieved effective promotion results. Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer treatment, the application of B9 bacteria improved the traits like plant height, stem diameter, effective stem number, sugarcane stem yield, sucrose content and so on, but the effects were not significant. The economic benefit analysis of Yuanjiang showed that the benefit of B9 combined fertilizer treatment was higher than that of the control, but the benefit of the fertilizer treatment without B9 bacteria was lower than that of the control. In summary, applying the combination of ‘B9 bacteria agent + organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer’ plays a positive role in stabilizing yield and reducing fertilizer amount, and has a value of application and promotion.

  Effect of Different Fertilizers on Growth, Fruit Quality and Sucrose Metabolism of Cucumis melo Diao Qiannan, Ni Xiuhong, Fan Hongwei, Zhang Wenxian, Wang Hong, Zhang Yongping 2020, 36 (19):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500130 Abstract + ( 241 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 54 ) To investigate the effect of different fertilizers on plant growth, SPAD, yield, quality and sucrose metabolism of melon under protected cultivation condition, cultivar ‘Cuixi’ was sprayed with four different fertilizers (mainly different in N-P2O5-K2O ratio, T1: 15-15-15, T2: 20-20-20, T3: 15-10-17, T4: 15-6-35), common urea was used as control (T0). The results showed that compared with common urea (T0), the difference of plant growth was not significant under the four fertilizers’ treatment, and the SPAD increased. There were significant differences under T3 and T4, in which, soluble solids, soluble sugar, amino acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose and glucose contents, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthetase (SS) increased significantly, and nitrate content decreased significantly. The results showed that the fruit yield of melon under T3 and T4 treatment was nearly to that of control (T0), and the comprehensive quality was improved.

  Effects of Spatial Structure of Quercus on Species Diversity of Undergrowth Shrubs in Badagong Mountain Bian Gengzhan, Zhu Guangyu 2020, 36 (19):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500200 Abstract + ( 180 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 59 ) To identify the crucial effects of spatial structure on understory shrub species diversity, the Quercus secondary forest in Badagong Mountain is studied. The spatial structure of forest stand is evaluated by calculating the size ratio, mixing degree, aggregation index and openness index, and the understory shrub species diversity is evaluated by calculating the Margalef index, Pielou index and Auclair index. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis is adopted to explore the correlation between the indexes. The finding indicates that the openness and aggregation index of natural secondary forest of Quercus species in Badagongshan are two main factors relevant to the species diversity of undergrowth shrubs, a positive correlation can be found both between the openness index and Pielou index, and between the aggregation index and Auclair Goff index. With the increase of the openness index, Pielou index increases correspondingly, which means the species evenness of understory shrubs is increased. With the growth of Quercus species aggregation index, Auclair Goff index grows correspondingly, which implies the species of undergrowth shrubs is diversified. Therefore, to improve the species diversity of understory shrubs in natural secondary forest of Quercus species in Badagongshan, we should focus on adjusting the structure of tree species and the pattern distribution of forest space, especially from aspects of the tree openness and aggregation.

  Moschus berezovskii in Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve: Population Size and Geographical Distribution Wang Xia, Yuan Xudong, Zhou Hongyan, Zhang Chenglun, Peng Jie, Peng Jianjun, Deng Yaping, Huang Piaoyi, Gao Hongmei, Sun Nian 2020, 36 (19):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500214 Abstract + ( 343 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1469KB )   ( 65 ) The paper aims to estimate the population size of Moschus berezovskii and clarify their geography distribution in Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve, and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of M. berezovskii population resources. From April 19th to June 5th, 2017, we first learned about the possible areas of M. berezovskii through the local interviews, and then found traces of M. berezovskii through the line transect method for recording and statistics. In the survey areas (284.16 km2), there are about (95±48) M. berezovskii, mainly distributed in the mixed forest of needle-leaved trees and broad-leaved trees above 1000 m in the northern slope of Jinfo Mountain. The ecological environment of Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve is suitable for M. berezovskii. However, due to the excessive catch and kill by human and the development of the nature reserve, the environment for M. berezovskii has gradually deteriorated, and the population of forest musk deer in the Nature Reserve has declined drastically. We should carry out protection work from reducing human activities in the Nature Reserve and recovering habitats of Moschus berezovskii.

  Diversity of Aquatic Plants in Maolan Karst Forest Wetland Lan Hongbo, Wang Wanhai, Yao Wuqing, Ran Jingcheng 2020, 36 (19):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600236 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 41 ) The floristic composition and diversity of aquatic plant species in Maolan Karst Forest Wetland were preliminarily analyzed based on the field survey from 2014 to 2016. The results indicated that there were 104 species of aquatic plants belonging to 78 genera and 49 families in Maolan Karst Forest Wetland, of which ferns belonged to 6 families, 6 genera and 8 species and angiosperms belonged to 43 families, 72 genera and 96 species. Gramineae, Asteraceae, Potamogetonaceae, Polygonaceae, and Cyperaceae were the dominant families and Polygonum, Potamogeton, and Alternanthera were the preponderant genera, in which the single species accounted for 78.21% of the total genera. The floristic composition of aquatic plants in Maolan Karst Forest Wetland is rather complicated and the reasons are: the distribution types of families, genera and species are diversified; the distribution of genera in families, species in genera and species in families are unbalanced; and the single-species, monotypic and single-species families are dominant in number. The composition of the floristic region of Maolan Karst Forest Wetland includes the following points: families are mainly the widespread distribution types; the distribution types of genera shows subtropical characteristics; and the distribution types of species are mostly temperate distribution species, followed by tropical species and relatively few widespread distribution types.

  Softwood Cutting Propagation Technique of Acer truncatum Yan Liping, Wang Yinhua, Ren Fei, Shu Defeng, Liu Cuilan, Li Qinghua, Zang Zhenrong, Wu Dejun 2020, 36 (19):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030084 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 29 ) In this study, the internal and external factors that affect the softwood cutting were discussed to provide references for the softwood-cutting propagation and introduction and domestication of Acer truncatum. An orthogonal experiment of four factors by three levels [L9(34)] was applied to studying the effects of three growth regulators and their concentrations, treating time and cutting mediums on rooting rate, adventitious root number, maximum root length and root width of A. truncatum. The results indicated that: the rooting rate and the development indexes of A. truncatum root were influenced not only separately by the factors such as growth regulators and their concentrations, treating time and cutting mediums, but also synthetically by many factors. The best treatment combination for softwood cutting of A. truncatum was A1B1C1D1, in which, the softwood cutting was treated with ABT1 of 1500 mg/L for 10 seconds, then planted in mixed medium, which resulted in 89% rooting rate. The comprehensive analysis of membership function showed that the optimum treating combination for root development was treatment No.4, namely, 1500 mg/L NAA treating for 5 min and taking perlite as the medium. The membership value was 1.82, and the rooting rate was 87%. Considering the rooting rate and the root development indexes, treatment No.4 has relatively high practical value in application and can meet the needs of variety improvement.

  Comparison of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of 7 Kinds of Psammophytes and Xerophytes Xu Yan, Xu Xianying, Chong Peifang, Liu Hujun 2020, 36 (19):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100043 Abstract + ( 356 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 29 ) 7 species of psammophytes and xerophytes, including Apocynum venetum, Poacynum hendersonii, Kalidium foliatum, Kalidium cuspidatum, Reaumuria soongca, Agriophyllum squarrosum and Nitraria tangutorum, were selected for the test of germination and seedling growth in the constant temperature incubator and greenhouse, so as to understand the characteristics of germination and seedling growth of common plants in north China. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of A. squarrosum were the highest, and those of the K. cuspidatum were relatively small, with a difference of 1.1 times. The germination rate of K. cuspidatum was the lowest, decreased by 10.93% and 11.76% compared with that of A. venetum and A. squarrosum. The dry and fresh weights of K. foliatum were significantly higher than those of other plants. The height of plant, crown width, hypocotyl length, taproot and lateral root growth rate were relatively large, and those of K. cuspidatum were relatively small. The growth rate of seedling height of P. hendersonii increased by 233.33%, 53.84%, 94.17%, 104.18% and 66.67%, respectively, compared with that of N. tangutorum, A. venetum, R. soongca, K. foliatum and K. cuspidatum. The germination process of A. squarrosum was faster than that of other plants, and the amount of seedling growth of P. hendersonii was the largest. The plants growing in moving-sand and saline environment adapted to the harsh environment by rapid germination and accelerated growth.

  Brassica oleracea var. acephala: Introduction Comparison and Resource Utilization Su Yanbin, Li Qiang, Liu Lujiang, Fu Changzhi, Zhang Xuesong, Zhang Tianzhu 2020, 36 (19):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090078 Abstract + ( 374 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 34 ) The aim is to compare the characteristics of a large number of kale varieties and their characteristics of flowering and seed setting, screen out the excellent varieties, clarify the current seed production pathways of kale and provide references for the targeted introduction, separation and utilization of the varieties. At the same time, the seeds of the introduced offspring can be further utilized to innovate resources. A total of 28 kale varieties from home and abroad were collected as samples to compare the field comprehensive traits and flowering and seed setting characteristics. At present, compared with foreign varieties, China’s domestic kale varieties have been greatly improved in terms of comprehensive characteristics, some varieties even surpass foreign varieties and can be widely promoted. Among the 28 materials, 20 are fertile and 8 are infertile, and 6 of the infertile varieties are from domestic Jingyan series. It indicates that the current kale seed production mainly adopts the self-incompatibility pathway, and China has taken the lead in using the male sterile.

  Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis Seedlings Growing on Different Formula Media: Effect Evaluation Chen Xiangbo, Shen Ruixue, Lv Xiuli, Feng Jianhua, Li Pujin, Zhang Dongmei 2020, 36 (19):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600243 Abstract + ( 289 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 44 ) To study the influence of different formula media on growth of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis seedlings and provide suitable cultivation medium, 8 formula media mixed of peat moss, fermentation products of organic litter, coconut chaff, pine bark, yellow sand, pearlite and natural soil were used. The physical and chemical properties of mixed media were detected as well as the morphological, growth and physiological indexes of seedlings. Correlation analysis was conducted. The results showed that there existed extremely and significantly positive correlations between total porosity, capillary porosity and leave number or maximum root length (P＜0.05), while significantly negative correlations between electric conductivity index and dry weight of root, rootshoot ratio or fresh weight of leave and also between total potassium of soil and fresh weight of aboveground parts or underground parts. It indicated that growth could be improved by promoting aeration status of medium while with electric conductivity index increasing, dry matter accumulation being restrained and the rootshoot ratio decreasing. Potassium nutrition inhibited the growth of both aboveground parts and underground parts. There existed extremely significant difference of the tested indexes between different media treatments (P＜0.01). Seedlings on most of the formula media grew better than that on the natural soil contrast. The comprehensive evaluation of morphological and growth indexes indicated that the medium mixed with peat moss, fermentation products of organic litter, coconut chaff, pine bark and yellow sand at the ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 presented the highest value of 0.91. Next was the media of peat moss, coconut chaff and yellow sand mixed at the ratio of 2:1:1 with the value of 0.66. Therefore these two formula media are suggested for the cultivation of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis.

  Establishment of Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System for Rare Medicinal Bletilla striata Ma Ling, Qiu Wenting, Wang Yanjun, Kang Tianlan, Li Mengfei 2020, 36 (19):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500181 Abstract + ( 375 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 46 ) To establish the system of tissue culture for Bletilla striata, an experiment was conducted to screen the concentrations of sucrose, exogenous hormones (6-BA, IBA, IAA and NAA) and activated carbon (AC), light duration and hardening-seedling matrix for seed germination and growth taking mature seeds as original explants. The results showed that the seeds germinated after 7 d in the medium MS+4 g/L agar+20 g/L sucrose+ light (200 lx) 24 h/d; the number of cotyledon reached 5 with supplemental 1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L AC; the root number and length respectively reached 3 and 4 cm with supplemental 1.5 mg/L IBA+1.0 g/L AC; and the seedling survival rate reached 100% under the matrix vermiculite: peat (1:2). These findings would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for large-scale cultivation, pharmaceutical production and wild resource protection of Bletilla striata.

  Pilot Study of Regional Ecological Carrying Capacity Based on P-S-R Model: A Case Study of Diebu County of Gansu Province Li Zhen, Li Zhenlin, Qu Peng 2020, 36 (19):  85-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500177 Abstract + ( 230 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1721KB )   ( 48 ) The study aims to assess ecological carrying capacity and provide a theoretical support of regional sustainable development. Taking the Diebu County of Gansu Province as an example, firstly, the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) concept model was used to construct the index system of ecological carrying capacity, the index weight was defined according the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to evaluate regional ecological carrying capacity; secondly, the water conservation function and biodiversity function were evaluated at the level of ecological function; finally, the causes of ecological carrying capacity were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the overall ecological carrying capacity score of Diebu County was 0.239, which was in a strong carrying capacity state, the score of ecological resilience, resources and environmental capacity and human social influence which constituted the overall ecological carrying capacity was respectively 0.222, 0.062 and 0.063; (2) the water conservation capacity per unit area was 111.76 mm and the water conservation function was “high”, and the areas with high water conservation were mainly concentrated in the areas with mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and grassland; (3) the natural habitat accounted for 83.67% of the county’s total area, and the natural habitant quality index was “high”; (4) based on the analysis of natural and economic factors, it was found that the ecological environment of Diebu County was relatively good, but the area of forest and grass was decreasing gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cultural tourism through rational guidance to promote the sustainable development of Diebu County.

  Salinized Soil in Oasis of Manas River Basin: Interannual Dynamic Change Zhang Yunyun, Zhang Li, Dong Gaoquan, Han Zhongling, Cheng Yongxiang, Ma Miao 2020, 36 (19):  93-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040015 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 4182KB )   ( 133 ) The paper aims to explore the interannual variation of salinized soil in oasis of Manas River basin, and analyze the change causes. Based on the analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral characteristics of salinized soil, we constructed the soil salinization index SSI, and rated the salinized soil. The results showed that: 9.45×104 hm2 salinized soil in Manas River basin was successfully improved during 1990-2014, and the fragmentation and fractal dimension of salinized soil landscape increased; compared with the degree of saline division in 1990, the salinized soil in cultivated land in 2014 had a tendency of mild conversion; the salinity of the typical salinized soil which had not been reclaimed from 1990 to 2014 tended to be converted to a severe degree, and their vegetation community structure tended to be simple. SSI can be applied to the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of salinized soil, and the results can provide references for scientific control of salinized soil in agricultural sector.

  Meteorological Disasters at Long-term Scales: Influence on Rice Yield of Hunan Tan Shiqi, Fan Jiazhi, Yan Shi, Tao Xiaoxiao, Ou Jinhui, Luo Hongmei 2020, 36 (19):  104-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400005 Abstract + ( 284 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2578KB )   ( 59 ) The paper aims to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of rice suffered from meteorological disasters during 1980-2015 of Hunan. Based on the meteorological data from 96 meteorological stations and data of rice planting area and yield from 1980 to 2015 in Hunan, we conducted spatial analysis on agro-meteorological disasters with ArcGIS and the correlation analysis between rice yield and meteorological elements with SPSS. The results showed that: the drought, heat damage and flood during 1980-2015 in Hunan were quite serious, and the cold-dew wind was less likely to happen; there was a negative correlation between SPEI and rice yield in each region, and the drought restricted the rice yield to some extent; there was a negative correlation between late-rice yield and extreme high-temperature; and there were significantly negative correlations between early rice per unit area yield and the maximum daily precipitation, the maximum continuous precipitation, and total precipitation from April to September at 0.05 levels, the flood disaster had obvious inhibition effect on early rice production. The results could provide guiding references for rational and scientific planning of rice production, and for avoiding agro-meteorological disasters.

  Technical Approaches for Certifying Place of Origin of Agricultural Products: A Case Study of Hainan Wanning Selenium-rich Betel Nuts Zhang Gucheng, Ma Ronglin, Guo Yuepin, Zhang Jiayou, Wang Peng, Hao Yu, Zeng Guanghua, Chen Yang, Li Liang 2020, 36 (19):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500079 Abstract + ( 478 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1975KB )   ( 43 ) Based on the agricultural geographical survey data of the Betel Nut Garden in Wanning City, Hainan Province at a scale of 1:10000, the betel nut weighted data of Wanning and fresh selenium-rich betel nut standards, the pilot certification of the place of origin of Wanning selenium-rich betel nuts is conducted, and the technical approaches for certifying the place of origin of selenium-rich agricultural products are summarized. These certification approaches include document preparation, patch assignment commenting, geochemical assessment of soil quality, geochemical assessment of agricultural product quality, the certification of place of origin of selenium-rich agricultural products, the manufacturing and issuance of certificate of origin, etc. It is found that the technical approaches for certifying the place of origin of selenium-rich agricultural products are scientific, concise and ready to be widely used, and could help to explore new fields in agricultural geology and are of active demonstration effects, the application of these approaches could yield good social and economic benefits.

  Control of Alternaria alternata by Mixed Fermentation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Rhizopus nigrican Cong Yunzhe, Ma Qunfei, Yang Wenhui, Chen Kaoshan 2020, 36 (19):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600347 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 178 ) The research aims at the biological control effect of Rhizopus nigrican and Trichoderma pseudokoningii mixed fermentation broth on Alternaria alternata, and the development of a new environmental-friendly biological control agent. We conducted morphological identification and ITS identification on two biocontrol microorganisms. The growth rate method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the mixed fermentation broth. In the field experiment in Laiyang of Yantai, the orchards with severe disease were treated with multiple irrigations and spraying of the broth for one year, and the control effect was measured and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as SOD, POD and PAL in apple leaves were determined. The results showed that the mixed fermentation of R. nigrican and T. pseudokoningii significantly improved the antibacterial ability against the pathogenic microorganism A. alternata. The antibacterial activity in vitro showed that the mixed fermentation broth had 66.73% antibacterial effect against A. alternata, which was significantly higher than the single fermentation broth of R. nigrican (51.23%) and T. pseudokoningii (17.28%). The field experiment showed that compared with the control group, the incidence of apple A. alternata leaf spot disease after treatment with the mixed fermentation broth decreased significantly and the relative control effect reached 42.46%. The results of leaf defense enzyme assay showed that the activity of SOD, POD and PAL of apple leaves increased by more than 50% after the treatment with mixed fermentation broth. Therefore, the mixed fermentation broth of R. nigrican and T. pseudokoningii has significantly inhibitory effect on A. alternata, and could effectively control apple A. alternata leaf spot disease and improve its disease resistance. The study lays a foundation for the development of new biological control agents.

  Antagonistic Bacteria Against Korla Fragrant Pear Canker: Screening and Control Effects Gulizige·Manhemuti, Xu Linyun, Li Yan, Han Jian, Yu Fan, Luo Ming 2020, 36 (19):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300180 Abstract + ( 378 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1579KB )   ( 58 ) The antagonistic bacteria with antibacterial activity were screened out, and their disease control effect was determined, so as to provide a basis for the biological control of Korla fragrant pear canker. Bacteria were isolated from various raw materials, including fruit and vegetable enzyme solution and Korla fragrant pear branches. The antibacterial activity of the isolated strains against Korla fragrant pear canker was determined by plate confrontation culture and bacterial fermentation broth, from which the antagonistic strains with significant bacteriostatic effect were selected. The disease control effect was tested by in vitro branch method. Twelve bacterial strains with bacteriostatic activity against V. ceratosperma were screened, and the bacteriostatic rate was 54.72%-86.43%. The results of in vitro branch method showed that the protective control effect of antagonistic bacteria XG-FX22 and G-FX12 isolated from enzyme solution was 77.71% and 65.29%, respectively, and the therapeutic control effect was 66.71% and 66.14%, respectively. Strains G-FX12 and XG-FX22 were identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The results provide a scientific basis for the exploration of biocontrol resources and the effective disease control of Korla fragrant pear canker.

  The Quality Traits of New Wheat Varieties in South Huanghuai Winter-Wheat Region Test During 2016-2018 Based on Grey Relational Analysis Yang Lijuan, Fu Liang, Jiang Zhikai, Wang Shikun, Wei Fang 2020, 36 (19):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500142 Abstract + ( 784 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 123 ) The paper aims to study the quality of wheat lines in test and to select high quality varieties in recent years. Grey relational analysis was conducted to study 5 characters of 20 wheat varieties in 2016-2018 south Huanghuai winter-wheat region test. The results showed that the two-year relational degree and weight coefficient of the 5 characters were both like unit weight>wet gluten content/ water absorption>content of protein>stability time. The comprehensive evaluation indexes of 5 varieties were higher than the contrast in 2017 and those of 10 varieties were higher than the contrast in 2018.The comprehensive evaluation value of ‘Zhengkemai 136’ was the highest in both the 2 years. Whether or not the weight coefficient was taken into consideration, the annual difference of ‘Luomai 26’ was the smallest among all varieties. The grey relational analysis is of certain scientific value in quality traits evaluation, but is restricted by the few evaluation indexes and the rationality of the weight of each index. In the application of varieties, detailed evaluation according the final purpose is essential, and the grey relational analysis on classified quality traits should be conducted to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation.

  Quality Analysis of Wheat Based on Rank Correlation and Cluster Analysis Li Xiaohang, Wang Yinghong 2020, 36 (19):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030110 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 36 ) This study explored the differences in wheat quality in order to provide theoretical support for wheat quality improvement and wheat processing. Using 23 wheat varieties as experimental materials, the quality of wheat were analyzed by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Eight quality indexes such as wheat quality, protein content and stability time were measured, and the relationship among eight quality indexes were studied. The results showed that the variation coefficient of dough stability time was the largest, and its value was 60%. The correlation analysis was carried out after the rank correlation treatment, which could reflect the correlation among the parameters. The correlation coefficient between protein content and wet gluten was 0.8, the correlation coefficient between tensile resistance and stability time was 0.85, the correlation coefficient between ductility and wet gluten was 0.68, and the correlation coefficient between stability time and settlement value was 0.67. The wheat varieties were divided into 5 categories after clustering, and the 15th variety belonged to the first category, the 14th variety belonged to the second category, the 1st, 9th, 16th, and 10th varieties belonged to the third category, the 2nd, 8th, 5th, 21st, 17th, and 18th varieties belonged to the fourth category, and the other varieties were in the fifth category.

  Salinity and Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta): Effects on Liver Histomorphology, Non-specific Immune and Digestive Enzymes Li Peilun, Liu Wei, Wang Jilong, Gao Wenyan, Cui Kangcheng 2020, 36 (19):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030127 Abstract + ( 484 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2639KB )   ( 49 ) The paper aims to study the effects of various salinities on liver histomorphology, non-specific immune and digestive enzymes activities in juvenile Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The Chum salmon was cultured in salinities 0‰, 8‰, 16‰ and 24‰ for 42 days,respectively, we measured the non-specific immune enzyme and digestive enzyme activities by using the liver and digestive tract, and observed the liver structure change under different salinities. The results showed that: the trend of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the liver of juvenile Chum salmon increased first and then decreased with the increase of salinity, but the enzyme activity peaks were different; the alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of salinity, but different salinity treatment groups had no significant effects on acid phosphatase activity (P>0.05); different salinities had complicated effects on various digestive enzymes’ activities in the digestive tract and there was no overall effect between various digestive enzymes; histological observation showed that the liver structure of the salinity group 0‰, 8‰, and 16‰ was normal, while the salinity group 24‰ showed a certain degree of lesions. It is speculated that 8‰-16‰ is the optimal salinity for juvenile Chum salmon with the body weight about 1 g during the catadromous migration period.

  Chinese Softshelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis: Embryonic Development and Embryo Staging Wang Lihua, Zhang Yingping, Ling Chen, Zou Guiwei, Liang Hongwei 2020, 36 (19):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500191 Abstract + ( 536 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1745KB )   ( 107 ) Photographing began on the first day of incubation, from the 7th day, we studied the whole process of embryonic development of Pelodiscus sinensis by continuous anatomical observation, and analyzed the changes in some organs of embryos during incubation. The results showed that: the entire incubation period of Pelodiscus sinensis was 46 days, based on the incubation time, morphological characteristics and the change of internal structure of embryo, we divided the development process of the entire embryo into 26 stages; the stages criteria from the 2nd to the 13th were phased according to the morphological changes of the yolk sac vascular area, eyes, and heart; the stages criteria from the 14th to 26th were mainly based on the changes of the limbs, carapace and plastron. We described the morphological features of each period in detail, and compared typical features of each period corresponding to some detailed pictures. In conclusion, it could shape a more comprehensive understanding of the whole incubation process of Pelodiscus sinensis to describe the key phenotypic characteristics of embryonic development at different stages.

  Black Pearl Production with Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera in Foreign Countries: Research Progress Liang Feilong, Deng Yuewen 2020, 36 (19):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400037 Abstract + ( 295 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 35 ) In order to provide information on the progress of black pearl production with pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in foreign countries, we reviewed the biological characteristics such as taxonomy, morphology, distribution, habitat and ecology, artificial breeding techniques such as natural spat collection, hatchery production water quality parameters, larval food and stocking density, pearl oyster culture such as culture units and methods, and pearl production techniques such as donor oyster selection, preoperative oyster conditioning, season of graft and grafter skill on pearl quality of black-lip pearl oyster P. margaritifera. Research suggestions such as strain breeding, culture methods and seeding techniques were proposed.