Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.2 Published:15 January 2021

  Mixed Seeding of ‘Longke638S’ and Red-hull line ‘XianhuiXK01’ Zeng Jia, Liu Ling, Tan Yanning, Xu Ke, Sun Xuewu, Ouyang Ning, Yuan Guilong, Yuan Dingyang, Duan Meijuan 2021, 37 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300196 Abstract + ( 514 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 89 ) The recessive red hull rice is an ideal genetic tool for hybrid rice seed production. In order to breed new hybrid combinations with high yield and quality which are suitable for mixed seeding, we explored the yield factors on mixed seeding ‘Longke638S’ and the Red-hull line ‘Xianhui XK01’.‘Longke638S’ was used as female parent and red-hull line ‘XianhuiXK01’ as the male parent, based on the orthogonal design method, we designed three factors: the treatment of male parent (throw-planting or unaccelerating germination before sowing), seeding method (mechanized or artificial mixed seeding), parental lines ratio (fixed female/male seed ratio of 6: 1, 9:1, 12:1, 15:1). The plots yield was measured when the seed parents were ripe. The plant laboratory test was conducted by randomly sampling five individual plants in each plot. SPSS and other software were used for data analysis. The results showed that parental lines ratio was the main factor affecting seed yield on the mixed seeding of ‘Longke638S’ and ‘XianhuiXK01’. The optimal parameter was mechanized mixed seeding, parental lines ratio (6:1), and pollen parent seed treated by throw-planting. In this case, the seed production yield was the highest, up to 4157.85 kg/hm2, and the outcrossing rate was 66.8%. In conclusion, the parental lines flowering at the same time and the seed parent has high yield and outcrossing rate, and basically conforms to the requirements of mechanized seed production. This experiment provides data for the seed production of mechanized mixed seeding in the future.

  Effect on Wheat Quality Characters: Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphate Decrement and Organic Manure Application Amount Ma Aiping, Cui Huanhu, Kang Xiuli, Jing Hua, Wang Yuzhi, Zhang Jiancheng 2021, 37 (2):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300188 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 99 ) To explore the relationship between inorganic NP decrement, organic manure application amount and wheat quality characters under non-irrigated field, the effects of inorganic NP decrement and organic manure application amount on wheat quality characters were studied with randomized block design and large-district contrast method. The results showed that the grain (protein content), flour and dough quality were improved with the application amount increase under the treatments of traditional NP application, traditional single N application, NP decrement application and single N decrement application. Among them, traditional NP was better than NP decrement, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality (formation time, stability time) (P<0.05); traditional single N application was better than traditional single P application, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality (P<0.01); single N decrement was better than single P decrement, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour and dough quality (P<0.01); the traditional application and NP decrement applications were better than traditional single N application and single N decrement application with the same N dosage; there was no difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality between traditional single N and single N decrement, traditional single P and single P decrement were same as above. There was a positive correlation between the two kinds of organic manure application amount (x) and grain (protein content), flour, dough quality characters (y); the stability (coefficient of variation) of bulk density was the minimum with inorganic NP and different application amounts of organic manure, but the sedimentation value was the maximum. The study clarified the relationship between inorganic NP decrement, organic manure application amount and wheat quality characters, and analyzed the collaborative improvement technical way of inorganic NP decrement and wheat quality. This research could provide theoretical and technical support for reducing fertilizer application to realize green planting.

  B Mating Locus from Agrocybe aegerita: Structural Analysis Qian Rong, Chen Weimin, Chai Hongmei, Tao Nan, Zhao Yongchang, Chen Yuhui 2021, 37 (2):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300292 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1858KB )   ( 54 ) The aim is to investigate the molecular mechanism of sexual reproduction including mating type switching in Agrocybe aegerita. Homokaryon offspring isolated from Agrocybe aegerita YSG strain was employed in this study. Based on the genome annotation, B mating locus was identified using overlapping primers. Primer pairs for B mating genes were used for amplifying the monokaryotic population, and the amplification spectrum was compared with mating type. The results showed: (1) three types including mycelia, capless and stripe-like fruiting bodies occurred after the cultivation of homokaryon, and the latter two were the abnormal fruiting bodies without going through the sexual reproduction; (2) the amplified spectrum using the primer pairs based on the mating gene sequences showed that the complete B mating locus was inherited into the offspring strains without recombination event occurrence; (3) mating type analysis showed that B mating locus governed the mating behavior, and new mating type was not found. It is inferred that Agrocybe aegerita YSG only contained one B mating locus, which is also different from the three reported sublocus. More fruiting tests and mating loci identification are needed for clarifying whether the differences are caused by the group varieties.

  Effects on 2,3-butanediol Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Strains: Acetoin Addition Zhang Chi, Lv Yuze, Deng Liting, Sun Jian, Ge Jingping 2021, 37 (2):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300177 Abstract + ( 432 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1937KB )   ( 51 ) By studying the fermentation characteristics of strain, we aim at obtaining a good 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) producing strain. Four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae W5/W5-$\Delta$pdc1/W5-$\Delta$pdc5/W141 were used as materials in this study, the yield of acetoin and BDH enzyme activity were detected with HPLC, in order to select the most optimum starting strain for producing 2,3-BD, and the starting strain producing 2,3-BD was added with different concentrations of acetoin, and the changes of acetoin, glucose and 2,3-BD production with fermentation time were determined. The result showed that S. cerevisiae W5/W141 were selected as the optimum strain, the optimum acetoin concentration of S. cerevisiae W5 was 12 g/L, and the concentration of 2,3-BD reached the maximum at 72 h, and it was 2.49 ± 0.02 g/L. The optimum acetoin concentration of S. cerevisiae W141 was 8 g/L, and the concentration of 2,3-BD reached the maximum at 72 h, and it was 1.56 ± 0.04 g/L, the strain grew well after adding acetoin, and the acetoin produced by S. cerevisiae W5/W141 was completely consumed before the end of fermentation, and the glucose produced by S. cerevisiae W5/W141 was almost exhausted at 24 h. This provides an idea for the research and utilization of renewable resources such as 2,3-BD, and also lays a theoretical foundation for S. cerevisiae produces 2,3-BD.

  Morphological and Microscopic Identification of 5 Species Seeds in Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) Fu Li, Zhao Furui, Zheng Xilong, Li Rongtao, Gu Yakun, Wu Yi, Zeng Lin 2021, 37 (2):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300193 Abstract + ( 467 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1965KB )   ( 83 ) The study aims to identify the similarities and differences of seeds between 5 species of Ardisia (A.crenata, A.humilis, A.squamulosa, A.obtusa, A.densilepidotula), and provide reference for the species identification of Ardisia. Five species of Ardisia were used as experimental materials, the morphology, microscopic characteristics and embryo cells arrangement of seeds were identified by stereomicroscope and paraffin section technique. The results show that the A. crenata seed is brown smooth and the outer surface of the endosperm is smooth; the A.humilis seed has a testa with longitudinal texture dense and concave-convex sense, and an outer surface of endosperm which is inlaid with golden yellow powder; the testa of A.obtusa is lighter in color, more sparse longitudinal texture than A. humilis, concave-convex sense, and uneven on the outer surface of endosperm; a seed of A. squamulosa is smaller, a testa with prominence at the junction of the texture and an outer surface of endosperm which is waxy luster and inlaid with golden yellow powder; the A.densilepidotula seed has a red brown testa, with dense texture and thin film, the outer surface of the endosperm is slightly concave-convex and has brown stripes. There is little difference in seed traits between the 5 plants under appearance traits, micromorphology and paraffin section observation results show that there are differences in the morphological characteristics. The study can provide a basis for the further research of Ardisia.

  Heading Cabbage in the Alpine Environment of Northwest Hebei Province: Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Screening of Excellent Varieties Shen Lingyan, Li Shufang, Kang Shaohui, Chen Baogang, Su Yuyuan, Shi Wenwen, Yan Fengqi 2021, 37 (2):  34-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0332 Abstract + ( 452 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 69 ) To enrich vegetable cultivar resource, increase economic value and improve the overall efficiency of vegetable industry in northwest Hebei Province, we observed and identified 41 important agronomic traits of 35 cabbage cultivars under the alpine environmental condition. It is found that there is a significant variation in quality traits, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of quantitative traits ranges from 8.00% to 37.09%. Based on principal components analysis, 19 quantitative traits are classified into 4 factors: yield factors, outer leaf factors, petiole factors, and leafy head factors, and their cumulative contribution rate to the comprehensive performance reaches 84.31%. By phenotype cluster analysis, thirty-five cultivars are divided into 3 characteristics groups, and some cultivars are highly similar. According to comprehensive scoring, 15 excellent cultivars which are suitable for local cultivation and different uses are screened out. The result could lay a foundation for the development of cabbage industry and cabbage breeding under the special conditions in northwest Hebei Province.

  Effects of Solanum nigrum Rootstock with Different Ploidies Grafting on Selenium Accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea Seedlings Hu Rongping, Fan Zhonghan, Chen Qinghua, Liao Huiping, Li Honghao, Chen Song, Lin Lijin 2021, 37 (2):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0285 Abstract + ( 510 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 47 ) The paper aims to study the effects of grafting on the selenium accumulation of fruit tree. The pot experiment was used to study the effects of Solanum nigrum rootstock with different ploidies grafting on the growth and selenium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings, the S. photeinocarpum (diploid), colchicine-induced tetraploid S. photeinocarpum post generation and S. nigrum (hexaploid) were used as rootstocks, and C. betacea was used as scion for grafting. The results showed that the different ploidies of S. nigrum rootstocks increased the total chlorophyll, carotenoid and selenium content of C. betacea seedlings compared with the ungrafted, and the order was: hexaploid rootstock> tetraploid rootstock> diploid rootstock> the ungrafted. The different ploidies of S. nigrum rootstocks also increased the dry weight and selenium accumulation amounts of rootstock stem, scion stem, scion leaf and whole scion of C. betacea seedlings, and the best increasing effect was hexaploid rootstock. Compared with the ungrafted, hexaploid rootstock increased the dry weight, selenium content and selenium accumulation amount of whole scion of C. betacea seedlings by 69.54%, 56.43% and 165.17%, respectively. Therefore, hexaploid as rootstock could be used to promote the growth of C. betacea and increase the selenium accumulation ability of C. betacea.

  Light Supplementary Design of Large Greenhouse Based on Tomato Long-Season Cultivation Model in Zhuhai Bao Shunshu, Liu Qingxin, Wu Yun, Li Sibo 2021, 37 (2):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300184 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 43 ) Large-scale greenhouses in China have developed rapidly and are mainly used for tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables. Due to the lack of systematic light supplement schemes, the yield and benefits are greatly affected. In order to explore a suitable light supplement for large-scale greenhouses in China, it was made an example in Zhuhai to explore the light supplement for long-season cultivation mode of large-scale greenhouse tomatoes in this article. Based on the analysis of natural light data in Zhuhai from 1997 to 2016, and the distribution of natural light in greenhouse and light demand of tomato, the design method of long-term cultivation of tomato in Zhuhai large greenhouse was put forward. When tomatoes are at the vegetative growth and fruit setting stage, appropriate light supplementation should be carried out according to the natural light environment at that time. The light supplementation intensity is 102-166 μmol/m2·s. Natural light has been fully considered, so less artificial light is used to make up for the shortage of natural light. This method can be used as a reference for light supplement design of other greenhouses.

  Rain Garden Plants in the Semi-arid and Semi-humid Region of Northwest China: Application and Suitability Evaluation Yang Yang, Chen Duo 2021, 37 (2):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040029 Abstract + ( 478 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1565KB )   ( 50 ) In order to select the plant species suitable for rain garden in the semi-arid and semi-humid region of northwest China, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign research, we conducted a field survey on the typical rain garden in Xixian New Area located in the semi-arid and semi-humid region of northwest China, and comprehensively evaluated 76 species planted in the rain garden from the aspects of ecological, ornamental and functional characteristics by adopting the analytic hierarchy process, and built the evaluation system from 3 criterion layers and 10 index layers. The results showed that: 4 indexes of rainwater interception ability, stress tolerance ability, florescence color and water purification ability had the greatest influence on the plant selection for rain garden; Ligustrum vicaryi, Melilotus albus, Lythrum salicaria had the best suitability, but Zephyranthes candida, Oxalis corniculata, Sedum lineare were the worst. According to the types and water storage of rain garden, we put forward the plant types suitable for the marginal zone, buffer zone and storage zone respectively, and summarize the principle of plant selection in rain garden as well. The results could provide a basis for plant suitability selection of rain garden in the semi-arid and semi-humid region of northwest China.

  Carbon Sequestration Characteristics of Red Paddy Soil Under Long-term Fertilization Ye Huicai, Li Daming, Hu Zhihua, Hu Dandan, Song Huijie, Wan Changyan, Hu Huiwen, Liu Kailou 2021, 37 (2):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200130 Abstract + ( 465 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 69 ) The study aims to identify the relationship between carbon input and carbon storage/carbon content and yields, and the difference of carbon sequestration efficiency of different fertilization tests under long-term fertilization in red paddy soil. The data of rice yield, soil organic carbon content, soil organic carbon reserves and rice yield under different fertilization for a long time were measured by using the method of continuous monitoring. Results showed that soil organic carbon content of all treatments increased, after 37 years, soil organic carbon content of NPKM was 30.5%, 23.4% and 24.7% higher than that of CK, NPK and NPK2, respectively. The storage of organic carbon increased significantly with the increase of carbon input. The carbon sequestration efficiency of NPK, NPK2 and NPKM treatment was 32.7%, 25.9% and 35.0%, respectively. There was a significantly linear positive correlation between rice yield and soil organic carbon content. Soil carbon content and carbon storage of CK and all fertilization tests were on the rise under double-rice planting mode. Carbon sequestration efficiency was improved significantly when chemical fertilizer was combined with organic fertilizer. There was a significantly positive correlation between organic carbon content and rice yield.

  Different Amendments: Effect on Soil Physical Properties of Newly Reclaimed Land in Low Hilly Region Yan Jianli, Zhang Mingkui, Wang Daoze 2021, 37 (2):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300198 Abstract + ( 377 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 63 ) To fully understand the effect of different amendments on the physical properties of newly cultivated land, a greenhouse culture experiment was carried out on three kinds of newly cultivated land soil with different texture. The effects of 14 amendments, including polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid, bentonite, kaolin, vermiculite, zeolite, diatomite, limestone powder, commercial organic fertilizer, rice straw, Chinese milk vetch, and biochar and peat, on soil structure, water retention and water permeability of the three kinds of soil were compared. The results showed that most of the amendments could improve the soil water stability aggregates, bulk density, saturated water holding capacity, wilting water content, saturated water conductivity and effective water range. And the effect of applying polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid on the physical properties was the most obvious, while the application of peat and commercial organic fertilizer also had a better effect on the physical properties of the soil. Compared with the control, the water stability aggregates of the soil with the application of polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid increased by 42.88%-299.38%, 41.15%-239.69% and 55.39%-207.70%, respectively. The application of peat and commercial organic fertilizer had better improving effects on the soil of newly reclaimed land in low hilly region, the water stability aggregates increased by 31.90%-119.69% and 35.19%-71.05%, respectively. Bentonite, Chinese milk vetch and rice straw could obviously improve the water stability aggregates of sandy soil and loamy soil. The application of kaolin and vermiculite could obviously improve the water stability aggregates of sandy soil, but they had little effect on the water stability aggregates of clay and loamy soil. Biochar had little effect on the content of water stable aggregates, but it could increase the saturated water holding capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and effective water range, and reduce the wilting water content. In general, the organic amendments, such as polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid, peat and commercial organic fertilizer, can effectively improve the overall physical properties of the soil, and are more suitable for being applied to the newly reclaimed land in low hilly regions.

  The Responses of Winter-wheat Yield to Elevated Temperature Varied with Soil Types Zhao Hongfei, Pan Shiqiu, Qiao Yunfa, Gao Yaxiaoling, Miao Shujie 2021, 37 (2):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300181 Abstract + ( 487 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 82 ) The research aimed to reveal the characteristics of winter wheat yield in response to elevated temperature in different soil types. The Free Air Temperature Increased (FATI) was used to mimic elevated temperature during the whole growing season. The soil samples were Phaeozem, Burozem, Aeolian sand soil, Fluvo-aquic soil, Krasnozem and Latosol zone. Results showed that plant height, above-ground biomass, grain number per spike and yield of winter wheat increased by 11.5%, 17.7%, 12.3% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with those of the control treatment. There were different variations in plant height in response to soil types under elevated temperature. The maximal increase of plant height was found in Fluvo-aquic soil, while the minimum was in Aeolian sand soil. Elevated temperature decreased the wheat yield in Phaeozem by 33.3%, while increased that in Aeolian soil and Krasnozem by 44.7% and 43.2% compared with those of the control treatment. This study indicates that the productive potential of wheat differs in different cultivated regions, and the results could provide certain reference for wheat production adaption in different climate regions to future climate change.

  Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Barley in Tibet Major Agricultural Areas Based on the Comprehensive Assessment Index of Drought Disaster Risk Shi Jiqing, Yang Feiyun, Bian Duo, Zhou Kanshe, Gan Chenlong 2021, 37 (2):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200107 Abstract + ( 397 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1964KB )   ( 83 ) To study the spatiotemporal changes of drought of barley in the main agricultural areas of Tibet, the authors took four risk factors, including the danger of drought disaster, the vulnerability of disaster victims, the vulnerability of disaster, and the ability to prevent and mitigate disaster, and adopted the expert score method and entropy weight method, to determine the weight of each factor to construct a comprehensive assessment model for drought risk and analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of drought disaster. The results showed that: the overall risk of drought disasters was generally low in the middle and high on both sides. The distribution of high-risk areas was relatively scattered. The sub-high-risk areas were mostly concentrated in the marginal zones of the study area. The middle-risk areas were distributed with left-sloping H-shape in parts of Lhasa, Shannan, and Linzhi, while the sub-low-risk and low-risk areas were scattered in Jiacha, Suoxian, and Linzhi stations; and the years with higher risk of drought disaster appeared in 1999, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2015. The distribution of drought risk factors for barley in major agricultural areas in Tibet has obvious regional differences and a certain degree of continuity, and the drought trend in the study area and subdivision increases with each year.

  Inversion of Rice Field Temperature Based on Satellite Remote Sensing and Automatic Weather Station Data: Taking Anhui Province as an Example Pema Rigzin, Dekey Yongzom, Sonamlang Yangchen, Lha ba, Zhang Xinlei, Dhonyo Dorji, Tashi Ngodup 2021, 37 (2):  88-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0491 Abstract + ( 565 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1930KB )   ( 116 ) With the global warming and frequent occurrence of high temperature events, the probability of rice being affected by high temperatures increases. Rice field temperature is the foundation for studying the high temperature heat damage and its impact on rice. Therefore, the wide-scale inversion of rice field temperature could help relevant departments set up a wide-range rice field temperature data in a short time and carry out research on rice high temperature heat damage and decision making. In this study, the 8-day synthetic data of MOD09A1 was used to extract rice planting areas in Anhui Province. Then the temperature of the AWS (automatic weather station) in the rice planting area and the four LST values such as MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 were used for multiple stepwise regression. The optimal equation for estimating the maximum and average temperature from remote sensing data was obtained, with the R2 of 0.728 and 0.825, root mean square errors (RSME) of 2.21 and 1.54, and mean absolute errors (MEA) of 1.73 and 1.15, respectively. Finally, the method of inverting rice field air temperature based on satellite remote sensing information and AWS air temperature data was developed. The method was well applied in the extraction of rice planting areas and the inversion of final temperature in Anhui Province in 2017.

  Climatic Suitability Regionalization of Early-Maturing Table Grape in Yunnan Based on GIS Xu Mengying, Zhang Maosong, Zhu Yong, Hu Xueqiong, Xu Zhengfu 2021, 37 (2):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0299 Abstract + ( 520 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 3255KB )   ( 100 ) The aims are to study the climatic suitability of Yunnan early-maturing table grape planting, make full use of climate resources, and find out the suitable planting area for early-maturing table grape. Based on the observation data collected from 125 weather stations in Yunnan between 1981 and 2010, and combined with the climatic conditions needed for precocity of table grape, 3 indicators were screened out, i.e., ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature in May, ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature from January to May and precipitation from April to May. GIS technology was used to divide climate suitability zones precisely for planting early-maturing table grape in Yunnan. The results showed that the most suitable areas covered 1.9% of the entire province, mostly in the dry-hot valley, e.g., Yuanmou, southeastern Yongren, and southern Shuangbai in Chuxiong Prefecture, Binchuan Dam Area in Dali Prefecture, eastern Huaping as well as central and southern Yongsheng in Lijiang City, western Changning in Baoshan City, part of Liuku in Nujiang Prefecture, etc. Moreover, the suitable areas accounted for 8.9%, mostly in northern Honghe, southern Chuxiong, southeastern Kunming, Yuxi, northern Pu'er, southern Dali, eastern Lincang, northern Zhaotong, eastern Baoshan, and so on. Lastly, the semi-suitable and unsuitable areas occupied 27.3% and 61.9% respectively. In this study, Yunnan was zoned into 4 climatic areas for early-maturing table grape planting. Each of the climatic areas was assessed, and corresponding suggestions were put forward for the regional planting of early-maturing table grape and the development of grape industry in Yunnan.

  Climatic Regionalization and Analysis of Facility Agriculture in Chifeng Based on GIS Wang Zhichun 2021, 37 (2):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300194 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1689KB )   ( 86 ) To carry out the construction of facility agriculture and avoid potential risks brought by blind expanding of industrial scale, using the meteorology dataset of 14 stations in Chifeng for the past 30 years (1989-2018), the key meteorological factors affecting facility agriculture were analyzed. Two climatic resource variables, including annual sunshine hours and average minimum temperature in winter, and four meteorological disaster variables, including annual gale days, annual hail frequency, annual snowfall times over 10 mm and days with daily minimum temperature less than or equal to -25℃ in winter, were selected as the major indexes for determining the suitable area for constructing facility agriculture. Based on GIS, using regression analysis and TPS, the author made spatial interpolation of regionalization factors and produced the climatic regionalization map of facility agriculture in Chifeng. The results showed that the suitable area and the sub-suitable area are mainly concentrated in the east-central and southeast of Chifeng, which has low altitude, flat terrain, sufficient heat and light, relatively fewer meteorological disasters, and suitable for the development of facility agriculture. The north and northwest of Chifeng are dominated by mountains and hills, with high altitude, insufficient heat condition and frequent meteorological disasters, which are not suitable for the construction of facility agriculture.

  The Yield Structure Model of Spring Corn Based on Environmental Factors Xu Yixin, Feng Lei, Su Yongxiu, Mo Shenping, Liu Jun 2021, 37 (2):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300217 Abstract + ( 345 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 101 ) The impact of environmental factors on crop yield is one of the important contents of modern agrometeorological research. Establishing a spring corn yield structure model can provide a basis for the scientific production of spring corn. The correlation between environmental factors and yield structure in different growth stages of spring corn in Guigang was analyzed. And multiple linear regression models and BP neural network models with full factors and significant factors were established. The results showed that the growth period that has the greatest impact on the yield structure of spring corn is from jointing to tasseling. The soil water volume and moisture content of 10 cm to 40 cm were the most closely related to the yield structure. The four models of yield structure prediction (R2) comparison showed that the factor model (AF) was superior to the significant factor model (SF).The multiple linear regression (MLR) model was superior to the BP neural network (BPNN) model. The test reported model found that the generalization ability of the MLR model was not as good as that of the BPNN model. Among them, the BPNN_AF model was the most accurate predictor of theoretical yield and ear diameter. The BPNN full factor model (BPNN_AF) can be used as the optimal model for predicting the yield structure of spring corn, it can better capture the non-linear influence law between the crop yield structure and environmental factors, and the prediction results are more reasonable and accurate.

  Insects by Light Trap in Southwest Shandong: Species Investigation and Dominant Population Dynamics Wang Xianghui, Jiao Yuxia, Wang Shengnan, Hui Xianghai, Yan Shuo 2021, 37 (2):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300164 Abstract + ( 438 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 54 ) In order to clarify the insect species and the dominant population dynamics in southwest Shandong, the automatic forecast lamps were set up in Mianfang and Shenzhuang of Zoucheng from May to September, 2019. The trapped insects were identified and the population dynamics of dominant insect species were analyzed. The results revealed that there were 53744 insects in total, which belonged to 56 species, 19 families, and 6 orders. The occurrence period was nearly 180 d, the full occurrence was from mid-June to late August, and the population dynamics of dominant species were analyzed. The investigation of insect species and the analysis of dominant population dynamics will benefit the understanding of the occurrence of insect spests in southwest Shandong and provide references for local agricultural production.

  Rattus norvegicus in Farmhouses in Central Guizhou: Morphological Characteristics Li Mei, Yin Wenshu, Song Zhishu, Yang Zaixue 2021, 37 (2):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200956 Abstract + ( 475 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 531KB )   ( 153 ) Rattus norvegicus is a dominant pest rodent in farmhouses in central Guizhou. The knowledge on the morphological characteristics of R. norvegicus of different age groups and different seasons contribute to the population ecology research of R. norvegicus and the forecast of the population dynamics, which can provide a basis for making control strategy of R. norvegicus. We captured R. norvegicus monthly using snap-trap method from 1986 to 2019 in farmhouses in central Guizhou. A total of 1746 rats were captured during these years. The indices of the morphological characteristics including body weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length were detected, and the indices’ differences among gender, age groups and season were analyzed. The results showed that the body weight of the captured rats was mainly between 30.01 and 160.00 g, accounting for 83.62% of the total population. The number of sub-adult and adult I accounted for 69.76% of the total population. There was no significant difference in body weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length between male and female. Body characteristics among different age groups were greatly significant, and the difference of body characteristics was also found in different seasonal cohorts. The results suggest that the growth rate is equal between male and female rats in the same environment, the body weight and length increase with the age. Seasonal change has certain effects on the growth of R. norvegicus.

  Evaluation on Feeding Value of Sugarcane Bagasse Peng Haifen, He Jiarong, Li Hua, Jin Xiandong, Li Wengui, Huang Bizhi, Qu Kaixing 2021, 37 (2):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200076 Abstract + ( 761 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 83 ) To evaluate the nutritional value of sugarcane bagasse as livestock roughage, the common nutritional components, RFV and GI of sugarcane bagasse were calculated by comparing with the by-products such as Vicia villosa var. glabrescens, Erigeron breviscapus stems, broad bean stems and cooked artichoke petals. The results showed that the crude protein (CP) content of sugarcane bagasse was significantly lower than those of cooked artichoke petals, Vicia villosa var. glabrescens and Erigeron breviscapus stems (P<0.01), also lower than that of broad bean stems (P>0.05); the ether extract (EE) content of sugarcane bagasse was significantly lower than those of Vicia villosa var. glabrescens and Erigeron breviscapus stems (P<0.05), and the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content of sugarcane bagasse were significantly lower than those of the other roughages (P<0.05). Among the five types of roughages, RFV of Vicia villosa var. glabrescens, Erigeron breviscapus stems and cooked artichoke petals was 102.90, 88.62 and 94.75, respectively, obviously lower than that of high-quality silage corn (139.48) (P<0.05), while significantly higher than those of sugarcane bagasse (76.09) and broad bean stems (55.86) (P<0.01); and there was no much difference between sugarcane bagasse (76.09) and rice straw chaff (73.45) (P>0.05). Similarly, the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk net energy (NEL) of Vicia villosa var. glabrescens, Erigeron breviscapus stems and cooked artichoke petals were significantly higher than those of sugarcane bagasse and broad bean stems (P<0.05). In order, the RFVs were as follows: Vicia villosa var. glabrescens > cooked artichoke petals > Erigeron breviscapus stems > sugarcane bagasse > broad bean stems. The GI of Erigeron breviscapus stems with higher CP was prior to Vicia villosa var. glabrescens (P>0.05) and cooked artichoke petals (P<0.05), and the RFV of sugarcane bagasse and broad bean stems were fairly low (P<0.01), indicating lower feeding value of sugarcane bagasse. It is suggested that sugarcane bagasse could be mixed and fermented with other feed types, or puffed for processing feed pellets as roughage resource.

  Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Agricultural Machinery Repairing Enterprises Based on DEA Model Wang Yangguang, Tian Jinming, Tao Jin, Dong Jiefang 2021, 37 (2):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200155 Abstract + ( 268 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 43 ) To comprehensively evaluate the operation of agricultural machinery repairing enterprises, the paper studied technical efficiency of 116 agricultural machinery repairing enterprises with the DEA and text clustering method. Results show that the efficiency of China’s agricultural machinery repairing enterprises is relatively low with an average rate of 0.642, and the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency is 0.736 and 0.880, respectively. The efficiency is different among different enterprise types. From the aspect of forming type,the brand three-package type has the highest technical efficiency, the community convenience type is the next, and the self-guarantee type is the lowest. From the aspect of ability grade of enterprise, the higher the ability grade, the higher the technical efficiency is. To improve the technical efficiency of agricultural machinery enterprises, the paper proposes suggestions as strengthening employee training, expanding business scope, and striving for capital investment.

  The Extension of Deep Side Fertilizing Technology in Rice Production——Take Heilongjiang as an Example Zhou Xuan, Xin Jingshu, Shen Xin, Xu Yang, Fu Guohai, Liu Xin, Nie Qiang, Sun Guodong 2021, 37 (2):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300202 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 75 ) Deep side fertilizing technology in rice production, with the advantages of labor saving, yield increase and fertilizer utilization efficiency improvement, has been chosen as one of the leading technology by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Fully understanding the feasibility and limiting factors of the extension of the technology in rice production in China, and formulating effective extension scheme and supportive policy are important for promoting the technology and for reducing quantity and increasing efficiency of fertilizer utilization. In the study, we discussed the feasibility of promoting the technology from 3 aspects: the experience and enlightenment from abroad, the basis for the technology extension in China, and the advantage of the technology in rice production. Then, we analyzed the limiting factors of the technology extension from the points of production condition difference among regions, increase of production cost and insufficient matching technology, and proposed countermeasures for promoting the technology in China.

  Investigation on Crop Planting Structure Based on the Results of Confirmation and Registration of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management Yi Xiangsheng, Wang Jincai, Zhang Shuyu, Wang Chunxi, Fan Haicheng, Zhang Jie, Li Fengxia, Zhang Jian 2021, 37 (2):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0153 Abstract + ( 306 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1906KB )   ( 51 ) To acquire the information of crop planting structure quickly and conveniently, the Kaizhang Town in the Yongji City of Shanxi Province was selected as the study area. Based on the results of confirmation and registration of the right to rural land contractual management, the information of crop planting structure in the study area was acquired by using the interview survey method. In addition, the accuracy of crop planting structure was tested by the field investigation method. Four conclusions of this research were list as follows. (1) The total area of crops in the Kaizhang Town was 8926.86 hm2. There were 11 crop types in the study area, and the major crops were fruit tree and wheat. The crops in the Kaizhang Town were referred to 39012 contract plots and 9595 peasant households. (2) The crop planting areas were distributed surrounding the villages. The fruit tree was mainly in the northeast of the town, and the wheat was mainly in the south of the town. As for the northwest and southeast of the town, the crops were mainly fruit tree and wheat. (3) The total accuracy of crop planting structure in Kaizhang Town was 92.06%, the accuracy of sorghum, cotton and Chinese medicinal crop was 100%, and the accuracy of fruit tree and wheat was above 90%. In addition, the accuracy of other crops was over 80%. (4) Compared to other methods, such as field investigation, step-by-step statistics, remote sensing, the method for acquiring the information of crop planting structure by using the results of confirmation and registration of the right to rural land contractual management in combination with the interview survey was of relatively simple operation, low cost and high accuracy, which could have a good application prospect. The conclusions from this research could not only provide a scientific basis for improving the crop planting structure in the study area, but also be helpful for planning the agricultural development. The method in this study will become a practical method for acquiring the information of crop planting structure in the future.

  Agro-Ecosystem Service Value of Sichuan Province: An Assessment Xiong Ying 2021, 37 (2):  154-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300195 Abstract + ( 451 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 69 ) Agro-ecosystem service value is related to people’s welfare and lays a solid foundation for the rural ecological revitalization. The research on the agro-ecosystem service value assessment is to provide a basis for strengthening the protection of agro-ecological environment. Taking agro-ecosystem service value of Sichuan Province as a research object, this paper calculated the coefficient of social development stage by combining Peal growth curve model and Engel coefficient based on the equivalent factor method of unit area value, and calculated the value of agro-ecosystem service of Sichuan from 2000 to 2017. The results showed: (1) the agricultural land in Sichuan was dominated by forest land and grass land from 2000 to 2017, the change of agricultural land showed that the area of cultivated land, grass land and water decreased, while the area of garden land and forest land increased; (2) the value of agro-ecosystem service changed significantly from 2000 to 2017 in Sichuan with an increase of 2.79 times, of which the increment of ecological service value of forest land accounted for 73.64% of the total increment; (3) each agro-ecosystem service value sorting remained unchanged from 2000 to 2017 in Sichuan, the values of soil conservation, hydrological regulation and biodiversity maintenance were obviously higher than other functions, accounting for nearly 50% of the total value. By calculating the coefficient of social development stage, the theoretical evaluation value of agro-ecosystem service value was modified, so that the evaluation result can better reflect agro-ecosystem service value in different social development stages.

  Biomass Anaerobic Digestion Technology: Standards Study Yuan Yanwen, Meng Haibo, Yao Zonglu, Luo Juan 2021, 37 (2):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500111 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 69 ) Biomass anaerobic digestion technology is one of the most mature and widely used biomass energy utilization technologies, at present, some construction and production standards have been formulated, but a complete standard system has not been formed, which has affected the development of biomass anaerobic digestion technology industry. Through the analysis of relevant national standards for the development of biomass anaerobic digestion technology in Germany, Canada and the United States, combined with the current situation and market demand of China’s biomass anaerobic digestion technology industry development, China’s biomass anaerobic digestion technical standards system framework is proposed from the perspective of industrial chain. The system is divided into 3 levels: basic standards, general labeling and special standards, according to industry and market demand, relevant recommendations are put forward for standards under formulation in the near future. The standard system is conducive to improving the standard setting and management level of biomass anaerobic digestion technology, reducing duplication and contradiction between standards, providing technical support and theoretical guarantee for the development of biomass anaerobic digestion technology industry.