Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.1 Published:05 January 2021

  Experimental Study on Evapotranspiration and Influence Factors of Winter Sweet Maize in Yuanmou Zhang Lei, Huang Ying, Wang Shupeng, Wang Jie, Cao Yan 2021, 37 (1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300158 Abstract + ( 557 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 117 ) To guide scientific irrigation of sweet maize, the experiment on evapotranspiration and influence factors of fresh sweet maize irrigated by drip irrigation under film was conducted in Yuanmou of Yunnan, based on real-time monitoring of the moisture content and meteorological factors. The results showed that the depth of wetting layer from seedling stage to filling stage increased from 20 cm to 60 cm. The growing season of sweet maize was 117 days and the evapotranspiration was 184.2 mm, the evapotranspiration intensity was 1.6 mm/d under drip irrigation in the whole growth period of sweet maize. The daily evapotranspiration intensity in tasseling stage was the highest, followed by that in filling stage and jointing stage, and that in seedling stage was the smallest. The evapotranspiration of sweet maize was significantly and positively correlated with sunshine duration, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily average temperature, and significantly and negatively correlated with daily relative humidity. In conclusion, the daily evapotranspiration of sweet maize is mainly affected by temperature, sunshine and relative humidity, the critical period of water requirement is tasseling stage and filling stage, and since the growth period of winter sweet maize is longer than others, so supplementary irrigation is needed when the rainfall is limited.

  Temporal and Spatial Changing Characteristics of Rapeseed Production in Sichuan Zhong Yan, Yang Yunfei, Wu Yongcheng 2021, 37 (1):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200106 Abstract + ( 690 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF ( 1745KB )   ( 260 ) By analyzing the temporal and spatial changing of rapeseed production in Sichuan Province in 1988-2017, the paper aims to provide certain references for further stabilizing the planting area and optimizing the regional distribution. Based on the analysis and arrangement of rapeseed production data, the regional distribution and superiority differences were quantitatively calculated by using the method of regional gravity center analysis and the method of comparative advantage index. From 1988 to 2017, there was a positive correlation between the total yield and the planting area of rapeseed in Sichuan Province, and the rapeseed yield increased faster than the planting area, rapeseed production was unevenly distributed among and within regions. The total yield of rapeseed was directly affected by the planting area and the yield per unit area. The production center of rapeseed in Sichuan Province was basically stable from 1988 to 2017, and the main production area of rapeseed migrated from the Chengdu Plain to northeast Sichuan, and expanded to the south of Sichuan. Combining with the analysis results, Sichuan Province should pay attention to rapeseed production layout planning, take full advantage of regional comparative advantages, strengthen the investment of infrastructure construction, promote rapeseed cultivation on a large scale, actively introduce agricultural scientific and technological talents, and popularize the new rapeseed varieties with double-low, high yield, multi-resistance and wide adaptability.

  The Effect of Continuous Sugarbeet Cropping Soil on the Growth of Sugarbeet Seedlings and Analysis of Allelochemical Components Geng Gui, Liu Yu, Li Renren, Yang Ruirui, Lu Zhengyu, Yu Lihua, Wang Yuguang 2021, 37 (1):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0393 Abstract + ( 615 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 125 ) To explore the allelochemical components of sugar beet and reduce the side effects caused by continuous beet cropping, two treatments of fallow soil and continuous cropping soil for one year were set up to explore the effects of different soils on the germination rate, disease rate, plant height and stem thickness of sugar beet seedlings. Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis technology was used, two kinds of soil compounds with significant differences (P<0.05) were initially screened. The results showed that: compared with fallow soil, the germination rate of beet seedlings planted in continuous soil was not significantly affected, but the chance of seedlings infected with blast disease was greatly increased and reached a significant level. In terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh weight above the ground, the difference between planting in fallow soil and planting in continuous soil was significant, but the difference in stem thickness was not significant (P＞0.05). Using mass spectrometry technology, 15 suspected sugar beet allelochemicals were obtained. The allelochemical components in continuous sugar beet cropping soil could have a certain impact on the growth of sugar beet seedlings. The screening and identification of suspected allelochemical components is of significance to alleviating the obstacles to continuous sugar beet cropping and improving the yield and quality of sugar beet.

  The Correlation Analysis of Inorganic N in Rhizosphere Soil and SPAD Value and N Content in Leaves of Tobacco Plants with Different Maturity Mu Chan, Qian Rongqing, Yang Shaocong, Zhang Yanjun, Yao Zhaobing, Li Chengchun, Hu Xuanjiang, Shen Wenzhi, Lin Jiaojiao, Cai Shujiang 2021, 37 (1):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200101 Abstract + ( 397 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 245 ) Using the method of field investigation and laboratory testing, the tobacco plants with different maturity were analyzed in Chengjiang County in Yuxi City of Yunnan Province, 10 to 12 days after the top of flue-cured tobacco was capped. The results showed that the content of inorganic N in rhizosphere soil directly affected the maturity of tobacco plants and the content of total N in leaves, while the content of hydrolyzed N (effective N) in soil had no effect on it. The content of inorganic N in the rhizosphere of normal mature tobacco plants was 52.4-58.8 mg/kg, and the SPAD value of leaves at 5, 10, 15 and 20 leaf-site was 30.6, 39.4, 46.8 and 50.8, respectively, and the total N content of the corresponding leaves was 1.301%, 1.380%, 1.491% and 1.648%, respectively. Before the initial period of leaf harvesting and curing, the SPAD values of leaves at different leaf positions of tobacco plants were significantly and positively correlated with the total N content, N:K ratio and inorganic N content in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants. Therefore, using SPAD-502 Plus chlorophyll analyzer to measure the SPAD value of leaves at each leaf position could quickly estimate the content of inorganic N in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants and the content of total N in leaves, so as to better judge the maturity of tobacco plants and take corresponding field management measures.

  Softwood Cutting Propagation Technology of Pinus thunbergii Ren Fei, Wu Dejun, Li Qinghua, Kong Yuguang, Li Ping, Liu Cuilan, Liu Guoli, Wang Yinhua, Yan Liping 2021, 37 (1):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200111 Abstract + ( 530 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 74 ) To explore the internal and external factors affecting the rooting rate of cuttings of Pinus thunbergii, an orthogonal experiment design of four factors and three levels [L9(34)] was applied to study the effects of kinds, concentration, treatment time of growth regulators and cutting medium on the softwood cuttings of P. thunbergii, and the current year’s softwood of P. thunbergii was used as the material. The results showed that the concentration of growth regulators had a significant effect on the rooting rate of P. thunbergii, but little effect on the number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length. The kinds of growth regulators, treatment time and cutting medium had no significant effect on the rooting rate, the number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length. Among the 9 treatments, treatment No.6 had the highest rooting rate (76.0%), whose number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length were also better than other treatments.

  Effects on Photosynthetic and Resistant Physiological Characteristics of Pinus massoniana Seedlings Under Drought Stress Zhang Jinfeng, Chen Peizhen, Sun Xiaobo, Hu Xingfeng, Ji Kongshu 2021, 37 (1):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100002 Abstract + ( 345 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1521KB )   ( 78 ) The effect of drought on photosynthesis and physiological response of Pinus massoniana seedlings and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. One-year-old P. massoniana seedlings were used as materials, and greenhouse soil potting was used to carry out drought stress treatment. After treatment for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, some indexes were determined to study the effects of continuous drought on the growth of P. massoniana seedlings. The results showed that with the intensification of drought stress degree and the extension of stress time, the seedling root-shoot ratio increased slightly. Under severe stress, the seedling height growth, ground diameter growth and dry matter accumulation decreased by 69.89%, 70.73% and 75.58%, respectively. The activity of peroxides dismutase and peroxidase in P. massoniana seedlings increased at first and then decreased, and reached the peak values of 699.81 and 817.82 U/g, until thirtieth day of medium and severe stress, which increased by 75.57% and 104.01% than normal water supply. At 45 th day, the activity of peroxidase was still high, under severe stress, while the peroxidase content reached a peak of 319.00 U/(g·min), which was 171.88% higher than that of normal watering and showed a significant difference from normal watering. The content of malondialdehyde and proline increased gradually. The index of root-shoot ratio and physiological indicators of malondialdehyde, transpiration rate, stem biomass, stomatal conductance, stomatal conductance and root biomass showed a strong positive correlation (r=1); however, proline had a strong negative correlation with net photosynthetic rate (r=-1). P. massoniana seedlings resisted drought stress by adjusting growth and biomass distribution. Transpiration and photosynthesis were weakened by water deficit. In the early stage of drought, antioxidant enzyme activity was rapidly increased to protect the peroxidation damage of seedlings. In the middle and later stages, osmotic substances were added to maintain the osmotic pressure in cells to alleviate the membrane damage. P. massoniana restricted and coordinated various tissues and organs to deal with drought stress by adjusting photosynthesis and the related physiological mechanism.

  Seedling Growth Variation and Selection of Half Sib Toona ciliata Families Peng Jian, Wang Shushan, Xiao Xingcui, He Zhiran, Yang Binhao, Zhang Xinye 2021, 37 (1):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200119 Abstract + ( 388 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 38 ) To provide reference for the selection of fine families at seedling stage and the subsequent breeding of improved varieties, twenty one half sib Toona ciliata families from 5 regions in Hubei and Hunan were used as the research materials, the container seedling of different families was carried out in Luxian, Sichuan, an experimental base of Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences. The seedling growth comparison and excellent family selection were conducted based on the observation and analysis of 1-year-old seedling height and ground diameter. The variation range of seedling height and ground diameter was 14.33-55.50 cm and 3.03-6.64 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in seedling height and ground diameter between different families, which had a good basis for family selection. The variation coefficient of seedling height and ground diameter of most families was less than 15%, and the growth of seedlings was more uniform, which was beneficial to the selection and utilization of families in the future. Among the 21 families, ‘Lichuan 17’ had the best growth, the highest seedling height and ground diameter, the seedling height and ground diameter were 51.90 cm and 6.26 mm, respectively, the genetic gains were 43.08% and 22.61%, respectively. The heritability of seedling height and ground diameter of 21 families was 0.952 and 0.839, respectively. Three superior families, ‘Lichuan 17’, ‘Xuan’en 10’ and ‘Xuan’en 20’, were selected with seedling height as the main factor, and ground diameter as the auxiliary factor. The selection rate was 14.29%, and the average genetic gains of seedling height and ground diameter were 30.99% and 18.27%, respectively. The three selected families had a large selection difference, low selection rate and high genetic gain, which could provide references for the follow-up breeding.

  The Branching Characteristics of ‘Changlin’ Varieties in Camellia oleifera Cao Yongqing, Yao Xiaohua, Ren Huadong, Wang Kailiang 2021, 37 (1):  45-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200146 Abstract + ( 757 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 246 ) To clarify the branching characteristics of ‘Changlin’ varieties in Camellia oleifera, six years old trees from eight varieties were selected to investigate the branching number, length of shoot and new leaf ratio of different parts of canopy. The results showed that dramatic difference was found among different parts of canopy in branching number, length of shoot and new leaf ratio. And the branching number, length of shoot and new leaf ratio in the outer canopy were significantly higher than that in inner canopy. The lowest branching number in inner canopy was found in variety ‘Changlin 18’ and ‘Changlin 23’, while the highest branching number was found in variety ‘Changlin 3’ and ‘Changlin 53’. The variety ‘Changlin 21’ had the longest spring shoot, while the average length of spring shoot was the lowest in variety ‘Changlin 3’. In addition, the highest new leaf ratio in inner canopy was found in variety ‘Changlin 53’ and ‘Changlin 166’, while the variety ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 23’ showed the lowest new leaf ratio in inner canopy. The 8 tested ‘Changlin’ varieties could be divided into 3 types depending on their branching characteristics, which were ‘Changlin 18’ and ‘Changlin 21’, ‘Changlin 53’ and ‘Changlin 166’, and ‘Changlin 3’, ‘Changlin 4’, ‘Changlin 23’ and ‘Changlin 40’, respectively.

  Active Components Analysis of Fruiting Body and Spore Powder of Ganoderma lingzhi at Different Growth Stages Li Qinyan, Zhong Yingying, Li Zhong, Xiao Zitian, Gu Peizong, He Huanqing, Zhong Xiaoyun, Peng Yangyang 2021, 37 (1):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200120 Abstract + ( 770 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1388KB )   ( 254 ) The paper aims to determine the active components of fruiting body and spore powder of Ganoderma lingzhi at different growth stages to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal harvest time of the fruiting body and spore powder, and reference for consumers to choose related products of G. lingzhi. The fruiting bodies of four different growth periods and spore powders of three different collection periods of Meizhou local main variety ‘Meiling1’ were sampled, and the active components such as polysaccharides, triterpenes and sterols, adenosine, protein and fat were tested and compared. The results showed that among fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi, the content of polysaccharides, triterpenes and sterols, protein, and fat were the highest at button stage, which was 0.65%, 2.2 g/100 g, 25 g/100 g, and 3.1 g/100 g, respectively. The content of polysaccharides, triterpenes and sterols, protein and fat in the fruiting bodies at mature fruit body stage were higher than those at after spores harvest stage, but the content of adenosine gradually increased as the fruiting bodies matured (from below 10 mg/kg to 99.2 mg/kg). Compared with the fruiting bodies, there was no significant difference in the content of active components in spore powders collected at different periods, with polysaccharide content of 0.7%-0.85%, triterpene and sterol content of 12.2-14.0 g/100 g, adenosine content of 156-214 mg/kg, protein content of 16.1-16.6 g/100 g, fat content of 31.7-34.2 g/100 g. Among them, the first stage spore powder had the highest fat content (34.2 g/100 g), the second stage spore powder had the highest content of polysaccharide and adenosine (0.85% and 214 mg/kg, respectively), the 40-day full stage spore powder had the highest content of triterpenes and sterols (13.5 g/100 g). Under this experiment condition, the content of active components in fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi is high at button stage and could be used, the content of polysaccharides and proteins in fruiting bodies decrease after spores harvest stage, and there is no difference in the content of triterpenes and sterols. So, the best harvest period of fruiting body is before bomb powder. There is no difference in the content of active components in first stage spore powder, second stage spore powder, and 40-day full stage spore powder. The content of active components in spore powder (broken wall) is significantly higher than that in fruiting bodies, and consumers could purchase products according to actual needs.

  Asparagus officinalis Germplasm Resources and Breeding Technology: Research Progress Liu Qiqi, Qu Huaxiang, Yu Gehui, Yu Baipeng, Zhang Yueping 2021, 37 (1):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0276 Abstract + ( 622 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1170KB )   ( 94 ) This article briefly describes the introduction of domestic Asparagus officinalis germplasm resources in recent years, the agronomic characteristics of different A. officinalis germplasm resources and their adaptability in different ecological regions. The progress of main breeding techniques of A. officinalis was summarized, including selected breeding, cross breeding, polyploid breeding, all-male breeding and molecular marker assisted breeding. The future focus of A. officinalis breeding and resource innovation should be the breakthrough in 2 aspects of strengthening the A. officinalis germplasm resources introduction and innovation and carrying out diversified breeding of new varieties with efficient stem blight resistance, high quality and high-active ingredients.

  Establishment and Optimization of SSR-PCR Reaction System of Apple Plants Liu Lin, Sun Xiaoshuai, Li Qian, Fan Shuchen, Shi Hongdi, Ma Jun, Liu Dandan 2021, 37 (1):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100068 Abstract + ( 528 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2132KB )   ( 96 ) To establish an optimal SSR-PCR system for apple plants, the L16(45) orthogonal test and the annealing temperature gradient experiment were used to analyze the effect of template concentration, primer concentration, Mg2+concentration, dNTPs concentration and Top Taq enzyme concentration in the SSR reaction system on the amplification products. Additionally, the above five factors were screened and optimized at 4 different levels. The results showed that the primer concentration factor had the greatest impact on the SSR-PCR reaction system. Though analysis, the optimal reaction system of 25 μL for SSR-PCR was finally determined to be as follows: 30-60 ng DNA template, 1.2 μL forward and reverse primer (5 μmol/L), 0.5 μL dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L), 0.5 μL Top Taq enzyme (2.5 U/μL) and 2.5 μL 10×Top Taq buffer (containing Mg2+). Finally, optimized reaction system was used for PCR amplification using 21 different apple plants, and the amplification products were about 100-200 bp displaying 2-3 alleles. The optimal SSR-PCR reaction system can provide a preliminary basis for the genetic variation research and molecular identification of genetic relationships in different populations of apple plants.

  Heat-Tolerance Evaluation of 6 Kinds of Crassulaceae Succulent Plants Under Brief Exposure to High Temperature Stress Wu Wei, Hu Jinfeng, Chen Feng, Wang Jun, Wang Changfang 2021, 37 (1):  67-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300172 Abstract + ( 407 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 57 ) The heat-tolerance of 6 kinds of Crassulaceae succulent plants was studied. The relative electrical conductivity combined with Logistic equation was applied to evaluate their heat-tolerance after brief exposure to high temperature. Results indicated that the relative electrical conductivity of these tested Crassulaceae succulent plants increased gradually when the temperature rose. And the incidence of the relative electrical conductivity with temperature fitted into the curve of “S”. Semi-lethal temperature (LT50) of these tested plants ranged from 53.17℃ to 61.68℃. Based on LT50 values, the heat-tolerance of the six tested Crassulaceae succulent plants from high to low in sequence was Aeonium arboretum ‘Zwartkop’, Kalanchoe tetraphylla, Sempervivum tectorum ‘Oddity’, Echeveria ‘Rasberry Ice’, Cotyledon orbiculata ‘Oophylla’ and Sedum pachyphyllum ‘Rose’.

  The Development Mode and Path of Eco-circular Agriculture in Agro-pastoral Transition Zone in Northern China: A Case of the Utilization Mode of Farming and Breeding Waste in Chengde, Hebei Chen Baixu, Wang Ligang, Zhang Mengxuan, Gai Hao, Zhou Ying 2021, 37 (1):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200153 Abstract + ( 630 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1750KB )   ( 129 ) It is of great importance to promote the transformation of agricultural ecology and the continuous improvement of living environment in China by utilizing agricultural waste resources. On the basis of sorting out the situation and main problems of waste resource utilization in Chengde by inductive deduction method, this paper makes an empirical analysis and puts forward countermeasures. According to the research, there are still big problems in the utilization of agricultural waste resources in Chengde, such as the utilization rate of waste resources is low, the social attention is low, and the ecological transformation technology is not yet mature. Based on the analysis of the above problems, countermeasures are put forward, including overall planning and implementing of relevant policies and regulations; strengthening the research on key issues and achieving the coordination between enterprises, universities and research institutes; adopting incentive and compensation approaches to mobilize the participation and enthusiasm of all sectors of society in the utilization of resources; accelerating the transformation of ecological agriculture by improving the combination of planting and breeding, and creating a balance between waste supply and demand, thus building a market for resource utilization and integrating the development of related industries.

  The Interaction of Selenium and Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere Soil: Research Progress Ni Gang, Hu Chengxiao, Li Changyin, Cai Miaomiao, Zhao Xiaohu 2021, 37 (1):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300166 Abstract + ( 436 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 140 ) The interaction and mechanism of selenium and heavy metals in the rhizosphere environment were summarized, the main forms and influencing factors of selenium and heavy metals in the rhizosphere were clarified, and the effects of the rhizosphere environment on the selenium and heavy metals were discussed. Direct interaction between selenium and heavy metals and indirect interaction between them through environmental factors such as iron plaque, soil solid phase, Eh, pH, rhizosphere microorganism, and root exudates were described in detail, and the physical and chemical factors of soil causing the change of morphological transformation and content of selenium and heavy metals in the rhizosphere were analyzed. On this basis, it is pointed out that the research on the interaction between selenium and heavy metals in soil should focus on the rhizosphere environment, and the role of root exudates and rhizosphere microbial community structure characteristics in the interaction between selenium and heavy metals should be studied by combining techniques such as chromatography and high-throughput sequencing. At the same time, it is suggested that applying the research results of the interaction between selenium and heavy metals to the heavy metals contaminated farmland will not only expand the application of selenium in the agricultural ecological environment but also provide new methods for the green restoration of heavy metal contaminated farmland.

  Effects of Chinese Medicine Residue Compost on Tomato Greenhouse Soils with High Nutrient Concentrations Wang Guangfei, Guo Dejie, Ma Yan, Luo Jia 2021, 37 (1):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200110 Abstract + ( 463 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 96 ) The paper aims to explore the suitable organic fertilizer for eutrophic greenhouse soils. A field experiment was carried out in a solar greenhouse with high nutrient concentrations to study the effects of different dosages of Chinese medicine residue compost (CMR) instead of farm manure on soil properties and tomato yield. CMR application increased soil pH and significantly decreased electrical conductivity by 168.3-268.7 μS/cm, nitrate N content by 116.6-184.9 mg/kg and available K content by 87.0-128.3 mg/kg. CMR applied at dosages of 30 and 45 t/hm2 was more effective than that of 60 t/hm2. With increasing CMR dosage, the decreasing effect on fungal abundance gradually strengthened but the increasing effect on bacterial abundance weakened gradually. CMR applied at a dosage of 30 t/hm2 significantly increased the bacterial abundance and applied at a dosage of 60 t/hm2 significantly decreased the fungal abundance. In addition, CMR application had inhibitory effect on urease, invertase and phosphatase activities. Substrate utilization profiles of soil microbial community showed that CMR application could increase soil microbial activity and diversity. CMR applied at a dosage of 45 t/hm2 significantly increased microbial activity and applied at dosages of 45 and 60 t/hm2 significantly increased microbial diversity. CMR dosage correlated with the yield-increasing effect in an inverted U-shaped curve, with the optimal dosage of 45 t/hm2. Principal component analysis indicated that CMR could reduce soil salt and nutrient content and improve soil microbial properties, thus effectively increase the yield. CMR applied at a dosage of 45 t/hm2 has the best yield-increasing effect because of its best improving effect on soil chemical and microbial properties.

  Matrix Utilization of Livestock Manure: Research Progress of Typical Technology Models Yao Li, Xin Shurong, Zhao Zichao 2021, 37 (1):  90-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0091 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 214 ) To solve some key problems in the matrix utilization of livestock manure such as the undefined characteristics of manure or inexhaustive studies on matrix use, and to increase innovation support and industrialization development of the matrix utilization of livestock manure, we analyzed the nutrients characteristics and physicochemical properties of all kinds of livestock manures in China, and summarized the typical methods and application effect of soilless culture and nursery matrix using livestock manure transformation through the methods of aerobic composting, simplified or anaerobic fermentation, livestock trans-abdominal treatment in this study. The analysis results indicated that matrix utilization was an important method to implement the high-value production of livestock manure management. Therefore, we suggested the standard system for matrix utilization of agricultural waste should be established, to promote the high standard development of biological matrix, enhance the utilization efficiency and additional value of livestock manure and reduce the cost of soilless cultivation.

  Soil Fertility Evolution Characteristics in Main Eucalyptus Producing Areas of Guangxi: 1993-2018 Tang Jian, Zhao Junyu, Qin Zuoyu, Wang Huili, Qin Qiyun, Zhao Zehong 2021, 37 (1):  94-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200114 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 60 ) To explore the characteristics of soil fertility evolution of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi under long-term intensive management, and formulate a reasonable management method of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi, the soil fertility quality of eucalyptus plantation from 1993 to 2018 was evaluated by means of fuzzy mathematics with soil chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The results showed that the soil pH of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi decreased from 4.83 to 4.63, a decrease of 4.14%. The contents of soil organic matter, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available potassium all showed a significant decreasing trend. The soil fertility quality index (IFI) was between 0.475 and 0.613, and the overall fertility index was low. The soil of eucalyptus plantation showed a trend of acidification under long-term continuous planting during 1993-2018. In actual production, we should pay more attention to soil improvement, advocate soil testing and reasonable fertilization, reduce the use of acid fertilizer, increase the application of organic fertilizer and slow release fertilizer, and ensure the ecological health and sustainable development of eucalyptus plantation.

  Effect of Different Passivation Materials on Arsenic in Farmland Soil Huang Anlin, Liu Guihua, Chai Guanqun, Fan Chengwu, Fu Guohua, Qin Song 2021, 37 (1):  100-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200152 Abstract + ( 707 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 56 ) Different ratios of passivation materials were added to the arsenic contaminated farmland soil in Karst area of Guizhou to evaluate their effectiveness of immobilizing arsenic, aiming to provide references for the remediation of contaminated farmland soil. The effects of passivation agents on soil pH, effective As and passivation rate were analyzed by adding 12 passivation agents of different proportions. Iron ore powder, steel slag and coal cinder in the 6 inorganic passivation materials could effectively reduce the content of effective state As in the farmland soil. Applying coal cinder had the best effect and could reduce the soil pH by 0.01-0.16 units. The passivation rate of different additions was 34.58%-56.33%. Among the 6 organic materials, the content of As in the soil with humus increased first and then decreased, and the soil pH did not change significantly. The passivation rate of different additions reached 40.96%-44.08%. Thus, iron ore powder, steel slag, coal slag and humus could reduce the soil pH and stabilize the bioavailability of As in the farmland soil, considering the material input cost, steel slag and coal slag are more suitable for remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil.

  Analysis and Prediction of Land Resources Carrying Capacity of Guiyang City from 1998 to 2018 Dai Lei, Wang Zhijie, Zhang Wansheng 2021, 37 (1):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0316 Abstract + ( 416 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1445KB )   ( 93 ) To reveal and predict the time dynamics of land resources carrying capacity of karst mountain city Guiyang under the background of rapid urbanization and ecological construction, based on the carrying capacity of cultivated land, ecological carrying capacity and social-economic carrying capacity, the authors used the entropy weight method to evaluate the carrying capacity of land resources of Guiyang from 1998 to 2018, and introduced the obstacle degree model to get the obstacle factors of land resource carrying capacity and forecast the development trend of land resources carrying capacity in the future decade. The results showed that: from 1998 to 2018, the bearing capacity of land resources of Guiyang gradually increased from 0.1809 in 1998 to 0.8908 in 2018, with an average annual growth of 0.0338 and the state of crisis was transformed into a state of prosperity. The contribution degree of each subsystem to the land resources carrying capacity of Guiyang was different, and the contribution of different subsystems was different in diverse time periods. Before 2005, the main contribution was from cultivated land bearing capacity, and after 2005 the social-economic carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity became dominant. The green rate, the number of employed population and the investment density of fixed assets in urban built-up areas were the direct obstacle factors of the land resources carrying capacity of Guiyang, and the per capita grain output, per capita water resources and population density were the potential obstacle factors. In the future decade, the land resources carrying capacity of Guiyang will continue to increase and become rich. The research provides a scientific basis for the construction and protection of ecological environment, the sustainable development of social economy and the spatial planning of land resources in Guiyang.

  Impact of Natural Disasters on Maize Yield and Analysis of Meteorological Factors in Western Inner Mongolia Qiu Pengcheng, Du Yongchun, Chang Guoyou 2021, 37 (1):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200910 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 122 ) To clarify the impact of severe weather on maize production in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the impact of meteorological disasters on crop yield was analyzed based on the natural disaster situation, maize planting area, unit yield and total output from 2005 to 2017. The results showed that the area affected by drought accounted for more than 70%, the frequency was the highest and the impact was the greatest, and the drought resulted in the lowest maize yield level in 2009. The climatic condition of 23 meteorological stations in four cities of western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were studied, during the maize growing season from May to September, the temperature, precipitation and wind speed and other meteorological factors were basically the same among the stations, and the precipitation was mainly concentrated in July and August. The wind speed in Hohhot was relatively low. Comparing the probability of yield reduction in each city, Bayannaoer had less precipitation, the average yield reduction in the disaster year was relatively high, and it was affected by climate fluctuation more, but the city’s irrigation ratio was high, the variation coefficient of maize yield was the lowest and the yield stability was good. Hohhot had the highest average yield reduction during the disaster years and the highest yield variation coefficient of per unit area, large yield fluctuation, and poor yield stability. From the perspective of the collection and utilization of maize germplasm resources, improving the stress resistance of bred maize varieties are effective means to mitigate the loss caused by natural disasters and meteorological risks.

  Apricot Initial Flowering Period and Meteorological Factors of Kashi, Xinjiang: Correlation and Predication Kerimu Abasi, Nu`erpatiman Maimaitireyimu, Meng Fanxue, Patiman Abuduaini, Zhang Qin 2021, 37 (1):  121-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200099 Abstract + ( 19018 )   HTML ( 4708 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 25370 ) Based on the observation of the apricot tree phenology and the daily average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours of the corresponding period in Kashi City, and Yecheng, Shache, Bachu and Maigaiti County of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang, the relationship between the beginning of apricot flowering and meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that among the various meteorological factors, the lowest temperature has the greatest impact on flowering, followed by the average temperature and sunlight, and the precipitation and other meteorological factors have less influence. The temperature in the study area is positively correlated to the flowering period of the apricot tree. From 1984 to 2019, the minimum temperature and average temperature increase in Kashi from late February to late March was 0.2-1.7℃/10 years. The apricot flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering was ahead of time by 5.3 to 8.7, 3.1 to 5.6, and 2.2 to 3.6 d/10 a, respectively. In apricot flowering period forecasting service, the daily average temperature of north, south and east of Kashi passed through ≥0℃ from day 1 to 34, day 39 to 41, day 37 to 39, or the accumulated temperature passed ≥0℃ before flowering reaching 250, 270-280, and 250-270℃, respectively, or the sliding average temperature of 5 days before the beginning of flowering passed≥12℃ could be used as the basis for predicting the beginning of apricot tree flowering.

  Technologies of Reducing Pesticide Application Amount in the Whole Process of Rice Diseases, Pests and Weeds Control Si Zhaosheng, Song Xiandong, Gong Xiangyu, Li Peng, Zhao Tongzhi 2021, 37 (1):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300178 Abstract + ( 343 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 110 ) In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies of reducing pesticide application amount in the whole process of rice diseases, pests and weeds control were compared. Three pesticide reduction schemes were designed, including non-chemical green control technology, chemical agent and chemical agent reduction plus additives. In scheme I, the total chemical dosage was 6450 mL/hm2, and the proportion of herbicide in the field was 97.7%. In scheme II, the total chemical dosage was 8285.55 mL/hm2, and the proportion of herbicide was 62%. In scheme III, the chemical dosage was 6616.05 mL/hm2, and the proportion of herbicide was 36.7%. The application times of scheme I were 4 times less than those of scheme II and scheme III, and the chemical dosage was 1835.55 mL/hm2 and 166.05 mL/hm2 less than those of scheme II and scheme III, with a reduction of 22.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Compared with scheme II, the dosage of chemical agent in scheme III was reduced by 1669.5 mL/hm2. In terms of pesticide reduction and control effect, scheme I and scheme III achieved the expected result. Scheme I could control rice leaf miner and rice stem borer with biological measures, and its control effect was slightly higher than that of the other two schemes.

  Investigation and Regional Difference Analysis of Spring Weed Community in Major Tea Areas of Guangdong Lin Weipeng, Zheng Hai, Zhang Taijie, Gao Liyang, Ling Caijin, Zhou Qiaoyi, Chen Pengcheng, Lai Ronghui, Liu Shumei, Zhong Yonghui, Gu Yanxia 2021, 37 (1):  138-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0191 Abstract + ( 433 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1546KB )   ( 83 ) The paper aims to reveal the basic situation of spring weeds in Guangdong tea gardens. From March to May 2020, the weed communities in 620 plots of 31 tea gardens in eastern, western and northern of Guangdong Province were investigated. Seven-level visual observation method was used to record the weed species and growth dominance grade. A total of 313 species of weeds were found. There were 126 species of weeds with a frequency more than 10%, including 23 species of Compositae, 12 species of Gramineae, 8 species of Rubiaceae, 7 species of Rosaceae, 6 species of Labiatae, 5 species of Polygonaceae and 4 species of Leguminosae. The above 7 families contain 65 species of weeds, accounting for 51.5% of the 126 kinds of weed species. The top 10 weed species in the frequency of occurrence were Erigeron canadensis (83.87%), Smilax china (80.65%), Commelina communis (77.42%), Centella asiatica (74.19%), Crassocephalum crepidioides (74.19%), Oxalis corniculata (74.19%), Melastoma dodecandrum (70.97%), Bidens pilosa (70.97%), Viola inconspicua (67.74%), and Emilia sonchifolia (67.74%). The top 10 weed species in terms of growth dominance were Erigeron canadensis (17.42%), Bidens bipinnata (17.19%), Commelina communis (17.10%), Oxalis corniculata (15.11%), Praxelis clematidea (12.58%), Imperata cylindrica (12.19%), Crassocephalum crepidioides (12.06%), Spermacoce alata (10.90%), Oxalis corymbosa (10.65%) and Melastoma dodecandrum (9.81%). There were significant differences in dominant weed species among tea areas in eastern, western and northern of Guangdong. The preponderant weed species in eastern Guangdong were Bidens pilosa, Erigeron canadensis and Microlepia hancei; in western Guangdong were Commelina communis, Praxelis clematidea, Mikania micrantha and Spermacoce alata; in northern Guangdong were Erigeron canadensis, Rubus rosifolius and Imperata cylindrica. This survey preliminarily identified main weed species in spring in different tea areas of Guangdong Province, which would provide data support for the formulation of weed control plans.

  The Method of Literature Retrieval via Biliometric Analysis:Taking Soil Ammonia Volatilization as an Example Wu Hanqing, Zhang Baogui, Wang Xuexia, Cao Bing, Chen Lijuan, Liu Jie, Chen Yanhua 2021, 37 (1):  147-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0202 Abstract + ( 352 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2505KB )   ( 67 ) Based on the Web of Science core collection database, the study used the R-bibliometrix package for literature biliometric analysis such as keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-word analysis and high cited publications analysis taking soil ammonia volatilization as an example, and explored a practical method of literature retrieval by using literature biliometric analysis so as to quickly find key literatures that are closely related to research topics in a huge literature database. The results showed the number of retrieved literatures was 3573 (a large number) and the majority of the Top 10 highly cited publications had little to do with soil ammonia volatilization after first literature retrieval via entering a few easy-to-think keywords like soil ammonia volatilization. Then the first retrieved literature data was biliometric analyzed to get keyword co-occurrence network map, keywords conceptual structure map and Top 10 highly cited publications. According to the above-mentioned results, we screened and eliminated the inconsequential keywords, and then refined search for the second literature retrieval. After performing the process twice, the number of retrieved literatures had dropped to 160, among which the Top 10 highly cited publications were closely related to the research topic. And then we hypothesized that the key literatures about the relationships between soil NH3 volatilization and water, temperature, management needed to be accurately retrieved. The results by using the above-mentioned method demonstrated that only 26, 20, and 28 related literatures were retrieved, respectively. Therefore, the feasibility of the method was verified. Consequently, the method of literature retrieval by using literature biliometric analysis is feasible to accurately retrieve key literatures. Furthermore, the method of literature retrieval by using R-biliometrix tool based on big data could help researchers retrieve key literatures, find scientific gaps, determine scientific problems, and obtain scientific research ideas and solutions.

  Bibliometrics Analysis of Nitrogen Deposition Knowledge Based on CiteSpace Cheng Zhichao, Wang Wenhao, Li Mengsha, Sui Xin, Yin Weiping, Li Guofu 2021, 37 (1):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200131 Abstract + ( 427 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2844KB )   ( 75 ) The paper aims to analyze the current research status of nitrogen deposition in China, summarize the key points and weaknesses of current research, and provide data reference for scientific researchers. This article used ‘nitrogen deposition’ as the key word and the time span was 2009-2019. We obtained 754 related literatures from the CNKI database, and used CiteSpace knowledge map analysis tools to conduct visual analysis of keywords, authors and institutions about nitrogen deposition research progress, development trends and project funding. The results are as follows: (1) nitrogen deposition research has undergone a rapid growth to stable development stage; (2) the research field of nitrogen deposition is mainly around nitrogen deposition, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, soil respiration, nitrogen addition, wet deposition, etc.; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences are the main research institutions; (4) associate professor Tu Lihua from the College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University has the most publications in the field; (5) Acta Ecologica Sinica is the journal with the most articles on nitrogen deposition; (6) National Nature Science Foundation of China has funded the most projects on nitrogen deposition research.