Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.36 Published:25 December 2020

  Rice Variety ‘Jindao 12’: High-efficiency Cultivation Integration Technique Wang Guangyuan, Wang Guopeng, Mei Qing, Yuan Xiangmei 2020, 36 (36):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300159 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 67 ) To realize the target of high yield, fine quality, high efficiency, eco-friendly and safe rice production in Shanxi, and promote the development of rice industry, the authors selected ‘Jindao 12’ as the test material, analyzed the effects of different fertilization schemes and water management on its agronomic characters with the randomized blocks design. The results showed that different transplanting densities and ratios of topdressing had no significant effect on the growth process of rice, while they had certain effect on the yield trait. When the ratio of topdressing was A2, the yield increasing benefit was the best. In addition, the yield increasing effect was also the best when the ratio of topdressing, transplanting density, fertilization was A2, D1, N3, respectively. Under the treatment of transplanting density D1, ratio of topdressing A2 and fertilization N3, the irrigation method was further optimized and the new integrated mode could increase the yield by 17.9%. Based on the above experimental results, the study proposed a new cultivation mode of high-yield and high-efficiency for ‘Jindao 12’, which had the advantages of water saving, quality improving and resistance enhancing. This study could provide a foundation for further research on rice cultivation technique.

  Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer on Wheat Yield Wang Jiabao, Sun Yixiang, Li Hongying, Yuan Manman, Wu Gang, Zhang Xiangming, Hu Run, Hu Chenggeng 2020, 36 (36):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100021 Abstract + ( 547 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 90 ) To verify the effect of commercial organic fertilizer on wheat yield after partial substitution of chemical fertilizer, and to determine the optimal ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, this experiment used the method of field trials, using commercial bio-organic fertilizer as material, to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer usage and partial substitution of chemical fertilizers on wheat growth, yield and yield components. The results showed that the yield of wheat increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizer. When the application amount was 5636.5 kg/hm2, the yield was 7800.6 kg/hm2. Under the condition of equal nutrients, the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of individual wheat plant, and the replacement of 17%-34% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could increase the yield by 11.3%-11.8%, compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer. On the basis of applying 1500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer, reducing chemical fertilizer application by 34%, the yield of wheat was 7542.0 kg/hm2, which was increased by 11.8% compared with that of chemical fertilizer alone. The yield difference between 34% and 17% reduction of chemical fertilizer was not significant, because the application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase the effective ear, the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1000 grains. In this experiment, the application of 5600 kg/hm2commercial bio-organic fertilizer and substituting 20%-30% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence of wheat Sclerotinia, improve the yield structure of wheat and increase the yield.

  Maize Growth and Development and Yield Formation Under Different Planting Patterns Ge Xuanliang, Qian Chunrong, Yu Yang, Gong Xiujie, Jiang Yubo 2020, 36 (36):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0030 Abstract + ( 541 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1146KB )   ( 89 ) To study the differences of maize growth and yield formation under different planting patterns, the maize variety‘Jingnongke728’was used as material, and three planting patterns were set up, including 65 cm even ridge (CK), 68 cm even tillage (M1) and 136 cm double lines width ridge (M2). The seedling quality, plant morphology, photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield factors were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the CK, the seedling density of M2 increased obviously, the plant distance of M2 decreased significantly, and the variation coefficient was lower. The plant height, ear position, leaf area index and dry weight per plant of M2 decreased by 12.61%, 11.21%, 1.59% and 3.67%, respectively, the luxuriant degree was relatively low, but the decreasing extent of leaf area index and dry weight per plant were less. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide and transpiration rate of M2 increased by 25.24%, 25.41%, 53.60% and 14.82%, respectively, which improved the photosynthetic performance of functional leaf. The yield of M2 also increased by 12.60% and 17.59% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and the main reason for yield improvement was the increase of ear number of population harvest. This study recommends the suitable cultivation model for maize production in the first accumulative temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province is the 136 cm double lines width ridge (wide line 90 cm+ narrow line 46 cm).

  Seeds Vigor of Foxtail Millet: Determined by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer Song Hui, Xing Xiaoning, Fu Nan, Wang Suying, Liu Jinrong 2020, 36 (36):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300167 Abstract + ( 672 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 203 ) The aims are to evaluate the seed vigor of foxtail millet, study the feasibility of the UV spectrophotometer method used in seed vigor detection of foxtail millet, and provide a new method for rapid and non-destructive detection of seed vigor of foxtail millet. The naturally dried seeds of ‘Yugu 18’ from 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were soaked for different time, and the seed vigor was evaluated according to the UV absorption value of the leaching solution. The results showed that the germination potential and germination rate of seeds at 28℃ decreased with the prolongation of the seed storage time. The shorter the seed storage time, the higher the seed germination rate was. After the foxtail millet seeds with the same storage time were soaked by water, its OD values of the leaching solution increased along with the prolonging soaking time. The OD values of the leaching solution of different-storage-year seeds increased along with the prolonging soaking time. The UV absorption value of the leaching solution at 220 nm was significantly and negatively correlated with the standard germination rate of the seeds. The comprehensive analysis showed that the OD value of seed after soaking for 8 h at 220 nm could objectively evaluate the viability of the seeds, and provide a simple and operational method for the rapid, non-destructive detection of seed viability.

  Screening and Identification of EMS Mutants from Sweet Sorghum Zhang Wei, Zhao Weijun, Bai Wenbin, Zhang Yang, Wang Guan, Shao Rongfeng, Xue Dingding 2020, 36 (36):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200084 Abstract + ( 668 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2463KB )   ( 76 ) To create good germplasm resources of sweet sorghum, improve the male parent characters with high combining ability, and lay a foundation for genetic breeding, ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) was used to mutate sweet sorghum restorer line Tian C-1, and the excellent mutants were screened and identified from M2 generation for further genetic breeding. The results show that leaf color mutations mainly occur in M1 generation, and most of them cannot be inherited. The mutations found in M1 generation could be found in M2 generation after single spike harvest. The mutant types found in the field identification of M2 generation mainly include albino mutation and yellowing mutation of leaf color, spindle mutation of spike type, 1/2 and 3/4 glume coat variation, glume color mutation into dark and brown, grain enlargement, grain color mutation into white, awn disappearance, and shortened whole growth period. EMS mutagenesis could improve existing excellent male parent properties, accelerate the breeding of hybrid, and the large number of mutants found in field could have positive significance in genome mining and genetic breeding of sweet sorghum.

  Influence of Potassium and Silicon Fertilizer on Characteristics of Stem Lodging-Resistance of Oil Flax Wang Yueping, Guo Lizhuo, Gao Yuhong, Liu Yahui, Gou Zhenyu, Xia Zhangxiang 2020, 36 (36):  26-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0046 Abstract + ( 465 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 54 ) To improve lodging resistance of oil flax with effective fertilization measures, taking ‘Longya 11’ and ‘Dingya 23’ as experimental materials, the effects of potash fertilizer and silicon fertilizer application on stem morphology, mechanical lodging resistance and yield of oil flax were studied through split zone design. The results showed that plant height, height of center gravity, stem diameter, wall thickness and bending strength of ‘Longya 11’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Dingya 23’. Under the comprehensive influence of stem morphology and mechanical lodging resistance, the lodging rate of ‘Longya 11’ increased by 21.24% and its yield decreased by 9.43% compared with those of ‘Dingya 23’. Potash fertilizer significantly improved the apparent morphological characteristics of stem lodging-resistance, enhanced stem diameter, wall thickness, stem bending strength and lodging-resistant index dramatically, while reduced plant height and height of center gravity obviously. 1000-grain weight and grain yield increased by 7.35% and 9.34%. The main effects of silicon fertilizer on stem morphology, mechanical properties and grain yield did not reach significant level, but the interaction between silicon fertilizer and potassium fertilizer significantly increased stem diameter. The comprehensive lodging resistance index was significantly affected by the morphological characteristics of stems, and was significantly and negatively correlated with plant height and height of center of gravity, and significantly and positively correlated with stem diameter and wall thickness. There was significant difference in stem lodging resistance between the varieties. Potassium fertilization significantly improved apparent morphology and mechanical properties of stems, and then increased lodging resistance. The positive interaction between potassium and silicon fertilization was significant when potassium supply was low.

  Air Negative Ion Resources and Influencing Factors in Ten Forest Leisure Areas of Shengzhou City Lu Jia, Huang Shaoping, Liu Chao, Zhang Langfeng, Wen Guosheng 2020, 36 (36):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100004 Abstract + ( 423 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 67 ) To evaluate the concentration of air negative ions (NAI) and their air quality in spring, summer, autumn and winter in ten forest leisure health areas of Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, from June 2016 to June 2019, air negative ions were measured at 30 monitoring points in ten forest leisure health areas of the city by NT-C101A portable air positive and negative ion measuring instrument. The results showed that: (1) the average negative ion concentration of the ten forest leisure health areas in Shengzhou was 6668/cm3, and more than 6 times higher than that of the world health organization clean air standard; (2) the seasonal distribution of NAI concentration in the ten forest leisure health areas in Shengzhou was characterized by summer> spring and autumn> winter; (3) there were significant differences in the concentration of negative air ions in different forest recreation areas, among them, the concentration of negative air ions was the highest at the monitoring point close to falling water, and the instantaneous determination of the highest concentration was 67800/cm3; (4) NAI had a significantly positive correlation with air relative humidity and temperature, but non-significantly negative correlation with PM2.5 concentration. The ten forest leisure health areas in Shengzhou are rich in air negative ion resources, with obvious seasonal changes, higher in summer and lower in winter. The change of NAI concentration is affected by the environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and PM2.5 in the air. The dense forest vegetation resources and abundant water resources in Shengzhou are the determinants of its clean and comfortable air, which is beneficial to human health, and the prospect of developing forest health industry is promising.

  The Service Value of Wetland Ecosystem in Dalinor Lake: Evaluation Hao Weigang, Shen Jun, Cui Liping, Jiao Rui, Liu Hu, Liu Hualin 2020, 36 (36):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0245 Abstract + ( 472 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 64 ) Ecosystem service function is the natural environment condition and utility, which is formed and maintained by ecosystem and ecological process, and important for the survival of human beings. The monetized evaluation of its use value can promote the sustainable utilization of natural resources and promote the regional ecological environment protection. This study took the Dalinor Lake wetland as the research object, analyzed its structure, features and ecological process characteristics of the wetland ecosystem. Based on data collection and field investigation, the service value of the Dalinor Lake wetland ecosystem was classified by the theory and method of resource economics. The study constructed the use value evaluation index system of the Dalinor Lake wetland ecosystem, and evaluated its service value. The evaluation results showed that the service value of the Dalinor Lake wetland was 93.70×108 yuan, of which the direct use value was 2.19×108 yuan, accounting for 2.36%, and the indirect use value was 91.51×108 yuan, accounting for 97.66%. Among all the ecosystem service functions, the value of adjusting air humidity was the largest, which was 82.76×108 yuan, accounting for 88.32% of the total service value.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sorghum sudanense Under Different Water-retaining Treatments Li Yun, Wang Meng, Ma Yili, Luo Yanli, Zhang Jiwei, Shi Wei, Ma Hao 2020, 36 (36):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100035 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 54 ) To study the physiological response of plants to different water-retaining measures in ecological restoration of mining area, the authors used CIRAS-2 (PP-Systems) photosynthesis instrument to determine the photosynthetic index of Sorghum sudanense, which often used to repair plant, and discussed the physiological response of Sorghum sudanense to different water-retaining measures under high temperature. The results showed that the daily change of photosynthetic rate Pn and instantaneous water use efficiency WUE presented a “W” curve, and the Tr diurnal change of transpiration rate was a “M” curve. The Pn of Sorghum sudanense had the phenomenon of lunch break, which was mainly affected by non-stomatal factor. The main environmental factors affecting the Sorghum sudanense Pn and Tr were atmospheric CO2 concentration Ca, atmospheric temperature Tc and atmospheric relative humidity RH. Covering burning stone on the soil and adding fly ash could both significantly increase the Pn and WUE of Sorghum sudanense and enhance the adaptability of Sorghum sudanense to high temperature environment. From the index of Pn, the treatment of soil surface covered with burning stone was better than the treatment of adding fly ash in soil, but the effect of the both at the same time was slightly lower than that of using burning stone alone, and the reason needs to be further studied.

  Responses of Soil Enzyme Activities and Physicochemical Properties to Fertilization in Rice Field During Winter Fallow Period Zhu Shuhao, Liu Liyuan, Yuan Haoling, Xu Yan, Shi Rongguang 2020, 36 (36):  50-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200104 Abstract + ( 427 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 51 ) Soil enzymes play an important role in maintaining the function of soil ecosystem. Exploring the relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties can clarify the changes of soil environment after fertilization, which is of significance to guide the rational fertilization in rice field. An experiment with three treatments, conventional fertilization (the control), application of controlled release fertilizer (ACRF), and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (NPKM), was conducted. The variations of different fertilizer applications in rice field during winter fallow period on three soil enzymes (sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase) activities were studied, using the classical statistical analysis and redundancy analysis to explore the difference of soil enzymes activities in different treatments and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties. The classical statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences of rice yield, soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities among different treatments at the two experimental sites. Taken as a whole, the rice yield of ACRF and NPKM treatments were higher than that of CF treatment, and the range was between 2.0% and 7.3%. The physicochemical properties of soil under NPKM treatment were improved to a large extent. And the activities of three enzymes were NPKM > CF, NPKM > ACRF. Redundancy analysis indicated that the seven physicochemical properties explained 90.81% of the variations in soil enzyme activities in the first two axes, showing that the first two axes could well reflect the relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties. And an extremely obvious relationship existed between pH, SOC (soil organic corban) and soil enzyme activities. In these soil physicochemical properties, SOC was a key factor causing the difference of soil enzyme activities, followed by pH. Under the condition of this experiment, the application of controlled-release fertilizer or the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer can better increase rice yield and soil quality.

  Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics and Attribution Analysis of Potential Evapotranspiration in Hulunbuir 1961-2018 Liu Hao, Wang Haimei 2020, 36 (36):  58-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100039 Abstract + ( 423 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 2299KB )   ( 186 ) The purpose of this article is to study the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration over the past 58 years, and provide a basis for the research on meteorological ecology in Hulunbuir. Based on the observation data of 16 meteorological stations in Hulunbuir from 1961 to 2018, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and causes of potential evapotranspiration in the 58 years were analyzed from seasonal and decadal scales by means of trend analysis, M-K mutation test and partial correlation coefficient. The results showed that: (1) from 1961 to 2018, the annual average potential evapotranspiration changes in Hulunbuir ranged from 320 to 771 mm, and the overall trend was increasing from northeast to southwest and southeast; the average potential evapotranspiration was the highest in summer, followed by that in spring and autumn, and the lowest was in winter; (2) the annual average potential evapotranspiration increased at a rate of 2.3 mm/a, and it had a mutation in 1998, after which the increase trend became more obvious; (3) the increase trend in grassland areas in the southwest and agricultural areas in the east was significantly higher than that in the Great Khingan Mountains forest zone; (4) the variation of potential evapotranspiration in Hulunbuir was negatively correlated with wind speed, vapor pressure and relative humidity, and positively correlated with average air temperature and air pressure; the main factors affecting annual potential evapotranspiration were relative humidity and average temperature. Combining with the potential trend of evapotranspiration, the rational planning of water resources is of great significance to the ecological environment assessment and environmental change in this area.

  Effect of Exogenous NO on Physiological Characteristics of Pinus Tabuliformis Carr. Under NaCl Stress Chen Fanjie 2020, 36 (36):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200108 Abstract + ( 457 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 39 ) By studying the effects of different NO supply methods on physiological characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. under NaCl stress, we aim to reveal the physiological response mechanism of NO to salt stress and to provide a theoretical basis for improving salt resistance of Pinus tabuliformis Carr.. A pot culture test was conducted, and 5 treatments of control (T1), NaCl treatment (T2), NaCl+one time soil supply NO (T3), NaCl+two times soil supply NO (T4), NaCl+spraying NO (T5) were set, repeating three times. The results showed that: compared with T1, T2 significantly increased the content of superoxide anion, MDA, soluble protein and free proline, and significantly enhanced the activity of SOD and POD; for NaCl and NO treatment, T3 significantly reduced the content of superoxide anion from May to June, and T5 significantly reduced the content of superoxide anion and MDA from August to September; from May to June, compared with T2, T3 increased SOD activity by 18.60% and 14.03%, respectively, and increased POD by 34.07% and 32.06%, respectively; from August to September, T5 had higher SOD activity than T2 by 15.77% and 13.33%, respectively, and higher POD activity by 17.70% and 15.75%, respectively; in May, compared with T2, T3 increased the content of free proline and soluble protein, and from August to September, T5 significantly increased the content of two osmotic substances compared with T2. According to the analysis, exogenous NO can improve the physiological characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. and its salt resistance.

  Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Morphological Characteristics of Lead in Plants: Improvement of Determination Method Lin Jing, Li Feng, Liu Yuntao, Lin Xiaoxuan, Gao Guijuan 2020, 36 (36):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100048 Abstract + ( 606 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 84 ) To improve the determination accuracy of lead subcellular distribution and chemical morphological characteristics in plant, the torpedograss was used as material, and different extraction methods were applied to test the distribution characteristics of lead in torpedograss roots. The proportion relationship between the quality of torpedograss material and the volume of extracted liquid was analyzed with quantitative study. And then the heavy metal extraction process was improved. The results showed that when the ratio between the volume of plant ground material and the total volume of the extract was 1:5, the extraction effect of each chemical binding state was better. The recovery rate of lead reached 97.69%. After determining the F2 component of subcellular distribution of lead in torpedograss roots, the extraction effect was the best when the temperature of the heating plate was set at 250℃ for 0.5 h and then at 145℃ for 2 h. The lead content in residue state was about 0 μg/g and the overall recovery rate was up to 98.38%. Based on the modified method, the measurement precision and measurement time were improved. The research results provide reference for the accurate determination of the subcellular distribution and chemical morphological characteristics of other metal in plant.

  Rapid Extraction of Genomic DNA in Spinach: Optimization of Sodium Hydroxide Hydrolysis Method Sun Zhicheng, Sun Zhaofa, Duan Yujun, Cheng Fei 2020, 36 (36):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200958 Abstract + ( 475 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1561KB )   ( 69 ) The aims were to optimize the protocol of genomic DNA extraction with sodium hydroxide hydrolysis method in spinach, and provide the basis for marker-assisted selection of large-quantity breeding materials. The young leaves of spinach were used as materials, according to the PCR amplification results, the effects of NaOH concentrations, water bath temperatures and methods, and Tween 20 concentrations on the extracted quality of DNA from young spinach leaves were studied. The result showed that the effect of PCR amplification with DNA extracted by boiling water bath for 1 min was much better than those extracted by ambient room temperature treatment. Leaf samples could also be directly incubated at 99°C for 4 minutes in a thermal cycler instead of the boiling water bath, omitting the grinding and centrifuge steps. At this moment, the best extraction solution for a perfect PCR amplification result was 0.4 mol/L NaOH+ 0.5% Tween 20. The higher value A260/A230 of the extracted DNA was, the better result PCR amplification had. So A260/A230 was the best criterion for evaluating DNA quality. This study optimized the protocol of genomic DNA extraction with sodium hydroxide hydrolysis method, obtained the ideal PCR amplification.

  Response Surface Methodology Applied to Spores Production by Solid-state Fermentation of Trichoderma Viride Yang Dandan, Yang Chuanlun, Zhang Xinqing, Pan Dongmei, Li Jiaming, Chen Zhenfa 2020, 36 (36):  84-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100045 Abstract + ( 417 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2061KB )   ( 61 ) To explore the optimum formula of solid fermentation of Trichoderma viride, the response surface method was used and the main influencing factors calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate and manganese chloride were screened out to establish a quadratic regression equation with spore amount as response value. The data were analyzed by using the Design Expert 8.0.6 software and the optimization condition was determined. The results showed that under the inoculation amount of 15%, fermentation temperature of 28℃, the ratio of material to water of 1:0.70, the fermentation time of 7 days, the spores production could reach 8.505×109 CFU/g, and the optimum medium formulation was: bran 50%, rice husk 30%, corn flour 20%, ammonium sulfate 1.08%, corn starch 2.00%, soybean cake 2.00%, calcium carbonate 0.55%, manganese chloride 0.37%, and pH 6.0~7.0. The raw materials in the formula are cheap and easy to obtain, and the fermentation level is high, which can be applied to large-scale industrial production.

  The Function of Defense Signaling Pathways: Tobacco Resistance to Myzus persicae Induced by Bemisia tabaci Xu Yanan, Sun Xia, Zhao Haipeng, Xue Ming 2020, 36 (36):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201004 Abstract + ( 511 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 52 ) Bemisia tabaci infection can induce the tobacco resistance to Myzus persicae. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the defense signaling of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and the resistance to Myzus persicae induced by Bemisia tabaci. The effects of Bemisia tabaci nymphs feeding on SA and JA level and downstream defense genes expressing level were tested, and the effects of exogenous SA and JA on the growth and development of Myzus persicae were analyzed by biochemical analysis and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that Myzus persicae infection obviously activated SA defense pathway. After feeding 15 d, the SA level was 1.40-fold higher than the control, and the levels of PR-1a and PR-2a were increased by 3.22 times and 0.74 times, respectively. JA level was not obviously affected, while the transcript levels of JA downstream defense genes PI-II and TPI were decreased by 73.91% and 56.73%, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed that the application of exogenous SA was harmful to the survival and the relative average growth rate of M. persicae. Treating with 1 mmol/L SA, aphid survival and growth rate were decreased by 43.2% and 11.54%, respectively, compared with the control. Methyl jasmonate had no harmful effect on the growth and development of Myzus persicae. In conclusion, SA mediated defense response contributes to the tobacco resistance against M. persicae.

  Influence of Climate Change on Rodent Catastrophe Law in Central Guizhou Yin Wenshu, Chen Haiyan, Li Mei, Song Zhishu, Yang Zaixue 2020, 36 (36):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100065 Abstract + ( 407 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 38 ) In order to explore the influence of climate change on the rodent catastrophe law, and found out the most suitable temperature and rainfall range for rodent activities in different climate environments in central Guizhou, researches were done based on the analysis of the relationship between the monitoring data of rodents in Xifeng County of central Guizhou from 1987 to 2017, and the temperature and rainfall over the years, the results show that the temperature and rainfall in central Guizhou are closely related to the number of local rodents, and the rodents have a certain adaptability to climate factors. There is a linear relationship between the temperature and rainfall and the number of rodents. The optimum temperature range for rodents is 22.1~25.0 ℃, under which the rodent population can reach the peak, while the optimum range of rainfall is 180.1~210.0 mm, under which the rodent population in residential area, paddy field area and dry area all reach the peak. When the rainfall is higher than 210.1 mm, the rodent population in residential area decreases slightly, rises slightly in dry area, but tends to be stable in paddy field. The population number of rodents fluctuates with the annual rainfall, showing a certain correlation.

  Allelopathy of Wheat Varieties Against Aegilops tauschii Zhu Baolin, Liu Weitang, Wang Lipeng, Wang Hao, You Ludan, Wang Jinxin 2020, 36 (36):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201015 Abstract + ( 552 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 397 ) Aegilops tauschii is one of the main serious weeds in wheat field in China, it is tolerant to most herbicides due to its close relation to wheat, which brings great difficulties to the chemical control. This study investigated the allelopathic potentials of different wheat varieties against Aegilops tauschii by using equal compartment agar method (ECAM). The effects of different wheat varieties on the root length, shoot length, root dry weight, dry shoot weight of tested Aegilops tauschii were measured, expecting to screen out wheat varieties with stronger allelopathic effects on Aegilops tauschii, and provide feasible approaches for the integrated control of Aegilops tauschii. Results showed that different wheat varieties had significantly different allelopathic effects on root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight of Aegilops tauschii. The effect of the allelopathy activity on Aegilops tauschii root was greater than that on shoot. Using RI value as allelopathy index and combining with cluster analysis, 46 wheat varieties were divided into 3 categories according to their allelopathy ability, and six varieties with strong allelopathy were screened out including ‘Shainong 15’, ‘Jimai 23’, ‘Taikemai 30’, ‘FC009’, ‘Liangxing66’ and ‘Zhongxin7503’.

  Mixtures of Tebuconazole and Azoxystrobin: Indoor Toxicity and Field Control Effects on Rice Blast and Rice Sheath Blight Fu Yuhang, Ma Hui, Li Juan, Peng Furong, Bi Chaowei 2020, 36 (36):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100020 Abstract + ( 1256 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 147 ) To select efficient fungicides to control rice blast and rice sheath blight, the mycelium growth inhibitory method was used to determine the virulence of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin and their 5 matching ratios to Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, a field test was also used to determine the control efficacy of the synergist. The results of indoor toxicity determination showed that when the ratio of tebuconazole to azoxystrobin was 2:1, it had synergistic effect on Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, and the synergistic ratio was 1.5777 and 1.5941, respectively. The results of field tests showed that the control efficacy against rice blast and rice sheath blight was 76.68%-91.12% and 81.28%-90.32% respectively when the ratio of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin was 2:1 at the dosage of 90-135 g a.i./hm2. The synergist had equivalent or better control efficacy and the dosage was lower compared with single and control fungicides. The results indicate that the ratio of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin 2:1 as an effective agent for controlling rice blast and rice sheath blight could reduce the use of fungicides application and increase efficiency.

  Effect of FSH on the Expression of NGF and Its Receptor TrkA in the Testicles of Males After Sexual Maturity Wang Jinfeng, Lu Yi, Dai Tianshu, Zhang Jiehui, Wang Shuo, Zou Shuang, Ma Wei, Wang Chunqiang 2020, 36 (36):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0258 Abstract + ( 451 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1450KB )   ( 55 ) In this experiment, we studied the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase (TrkA) in the testis of sexually mature roosters, and the influence of FSH in the testis on TrkA mRNA expression. Twenty-eight Zhuanghe Big Bone Chicken roosters aged twenty weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the control group and three FSH treatment groups. In the treatment group, FSH was intravenously injected for five days, and testicular tissue was collected on the sixth day. The results showed that there were NGF and TrkA mRNA and protein in rooster testis tissue, and both of them were mainly expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and sperm cells; TrkA mRNA levels in the FSH treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the expression level of TrkA mRNA increased with the increase of FSH concentration, but there was no significant difference in the expression level of NGF mRNA (P>0.05). In summary, the above results indicate that there are NGF and TrkA in rooster testis tissue, and FSH may affect the role of NGF in sperm production by regulating the expression of TrkA.

  Carassius auratus var. pengsenensis Produced by Heterologous Sperm: Growth Comparison of Offspring Zhou Miao, Guo Qingsong, Huang Jiarui, Wang Weimin 2020, 36 (36):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200089 Abstract + ( 371 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 88 ) To investigate the growth performance of progenies produced via gynogenesis by heterologous sperm of Carassius auratus var. pengsenensis, C. auratus var. pengsenensis was used as female, and C. auratus var. pengsenensis, Megalobrama amblycephala, Culter alburnus Basilewsky, and Elopichthys bambusa were used as male parent to construct four cross-combinations. The weight and body length of four gynogenesis groups at different days were determined. The results showed that during the whole experiment (0-180 days), the differences of growth rate in four groups were significant (P < 0.05). P-Q and P-G was significantly higher than P-T and P-P. By comparing the relative fatness of each group, the significant difference (P < 0.05) appeared on the 150 th day, the P-Q (3.9945) and P-G (3.7819) were significantly higher than P-T(3.3459) and P-P(3.3697). The growth curves (P-P: W=0.0627L2.6705, R2=0.9822;P-T: W=0.0644L2.6469, R2=0.9917; P-Q: W=0.0284L2.9609, R2=0.9813; P-G: W=0.0648L2.6586, R2=0.9697) were fitted according to weight and body length. This study indicates that the offspring of C. auratus var. pengsenensis produced by heterologous sperm can grow normally and show significant difference among the groups. The gynogenesis of C. auratus var. pengsenensis with Culter alburnus Basilewsky (P-Q) show better growth performance than other groups, which will have a popularizing prospect.

  Different Expression Levels of Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogen Associated with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Under Different Environments An Wei, Xiao Yu, Gao Xiaohua, Peng Junhui, Tang Qian 2020, 36 (36):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300228 Abstract + ( 487 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 54 ) Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is caused by infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and has cost huge economic losses to word shrimp culture industry. The aim is to study the differences in the expression of the main pathogenic factor Pir toxin gene under the treatment of different environmental factors, and to explore the possible measures to inhibit the expression of Pir toxin gene. In this study, the expression level of Pir toxin gene in pathogenic bacteria was detected by the application of fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR technology and the comparative CT value method under different environmental factors, such as temperature and pH. The results showed that the bacteria revealed positive amplification of the Pir toxin gene which was related to AHPND in a virulence plasmid harboring this strain. Under the condition of 18℃, 24℃, 30℃ and 36℃, the expression of Pir toxin gene increased with the rise of temperature, and under the condition of pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9, the expression level of Pir toxin gene decreased with the reduce of pH. Especially, the expression of Pir gene was remarkably influenced by the pH factor. The research results provide basic data for exploring the relationship between the pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and environmental factors, and also a scientific basis for the development of AHPND control in aquaculture.

  Aeromonas veronii from Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Isolation and Identification Guo Ying, Guo Qingsong, Zhou Miao, Li Yanhe, Wang Weimin 2020, 36 (36):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100027 Abstract + ( 400 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1658KB )   ( 65 ) To identify the mortality cause of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the strain with growth advantage was isolated from the dying M. rosenbergii, and its morphological characteristics, gram staining, physiology and biochemistry experiments were studied. The results showed that the isolated strain was a gram-negative, while oxidase, lysine decarboxylase, citrate, indole, d-mannose, sucrose, maltose, v-p, and cellobiose dihydrolase were positive. The 16S rRNA gene of this isolate was sequenced and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The isolated strain was clustered with Aeromonas veronii and had a close genetic relationship. The isolated strain was confirmed as Aeromonas veronii (Accession number MN733186) based on the biochemical characters and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The artificial infection experiment with the immersion method confirmed that the isolated strain was highly pathogenetic to M. rosenbergii. The results of drug susceptibility tests revealed that the strain was highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, doxycycline, and rifampicin; it was moderately sensitivity to novobiocin and compound sulfamethoxazole and resistant to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline. The current study could provide a reference and theoretical basis for the pathogen identification, drug diagnosis and treatment of Aeromonas cavia in M. rosenbergii.

  The Study on Agricultural Societies Abroad Wu Jiang, Yang Guizhi, Zhang Zhiting, Bi Kun 2020, 36 (36):  144-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0489 Abstract + ( 395 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 66 ) Responding to the call from China Association of Science & Technology, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS) is trying to upgrade the society to be world-class. Thus, we need to learn the management methods and experiences from other countries as reference. Selecting 8 outstanding societies from 10 countries as research objects, the study analyzes and concludes their characteristics and experiences from aspects of operation, purposes, academic activities and achievements. The study also gives practical suggestions to CAASS for building itself as a world-class society.

  An Empirical Study on Farmers’ Legal Cognition in the Transfer of Management Rights Under Tripartite Entitlement System of Farmland: Take Zhangbei County, Hebei Province as an Example Zhang Zhi, An Qiang 2020, 36 (36):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0014 Abstract + ( 502 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 175 ) The paper aims to solve the transfer dispute of management rights under tripartite entitlement system of farmland. Taking Zhangbei County, Hebei Province as an example, this paper used questionnaire survey and empirical research to study the legal cognition of 364 households at the three stages of transfer of farmland management rights. The results showed that before the farmland transfer occurred, there was blind zone in farmers’ cognition on the aspects of farmland ownership and transfer policy. In the process of farmland transfer, the farmers’ consciousness of rights protection was weak, the content of the contract was not standardized, and the government supervision was not enough. After farmland transfer, the behavior mode of farmers’ rights relief was mainly non-litigation. To better protect the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable farmers in the transfer for management rights under tripartite entitlement system of farmland, this paper puts forward some countermeasures: the propaganda should be strengthened and the intermediary organizations should be cultivated before farmland transfer; the contract contents should be standardized to improve the transfer procedure in the process of transfer; the dispute resolution mechanism should be improved to enhance farmers’ ability to safeguard their rights.

  Application of Blockchain Technology in the Field of Agricultural Products Traceability Wang Huijuan, Zhou Ailian, Liang Xiaohe, Xie Nengfu, Li Xiaoyu, Wu Saisai 2020, 36 (36):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0578 Abstract + ( 762 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 105 ) The purpose is to combine blockchain technology with agricultural products traceability to solve food safety problems and promote the healthy development of agriculture. The reasons of frequent food safety problems in China were analyzed, the necessity of agricultural product traceability was demonstrated, the concept and main characteristics of blockchain technology were elaborated, the formation and development process of agricultural traceability system in major developed countries and in China were systematically reviewed, and the viewpoint of combining blockchain technology with agricultural traceability system was put forward. Through in-depth discussion on the important application cases of blockchain technology in the field of agricultural traceability, two major impacts of the application of blockchain technology in agricultural traceability system were pointed out. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the application of blockchain technology, finally, this paper put forward four suggestions on the application and development of blockchain technology in China’s agricultural traceability system, hoping to provide useful reference for future development of blockchain technology in China’s agricultural field.