Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.19 Published:05 July 2021

  Analysis of Pedigree and Agronomic Characters of Japonica Rice Cultivars by Anther Culture Breeding in Heilongjiang Province Liu Baohai, Gao Shiwei, Tang Ming, Men Longnan, Liu Yuqiang, Nie Shoujun, Liu Qing, Chang Huilin, Ma Cheng, Xue Yinghui, Bai Rui, Wang Hongbin 2021, 37 (19):  1-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0148 Abstract + ( 333 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2096KB )   ( 30 ) To investigate the comprehensive characteristics of pedigree and agronomic characters of Japonica rice cultivars by anther culture breeding, we investigated 15 agronomic characters of 22 cultivars and genetic parents which were bred by anther culture in Heilongjiang Province from 1975 to 2019, to analyze the genetic coefficients and main agronomic characters comparatively with covariance, correlation, multiple comparison and clustering methods. The results show that anther culture breeding technology has obtained remarkable achievement in Heilongjiang Province, whereas there are still much potential for its popularization and application. Furthermore, the genetically related variety combinations account for only 4.8% of the 231 combinations, with large genetic differences and high levels of genetic diversity. Meanwhile, five germplasms, ‘Longjingxiang 1’, ‘Longjing 45’, ‘Longjing 3767’, ‘Longjing 4’ and ‘Longjing 7’ are selected as core parent germplasm. Based on the stable improvement of yield, gel consistency, grain number per spike, brown rice rate, eating quality and chalkiness rate, the targets of anther culture breeding in Heilongjiang are clarified to enhance seed setting rate, rate of head rice and spike length, and to decrease plant height, rate of chalkiness rice, protein content, amylose content and neck blast. The study could provide theoretical reference for the anther culture breeding technology extension, germplasm utilization and variety selection in Heilongjiang Province.

  SA Priming of Maize Seeds at Different Temperature Under Drought Stress: Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics Hou Linxin, Lv Qiang, Huang Ming, Jiao Nianyuan, Yin Fei, Liu Ling, Lv Meng, Fu Guozhan 2021, 37 (19):  13-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0504 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1420KB )   ( 73 ) The aim is to investigate the effect of SA priming at different temperature on maize seed germination, growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedling under drought stress. The maize varieties ‘Zhengdan 958’, ‘Jingtian 808’ and ‘Jingkenuo 2000’ were used as materials, and five treatments including CK, 5, 10, 15 and 20℃ were designed to study the seedling growth performance under drought stress. The results showed that SA priming significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities, increased the content of osmotic regulatory substances, and decreased the content of MDA in maize seedling, alleviated the effects of drought stress on the growth of maize. Among them, the maize germination parameters (germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index) of ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Jingtian 808’ were the highest at 15℃ priming treatment, increased by 16.67%, 21.26%, 17.69%, 25.39% and 10.88%, 8.76%, 10.02%, 26.83%, respectively, compared with those of the control; while for ‘Jingkenuo 2000’, the priming temperature of 10℃, could achieve an increase of 16.48%, 10.73%, 14.27% and 32.00% compared with those of the control. In conclusion, seed priming can enhance the germination ability of maize seeds under drought stress, and the study could provide a theoretical basis for the application of seed priming to maize production in dryland.

  Effect of Two Organic Fertilizers of Cattle Manure on Growth Rate of Sweet Sorghum Liu Shujuan, Liu Hujun, Liu Guangwu, Li Yinke, Wan Xiang, Zhang Zhiping, Liu Kailin, Li Jingjing 2021, 37 (19):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0361 Abstract + ( 260 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 54 ) The study aims to investigate the effect of cattle manure biogas slurry and compost on the growth of forage sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and determine the suitable fertilizer for planting sweet sorghum. The growth rate of plant height, stem diameter and leaf width of sweet sorghum which was treated with cattle manure biogas slurry and compost were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the height growth rate of sweet sorghum treated with cattle manure compost and biogas slurry was 1.12 and 1.02 times that of no fertilizer treatment. The average growth rate of sweet sorghum with treatment of cattle manure compost was 1.09 times that of biogas slurry. The height growth of sweet sorghum with treatment of biogas slurry was higher than that with cattle manure compost in two periods, but the total height growth of sweet sorghum with cattle manure compost was larger. The stem diameter growth rate of sweet sorghum with treatment of biogas slurry was 2.8 times that of no fertilizer treatment and 1.87 times that of cattle manure compost. The average leaf width growth rate with treatment of cattle manure compost was 1.09 times that of biogas slurry, and the growth duration was longer. The amount of humic acid and total nitrogen in cattle manure compost is large, which could increase plant height and leaf growth rate of sweet sorghum, so it is suitable to be used as base fertilizer. Biogas slurry has a large amount of available potassium, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, which can increase the stem diameter growth rate of sweet sorghum and promote the growth in a short time, and be used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer.

  Peanut Varieties: Drought Resistance Identification and Drought Resistance Indices’ Evaluation Liu Bokuan, Zhao Nannan, Cui Shunli, Li Xiukun, Liu Yingru, He Meijing, Hou Mingyu, Yang Xinlei, Mu Guojun, Liu Lifeng 2021, 37 (19):  27-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0236 Abstract + ( 438 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 66 ) The purpose of this study is to screen out peanut varieties with strong drought resistance, and to provide a research basis for breeding drought resistant peanut varieties and functional verification of drought resistance genes. The drought resistance of 13 peanut varieties was identified and the drought resistance indices were obtained by measuring and analyzing the physiological indexes and phenotypes under well-watered and drought conditions. The results are as follows: there are different correlations between these indices, and the correlation coefficients range from 0.070 to 0.683. The trend of CDC and D value of the 13 peanut varieties are consistent. The results of principal component analysis indicate that 6 common factors, such as total biomass and soluble sugar, could reflect 89.97% of the original data information of peanut drought resistance. According to cluster analysis, the 13 varieties are divided into 4 groups consisting of high drought-resistant, moderate drought-resistant, drought-sensitive and high drought-sensitive varieties at the threshold of 5, among which, L147 and L149 are high drought-resistant cultivars. The results indicate that the total biomass, relative water content, POD, and soluble sugar could be used as rapid identification indices for peanut drought resistance. L186, L147, L221 and L149 are identified as drought resistant varieties.

  Impact of Density on the Microclimate, Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Plants Hua Ye, Zhou Haonan, Xu Tingting, Ji Chunrong 2021, 37 (19):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0360 Abstract + ( 365 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 39 ) To grasp the microclimate environment in the cotton population structure, the influence of different cotton densities on yield was determined. Six different densities were designed to determine agronomic traits, and the microclimatic elements in the field of different cotton densities were measured by selecting the flowering bloom period with the highest cotton density. The results showed that the agricultural traits of cotton varied greatly with density, and the climatic factors such as light, temperature, and humidity changed considerably among the groups. With the increasing of density, agricultural traits of cotton, including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruiting branches, number of buds and bolls, and boll weight, were significantly and negatively correlated with the gradient temperature difference between cotton plants, while positively correlated with the light transmittance. The gradient temperature difference between cotton plants of the optimal density group should be less than 0.3-0.4℃, and the light transmittance between cotton plants should be above 5.5%. The density of 225000 plants/hm2 showed the best yield performance, followed by 270000 plants/hm2, and then 180000 plants/hm2. Under the current cultivation and management level, the planting density of early maturing cotton in northern Xinjiang should be designed at 200000-250000 plants/hm2.

  Anatomical Observation on Cutting Propagation and Adventitious Root Formation of Vernicia fordii Lan Jinxuan, Liang Wenhui, Huang Xiaolu, Yang Zhuoying, Li Baocai, Ma Jinlin 2021, 37 (19):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0762 Abstract + ( 337 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2968KB )   ( 43 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of cutting rooting of Vernicia fordii. The effects of different concentrations of exogenous hormones, pattern of left leaves and age of maternal plant on the rooting of cuttings of V. fordii were studied by taking the 1 to 3-year-old maternal plant as the experimental material, and the rooting mechanism was explored by anatomical observation. The results showed that the best rooting effect was taking the 1-year-old maternal plant as the experimental material, leaving half leaf and 2 h of 1.5 g/L IBA treatment, under which the rooting rate could reach 56.67%. The rooting method of V. fordii was single skin root. The adventitious root primordium of V. fordii belonged to the inducible primordium, which was derived from the parenchyma cells of the cortex.

  Rapid Sampling Inspection of Seedling Index and Downy Mildew of Cucumber Plug Seedlings Produced in Beijing, Hebei and Shandong Zhao Liqun, Tian Yanan, Cao Lingling, Cao Caihong 2021, 37 (19):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0551 Abstract + ( 342 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 36 ) The purpose of the research is to explore the rapid detection method of the quality of cucumber intensive plug commercial seedlings, and provide references for the formation of qualitative standards for commercial seedlings of cucumber and the early isolation and prevention of diseases in its seedling stage. A total of 70 commercial cucumber plug seedlings produced in intensive nursery farms in Beijing, Hebei and Shandong were sampled for systematic detection of physiological indexes such as plant height, stem diameter, dry/ fresh weight and seedling index. At the same time, PCR detection was carried out for downy mildew, which seriously affected the production and trading of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that the average seedling index of 55 samples collected in Beijing was 0.078, and the detection rate of downy mildew was 34.55%; the average seedling index of 10 samples collected in Hebei was 0.079, and the detection rate of downy mildew was 80.00%; the average seedling index of 5 samples collected in Shandong was 0.101, and the detection rate of downy mildew was 20.00%. In addition, it was found that the correlation between root dry weight and the seedling index of cucumber commercial seedlings was as high as 0.995 and showed a significantly positive correlation, which could be used as a reliable basis for rapid evaluating the morphological and physiological quality of commercial cucumber seedlings. Meanwhile, PCR technology could be used as an important means for early evaluation of the health quality of commercial seedlings. This study can provide a scientific basis for rapid and accurate evaluation of cucumber seedling quality and quality control, as well as for the quality evaluation of other vegetable seedlings.

  The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Pear Leaves Chen Qiliang, Fan Jing, Yang Xiaoping, Zhang Jingguo, Du Wei, Hu Hongju 2021, 37 (19):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0219 Abstract + ( 231 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 27 ) To provide a basis for scientific fertilization, the leaf nutrient status of ‘Chojuro’ pear in Lichuan was studied. The leaf nutrition status of 9 pear orchards was diagnosed and evaluated by leaf nutrition diagnosis and principal component analysis in 2017-2018. The contents of Ca, K, Cu, and Zn in the leaves of ‘Chojuro’ pear tree were basically suitable, while the contents of Mg, B, and P were low, and the content of Mn was high. The content of N in some orchards was deficient, and the content of Fe was low in 2017. Soil acidification was the main cause of nutrient imbalance in the pear leaves. To improve the quality and efficiency of ‘Chojuro’ pear orchards in Lichuan, we should increase the application of acid soil conditioner such as quicklime, borax and other alkaline fertilizers to improve soil pH, and organic fertilizer to raise the organic matter content, pay attention to the supplement of micronutrient Mg, B and Fe. 4 principal components which represented 82.512% of the original information were evaluated by principal component analysis with 10 leaf nutrient elements. According to the scores of each principal component, a comprehensive evaluation model of leaf nutrition based on principal component was established: Z=0.278N+ 0.030P+ 0.250K- 0.042Ca- 0.133Mg+ 0.193Fe+ 0.193Mn+ 0.174Cu+ 0.177Zn- 0.106B. This method could be used to diagnose and evaluate the nutritional status of pear leaves.

  Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Passiflora edulia Yang Qin, Yu Lu, Zhao Zhi, Chi Jiyan, Tan Shuming 2021, 37 (19):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0063 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1364KB )   ( 44 ) The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on Passiflora edulia nitrogen metabolism and defense system, and on their relationship with the fruit quality. We sprayed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (B) and amino-oligosaccharin (C) and 24- epbrassinolide (D) during the fruitlet period, fruit expanding period and coloring period, and measured the nitrogen metabolism related products and key enzyme activities, enzymatic defense system and non-enzymatic defense system related material, fruit appearance quality and intrinsic quality. The results showed that compared with control treatment (A), GS in the leaves of treatment B, C and D increased by 100.74%, 25.92% and 62.53%, respectively, and soluble protein content decreased by 54.19%, 47.26% and 10.11%, respectively. The contents of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) in treatment B were the highest, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased by 31.99% and 79.44%, respectively. After treatment B, C and D, the soluble solids of Passiflora edulia fruits increased by 5.82%, 3.53% and 6.03%, and the organic acids increased by 4.87%, 8.97% and 10.58% compared with treatment A. In conclusion, the three plant growth regulators could affect fruit quality by affecting the enzymes activities and products related to nitrogen metabolism and defense system, and fruits treated by 24- ep-brassinolide have relatively high contents of soluble solids, organic acids, soluble sugars and Vc, and the best quality.

  Effects of Fertilization Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on the Quality of Cut Flowers and Bulb-lets of Lily Cui Guangfen, Du Wenwen, Wu Xuewei, Duan Qing, Ma Lulin, Jia Wenjie, Li Shenchong, Wang Xiangning 2021, 37 (19):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0451 Abstract + ( 309 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 40 ) To compare the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizers on the growth of cut flowers and bulb-lets of lily, OT lily ‘Huangjinjia’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different fertilization levels of a single fertilizer on the quality characteristics of cut flowers and bulb-lets of lily. The results showed that N-fertilizer increased the dry weight and girth of lily bulb, P-fertilizer promoted the growth of dry and fresh weight, girth and diameter of bulbs, and the growth of bulbs increased with the application of K-fertilizer of 100 and 200 kg/hm 2, but decreased with the application of 300 kg/hm2 K-fertilizer. The effect of P-fertilizer was the most obvious, followed by that of K and N fertilizer. When the application of P-fertilizer was 50 kg/hm2, the bulbs had the maximum growth. P and K fertilizer could promote the increase of plant height, leaf length and width, leaf area and flower diameter in cut flowers. However, there was no significant change in the characteristics of the plants under the treatment of N-fertilizer. When the application amount of K and P fertilizer was 100 kg/hm2 respectively, their efficiency was similar, but the P treatment could lead to more increase in the flower diameter. In summary, the demand of N-fertilizer for bulb-lets is greater than that for cut flowers. The application of P and K fertilizer could improve the quality of bulbs and cut flowers, but the two fertilizers have different effects on cut flowers and bulb-lets. It is suggested that the suitable P-fertilizer for bulb-lets should be 50 kg/hm2, and for cut flowers should be 100 kg/hm2, while K-fertilizer should be 100 kg/hm2for both bulb-lets and cut flowers. N-fertilizer should not be applied separately.

  Allelopathy of Water Extract of Quercus mongolica Dead Leaves on Orychophragmus violaceus Yang Liu, Wang Xinyu, Zhang Hang, Zhang Tingxiu, Yang Chengjun 2021, 37 (19):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0353 Abstract + ( 412 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1548KB )   ( 34 ) To explore whether the scarcity of understory vegetation in Quercus mongolica is due to the allelopathy of dead leaves, the dead leaves were used as test materials and Orychophragmus violaceus as the receptor material, petri dish filter paper method was used to study the effects of different concentrations of water extracts of dead leaves on the germination and seedling growth of Orychophragmus violaceus. Seeds of Orychophragmus violaceus were cultivated with water extracts of dead leaves of Quercus mongolica at concentrations of 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 g/mL, to determine the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, root length and seedling length. The results show that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and allelopathy effect index of root length are all negative values, which show inhibition and obvious concentration effect. The allelopathy effect on the growth of Orychophragmus violaceus is a double-concentration effect of ‘low promotion and high inhibition’, which can promote the growth of seedlings when the concentration is less than 0.04 g/mL. When the concentration of the water extract is greater or equal to 0.04 g/mL, it has an inhibitory effect on the growth of seedlings, and with the increase of the concentration, the allelopathy continues to increase. When the concentration is 0.10 g/mL, the allelopathy index of root length and seedling length is -1, and the seed is only in the initial state of germination. The above results reflect that the water extract of dead leaves of Quercus mongolica has a strong allelopathic inhibitory effect on Orychophragmus violaceus.

  Effects of Light and Temperature Treatments on Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of ‘Huangjinya’ Tea Zhang Luhe, Zhao Tong, Huang Huali, Zhang Guangzhong, Yin Dehuai, Wu Lei, Wang Duofeng 2021, 37 (19):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0467 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 50 ) To choose the most suitable method for light and temperature management of young ‘Huangjinya’ in Bikou tea area of Wen County of Gansu Province, two-year-old ‘Huangjinya’ tea seedlings were used as experimental materials to study three different light and temperature management methods such as single shed film (T1), single shade net (T2), shed film+ shade net (T3) on the growth of summer shoots and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of ‘Huangjinya’ leaves, no shed film without shade net (CK) as a control. The results showed that shading could increase the initial fluorescence (F0) of ‘Huangjinya’ leaves, significantly increase the maximum fluorescence (Fm) of the ‘Huangjinya’ leaves, and the photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of ‘Huangjinya’ leaves at 13:00 and 15:00. T3 significantly increased the excitation energy capture efficiency (Fv'/Fm') of the open-cell PSⅡ reaction center of the ‘Huangjinya’ leaves at 13:00 and 15:00; shading significantly reduced the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of the ‘Huangjinya’ leaves at 11:00, 13:00 and 15:00. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) of T2 was significantly lower than that of CK at 15:00; and T1 and CK caused light suppression at 13:00 and 15:00 for the ‘Huangjinya’, however, it did not cause damage to the PSII reaction center. Shading of ‘Huangjinya’ in Bikou town of Wen County of Gansu Province could increase the Fv/Fm and reduce the qP. Full light could cause inactivation of the PSII reaction center and photo inhibition at 13:00 and 15:00. Therefore, in the light and temperature management in ‘Huangjinya’ cultivation, moderate shading should be carried out in the dog days.

  Effects of Antagonistic Bacillus on the Main Active Components of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Guo Jie, Tian Haijiao, Qin Xuemei, Zhao Xiaoxia, Gao Fen 2021, 37 (19):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0399 Abstract + ( 382 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 23 ) The effects of antagonistic Bacillus SXKF16-1 (Bacillus atrophaeu) and SXKF16-2 (B. methylophicus) on the main active components of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus were investigated so as to provide a basis for the development of multi-functional preparations. Healthy A. membranaceus var. mongholicus seedlings were root-irrigated with the fermentation of antagonistic Bacillus, and ten effective components were determined by HPLC-UV-ELSD. There was a good linear relationship (r≥0.9950) in the corresponding linear range of the respective standard curve of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan, 8,2'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside Ⅳ, Ⅲ, Ⅱ, Ⅰ, and thus the test results were reliable. Treated with antagonistic Bacillus SXKF16-1 and SXKF16-2, the contents of such A. membranaceus var. mongholicus active components as calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan, 8,2'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside Ⅱ and Ⅳ showed no significant change, but the contents of astragaloside Ⅰ and Ⅲ increased significantly. Compared with the control group, the content of total flavonoids in the two treatment groups had no significant change, while the content of total saponins increased significantly. Antagonistic Bacillus SXKF16-1 and SXKF16-2 have no negative effect on the content of main active components of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and can promote the accumulation of some saponins; and therefore have the potential of being developed into multi-functional preparations.

  Isolation and Identification of Parasitic Fungi from Polygonatum kingianum Tan Wei, Pu Shibiao 2021, 37 (19):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0085 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1633KB )   ( 23 ) The purpose of this study is to understand the parasitic fungi and their dominant populations. Samples were collected from Yulong County and Huaping County in Lijiang of Yunnan Province. The fungi were isolated, cultured and purified by tissue separation, sample moisture preservation and three-point inoculation method, respectively. The purified strains were identified by combining traditional morphological and molecular biological identification. Fifteen strains of parasitic fungi (1 strain of Penicillium, 12 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 1 strain of Fusarium equiseti, and 1 strain of Alternaria alternata) were identified in Ludian township of Yulong County. A total of 22 fungal isolates (12 strains of Trichoderma atroviride, 9 strains of Fusarium redolens, and 1 strain of Fusarium equiseti) were found in Huaping County. The strains of Fusarium are the dominant parasitic fungi in the samples collected from the two test places. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the disease control of Polygonatum kingianum.

  The Influence of Stem Tuber on Polygonatum cyrtonema Yield and Medicinal Quality Cui Kuoshu, Aftab Ahmed, Aaqil Khan, George Bawa, Fang Qingmao, Li Jun, Zhu Wentao, Jin Fu, Shi Jianyi, Peng Teng, Wu Maoli, Xiao Te, Yang Wenyu 2021, 37 (19):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0448 Abstract + ( 445 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1316KB )   ( 39 ) In view of the current situation of no standard and improper use of Polygonatum cyrtonema’s stem tuber in China, the effects of stem size and age on yield and medicinal quality of P. cyrtonema were studied, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for seed selection and use of P. cyrtonema. A two-factor randomized block design was conducted with stem size as the main factor and age as the other factor. P. cyrtonema’s stem tuber number of shoots, length, diameter, and weight were used as indicators, and the K-means clustering method was adopted to divide the stem tuber into 3 specifications and 3 ages. By investigating the changes in seedling emergence rate, yield per plant, yield per unit area, and tuber polysaccharide content, we analyzed the differences of yield and medicinal quality of two-year-old P. cyrtonema’s under different stem tuber sizes and ages. The results show that the stem tuber size and age are correlated with seedling emergence rate; the stem size is extremely and significantly correlated with yield per plant and yield per unit area; the stem age is significantly correlated with yield per plant and yield per unit area; the stem size is extremely and significantly correlated with polysaccharide content; and the stem age is correlated significantly with polysaccharide content. It is speculated that there is an interaction between the stem size and age, and stem tuber with high specification and low age is suitable for planting, which could significantly improve the yield and medicinal quality of P. cyrtonema.

  Study on Ambient Particulate Matter Concentration of Different Forest Types in Mountain Tai Scenic Area Zhang Liudong, Guo Jianyao, Wan Jialong, Fu Degang, Gao Qing, Shen Weixing, Zhang Yikun, Li Chuanrong 2021, 37 (19):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0183 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 37 ) The paper aims to study the health effects of different forest types in Mountain Tai. The concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest and economic forest dominated by Amygdalus persica and Castanea mollissima in Mountain Tai Scenic Area were measured, and the effects of different forest types on particulate matter were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the diurnal variation trend of particulate matter concentration of four kinds of particle sizes in different forest types are basically the same in the period of 8:00-18:00, the variation curve presents a ‘V’ trend of high in the morning and low in the afternoon, the trough time of coarse particle concentration is earlier than that of fine particle concentration; (2) in the period of 8:00-18:00, the concentration of particulate matter of all forest types could reach the national second level standard; (3) there is no significant correlation between the proportion of particulate matter and the concentration of particulate matter in the stand, and there is no significant difference in the proportion of particulate matter among different stands; (4) the change of particulate matter concentration is affected by climate factors, the particulate matter concentration is negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed, and positively correlated with humidity. The proportion of evergreen conifer species such as Pinus tabulaeformis can be appropriately increased in the forest construction and management planning of Mountain Tai Scenic Area, so as to make full use of its better particulate matter barrier ability, which could play an important role in improving the pedestrian recreation environment and enhancing the health care.

  Irrigation with Potato Starch Processing Wastewater: Effects on Soil Quality and Corn Growth Lei Xiaoting, He Jinqin, Lei Jinyin, Qi Huanjun, Xu Jinyu, Jin Jianxin, Wang Tianning 2021, 37 (19):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0012 Abstract + ( 241 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 42 ) The effect of potato starch processing wastewater on soil properties and corn growth was studied to explore the optimal amount of wastewater returned to field. 5 treatments were set up including groundwater 3000 m3/hm2(W1, CK), wastewater 600 m3/hm2 (W2), wastewater 900 m3/hm2(W3), wastewater 1200 m3/hm2(W4), wastewater 3000 m3/hm2(W5). Soil aggregates, N, P, K, organic matter, enzymes, and corn emergence rate and yield under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that: the content of soil water-stable aggregates of 0.25-2 mm size increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of wastewater irrigation amount, increased by 14.90%, 17.04%, 4.09% and 16.67% respectively under W2, W3, W4 and W5 compared with that of CK. Irrigation with wastewater for 1 year, the content of alkaline nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and soil organic matter in the 0-20 cm surface soil were both higher than those in CK. The activities of catalase, urease and phosphatase reached the highest respectively under W4, W2 and W4, increased by 9.64%, 5.34% and 17.24%. The rate of maize emergence was reduced when wastewater irrigation exceeded 1200 m3/hm2. Maize yield reached the highest under W3 in 2018 and 2019, which were 69171 and 59404.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Among them, the optimal wastewater irrigation amount is 900 m3/hm2.

  Effect of Mushroom Residue on Cucumber and Melon Yield and Quality and Soil Fertility in Greenhouse Zhao Zichao, Zhao Shifeng, Zhang Hongqi, Zhang Hailan, Guo Bing, Yao Li 2021, 37 (19):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0571 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1407KB )   ( 61 ) A field experiment with 7 treatments was conducted, including one application of chicken manure (CON) and six application rates of mushroom residue [0 (MR0), 15 (MR1), 30 (MR2), 45 (MR3), 60 (MR4) and 75 (MR5) t/hm2], to examine the effects mushroom residue on cucumber and melon yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse at Shenxian County of Shandong Province. The results showed that application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon yield by 28.1%-45.3% and 0.5%-10.4%, respectively, compared with CON, and the effect of MR4 was the best. The yield of cucumber and melon showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of the application rate of mushroom residue. Compared with CON, application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon quality, and the effects of MR3 and MR4 were the best. The application of mushroom residue decreased soil pH by 2.1%-2.4% and soil EC value by 29.8%-48.1%, increased organic matter by 11.2%-33.1%, it also increased the soil N, P, K content and activation coefficient. In conclusion, the appropriate application of mushroom residue is the optimum choice to improve cucumber and melon yield and quality, elevate soil fertility and soil quality, and reduce soil pH and EC value, and the effect of MR4 (60 t/hm2) is the best.

  Effects of Soil Natural Vegetation Management Models on the Soil and Apple Tree of Dry Land Orchard Wu Xiaoxuan, Wang Hongning, Sun Junbao, Zhang Shengzhi 2021, 37 (19):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0193 Abstract + ( 243 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 39 ) Aimed to provide a scientific basis for apple growers to choose proper natural vegetation management model for dry land orchard, the effects of different natural vegetation management models on the soil, and apple yield and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that the soil volumetric moisture was increased under ridge forming and ground cover (RG) and grass mulch (GM), especially in April. In April, July and October, the soil volumetric moisture of 0-60 cm soil layer in the orchard could be kept at 15.05%-16.03% for RG. The chlorophyll content of apple leaves, the soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acid content (TA), hardness, red coefficient, single fruit weight and yield of apple could all be increased under RG and GM. The increase degree of each index for RG was greater than GM. In order to save water, improve fruit quality and increase efficiency, it is suggested that the natural vegetation management model RG should be used in apple orchard.

  Occurring Dynamics of Janus piriodorus and Control Effect by Yellow Trap Board in Korla, Xinjiang Zhao Quanxin, Gao Youhua, Rong Hua, Zhao Zhiqiang, Zhang Luhui, Guo Qingyuan 2021, 37 (19):  124-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0122 Abstract + ( 273 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 44 ) The paper aims to clarify the occurrence and damage of Janus piriodorus on pear in orchards of Korla and its surrounding areas, and the trapping effect of using yellow sticky insect board. In the active period of J. piriodorus in 2020, the number of adult trapped was investigated regularly by using the five-point sampling method with the yellow trap board, and the occurrence dynamics were analyzed. After the active period, the damage rate of J. piriodorus in orchards without hanging yellow sticky insect board and hanging yellow board was investigated by five-point sampling method, and the control effect of yellow trap board on J. piriodorus was analyzed. Through the investigation, it is found that the J. piriodorus mainly harms pear trees around the flowering period, and its occurrence reaches the peak in mid-April. The J. piriodorus activity time is about 19 days (April 6-April 24), it mainly harms the new tips through oviposition behavior of the female, and the damage rate is averagely 29.13% in orchards without yellow trap board, while the damage rate is averagely 13.60% in orchards with yellow trap board, and the reduction rate was 52.41%. The active period of adult of J. piriodorus is the key period for pest control. The hanging of yellow trap board has obvious control effect on J. piriodorus. Therefore, it is suggested to use yellow sticky insect boards to trap and kill adults of J. piriodorus in April to reduce its harm.

  Pathogen Identification and Biocontrol Screening of Root Rot of Cymbidium sinense Tang Jie, Chen Jianxin, Nima Cimu, Wei Yuqian, Luo Zhui, Han Yuting, Lv Zejia, Ma Huancheng, Wu Jianrong 2021, 37 (19):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0239 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1862KB )   ( 41 ) The paper aims to identify the pathogen of root rot and put forward green biological control measures. The pathogen of root rot of Cymbidium sinense was isolated by tissue isolation method, and identified by morphology and molecular biology. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s law. At the same time, 20 strains of bacteria were isolated from the roots and soil of wild healthy C. sinense by dilution coating method. Through plate confrontation culture, one strain of bacteria MJ5-1 was screened, which could antagonize two pathogens. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the antagonistic strain was Bacillus pumilus. The results showed that Fusarium solani was the pathogen of root rot of cultivated C. sinense in Mojiang. B. pumilus MJ5-1 could inhibit the growth of mycelium and spore of F. solani. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and pollution-free control of root rot of cultivated C. sinense.

  Inversion of Soybean Leaf Area Index Based on UAV Multispectral Remote Sensing Wang Jun, Jiang Yun 2021, 37 (19):  134-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0229 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2291KB )   ( 31 ) In order to provide basic data for the scientific management of soybean, the inversion and estimation of LAI was realized by using the multispectral remote sensing data of UAV. Five indices with good correlation with LAI were selected from various spectral vegetation indices, and the remote sensing inversion model of soybean leaf area index in northeast China was analyzed and discussed. The results show that except NDVI, the other four vegetation index models have better precision, and the determination coefficient R2 is more than 0.6; support vector machine model, the determination coefficient R2 is 0.688, and the root mean square error is 0.016, which has better prediction ability. Both models show that the UAV multispectral remote sensing system can quickly retrieve the soybean leaf area index in the field, which has practical significance in guiding precision agricultural production.

  Research Progress of Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Traceability Zhong Defu, Ai Hong, Zhang Liangguo, Chen Shengjun 2021, 37 (19):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0443 Abstract + ( 318 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 42 ) Traceability application is an effective means to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products that has been a public health problem of growing concern, and to ensure the authenticity and security of traceability data has become the focus and urgent problem of traceability application research. Blockchain is a complete technical solution that integrates various technologies and ensures the completeness of completely decentralized point-to-point system, with the advantages of decentralization, transparency, detrust and data unforgeability. It is not restricted by traditional centralized technology, and thus has great development space in the application of agricultural product quality and safety traceability. This paper summarized the infrastructure, key technologies and application characteristics of blockchain technology, as well as the internal relationship between blockchain technology and agricultural product quality traceability. It presented the problems existing in the research of agricultural product quality and safety traceability based on blockchain technology by analyzing the research progress and technical characteristics of agricultural product quality and safety traceability based on the public chain model, consortium chain model and improved model. Combined with the development trend of blockchain, it put forward some research prospects, such as paying attention to horizontal technology integration, strengthening the chain of detection data information, and establishing incentive and punishment mechanism for agricultural products traceability.

  The Development Path of Agricultural and Rural Urbanization in Chengdu-Deyang-Meishan-Ziyang Chen Chunyan, Lin Zhengyu, Liu Yuanli, Gao Wenbo 2021, 37 (19):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0014 Abstract + ( 273 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1443KB )   ( 47 ) The paper aims to evaluate the situation of agricultural and rural modernization of Chengdu-Deyang- Meishan-Ziyang region, explore the path of coordinated development of cities, and promote development of regional agricultural and rural coordination, dislocation and cluster. We constructed the development evaluation model of regional agriculture and rural area, which included 14 indicators from dimensions of input of agricultural production factors, agricultural output, rural economic development and rural resources. Based on the data of statistical yearbook, we analyzed the present situation and advantages of agricultural and rural development of Chengdu-Deyang-Meishan-Ziyang, and found that there was an obvious difference between the cities. The level of agricultural and rural development in Chengdu and Deyang was higher than that of others, and Ziyang was at the minimum level in 2018. The development of agriculture and rural area in the four cities should seize the opportunity of Chengdu-Deyang-Meishan-Ziyang strategy of urbanization, give full play to Chengdu’s market advantages and Ziyang’s development potential, and upgrade Chengdu-Deyang-Meishan-Ziyang integrated development of agriculture and countryside, thus realize the high quality development of the urban integration.

  The Predicament and Improvement Path of Homestead Ownership Under “Three Rights Division” Cao Jiao 2021, 37 (19):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0219 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 33 ) As an important material means of living for the survival and development of rural collective economic organization members, homestead is the foundation of rural villagers and the foundation of their life, which relates to the fundamental interests of the majority of farmers. The collective ownership in the “three rights division” of homestead refers to the management right, income right, disposal right and supervision right of rural collective economic organizations. At present, there are some problems in the process of realizing homestead ownership in China, such as nonstandard management right, difficult realization of income right, unfulfilled disposal right and unsound supervision right. The improvement of homestead ownership should be carried out from the aspects of strengthening management power, exploring income power, implementing punishment power and improving supervision power, so as to enrich the content and realization of homestead ownership and make it more complete.