Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.22 Published:05 August 2024

  Effects of Furrow Sowing on Soil Nutrients, Leaf Fluorescence Kinetic Parameters and Yield of Wheat in Moderate to Mild Saline Alkali Soil XUE Yuansai, PENG Keyan, CHEN Xiyan, LI Qiuqin, ZHANG Yan, ZOU Shiguo, ZHU Jinghang, HAN Wei 2024, 40 (22):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0692 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 77 ) The aim of this study is to explore wheat sowing methods suitable for moderate to mild saline alkali soil conditions. Using ‘Qingmai 6’ as the experimental variety, three planting methods were compared: traditional flat sowing (CK), double row furrow sowing (T1), and three row furrow sowing (T2). The effects of furrow sowing on the fluorescence dynamics parameters and yield of ‘Qingmai 6’ were studied. The research results showed that the furrow planting method significantly increased the soil moisture content and nutrient content of soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the same soil layer. In terms of leaf fluorescence kinetics parameters, the photochemical efficiency of all treated wheat flag leaves (ΦPSII), electron transfer efficiency (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) all showed an increasing trend, while the effective photochemical quantum yield (Fv'/Fm') showed a decreasing trend, with T2 treatment showing the smallest decrease. The mathematical model of grain filling indicated that T2 treatment was superior to other treatments in terms of maximum filling rate and duration of filling. In terms of yield components, there was a significant difference in the number of panicles per hectare between the furrow sowing treatment and the flat sowing treatment, while there was no significant difference in the number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weight. Compared with CK treatment, the yield of T1 treatment increased by 7.53%, and the yield of T2 increased by 12.06%. In summary, furrow sowing is a suitable method for planting wheat in saline alkali soil, especially the three row furrow sowing (T2) is the optimal planting mode.

  Analysis of Research Trends and Development in Quinoa Studies CHEN Weiwei, FENG Pengrui, ZHANG Yongqing, HE Jiamin, GAO Xuemei, ZHANG Yimeng, SHEN Yuexin 2024, 40 (22):  8-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0667 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2993KB )   ( 227 ) This study systematically analyzed the Chinese and English academic literature on quinoa research published between 2011 and 2022, aiming to reveal the dynamic changes and future development directions in quinoa studies. The VOSviewer software was utilized for visualizing the literature at both macro and micro levels. From a macro perspective, the field of quinoa research is extensive, covering various aspects such as germplasm resource assessment, genetic breeding techniques, cultivation management strategies, processing methods, nutritional component analysis, and market demand surveys. Notably, in the realms of germplasm resources and genetic breeding, the research indicates that quinoa possesses significant genetic diversity, providing a valuable gene pool for variety improvement and new variety development. Micro-level analysis has highlighted keywords such as nutritional components, antioxidant properties, and polypeptides, reflecting not only the nutritional characteristics of quinoa but also its great potential in the development of functional foods. In terms of future trends, it is recommended to strengthen the collection, conservation, and evaluation of quinoa germplasm resources, promote innovative development in genetic breeding technologies, and optimize quinoa cultivation management and processing techniques. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration, especially synergy among genetics, agricultural science, food technology, and other related fields, along with integrated cooperation between academia and industry, will contribute to enhancing the overall competitiveness and sustainable development of the quinoa industry, and realizing its innovative potential in the global food industry.

  Ecological Adaptability and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco Leaf Yield and Quality of 7 Tobacco Varieties in Lijiang Tobacco Planting Area of Yunnan Province RONG Lei, XUE Zhiqin, DENG Chenxiao, LUO Kun, GAO Chongliang, LI Shenghai, WANG Yijie, WANG Yanni, CAI Xianjie, YAN Ding, YU Lei, HUANG Feiyan, HAN Tianhua 2024, 40 (22):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0639 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 119 ) The paper aims to explore the ecological adaptability of different tobacco varieties in Lijiang tobacco planting area, select the dominant tobacco varieties suitable for local planting, and improve the yield, quality and leaf style of cultivation of tobacco. Using the main locally grown variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as a control, a total of 7 tobacco varieties were selected for field experiments to investigate the growth and agronomic traits of tobacco during the field stage. The economic traits of each variety were counted and various quality indicators of cured tobacco leaves were evaluated. The results showed that the field growth period of ‘Yunyan 116’ variety was shorter and the economic characteristics were better, the comprehensive quality of cured tobacco leaves from ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ was high, and the agronomic characteristics of the conventional main planting variety ‘Yunyan 87’ were better, but the growth period was longer and the chemical composition was not coordinated. In the wet valley tobacco planting area with similar ecological environment in Lijiang City, ‘Yunyan 116’ had strong ecological adaptability and good tobacco quality, and the economic benefits were high, which could be widely verified and promoted as the main local variety. The comprehensive quality performance of ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ tobacco leaves was excellent, but there was still a lot of room for improvement in yield and revenue. They can be further developed and researched as reserve varieties to enhance the regional characteristics of Lijiang.

  Improvement of Vegetable Peas Varieties in Suburb of Lhasa and Its Comprehensive Evaluation GAO Xiaoli, HUANG Haijiao, CHANG Zihui, YANG Tao, LIU Rong, ZONG Xuxiao, ZHANG Haifang, LIAO Wenhua 2024, 40 (22):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0669 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 21 ) In order to solve the problems of single variety, poor taste and low yield of vegetable peas in Tibet, maturation time, yield and quality of vegetable peas were studied. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, affiliation membership and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation. The result showed that ‘Zhongqin No.1’ was the earliest-maturing pea variety in Lhasa, which was 20 days earlier than local peas. The highest fresh pod yield per plant of ‘Shijiatiancuiwan No.3’ was 346.30 g. The taste of edible pod variety ‘American Sweet Pea’ was the best among the varieties. As the result of the comprehensive analysis, four varieties, ‘Chengwan No.8’, ‘Chengwan No.10’, ‘American sweet pea’ and ‘Shengshiherendou’, had relatively high scores, which could be recommended as high-quality edible pea varieties in the region with similar ecological environments.

  Introduction and Cultivation of Protein Mulberry in Wind-sand Area of Northern Shaanxi and Its Adaptability Analysis SONG Yiying, WEI Mingyue, HAO Lei, QIN Yuanyuan, CHAI Guaiqiang, SHI Jianguo, DUAN Yizhong 2024, 40 (22):  32-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0651 Abstract + ( 107 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 12 ) In order to study the adaptability of different protein mulberry varieties in the windy and sandy area of Yuyang in northern Shaanxi, four different ecotypes of three-year protein mulberry (‘Yuyinsang-1’, ‘Yuyinsang-2’, ‘Yuyinsang-3’ and ‘YuYinsang-4’) were used as materials. The adaptability of four kinds of protein mulberry was comprehensively evaluated from agronomic traits, physiological and biochemical characteristics, yield characteristics and quality. The results showed that the four kinds of protein mulberry had good overwintering performance and could overwinter safely in Yulin area. The agronomic characters of ‘Yuyinsang-1’ were better than other varieties (P<0.05). The analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) among the four mulberry varieties except transpiration rate (Tr). The chlorophyll content and Pn of ‘Yuyinsang-1’ were the highest, while the WUEi of ‘Yuyinsang-1’ and ‘Yuyinsang-4’ were the best. The yield analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the total yield among the four protein mulberry varieties, but there were some differences in the fresh weight of stem and leaf, dry weight of stem and leaf and biological yield per plant. The best two varieties were ‘Yuyinsang-1’ and ‘Yuyinsang-4’, and the biological yield per plant of ‘Yuyensang-1’ was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties (P<0.05). There were no differences in crude fat content, crude fiber content and ash content among the four protein mulberry varieties, but there were significant differences in crude protein content, of which the crude protein content of ‘Yuyinsang-1’ was the highest (194.9 g/kg), which were 1.19, 1.43 and 1.13 times as much as ‘Yuyinsang-2’, ‘Yuyinsang-3’ and ‘YuYinsang-4’, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, fresh weight and dry weight of stem and leaf (P<0.05).The crude protein content was significantly positively correlated with plant height, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and fresh weight of stem and leaf (P<0.01). The results of comprehensive membership function analysis showed that ‘Yuyinsang-1’ could be used as a suitable protein mulberry variety in the sandy area of Yuyang in northern Shaanxi.

  Research Progress of Styrax Species CHEN Qin, FU Zhuorui, XIAO Xingcui, GU Yunjie, PAN Xin 2024, 40 (22):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0672 Abstract + ( 121 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 328 ) In order to systematically sort out the progress of Styrax research and application, and to provide reference for the research, conservation and utilization of Styrax, the geographical distribution and classification, biological and ecological characteristics, propagation and cultivation, and application value of Styrax at home and abroad were summarized. The research progress in the horizontal and vertical distribution of Styrax, the main classification basis, flowering biology, seed biology, ecological characteristics, live seedling and asexual propagation technology, medicinal value, economic value, ornamental value and other directions were generalized by key points in this paper. It was pointed out that there were problems such as limited research species, single research field and insufficient introduction and protection of Styrax. It was proposed that the protection of endangered species of Styrax should be strengthened in the future, as well as the introduction and domestication of the original species and the development and utilization of the new varieties of Styrax.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits and Photosynthetic Characters of Lonicera japonica CAO Hui, WANG Feng, ZUO Hongjuan, ZHANG Xiaoshen, SONG Tao 2024, 40 (22):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0232 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1097KB )   ( 42 ) In order to screen out new varieties (lines) of Lonicera japonica suitable for cultivation in Zhengzhou, six new varieties (lines) of honeysuckle were used as test materials. The grey correlation method was used to analyze their agronomic, photosynthetic, and yield traits, and the DTOPSIS method and principal component analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the photosynthetic and agronomic traits of L. japonica. The results showed that there were differences in the 11 photosynthetic and agronomic traits of L. japonica, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 5.82% to 38.01%. The dry weight of a single plant was negatively correlated with stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration, and positively correlated with other traits. It was significantly positively correlated with bud length, hundred bud dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency. The influence of various traits of L. japonica on single plant dry weight from strong to weak was as follows: hundred bud dry weight> water use efficiency> transpiration rate> net photosynthetic rate> leaf length> bud length> leaf width> chlorophyll> intercellular CO2 concentration> stomatal conductance. The ranking of DTOPSIS comprehensive varieties (lines) was consistent with the ranking of single plant dry weight. The top 2 in principal component analysis results were consistent with the ranking of the single plant dry weight of honeysuckle, and the ranking of the 5th and 6th was consistent. DOTPSIS and principal component analysis could be used as comprehensive evaluation methods for honeysuckle, and ‘Fenghua 1’, ‘Miyinhua 1’, and ‘Zhengyinhua 3’ were selected as suitable varieties for planting in Zhengzhou.

  Spatial Extent Effects of Plain Landscape Patterns LIN Zihang, LIU Xuelu, LI Xiaobing 2024, 40 (22):  53-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0625 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2204KB )   ( 19 ) Exploring the optimal scale of the spatial extent effect of a particular landscape pattern helps provide a scientific basis for land planning and management decisions for that landscape. In this paper, three pieces of 100 km×100 km square areas in the Yellow Huaihai Plain were selected as research objects, and the Landsat-8 remote sensing image data of 2020 were used to interpret the land use type maps. The spatial extent effect of the landscape pattern of the plain landscapes and its variation pattern were analyzed by calculating the landscape pattern index and conducting ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results showed that there were differences in the characteristics of the different landscape components within the same landscape. The landscape patterns in the three study areas all had obvious spatial extent effects, and with the increase of spatial extent, the extent effects of the landscape patterns gradually decreased and showed a stable state. Within the range of 20 km to 25 km, the difference in extent effect was most obvious; in the range of 21-90 km or 26-90 km, the difference in extent effect was smaller; the extent effect disappeared at the range greater than 90 km, suggesting that 90 km was the ‘critical threshold’ extent for the study of landscape patterns of plains landscapes at large scales.

  Study on Purification Effect of Euryale ferox on Eutrophic Waters Along Huai River CHEN Maohua, YANG Yongxue, LIU Kun 2024, 40 (22):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0538 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 14 ) In order to understand the purification effect of indigenous aquatic plant Euryale ferox on eutrophic rivers in rural areas along the Huai River, E. ferox were planted in simulated pools representing eutrophic river conditions in rural areas along the Huai River. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water were regularly monitored. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the purification effect of E. ferox on eutrophic rivers. The results indicated that E. ferox, as indigenous aquatic plants in the Huai River region, exhibited a purification effect on eutrophic rivers. During the growth process, E. ferox could absorb 95.53%-98.45% of NH4+-N and 99.50%-99.65% of TP, demonstrating a favorable purification effect. However, the purification effect of E. ferox on TN and CODCr in eutrophic rivers was not significant. Additionally, the pH of the water increased by 11.05% to 11.61%, EC values increased by 21.12% to 22%, and DO increased by 3.82 to 21.77 times.

  Artificial Cultivation and Regulation of Duckweed and Its Role in Rice Field Ecosystem ZHAO Yipeng, ZHAO Xinyong, HU Tingting, LUO Jingsheng, WANG Yunxia 2024, 40 (22):  72-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0632 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 800 ) This paper presents the physiological and ecological characteristics of duckweed, its occurrence and distribution patterns, as well as the reproduction modes in its natural habitats. Based on these characteristics, the latest research and exploration on the preparation of duckweed in the laboratory and the large-scale cultivation methods of culture ponds were further summarized. The environmental factors affecting the growth of duckweed were systematically reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of duckweed in the conversion and utilization of ammonia nitrogen in rice fields. Further research is needed on the dynamic changes of duckweed in rice fields and its interaction with rice in the field of agricultural ecology. While reducing the risk of rice yield decline caused by the rapid growth of duckweed, the balance effect of duckweed in rice field ecosystems should be fully utilized to enhance the diversity and stability of rice field ecosystems.

  The Quantitative Analysis for the Relationship Between Earthworm Density and Major Parameters of Soil Physical Fertility MA Qian, DIAO Feifei, DU Xin, CHEN Riyuan, LIN Qimei, ZHAO Xiaorong, LI Guitong 2024, 40 (22):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0606 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 133 ) This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between earthworm density and the main parameters of soil physical fertility, and quantitatively evaluate the impact of earthworms on soil physical properties through field samples and data collection from literatures. Relevant data was extracted by inputting keywords such as earthworm, soil bulk density, soil water content, soil texture, soil porosity, and soil water-stable aggregates in the China Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science. The data extracted from the literature was combined with the data we obtained to perform Pearson correlation analysis. It was found that earthworm density was significantly, negatively and exponentially related with sand percentage (P<0.001), and significantly, positively and exponentially related with silt percentage (P<0.05) while significantly related with clay percentage in power function (P<0.001). There was a weak negative correlation with soil bulk density (P<0.20), and a significant positive correlation with soil porosity (P<0.05). There was a weak positive correlation with water stable aggregate content (P<0.5), but a very significant positive correlation with water content (P<0.001). The quantitative relationship between earthworm density and the main parameters of soil physical fertility can be divided into five classes according to the relationships between earthworm density and the relative content of sand, silt and clay, soil bulk density, porosity, water stability aggregate and water content, which may be valuable for estimating the impacts of earthworm on soil physical fertility.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application on Chemical Properties of Sugar Beet Rhizosphere Soil and Correlation Analysis WANG Wang, YU Ze, CUI Jingjing, SONG Baiquan, WANG Qiuhong 2024, 40 (22):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0869 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 33 ) The application of nitrogen fertilizer directly affects soil fertility and physical and chemical properties. Excessive application of nitrogen will lead to low nitrogen use efficiency and pollution. In this study, the main chemical properties of beet rhizosphere soil and their correlation were studied to provide reference for scientific cultivation and rational nitrogen application in agricultural production. A field experiment was conducted with a sugar beet variety ‘H004’ with high nitrogen efficiency and ‘HI0466’ with low nitrogen efficiency. Two treatments, N0 (N: 0 kg/hm2) and N120 (N: 120 kg/hm2), were used to study the changes of soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potash, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and other major chemical properties in the rhizosphere of sugar beet at different developmental stages. The results showed that the contents of pH, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in rhizosphere soil of ‘H004’ under nitrogen application were 2.64%, 2.49%, 0.42%, respectively, and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were 12.10%, 17.22%, respectively; the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium in rhizosphere soil of ‘HI0466’ was 5.99%, 5.60%, 47.63%, respectively, and the content of pH and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were 0.14% and 3.68%, respectively. Pearson correlation results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between pH and organic matter content in rhizosphere soil of the two cultivars under no nitrogen application; there was also a significant negative correlation between available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content under the condition of nitrogen application, the content of available phosphorus and organic matter in rhizosphere soil of nitrogen-efficient varieties was significantly negatively correlated, while that of available potassium was significantly positively correlated; there was a significant positive correlation between organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in rhizosphere soil of nitrogen inefficient varieties. Nitrogen application had different effects on nutrient content in rhizosphere soil of beet varieties with different nitrogen efficiency, and the high nitrogen efficiency varieties were more suitable for non-nitrogen application than low nitrogen efficiency varieties.

  Effects of Fertilizer Input and Nutrient Ratio on Vegetable Growth and Soil Fertility LIANG Ziwei, HUANG Shaozhen, ZENG Ruikun, QI Baifu, WANG Ronghui, YAO Jianwu, CHEN Yong, WANG Wanwan, NING Jianfeng 2024, 40 (22):  94-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0685 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 73 ) A plot experiment with four treatments including control, conventional fertilization, reduced fertilization by 10%, optimized fertilization (OF, reduced fertilization by 50%, optimized ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was conducted in a perennial continuous planting vegetable field nearby Shenzhen City. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on vegetable growth and soil fertility. The experiment used leafy vegetables as the test vegetables and planted them continuously for 2 crops. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients and yields of vegetables. The contribution rate of fertilizer to the increase in leaf vegetable yield ranged from 32.3% to 37.7%, and there was no significant difference in the contribution rate of fertilizer between different fertilizer treatments. Under the conventional fertilization mode, the fertilizer use efficiency of N, P and K nutrients in vegetables was 13.98%, 5.39%, and 31.95%, respectively. And optimized fertilization significantly improved the fertilizer efficiency of P and K fertilizers in vegetables by 1.87 times and 26.3%. Fertilization had no significant effect on soil pH and organic matter concentration. Conventional fertilization and reduced fertilization by 10% significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 12.27%-27.83%, available phosphorus by 26.49%-44.24%, and available potassium by 13.17%-35.30%. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization significantly reduced the available phosphorus content of the soil by 19.96%-23.65%, and the available potassium content by 22.29%-23.23%. The comprehensive soil fertility index of each treatment ranges from 1.34 to 1.43, all of which belong to the level of II. No significant differences were observed for soil fertility index between different fertilization treatments under two consecutive short-term experiments. Overall, optimizing the fertilization amount in the perennial continuous vegetable field system, that is, reducing fertilizer application by 50% and optimizing the proportion of N, P and K nutrients input, can maintain soil fertility levels while ensuring that vegetable yield, and reduce the risk of non-point source pollution caused by the accumulation of available phosphorus in the soil.

  Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Spring Tomato Growth and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Greenhouse of Northern Weihe River Basin MENG Yan, YANG Haiyan, ZHANG Fei, LEI Xiaoying, ZHAO Yinping, SUN Liping, LIU Tao, ZHAO Zengshou 2024, 40 (22):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0641 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 74 ) In order to study the suitable nitrogen and irrigation application rate on early-spring facility tomato in northern Weihe river basin of Shaanxi, the experiment used ‘Jinpeng No.10’ tomato as test plant, taking local usual N fertilizer amount (450 kg·N/hm2) and irrigation amount (3000 m3/hm2) as the control (C1T1). Six treatments were designed by different nitrogen rates (C1-conventional treatment, C2-reduction 20%, C3-reduction 40%) and irrigation rates (T1-conventional treatment, T2-reduction 30%). Fertilizers were applied by water-fertilizer integration at different tomato growth stages. Tomato yield, quality and soil nitrate nitrogen were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the tomato yield between nitrogen-water reduction treatments and conventional treatment. However, the average yield of C3 level was significantly lower than conventional and C2 treatment when N application rate was the main analysis factor. Except for protein content, other tomato quality indexes were no significant differences. The membership function method showed that the quality results ranking of C2T2 was the best. Soil nitrate-N accumulation in 0-200 cm underground decreased with the decrease of N application rate, while increased with the decrease of irrigation amount. The total nitrate-N amounts of different treatments ranged from 1028.38 to 1302.80 kg/hm2, accumulation of soil layer within 100 cm accounted for 59.9%-69.5% of the total nitrate-N amounts. From the balance of irrigation, fertilizer input and yield output, C1T2, C2T1 is basically the same as the control, C2T2 increases the benefit by 2050 yuan/hm2.

  Risk Analysis of High Temperature Sunburn in Mature Stage of Dandong Blueberry Based on Information Diffusion Theory DONG Haitao, SHAN Lulu, MENG Xin, LI Runan, FANG Yihe 2024, 40 (22):  110-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0648 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 46 ) Based on the meteorological data of blueberry ripening period from 1991 to 2020 of four stations in Dandong area, the maximum daily temperature of blueberry ripening period ≥32℃ lasting for 3 days and above was taken as the index of high temperature sunburn disaster. Considering the frequency and duration, the degree of high temperature sunburn disaster was established, and the regularity of high temperature sunburn disaster was analyzed, risk probability of high temperature sunburn disaster was evaluated based on information diffusion theory. The results showed that the effects of high temperature sunburn on blueberries in Dandong area were aggravated and the number of sunburn increased during the whole ripening period in 30 years, especially in Fengcheng area, the tendency rate of high temperature sunburn was 0.236 times/10 a (P<0.01). The risk of high temperature sunburn was low in the middle maturity period of 30 years, and the risk probability of mild and moderate high temperature sunburn was less than once in 10 years (≤10%), and no disaster occurred in Donggang area, the probability of occurrence of minor disasters was close to or more than once in 10 years (≥10%). Fengcheng district was a high risk area of high temperature sunburn disaster. The disaster area was wide, the frequency was high and the degree was heavy. The probabilities of light and severe high temperature sunburn disaster were all more than once in 10 years (≥10%). The results of the study obtained the risk probability and the law of recurrence period of different levels of high temperature sunburn disaster in each site, which provided a reference for scientific response to high temperature sunburn disaster in blueberry mature period.

  Analysis on Population Fluctuation of Rhizosphere Microorganism of Resistant and Susceptible Bitter Gourd SHI Bo, XIE Yuanyuan, GUAN Feng, YANG Xuetong, ZHANG Jingyun, WANG Kai, WAN Xinjian 2024, 40 (22):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0634 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 49 ) In this study, 28 varieties of Momordica charantia were used to evaluate the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordica by artificial root-soaking inoculation in seedling stage. Results showed that bitter gourd germplasms had considerable difference in Fusarium wilt-resistance, among them, 1 high resistance (HR) variety and 11 high susceptibility (HS) varieties were screened out and selected for the further analysis of population fluctuation of rhizosphere microorganism. The results showed that the correlation between the population of Fusarium oxysporum in soil and the occurrence of Fusarium wilt was different, and the incidence of Fusarium wilt was significant positively correlated with the Fusarium oxysporum. The microorganism community structure of resistant variety was better than susceptible variety. The richness and diversity of the resistant varieties rhizosphere soil microbial community, Sobs, Shannon and Chao 1 indexes of fungi were increased by 36.93%, 25.89% and 38.58% respectively, and Sobs, Shannon and Chao 1 indexes of bacteria increased by 13.63%, 12.91% and 26.52%. The content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, pH and organic matter of resistant varieties were higher than that of susceptible varieties at seedling stage, the composition of rhizosphere microorganism were affected by pH, nitrogen and available phosphorus.

  Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Kiwifruit Black Spot Pathogen FU Bo, WANG Jiazhe, REN Ping, LI Hao, CHANG Qing, LI Yingmei, ZHANG Feng 2024, 40 (22):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0674 Abstract + ( 100 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1539KB )   ( 106 ) In order to confirm the biological and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogenic fungi of black spot on kiwifruit, the biological characteristics of the strain under different culture conditions and their pathogenicity differences to varieties of kiwifruits were studied. It will provide theoretical basis for further research on infection mechanism, epidemic rules and key technologies of disease prevention and control. The results showed that Diaporthe eres, the pathogen of kiwifruit-black spot, could grow at 15-30℃ and pH 5-11. The optimum temperature was 28℃, and it was sensitive to high temperature. The growth rate of the fungus decreased significantly when the temperature was higher than 35℃. The strain could grow in different carbon sources, the most suitable carbon source was glucose. It was easier to use organic nitrogen source, and the most suitable nitrogen source was yeast extract powder. Calcium could promote the growth of the strain, and the growth rate was proportional to the content of calcium. The strain could only reproduce conidia, but could not produce ascospores. The strain had obvious pathogenicity to ‘Cuixiang’, ‘Xuxiang’ and ‘Ruiyu’ kiwifruits, but could not infect ‘Hayward’, ‘Yate’ and ‘Qinmei’ kiwifruits.

  Effect of Agents on Control of Root Knot Nematode Disease and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco HONG Facai, ZOU Qianmei, ZHANG Min, CHEN Jiangzheng, XU Jun, LI Hanmei, WANG Ge, WANG Na, BAI Yuxiang, ZHOU Peng, DU Yu, ZHENG Shaogeng, ZENG Hao, KANG Zheng, LI Jie 2024, 40 (22):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0623 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 39 ) The effects of chemical agents and microbial agents on the control of root-knot nematode disease in flue-cured tobacco were compared to provide a theoretical basis for effectively reducing the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease in flue-cured tobacco. Different treatments such as control (Y0), abamectin (Y1), oligosaccharide·fosthiazate (Y2), nematicidal Bacillus (Y3) and Brevibacillus brevis (Y4) were set up. The physical and chemical properties of soil, agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, control effect of root-knot nematode disease, photosynthetic characteristics, appearance quality of raw tobacco, economic traits and chemical composition after baking were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, Y4 treatment significantly increased soil available nutrients and organic matter content, significantly promoted the growth of tobacco plants, and enhanced the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco to tobacco root-knot nematode disease. The incidence and disease index were 23.59 percentage points and 11.03 lower than those of Y0 treatment, respectively. Y4 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco. The yield, average price, output value and proportion of middle and superior tobacco of flue-cured tobacco were the highest in Y4 treatment, which were 1.1, 5.2, 6.4 and 3.4 percentage points higher than those of the control, respectively. In terms of the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves, Y2 treatment was generally better. In summary, Brevibacillus brevis has a good control effect on tobacco root-knot nematodes, and has a good effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties, promoting the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improving yield and quality.

  Effect of Spraying Time of Atailing on Prevention and Control of Grape Diseases and Grape Quality HAO Jianyu, CHEN Wenchao, WANG Weijun, JING Gang, JIA Qingbing, WANG Yan, HU Yang, DING Jie, ZHANG Bochao 2024, 40 (22):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0595 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 31 ) An experiment was conducted to explore a suitable period for spraying the biological pesticide Atailing on grapes in the area of Zhangjiakou, which would realize the prevention and control of grape diseases rationally and enhance the quality of grapes. In the experiment, 0.1% concentration of Atailing was sprayed at different growth stages of 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape and 2016 planted ‘Fengguang’ grape respectively from 2020 to 2022 in order to observe the occurrence of grape downy mildew, the growth condition of the 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape, and the fruit quality of ‘Fengguang’ grape. The results showed that the incidence rate of downy mildew was reduced by 14.2 percentage points, the disease index was reduced by 7.53, the perimeter of the grape trunk 20 cm above the ground was increased by 0.86 cm, and the length of the mature branch of the grape was increased by 65.17 cm when 0.1% concentration Atailing was sprayed twice at the stages of 4-6 leaves on the 1-year old ‘Miguang’ grape. While, the experiment results also showed that the incidence rate of downy mildew was reduced by 15.73 percentage points, the disease index was reduced by 9.64, the peel color of the grapes became blue black, the weight of a single ‘Fengguang’ grape was increased by 2.60 g, and the soluble solids content of the grape was increased by 1.47 percentage points, and the titratable acid content of ‘Fengguang’ grape was reduced by 0.12 percentage points, and the solid-acid ratio of ‘Fengguang’ grape was increased by 15.09 when 0.1% concentration Atailing was sprayed twice before the flowering time of ‘Fengguang’ grape. In conclusion, the biological agent of Atailing could enhance the grape resistance to diseases and reduce the incidence rate of grape diseases; also, it had certain effects on improving the growth condition and fruit quality of grapes.

  Residue and Risk Assessment of Zineb and Its Metabolite ETU in Vegetables YE Qian, ZHU Fuwei, HUANG Congling, LUO Feiyuan, WANG Weili, WAN Kai, LU Ying 2024, 40 (22):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0715 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 85 ) In order to determine the residue risks of zineb and its metabolite ETU on Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery, the residue dissipation and dietary risks of zineb residues were evaluated in field trials. Field trials were designed to evaluate the dissipation and residue of 65% zineb wettable powder in Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery in Heilongjiang, Hunan, Yunnan, Henan, Shandong and Guangdong. The dietary risks of zineb residues were evaluated by risk quotient method. The vegetables samples were decomposed by HCl-SnCl2 into CS2 gas, absorbed by hexane, and quantitatively determined by GC-FPD-S detector. The content of CS2 was determined and the analysis and calculation of zineb were carried out. The Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery vegetables samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing NH3·H2O, and the extracted supernatant was cleaned up by GCB adsorbents. The ETU in resulting samples was detected of by HPLC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that dissipation of zineb in Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery were in accordance with the first order kinetic equation with half-lives from 4.0 to 6.0 d, 2.8 to 6.9 d and 4.1 to 4.6 d, respectively. The maximum residual ETU of final test were 8.62, 9.61 and 7.22mg/kg, the final residual maximum counted by zineb were 813.3, 658.0 and 410.1 mg/kg, in Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery, respectively. The final residue of zineb gradually decreased over time. Dietary intake risk assessment results showed that the risk probability of zineb was less-than 100% at 7 d after application of zineb in three vegetables. Rational use of zineb in accordance with the recommended dose during the growth of Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and celery is safe to consumers’ dietary health.

  Correlation Evaluation of Chemical Components, Appearance Quality and Sensory Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Southwestern Guizhou ZHANG Huihong, ZHANG Yaheng, SHEN Xie, WANG Wei, LIU Shengchuan, WU Fanglian, ZHANG Shixiang, CHEN Fayuan 2024, 40 (22):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0621 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2308KB )   ( 23 ) In order to clarify the relationship between the chemical qualities of flue-cured tobacco leaves in southwestern Guizhou, and guide the development of characteristic high-quality tobacco leaves, using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods, the relationship between the chemical qualities of tobacco leaf samples of different grades (B2F and C3F) in four flue-cured tobacco producing areas (Xingyi City, Anlong County, Xingren County, Pu’an County) in southwestern Guizhou in 2021 was studied. The results showed that: (1) the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves were higher, the contents of potassium and chlorine were slightly lower, and the contents of other components and their coordination were moderate. (2) Total alkaloid and total nitrogen were extremely significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) negatively correlated with total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, nitrogen-nicotine ratio, sugar-nicotine ratio, potassium-chlorine ratio, structure, aroma quality, offensive odor, irritation and aftertaste of tobacco leaves, and significantly positively correlated with tobacco leaf strength. The reducing sugar and total sugar were significantly or significantly positively correlated with the ratio of nitrogen to alkali, the ratio of sugar to alkali, the ratio of potassium to chlorine, structure, aroma quality, irritation and aftertaste, and significantly negatively correlated with strength. (3) Sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-nicotine ratio were extremely significantly or significantly positively correlated with tobacco leaf structure, aroma quality, offensive odor, irritation and aftertaste, and significantly negatively correlated with strength. In conclusion, the contents and coordination of total alkaloid, total nitrogen, reducing sugar and total sugar had great influence on the appearance quality and sensory quality of tobacco leaves, which were the key factors affecting the quality of tobacco leaves.

  Evaluation Indicator System of Appearance Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Based on Digital Description WU Yuanhua, LIU Guangliang, LIU Yang, LUO Zhongfeng, LI Airan, SONG Wenjing, TAO Dexin, WANG Chengdong, BAO Zichao, SHANG Bin 2024, 40 (22):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0762 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 21 ) In order to investigate the tobacco leaf appearance quality characteristics and regional differences in different typical ecological areas, the samples of tobacco leaf from 230 experimental sites in 46 counties of 11 typical ecological areas were selected in 2019 to 2021. The tobacco leaves from middle position of plant were evaluated by constructing a ‘calibrated scale’ digital description model. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between flue-cured tobacco appearance quality indices, with obvious differences between different regions. Among them, Wuyi mountain area and Southern Anhui mountain area had higher evaluation scores both in individual and comprehensive indices, followed by Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Nanling Mountain area, Qinba Mountain area, Northeast China and Central China producing area. The overall quality of Zhongshan of Guizhou, Wuling, Central Shandong and Xuefeng mountainous areas was lower than other areas. Inter annual comparison showed significant differences in individual indicators and comprehensive evaluations between 2019, 2020 and 2021, while there was no significant difference between 2020 and 2021. The sample quality was relatively stable.